FR2551575A1 - POLYPHONIC FINGER TRANSFORMER FOR STRING INSTRUMENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Polyphonic apparatus to analyse the fingering of a stringed master instrument in order to control a target instrument, the source instrument including a series of strings (61 to 66) presenting a non zero electric resistance and a series of frets (702 to 723) conducting electrically and extending transversally to the strings in the region of the former, characterized in that it comprises means of switching (21) set up to switch in succession a first end (9) of each string between a first source of voltage (V1) and a second supply voltage, each of these strings being connected to the earth by one of the ends of means (701, 70) to connect the other end of the strings to a different source of voltage than said first source of supply voltage, comparator voltage means (24) including a series of inputs linked to each of the frets, which are not segmented (702 to 723) and to the nut (701) and means of analysis and control indicating which fret is at the potential nearest to the first voltage via said string, one end of which is connected to voltage V1.

Description

Polyphonic fingering transformer for stringed instruments. The

  The present invention relates to the field of stringed musical instruments, said instruments being in combination with electrical or electronic devices for analyzing the playing of the instrumentalist, for the purpose of controlling another musical instrument. a) String instruments equipped with a microphone and a device that analyzes the signals coming from said microphone. Said device derives from its analysis which notes are played on said instrument. Said notes are thus identified, said device can control another musical instrument, or sound generator An example of such an analysis device is given in the patent

  4,263,520 from the United States of America.

  b) Instruments that have no strings, but are played with the same fingering as a stringed instrument: these are, for example, guitars with keys, in which the neck is equipped with keys controlling electrical switches. An example of such an instrument is given in United States Patent 3 & 666,875. The instrumentalist's play is then unambiguously detectable, and the information provided by said switches can be

  serve to control a sound generator.

  c) Devices such as that described in the US Pat. No. 4,038,897, where electrical voltages are applied to the frets, and the strings are used to measure voltages on contact.

frets.

  (d) Devices such as that described in United States Patent No. 3,530,227, including

  frets segmented into segments electrically insulated from each other.

  When using a device such as that quoted in a>, there may appear a perceptible delay between the moment when the note is played by the instrumentalist and that o the analysis device actually determined the note 40 which is played ; moreover, when several notes are played simultaneously, one can fear interferences -2 from one string to another Finally, there may be phenomena of drift of the chord of the instrument, for

  reasons relating to the mechanical tensions of the ropes.

  When using a device such as that mentioned in b), the notes occupy, on the handle, the same positions as on the original instrument; but the way of playing the instrument is, in fact, different: an experienced instrumentalist is used to playing on strings, and the keys can not behave exactly like strings. In addition, an instrument & keys implies a certain mechanical fragility: only one broken key (about), and the instrument is unusable. When using a device such as that mentioned in c), a polyphonic game can not be played. taken into account in a satisfactory manner, and any ambiguities are removed by keeping, for example, only the most acute note defined on the neck of the stringed instrument. When a device such as the one mentioned in French is used. ), problems of contact and uneven wear of the fret segments 20 can be encountered when the instrumentalist plays by moving the strings laterally to cause the portamento effect; in a lateral displacement of the strings, a cord can be between two segments of fret without touching any; the insulating material between two segments can wear more or less quickly than said segments; metal dust

  may inadvertently contact two segments.

  The polyphonic fingering transformer according to the present invention has the advantages of the four methods mentioned above, without having the disadvantages mechanically, the instrumentalist can not see or feel any difference between a given string instrument and the

  same instrument equipped according to the present invention.

  The identification of the notes played is unambiguous for all six strings; the game can be polyphonic; the instrumentalist's game is converted so as to be able to control one or more other musical instruments, the said instruments being keyboardable. Moreover, the portamento and the amplitude expressed by the instrumentalist can be exploited in the polyphonic fingering transformer. for stringed instruments according to the present invention, said strings are used as electrical conductors having a non-zero electrical resistance. Electrical currents are injected into said strings. The strings constitute electrical resistances; therefore it appears, at a given point of a rope, a voltage that depends on the position of said point on said rope This is one of the phenomena that are used in the present invention to locate the positions of the fingers that press the strings to bringing the said strings into contact with the frets of the said stringed instrument The frets are used to measure tensions along the strings An analyzing device collects and analyzes information relating to the positions of the fingers of the instrumentalist and to various

  characteristics of the notes played; said analyzer transmits said information to a receiver device.

  Said receiver can act on a set of electro-actuators that act mechanically on the keyboard of a keyboard musical instrument. Said receiver can also act directly on the internal elements of an electronic musical instrument, when said instrument can be directly controlled by electrical signals, without the need to involve mechanical movements; this direct electrical control solution is more economical and reliable than the electromagnet method, and is particularly applicable to organs

  electronics and electronic music synthesizers.

  We give below a detailed description of how

  whose currents flowing in the ropes produce electrical potential variations along said ropes; We also explain how this analyzer uses the potentials of each fret to find what is the note that is played on each string, even if several strings are simultaneously at the same time.

  contact of any number of frets.

  FIG. 1 is an overall view of an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 2 and 3 show details (seen in section) of the anchorage points of a rope. FIG. 4 represents a detail of a Figure 5 is a general representation of the analyzer FIGS. 6 & 10 are diagrams of different parts of the analyzer FIG. 6 is a diagram of the control and analysis logic module The FIG. Figure 8 is a diagram of the voltage comparator module Figure 9 is a diagram of the analog-to-digital converter module (the terms "digital"

  or "digital" are used interchangeably in the present description to designate a digital signal) FIG. 10 is a diagram of the device

  for determining portamento and amplitude using an ordinary single-coil electromagnetic microphone FIGS. 11 and 12 are representations of voltages as a function of time, and allow the explanation of the operation of the device of FIG. FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the ropes, used to explain the electrical operation of the ropes exploration. FIGS. 14 and 7 show the circuit board located in the handle FIGS. 16 and 17 are flowcharts relating to FIG. Figure 18 is a general representation of the receiver Figures 19 to 27 are diagrams of the different parts of the receiver Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a simplified variant of the digital-to-analog converter module The figure shows a detail of Figure 19 Fig. 21 is a diagram of a receiver digital button circuit. Fig. 22 is a diagram of the control logic module of the receiver. Fig. 23 is a diagram of the electromagnet keyboard interface. Fig. 24 shows the electromagnets and details of Fig. 23 Fig. 25 is a diagram of the complete electric keyboard interface. A diagram of the digital-to-analog converter module. FIG. 27 shows a detail of FIG. 26. FIG. 28 is the flowchart of FIG.

  receiver At the end of the text of this description, the table

  1 is the program listing of the analyzer Table 2 is the listing

  The Table 3 is the list of the values of the resistors and capacitors used in the present description. Table 4 is a list of the types of diodes and transistors used

  in the present description We call "case" an integrated circuit chip, said chip being included in a plastic container or other We call "wire" any electrical wire We call "instrumentalist" the person who plays music using the present invention We call "target instrument" the musical instrument on

  which acts the receiver We call "source-instrument"

  the stringed musical instrument of which the instrumentalist plays.

  We use the word "conventional" or the word "conventional" to describe what is done according to the previous state of the art Electrical voltages are all given in relation to the mass When we say that a component or a wire is "connected to the voltage Y" means that it is connected to a point having the potential V In the logic circuits, we designate the logic high level by 10 "logic level high" or "level high" or "level i" ; we designate the low logical level as "low logic level" or "low level" or "level O u We say that a signal" is high "when it is at the logic high level, and we say that it" is low "when it is at the low logic level Lte 15 pinpointing of the circuit terminals, when said markings are indicated, refer to the documentation of the manufacturers of such circuits We call" frets "the raised bars on the sleeves of stringed musical instruments , said bars being intended to define the height of the notes played. We call "button nuirdque" a group of seven electrical switches allowing the player to define data that will be used by the analyzer We call "portament" the effect of continuous variation of the pitch of a note, effect produced by the instrumentality by varying the mechanical tension of a string, while the string produces a note. We write indifferently "portamentoc or" porta "We say that a string is" explored "when the analyzer sends current into said string and simultaneously studies the voltages present on the frets, for

  to know which note the player plays on the string.

  We say that a note is "in progress" when the analyzer

  considers that said note is played by the instrumentalist.

  Moreover, throughout this description, we

  3 o consider that the instrumentalist is right-handed, that is to say when he plays a guitar, he holds the pick in his right hand, and presses the strings, on the neck, with the left hand We denote by the RAM symbol the memory relative to a microprocessor In the program of calculation of the note, program which we call "CALCULATION NOTE", and in the comments relating to this -6 program, the word "bac" means "bac frets ";

  elsewhere, the word "tray" means "rope tray" A "tray of frets" is a group of adjacent frets on the handle.

  Two of these trays contain eight frets, the third contains seven frets and the pick A "chord tray" is a set of variables contained in the random access memory (RAM) of the analyzer, said variables representing, for a given string, the number of the current note, the values of the amplitude, the portamento and the seniority of the note, and the number of the note pending We use the notations in use in assembly language: the sign $ represents an address in hexadecimal , and the signs # *

  designate data in hexadecimal We call MSB the most significant bit in a byte We call LSB 15 the least significant bit in a byte Throughout this description, all electronic circuits whose

  the type reference starts with 74 are common components, available on the market, and manufactured in particular by the American company TEXAS INSTRUMENTS; example: the circuit 74 L 504 The documentation relating to these circuits is the book "The TTL Data Book" of said company, reference ISBN 0-904047-27-X When we quote the documentation of the company ROCKWELL, we refer to the following books "AIM 65 Microcomputer User's Guide", document number 29650 N 36; "R 6500 Microcomputer System Hardware Manual", document number 29650 N 31; "R 6500 Microcomputer System Programming Manual", document number 29650 N 30 When we quote the SYNERTEK documentation,

  we refer to the document "SYNERTEK 1981-1982 Data 30 Catalog".

  The polyphonic fingering transformer according to the present invention consists of all or part (depending on the nature of the instruments to be equipped) of the following set of elements: a source instrument equipped with frets, a pick, sensors and microphones; an analyzer; a transmission line from the analyzer to the receiver; a receiver; electromagnets or adaptive devices

  impedance (depending on the type of the target instrument).

  An embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1, as a whole, by way of illustration. For said embodiment, we have taken as a source-instrument a six-string guitar; the present invention applies in particular to any stringed instrument provided with electrically conductive frets (for example guitars, banjos, sitars, ouds, mandolins, etc.). FIG. 1 shows the guitar according to the present invention, with its body 1, its neck 2 provided with frets 3, 10 its strings 4, its string tension keys 5, its bridge 6, and the anchoring points 7 which anchor the strings 4 & the body 1 Each string is For each chord 4, an electrical wire $ connects the end of the chord, c o trestle, to an analyzer device 9: there are therefore six electrical son of this type, numbered from G 1 to $ 5 in FIG. for a six-string guitar) The co-bears have the numbers ST 1 to ST 6, in correspondence with the threads G 1 to G 6 The string designated by ST 1 is the one

  O-orresponds to the most serious sounds, and the edge of 20 by ST 6 is that which corresponds to the most acute sounds.

  The frets are numbered from F 1 to F 23, starting at F 1 for the fretty located at the top of the neck (near the keys of the string). The first fret 10 is the one which is closest to the keys. The saddle 10 is also referred to as "saddle". The saddle is a raised metal piece on which the ropes rest permanently. Each rope is housed in a transverse groove of the saddle. In the present

  description, we speak indifferently of "saddle" or "FI fret" For each fret 3, a wire Il

  connects said fret to the analyzer device 9 There are 23 son of this type (for a 23-fret guitar), numbered from Bl to B 23, and respectively connected to the frets Fl to F 23 The pick 12 is metallic, and connected by an electric wire 35 13, to the analyzer device 9 The wire 13 is designated by the reference B 24 The nut is connected to the analyzer by one of the son 11, the one referenced by B 1 Saedit saddle is also connected to the analyzer by a another wire 14 designated by the symbol B'1 The wire B'1 is intended to pass currents of the order of several amperes; the wires B1 to B23 are intended to pass currents of the milliampere order In the bridge, the material which is in contact with the strings is an electrically insulating material Similarly, in the anchoring points 7 of the strings 4, the material that is in contact with said ropes is electrically insulating, if the anchor points themselves are electrically connected to each other. If the anchor points are not electrically connected to each other (this depends on the guitar model), it is not necessary, in said anchor points, that the material in contact with the 10 strings is electrically insulating It is even more interesting then that the anchoring points are metallic 1 'introduction of electric current in the cords via the wires 8 can then advantageously be done via said anchor points, without it being necessary to connect a wire to each rope In any case, it must not there is There is no electrical connection, from one rope to another, which can pass through the bridge 6 or points 7 anchor This so that a current injected into a rope via one of the son 8 is obliged to travel 20 this alone rope before meeting the pick 12, a hoop 3, or the nut 10 The nut 10 and all the hoop 3 are metallic and each consisting of a single piece of metal The electrical son 8, 11, 13 and 14 are represented on the Figure 1 in such a way that they are easily identifiable; this, for purposes of illustration In reality, said sons are hidden to

  the inside of the neck 2 and the body 1 of the guitar.

  Other devices and electrical son, not shown in Figure 1, will be studied below; it's about; in particular, buttons available to the instrumentalist, and different sensors The analyzer 9, according to a process that we will study below, analyzes the game of the instrumentalist and transmits the results of his analysis, via the son 15, to a device 16 A or 16 B that we call "receiver" The son 15 also serve to supply the analyzer 9 from the receiver 16 A or 16 B The son 15 are numbered L 1 to L 8 The receiver 16 A is connected to the mains supply via a mains cable 17 and a mains plug 18; similarly for the receiver 16 B (said wire and said plug are not shown in FIG. 1 for the receiver 16 B) In FIG. 1, the receiver 16 A is part of a larger set 19 which we call "tapeur" Ce The tapeur is composed of a frame 20 constituting the body of the tapeur, a series of electromagnets 21, and the receiver 16 A. Said electromagnets have movable plunger cores Said electromagnets are of the "push" type, it is that is to say that a rod 22 integral with the plunger comes out of the electromagnet when a current flows through said electromagnet Said electromagnets are fixed in the frame 20 so that the rods 22 are 10 next to the keys 23 A of a target instrument 24 with a keyboard, such as a piano, an organ or a synthesizer For each electromagnet 21, one of the terminals of the coil, the terminal 27, is connected, via a from the wires 26 to the receiver 16 A. The wires 26 are numbered from E'1 to E'61 For each electro magnet, the other terminal of the coil, the terminal 26, is connected, via a wire common to all the electromagnets, to a point having a variable positive voltage, supplied by the receiver 16 A Said point is represented by the symbol "+" When the receiver 16 A applies a voltage of zero (relative to ground) on one of the wires 26, the electromagnet concerned is activated, its rod 22 leaves the electromagnet, and the key 23 A corresponding is pressed Each rod 22 is provided at its end keyboard side of a felt pad (not shown in Figure 1) 25 to avoid the impact noises against the keys 23 A. The tapper 19 is adjusted in height, using two knobs 28 and 29, which, via threaded rods 30 and 31, and movable supports 32 and 33, adjust the height of said tapper relative to the base 34 of the keyboard of the instrument 24, so that at rest (when no electromagnet is activated), the rods 2 2 are flush with the surface of the keys 23 A In each electromagnet 21, the rod is provided with a return spring which holds it in the retracted position when said electromagnet is not activated When the target instrument can be controlled directly by electrical signals, without the need to exert on said target instrument a mechanical action to define the pitch of a note, the receiver acts directly inside said target instrument This is the case especially when the target instrument is an electric keyboard instrument;

2551575 10

  thus, in FIG. 1, we see the receiver 16 B plac 2 at

  the interior of a target instrument 15 with an electric keyboard.

  The receiver 16 B differs from the receiver 16 A by the interface used vis-à-vis the target instrument; this point will be

  studied below, in the description of the receiver S

  23 B keys of the instrument 35 are mechanically connected to electrical switches Thus, the key 36 is connected, via a rod 37, to an electrical switch 38; when the key 36 is depressed, the switch 38 closes, and puts the wire E 1 in contact with the ground. The key 39 is shown for illustrative purposes. Each of the keys 23 B of the keyboard is respectively connected, of the same In this way, the key 36, to an electrical switch and to a wire numbered from E1 to E61. The wire E1 is connected to the analysis circuit 40 specific to the target instrument. The wire E1 is also connected to the receiver 16. data from the analyzer 9; said receiver produces, on the wires E1 to E61, voltages which simulate the

  closing switches such as switch 38.

  When the target instrument is capable of taking into account, for each note individually, information relating to amplitude and portamento, the receiver 16B sends analog electrical signals to the circuit; said signals represent magnitudes such as the amplitude and the portamento of the notes; said signals are carried by the wires Ni to N 128, and simulate, for the circuit 40, analog signals which come from the keyboard of the target instrument Part of the circuit 40 is constituted, for example, for the model electronic organ 30 OP 3 INTERCONTINENTAL brand, by SM 304 A keyboard exploration circuits, circuits performing the parallel conversion of the information relating to the switches 38 The SM 304 A circuit circuits are found in the model electronic organ CX 3 brand KORB When the target instrument can not take into account for each note individually the amplitude and the portamento, we use a simplified version of the receiver 16 B, a version that we will study below about figure 19 We study below the son signals E 1 to E 61 and Ni to 40 N 128 Other son go from the receiver 16 B to the circuit, and will be studied in Figures 21 and 25 The electric mass is common for the ana lyser 9, the receiver 16 A or 16 B, and for the target instrument When the target instrument can be controlled directly by electrical signals and has no key, the arrangement of the receiver shows the present invention. is the same as for the receiver 16 &, except that there is no keyboard in the target instrument Depending on the type of target instrument, the game can be made to

  possible simultaneously from the source instrumnt and from the target instrument.

  In FIG. 2 (sectional view along a plane parallel to the crimps 4 and perpen- dicular to the plane of the body 1), a detail is shown concerning the anchoring point of the rope STI L anchoring points of the strings ST 2 at ST 6 are ideal for 1 to the air of the rope ST 1 In-Figure 2 N dienge the ch Qea Z Qt 6, the rope STI, and the fmontant 41 dduit anchor point The Anchoring is effected from the cost of the rope. The rope STI passes through a hole 42 to the mast 41 and is intersected by a metal part 423 which is part of the rope as it is by the manufacturer of the rope On the amount 41 is fixed a captmir of the information 43 Said captezur is surrounded by a pocket: .4 flexible talliqua 44, destine to protect Radit captaur centers the 4 alc'trimagnétiques interferences provennt

  2 Including currents flowing in the ropes 4.

  The envelope 44 is surrounded by an electrically insulating flexible envelope 45 which isolates the envelope 44 from the anchor point 44. The post 41 has elasticity as it is when the player pulls the string (in laterally displacing it, for example), said post is sufficiently shaped so that the deformation can be detected by the signal sensor 43. The wires 46 connecting the sensor 43 to the analyzer 9 The other fivecords each have The yarns 46 are identified by the symbols J II and J'1 for the rope ST 1, J 2 and J'2 for the rope 3 T 2, etc., until J 6 and J 6 for the string ST 6 The wire 8 having the number Gi 1 connects the string ST 1 to the analyzer 9; said wire is fixed to the amount 41 of the anchor point of said rope, if said body is metallic and not electrically relibetable to the other anchor points (case of FIG. 2) If said cmrps is electrically connected to the other points of anchoring, we are

  in the case shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 3, it can be seen that the rope ST 1 is electrically isolated from the upright 41 of the anchoring point by means of a cylinder 47 of electrically insulating material, said cylinder being terminated by a rim 48 which prevents it from sliding along of the rope, and which contributes to ensure the electrical insulation between the rope ST 1 and the amount 41 of the anchor point The current brought by the wire 8 passes 10 in the rope via the metal washer 49, integral with the cylinder 47, then via the metal piece 42 B If the amount 41 is electrically insulating, the cylinder 47 is removed;

  the washer 49 is then secured to the body 41.

  We will describe Figure 4 on the occasion of the description of Figure 6.

  In FIG. 5, it can be seen that the analyzer 9 contains four main parts: the control and analysis logic module 50; the pulse generator module 51 for the ropes; The voltage comparator module 52;

  the analog-digital converter module 53.

  The logic module 50 coordinates the operations of the modules 51, 52, and 53. The module 50 triggers the sending of current pulses into the cords via the pulse generator module 51 for the strings. Said module 50 receives, via the module This module 50 also receives, via the analog-digital converter module 53, information relating to portamento, vibrato, amplitude, and to certain other types of voltage. analogous quantities such as volume, tone, etc. Said information comes from the sensors 54 and potentiometers 55 The module 50 analyzes all the information it receives, and develops messages that it sends to the receiver 16 A or 16 B Said messages contain all the information needed for the 16 A or 16 B receiver to control the target instrument according to the instrumentalist's wishes. The analyzer is fed, via the electrical wires 15, with direct current 40 supplying the following supply voltages (with respect to the ground): voltage VI (+ 8 volts) via the wire L 1,

2551575

  voltage V 2 (5 volts) via wire L 2, ground (O volt) via wire LS, voltage VCC (+ 5 volts) via wire L 4 The analyzer sends its output information in series on two wires: data output (LS wire), synchronization of the message (wire L 6) The guitar and equipped with one or more microphones 56 according to the prior art The wire L 7 and the wire LS are used to transmit to the receiver 16 A or 16 B the direct sound of the strings of the guitar, such that said sound is detected by the conventional microphone or microphones 56 Before entering the analyzer 9, the signal of the microphone 56 is amplified by a conventional amplifier not shown in FIGS. For clarity of the drawing After amplification, the signal of the microphone 56 arrives in a sampler-equator 57, then in a low-pass filter 58, cutoff frequency CO 15 Hz, slope 12 d B octave; a switch 59 pe 7 makes it possible to choose between the direct sound and the filtered sound When no current flows in the strings of the source-instrument, the circuit 57 is transparent The module 50, before injecting current into the strings by the module 51, acts on the input H of the circuit 57: the circuit 57 is then in "blocker" mode, and stores the analog voltage that was present at its input before the storage command is sent. Then, after having stopped the current in the strings, the module 50 sends the circuit 57 the order to become transparent again and the parasites created in the microphone 56 by the current pulses of the strings are in

  largely eliminated after passing through the circuit 570 The low pass filter 58 completes the elimination of said parasites.

  The settings 60 are the usual settings on a conventional electric guitar 30: volume, tone, etc. The settings 60 allow the instrumentalist to adjust the sound of the microphone or microphones 56 It is thus possible to play the electric guitar of traditionally, by obtaining analog signals at the output of one or more conventional microphones 56; it is also possible to play the guitar as a fingering transformer according to the present invention, or else by simultaneously combining the traditional game and the play in a fingering transformer. The wire LB is connected to the shielding of a coaxial cable whose core is connected to the wire 40 L 7 Said cable is contained in the general cord containing the wires L1 to L6 The signals of the wires L7 and L8

14 2551575

  are routed to the receiver 16A or 16B, and are available within said receiver We will now describe the four main parts 50, 51, 52 and 53 which

make up the analyzer 9.

  FIG. 6 gives a schematic representation of the control and analysis logic module 50. A microprocessor 61 of the 6502 type, available on the market, and manufactured in particular by the American companies MOS TECHNOLOGY and ROCKWELL; a peripheral circuit 62 of type 6522, available on the market, and manufactured in particular by the American companies MOS TECHNOLOGY and ROCKWELL; a type 2716 read-only memory 63, with a capacity of two kilobytes (it is a common electronic component manufactured in particular by the Japanese company N E C); a random access memory consisting of two circuits 64 A and 64 B, each type 2114, with a total capacity of one kilobyte (common component, manufactured in particular by the American company ROCKWELL); a decoder 65 from one channel to eight, circuit of the type

74 L 5138;

  a buffer circuit 66 for a data bus, type 74 L 5645 circuit; three inverter circuits 67A, 67B and 67C, included in a same type 74 L 504 box; a NAND gate 68, included in a 74 L 500 type casing; a circuit 69 of type NE 555, timer (current component, manufactured by TEXAS INSTRUMENTS); four interface circuits 70 A, 70 B, 70 C, 70 D, each of type 74 L 5373, enabling the microprocessor to read, via the data bus, the logic data present at the input of said circuits 70 A to 70 D. FIG. 6 also shows an oscillator 71, 35 operating at a frequency of 1 M Hz, and supplying a clock signal input to the circuit 61.

  that throughout the present description, the mass (O volt)

  is represented by the symbol 72, and the positive supply by the symbol VCC Some wires are equipped

  of labels in the figures of the present description A

  example of a label is given, for the wire P 7, by the

$ 2551 75

  symbols 73 and 74 In the present description, each

  The wire tag is used to designate both said wire and the electrical voltage that said wire carries. The address terminals A0 to A15 of the circuit 61 are respectively connected to the lines A0 to A515, said lines constituting the address bus relative to the microprocessor 61. The terminals D0 to D7 of FIG. 61 are respectively connected to the terminals B1 to B8 of the circuit 66. The terminals A 1 to AS of the circuit 66 are respectively connected to the lines D0 to D7, said lines constituting the bus of The output signal on the pin 1 (OUT) of the circuit 61 is inverted by the circuit 67 C and becomes the cadmium camplimsnt signal 32; said signal eol: 4 n # isaire e> st e nversâ by lé circauit 67 l and devEî-i 1 E sicnal c hor hor oge from the astum rmili to i croprcemetór 61 -adit s srgnal of hmrls 3 sc is Fàc 4 tt SL, 5 The burnz S of the circus Mut 6 is connected to the signal of amplification of the L 2 Ls b Pn Es of adreasse AO to M 9 circuits 64 A: and 60 M een 'cp.tv:mnent reli The terminals D 1 to P 4 of the circuit 64 B are reletively connected to the lines D0 to 1) 3 of the Gus des Jdon-59; the terminals D P1 to -4, of the circuit 4 are connected to the lines D 4 to D 7 of the bus L * nw; Addresses AO to A of the bus 63 respectively refer to the AO & AIO lines of the bus of the buses. The bushes DO AD 7 of the circuit 63 are respectively connected to the bus lugs D0 to D 7 of the bus. These arrangements of circuits 63, 64 A and 4 are conventional. The address lines of the circuits 63, 64 A and 64 ECO are not shown in FIG. 6, for the sake of clarity of the drawing. The circuit & 9 is connected in a conventional manner, to provide a low level pulse, when the switch 75 is closed. The DISCIHARGE terminal of the circuit 69 is connected to the voltage VCC via a resistor R 1 Said berne is connected to the ground via a capacitor C 1 Said terminal is connected to the THRESHOLD terminal The CONTROL VOLTAGE terminal of the circuit 69 is connected to the ground via a capacitor C 2 The RESET terminal of the circuit 69 is connected to the voltage VCC La 40 output OUT of the circuit 69 is connected to the input of the invertor The TRISSER terminal 69 of the circuit 69 is connected to the voltage VCC via a resistor R 2. The switch 75 has one terminal connected to ground, and the other terminal connected to the TRIGGER terminal of the circuit 69. Said switch is shunted by a capacitor C 3 At the comfortable time of the system, the circuit 69 produces a pulse at the low level, thus ensuring the function of resetting the system (RESET function). The output of the circuit 69 is inverted by the inverter 67 A, and becomes the reset signal, pulse applied to the entire system relating to the microprocessor 61. This arrangement is conventional, and described in the relative ROCKWELL documentation. to the device AIM 65 The decoder 65 uses in

  address input the three address bits A 12, A 13, and A 14 (respectively for the inputs A, B, and C of the circuit 65). The signal A 15 is applied to the input G 2 A of the circuit 65.

  The signal All is applied to the pin G 2 B of the circuit 65. The signal 2 is applied to the terminal G 1 of the circuit 65. The peripheral circuit 62 is enabled by All high and A 515 low (the lines A 1 and A 15 being respectively connected to the terminals C 51 and C 52 of the circuit 62) The read-only memory 63 is validated when A 15 is high and the clock is high, since the lines A 15 and t 2 are connected to the two inputs of the NAND gate 68, door whose output is connected to the terminal DE of the circuit 63 The random access memory 64 A and 64 B is enabled by the output YO of the decoder 65 The circuits 70 A, 70 B and 70 C receive on their inputs ID, 2 D, 3 D, 4 D, 5 D, 6 D, 7 D, and 8 D, the electrical signals from the voltage comparator module 52, via the wires H 1 to H 24 The wires Hi to HC are respectively connected to the terminals 1 D at 8 D of circuit 70A; the wires H 9 to H 16 are respectively connected to the terminals 1 D to 8 D of the circuit 70 B; the wires H 17 to H 24 are respectively connected to the terminals 1 D to 8 D of the circuit 70 C The circuits 70 A, 70 B and 70 C store said signals at the moment when the inputs EN of said circuits are set low. 70 A, 70 B and 70 C are designated as 1 Q, 2 Q, Q 30, 4 Q, 5 Q, 6 Q, 7 Q, and 8 Q These outputs are connected to the data bus. The OUTPUT CONTROL each of the circuits 70 A to 70 D is respectively connected to the output Y 1 to Y 4 of the decoder 65 The microprocessor 61 can read the contents of one of the circuits A, 708, 70 C, or 70 D, by applying a signal of low level on one of the outputs Y 1, Y 2, Y 3, or Y 4 of the decoder 65 The circuit 70 D, connected to the output Y 4 of the decoder 65, allows the microprocessor 61 to read the data provided by the switches electric devices that are available to

  the instrumentalist to define parameters relating to the operation of the source instrument and the analyzer.

  FIG. 4 shows one of said switches. FIG. 4 shows that the switch 76 puts the wire P1 either at ground or at the voltage VCC via the resistor R 3. The wire P 1 goes to the input 1 D of the circuit 700 Likewise, the other six switches such as the switch 76 are respectively 1N connected, via wires P 2 to P 7, to the inputs 2 D to 7 D of the circuit

  D The BD input of the circuit is unused, and connected to.

  In FIG. 6, in the peripheral circuit 62, the output PA0 is connected to the input EN of each of the circuits A to 700. Thus, said output PAO controls the transparency 20 of the circuits 70 A, 70 B, 70 C and 70 D, if said output PAO is at the high level When the output PAO is low, the storage is tripped 4e in the circuits 70A, 70B, 70C and 70D The outputs CB 1 and CB 2 of the circuit 62 respectively supply signals and synchronization messages 25 and sot '+ ie data for the transmission of said messages to the receiver 16 A or 163 of Figure 1 Said outputs CB 1 and CB 2 are respectivmment connected to the son L 6 and LS The signals of the pins P A1 to PA 7 and PBO AP 87 will be described in connection with the study of the other parts of the analyzer. The pins PA 2, PA 4, and PAS are unused The R / W output of microprocessor 61 is conventionally connected to memories 63, 64 A and 64 B, and to circuit 62 and FIG. DIR pin 66 of the buffer circuit The system clock signal f 2 is sent to the terminal f 2 of the circuit 62 The terminals C Al and CA 2 of the circuit 62 are not used, and are not connected to anything The IRQ terminal of the circuit 62 is not used; it is connected to the supply VCC via a resistor R 4 In the microprocessor 61, the terminals SYNC, i (OUT), NM I, IRQ and 40 ROY are not used the first two of said terminals are connected to nothing, and each of the three

25515-75

  latter mentioned is connected to the supply VCC via one of the resistors R 5 With regard to the power supply of the logic circuits, said circuits are all connected to the

  mass and VCC supply in a conventional manner.

  The positive power supply VCC arrives in the analyzer via the wire L 4 of FIG. 1 The operation of the microprocessor 61 is governed by a program residing in the read-only memory 63. We will study below the contents of said program, as well as the cartography of 1 The microprocessor address space 61 This mapping results from the physical arrangement of the different circuits that we

have just studied.

  FIG. 7 gives a schematic representation of the pulse generator module 51 for the strings. There are six cord impulse circuits, designated 77 A, 77 B, 77 C, 77 D, 77 E, and 77 F. Each of the circuits 77 B, 77 C, 77 D, 77 E, and 77 F is identical to the circuit 77 A Each of the circuits 77 A to 77 F is respectively connected to the wire PB 1 to PB 6 The supply voltage V 1 arrives at the input a resistance R 6 to the other terminal of R 6, the filtered supply voltage V 4 is obtained A capacitor C 4 is placed between the voltage V 4 and the ground. This configuration of the resistor R 6 and the capacitor C 4 prevents any excessive jolts back in the supply line which brings the voltage V 1 When it is desired that no current flows in the strings, the wires PBO to PB 6 are included at the high level When the we want to send a current in the string S Tu (or is an index worth 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6), we make sure that the wire PB O and the wire P Ru come simultaneously at the low level, the other wires (among the wires PB 1 to PB 6) remaining at the high level. Thus, for example, to send current into the string ST 4, one makes: PBO = O, PB 1 = 1, PB 2 = 1, PB 3 = 1, PB 4 O, PBS = 1, and PB 6 = 1 In the absence of a pulse, we have: PBO = PBI = PR 2 = PB 3 = PB 4 = PB 5 = PB 6 = 1 The PRO 35 wire is connected to the base of a transistor T 1 via a resistor R 7 The emitter of T 1 is connected to ground The collector of T 1 is connected to the voltage V 4 via a resistor R 8 The collector of T 1 is connected to the base of a transistor T 2 The collector of T 2 is connected to the voltage V 4 The emitter of T 2 40 is connected to ground via a resistor R 9 The transmitter of T 2 supplies the voltage V 3, which is distributed to the six circuits 77 A to 77 F via the wire V 3 When the wire PBO goes low, it no longer passes current in the resistor R 7; T 1 locks, T 2 becomes conductive, and voltage V 3 is positive When the wire PBO goes high, T 1 becomes conductive, T 2 hangs, and everything happens as if the emitter of the transistor T 2 The voltage V 4 is distributed to each of the circuits 77 A to 77 F via the wire V 4. FIG. 7 is a detailed diagram 78 of the circuit 77A. The wire PF Si is connected to the input 79 of the circuit 77A. The input 79 is connected to the base of a transistor T 6 via a resistor RIO. 79 is connected to the base of an ansistor T 5 via an Atatace R 11. The adhesive of T 5 15 is connected to the terminal V 3 The receiver of 73 and R Clie a the base of a transistors T 4 The zl tur of T 4 T t ralia the 1 voltage V 4 The lattice of T 4 is eii at the base of a transili TS The cletmtur of T & is connected to the ten 3; Icn V 4 via a resistor R 12; the collector of T 6 emt connected to the base of a transistrr T 7 via a r itanc RI 3 Lns to transmitters transistors Tî T 7, and T are connected to the nassea, the collector ie 7 is relil the voltage V 4 via a The T7 transmitter is rushed to the bottom of a transceiver. The transmitter of T is read to the anti-O The collector of TS is connected to the painted GO, which is Ii the output terminal of the circuit 77 A The collector T 5 also connected to the -orne de smrtie 80 When the point PB 1 is high, the current passing in the resistor R 1 O rnd T 6 conductive The transistor T 7 is latching, no current flowing in R 13 The b = s = of T 8 is at potential V 4, and T 8 is blocked i, while point PB 1 is at high level, point PBO is also at U Level high, T 2 is blocked, so T 4 and T 5 are locked (because the resistance R11 is large in front of R 9) As T 58 is then also blocked, the wire 51, so the rope STI, are électriquemen When the wire PB 1 is at the high level and the wire PBO goes low, the transistor T 2 is isolated from the circuit 77 A & '1 point location: said rope neither gives nor receives any current passing through the point 80 40 - provides, via its transmitter, a positive voltage V 3, and the transistors T 3, T 4 and T 5 are conductive The string ST 1 is then connected to ground via the transistor T 5 conductor The circuit 77 A can then " pumping "the current passing through the point 80, from the rope ST 1, if said rope can receive otherwise current; this is why we call the PBO wire signal "mass pumping authorization". When the PBO and PB 1 wires pass simultaneously at the low level, T 6 locks, T 7 is conductive, and T 8 is conductive; T 3, T 4 and T 5 are blocked because the PB 1 wire is at low level The string ST 1 is then connected to the positive voltage V 4 via the transistor T 8 conductor The circuit 77 A can then supply current to the rope ST 1, via the point, if the rope STI can flow this current otherwise the

  description and explanation of the operation of circuit 77 A also applies to circuits 77 B, 77 C, 77 D, 77 E, 15 and 77 F, each of which is identical to 77 A, and each of which is

  connected respectively to the strings ST 2, ST 3, ST 4, STS, and ST & via the respective wires 62 to 66 The wire V 3 is common to all the circuits 77 A, 77 B, 77 C, 77 D, 77 E, and 77 F In the present embodiment ,? the electrical resistances 20 constituted by the ropes 4 are the following (for a length of rope of 1 meter): 1 ohm (rope ST 1); 1.5 ohm (ST 2); 2 ohms (ST 3); 2.5 ohms (ST 4); 3 ohms (STS); 3.5 ohms (ST 6) We use ordinary strings available on the market For the proper functioning of the present invention, it is not necessary that the values of the resistances of the strings are equal to those which we use in the present mode. As a current is sent into a chord via its anchor point, said anchor point is at a voltage of 6 volts It is possible to construct a variant of the present pulse generator module, by inverting sense of the currents that run through the strings; it is also necessary to reverse the operating principle of the voltage comparator module 52. FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of the voltages comparator module. As will be seen below when studying the operation of the analyzer 9, it is necessary, at times, to compare the voltages of all the frets between them. (including the saddle), and 40 of the pick It is also necessary to determine, among said voltages, which is the highest It is the voltage comparator module 52 which makes the necessary comparisons of voltages FIG. 1 shows that the frets 3 , numbers FI to F 23, and mnediator 12 are connected to the analyzer 9 via son B1 to B 24; the ferrule F 1 is also connected to the analyzer via a wire B'1 The son B 1 to B 24 are used to measure voltages, and convey negligible currents in front of the currents flowing in the strings 4 and in the wire B ' In FIG. 8, it can be seen that the supply voltages V 1 and V 2 are filtered by the RIS cells CS and R 16 C. The supply voltages respectively become V'l and V 2 after filtering.

  module 52 voltage comparator contains 24 operational amplifiers (for a guitar of 23 frets), numbers from CT 1 to CT 24 There is an operational amplifier for each 15 fret (including the nut), and one for the pick 12.

  Said operational amplifiers are of the OP-27 type, and are manufactured in particular by the American company PRECISION NONOLITHICS. The positive inputs of said operational amplifiers can be protected against overvoltages coming from the frets, according to the prior art. Said operational amplifiers are powered by the supply voltages V'l and V'2 In FIG. 8 are shown only the operational amplifiers CT 1, CT 2, CT 23 and CT 24, relative

  respectively to the frets FI, F 2, and F 23, and mediatur.

  The operational amplifiers relating to the frets 2 to F 23 are each arranged identically to the amplifier relative to the ferret F1. The wire BI, coming from the ferrule F.sub.1, is connected to the voltage V.sub.2 via an resistor R.sub.17. ; the wire B 1 is also connected to the 4 nd non-inverting 82 of the operational amplifier CT 1, life lai resistance Ri 8 The output 83 of the operational amplifier CT 1 is connected to a terminal of a resistor R 19 ; the other terminal of R 19 is connected to the anode of a diode X 1; the cathode 35 of X 1 is connected to an electrical line 84 The inverting input 85 of the amplifier C-1 is connected to the line 84 The line 84 is connected, via a resistor R 20, to the voltage V'2 The output 83 is also connected to the cathode of a diode X 1 A. The anode of XIA is connected to the cathode 40 of a diode X 1 B The anode of X 1 B is connected to the cathode of an X diode 1 C The anode of X 1 C is connected to the input of a -22

  Schmitt trigger trigger TG 1 via a resistor R 21.

  Said trigger is part of a 74 L type casing.

  The anode of Xl C is also connected to the voltage VCC via a resistor R 75 The output of the trigger TG 1 is connected to the wire H 1, which goes to the logic control and analysis module The wire B'I of the Figure 1 is connected to ground via a resistor R 22 Each of the frets F 1 to F 23 is respectively connected, via its wire B1 to B 23, to a combination of circuits; said combination is identical to that which has just been described with respect to the band F 1; said combination also comprises an operational amplifier C Tk (ok is an index ranging from 1 to 23) identical to CT 1, resistors such as R 17, R 18, R 19, R 21, and R 75, and diodes such as X 1, X 1 A, X 1 B, and X 1 C; The inverting input of said amplifier C Tk is also connected to the common line 84; said common line interconnects all the inverting inputs of the operational amplifiers CT 1 to CT 24 In said combination, the output of the amplifier C Tk is also connected, via three diodes Xk A, Xk B, and Xk C, then via a resistor such as R 21, to a Schmitt trigger inverter

  T 1 k such that TG 1 The output of T Gk is connected to a wire Hk.

  The circuits relating to the frets F 2 and F 23 are shown in FIG. 8 to illustrate this similarity. Thus, for the circuit relating to the ferrule F 2, the resistors R 23, R 24, R 25, R 26, and R 76 are respectively identical, both in their values and their arrangements, to the resistors R 17, R 518, R 19, R 21, and R 75; similarly, the diode X 2 is identical to the diode X 1; likewise, the diodes X 2 A, X 2 B, and X 2 C are identical to the diodes X 1 A, X 1 B, and X 1 C; similarly, the circuit T 62 is identical to the circuit TG 1 Dashed 87 mean that the combinations not shown in Figure 8, for the frets F 3 to F 22, are identical to

  combinations shown for the frets F 1, F 2, and F 23.

  3 M The wire B 24 arrives, via the resistor R 27, to the non-inverting input 89 of the operational amplifier CT 24 Resistors R 28, R 29, R 30, and R 77 are respectively identical, both from the point from the point of view of their arrangement than that of their role, to the resistors R 17, R 19, R 21, and R 75; Likewise, a diode X 3 is identical to the diode X 1; likewise, the output 91 of the circuit CT 24 is connected, via three

2551575.

  diodes in series X 24 A, X 24 B, and X 24 C, then via resistor R: O, at the input of a TG Schmitt trigger inverter; the output of said trigger is connected to the wire H 24 In addition, the non-inverting input S 89 of the operational amplifier CT 24 is connected to the collector of a transistor T 9 whose emitter is connected to the voltage V'2 The PAI wire, coming from the circuit 62, is connected, via a resistor R 31, to the base of a transistor T 10 The collector of T 10 is connected to the voltage V'i via a resistor R 352 The emitter of T 10 is connected to the anode of an X diode 4 The cathode of X 4 is connected to the anode of an XM diode The X 5 cathode is connected to the base of a Tll transistor The base of Tll and connects The transmitter of T11 is connected to the ground The collector of T11 is connected to the voltage 3 N V'2 via a resistor R 34 Said collector and

  it is also connected to the base of T 9 via a resistor R 13.

  When the transistor T 9 is blocked, the transmitter CT 24 of the transmitter responds to the circuits CT 1 to CT 23 of the stations Mai S when it is part of the circuit CT 24 e at its S 91 niyau nearest V'2 than the circui 'CT 4 eoi% capable of P rduî-; and this, whatever the tersion {between V i at V'2) presents on the e12iat12 MN-us call this negative voltage extrtmne that suti frodu the impéra ¬ erator péra-tional: "butée negati vs. 25 The state of the transistor T 9 is controlled by the output PA 1 of the circuit-2, in the following manner, when P Al is high (at least 2.4 volts), the transistor T 1 O 4 is emitted, a voltage at least equal to 11, volt, there is a positive voltage donic based on Tll, so Tll O is blaquà, and the transistor T 9, thanks to the resistance P 34, -t blocked, everything happens then, as if the collector of T 9 is not connected to the input 89 of the CT circuit 240 But when PA 1 is at the low level (0.4 volts at most), the TIO generator is at a negative or zero voltage, and the base of T It is at a negative voltage whose absolute value is at least 0.8 volts, so Tii is conductive, and T 9 is conductive, so whatever the voltage is In conclusion, it can be seen that the action of the pick is inhibited when P Al is at the low level, and when the action of the pick is normal when P Al is on the wire B 24. is at nivemu ap el T Jos el anb allaq Uo TS Ua; at V 4 a 4, ua at Tpel -91 Jab 16 Ti np ai 4 ua, 1 suep 4 ueino D al ak Twil T; Z asu ssij el Ot 'a ^ T; e Eiu a 4 nq ua; sa 113 4 Tnz = J $ al anbs Jol: salqeua Auom suo Tsua; sap V 191 Ja b Ji-4 np aei; ual Jauaw T Te, p 34 awiad uo T 4 elsuej a B; T Pe-I 'ú; a 1 J 4 os el Ans asuas 9 p Jd uo Tsua; The TS Ue J has an anal ++ a Tnb -Tk Tsods Tp a Tsu Te uan 4 T; suoz * L? ú a Due: ST Se J el Da ^ e 4 Uawa Bu T Or UO 3 '3 TX l Ba & s TX & VTX sapolp s To i 5 S'lOz z V a Jnaf T Jdns: TOS 3 DX ap apou I Jns UOTS Ua el & I: Ao ^ te O e a-Jfadi-jdns: sa ú 8 a T: Jos-js Jrn, S ua: el anbs Jol 'anb a; jos ua a J Te * ap; his Di X a' 0 TX & VIX sapoap sap e TQJ al -61 'azues Ts PJ el s Ja ^ ea; Va TI X a PO Tp el s Ja J; V uosua: 4 ap sa Bnq L sap equaw ne O: 'B 8 Ua FTI el ap la: F Ua Bod ne lebg S Ut UW ne + T: t Tsod Tat; ua: od a 4 sa TL 3 J-na: 4 and TF Th Iduel ap ú 8 a T-Jos el 'aldwaxa ai 4 ou suea -asnas Ja AUT UQU ae J: ual ap Tni Te V Jna TJ In the T: ua 4 od a ea Bjod a Ano; as esna S Ja'u T a BJ Ptua, & s-na: e Dzt Tldwe s: Tpsap unzeym inod Jez 'a ^ T Iebgu anq 52 ua JTU Ba a T oops ap UOTS Ua B Anal 4 ueto ^ sa U aj ^ sep suo Tsua; Sep Jna Ie edwol np sl Ta UU Ot; e Japdo snaae = T Tl Cdw Ue her Bne sae 'Z 8a, -ua, ap allaz r ae Te uo Tsua 4 aun aua Jd t 8aubtl el arb allta, uo Tsua B a e assed j 3 Jna 4 e = T + T Tdwe, -l apat; jos el: 1 E oub Ti el ap uo Tsua el ea Jna TJàdns uoisua; Oz au TA TA-a Jf el V anbl Idde uo 's Jtllt Te Jed salebp sasoyz sa; no; 'anb; ueua; uzew suosoddns' a ^ T; 6 ebu asanq ua; its T 13 emm 4 e = + Tldwu, ap ú 8 to T Jos el: t B aub el el t u usua; el ainl T I: + u T 4 T Os TA a B:; aj + el Ans uo Tsua; 4-year-old-year-old women at 4 years of age; el Jass Teq to J Te + 'IX apo Tp e T ap asne: V' sed: nad to TI 3 Jmalet + v Tdw T t ae u 3 "Z 8 asnas Ja u u T uou a Bjua uos Ans uotsua and r alte U, no a Jina Tipdns TOS 58 Asnas Ja ^ UT at Tj; ua uos ts UO TSUB; e I anb am vae Tuew ap 4 Tbe T 13 UUOT: eado Jnae '** Cdwe,' Jo: e Tppw OT al Jnod in his Ba, J, does not sap auneym Jinod ae Bmw a B (-assew el V; aoddej Aed + T; T Sod; his Fnb la T; ua; od a V assed aasj- + a;: Tpe T '; uernom an oed ani Jnojed, his ap Ao a B Tpet anb 4 a 'ap Jo aun eqno 4 Z_l aa 4 J + el anbs Joia ia; Tn 6 el ap ap Joa aunone ay Dno 4 to Tr nbsjo T am Tp-V his, D ', J Tel S ue his S> 13 V uepuodsa jo ja Jo 4 erpw to T no a 4: a A el elbbs Jol a ^ T; e 5 UOT Sua aun el -Ts TL: the BUUOT e Jpdo na:; e T: + Tidwe 4 no; ap asnas Ja In T ai Jua, the anb a; jos ua a F T ap ap; its 8 ZY '' ZJ '& LIT anb saa sazue 4 s Ts J sap se Tp ai' -'neq t S

SZS SSB

  TG 1 is high When CT 1 is, among the circuits CT 1 to CT 24, the one whose non-inverting input is at the highest potential, the output 83 is at a voltage greater than 0.4 volts, because the input 82 is at a positive voltage, and a current of at least 0.5 m A flows in diode X 1; the output of the circuit TG 1 is then at the low level It is thus seen that, if the voltages of the frets and the pick are separated from each other, two by two, by at least twice the input offset voltage of the operational amplifiers CT 1 at CT 24, then only one of said amplifiers has its output voltage greater than or equal to the voltage corresponding to the logic low level at the output of the Schmitt trigger relative to said amplifiers, all the other amplifiers have their output in negative stop, and therefore their trigger of Schmitt outputs a logic high level The Schmitt trigger whose output is low is the one associated with the amplifier whose non-inverting input is at the highest potential of all the non-inverting inputs of said operational amplifiers. is therefore in the presence of a device that compares them

  all the tensions of the frets and the tension of the mediator;

  When the pick is inhibited (i.e. when P A1 is at the low locus level), said device indicates which hoop is at the highest potential. When the pick is not inhibited, said device indicates if the pick has a higher tension than all the frets, and, if it is not, indicates the fret which is at

  highest potential The microprocessor 61 of FIG. 6 accesses this information via wires H 1 to H 24.

  In Figure 9, we see a schematic representation of the analog-digital converter module 53; sensors and potentiometers which provide analog voltages which are taken into account by said module are also shown. Said module contains the following circuits: sixteen addressable memory flip-flops, grouped into two 74 and L 5259 type shifters 92 and 93; three operational amplifiers 94, 95 and 96, each of type A 741 (manufactured in particular by TEXAS 40 INSTRUMENTS); a voltage controlled oscillator 97, of the type

_ 2551575

74 L 5624;

  two bit counters 98 and 99 with four bits each, of type 74 L 593; an interface circuit 100 of type 74 L 5373; a monostable 101, of the 74 L 5121 type; three NAND circuits 102, 103 and 104, grouped into a 74 L 500 type box;

  an eight-input NAND circuit 105 of type 74 L 530; four inverters 106, 107, 108 and 109, grouped together in a 74 L 504 box.

  The converter module 53 accepts as input the analog voltages denoted M 1, M 2, M 16 in FIG. 9. Said module converts the voltages Mt (t is an index varying from 1 to 16) into hexadecimal numbers & eight bits, and sends said numbers to the microprocessor 61 The resistor R 36 has two terminals: the terminal 110 which receives the voltage M 1, and the terminal 111, which is connected to the anode of the diode X 6 The cathode of said diode is connected to the QO O output of the circuit 92, the anode of the X6 diode is connected to the anode of the X 7 diode; the cathode of X 7 is connected to a line 112. Similarly, the point 113 which receives the voltage M 2 is connected to the output Q 1 of the circuit 92 and to the line 112 via a network consisting of a resistor R 37 and two X 8 and X 9 diodes; said network is identical to the network formed by the resistor R 36 and the diodes X 6 and X 7 Similarly, each of the points which receives a voltage Mt is in correspondence, on the one hand with an output Qr of one of the two circuits 92 or 93, and on the other hand, with the line 112 (r is an index varying from 1 to 8) Said correspondence is, for each of the voltages Mt, via a network identical to the network constituted, for the voltage Ml, by the resistor R 36 and the diodes X 6 and X 7. In FIG.

  networks relating to the voltages M 1, M 2, M 8, M 9, M 10 and M 16.

  The dashed lines as 114 indicate that the structure shown for the voltages M 1 and M 2 is repeated for the voltages M 3-to M 16. The voltages M 1 to M 8 are in correspondence, respectively, with the outputs Q 0 to Q 7 of the The voltages M 9 to M 16 are in correspondence, respectively, with the outputs Q0 to Q 7 of the circuit 93. The enable input G of the circuit 92 is connected to the output of the circuit 102; one of the two inputs of the circuit 102 is connected to the output of the inverter 106; the other entrance of the

  circuit 102 is connected to the output of the inverter 107.

  The input G of the circuit 93 is connected to the output of the circuit 103. One of the inputs of the circuit 103 is connected to the output 5 of the circuit 106; the other input of the circuit 103 is connected to the output of the inverter 108 L input of the circuit 108 is connected to the output of the circuit 107 The input of the circuit 107 is connected to the address line number AO 10 of the microprocessor 61 The input of the circuit 106 is connected to the output Y 6 t of the circuit 65. The inputs D of the circuits 92 and 93 are read together, and are connected to the line D0 of the bus d 1 S data of the microprocessor 61. CLEAR of the circuit 92 t connected to the voltage VCC via a resistance R 38 the CLEAFR input of the circuit 93 is connected to the terminal MCC vl ai 5 a -sistance R 9 These entr A, B and C 92 of the circuit Ert rspec it is connected to the bus 4 A _A 6 of the bus, and to the address 61 of the circuit 61; The lines A, B and C of the circuit 93 are relatively connected to the links A 7, A 8 and A 9 of the lines of the circuit 61. The line 112 is connected to the inverting input. The fragment of the circuit 94 is connected to said inverted input via a resistor R 40. The non-inverting input of the circt 94 is connected to the cathode of a diode X O ; Iadite Between the nverseuse is au-7; i connected to the anode of a diode X 1 tooth 2 = the cathode is relive to the anode of a diode X 12 o The cathd of X 12 is connected to ground The anode of the diode XIO St connects This anode is also connected, via the wire V 6, to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier I 96. The output of the circuit 94 is connected via a resistor R 42 to the input. The inverter non-inverting of the circuit 95 is connected to the cathode of the diode XII The inverting input of the circuit 95 is connected to the output of said circuit via a resistor R 43 The output of the circuit 95 is connected to the FREQ CONTROL input of the circuit 97 via a resistor R 49 The terminals CX 1 and CX 2 of the circuit 97 are connected to each other via a capacitor C 7 The RANGE terminal of the circuit 97 is connected to the voltage VCC via a Resistor R 44 The output Z OUTPUT of the circuit 97 is connected to the input INPUT A of the circuit 98. EN of the circuit 97 is connected to the output of the circuit 104.

28 2551575

  -circuit 104 is connected to the output of the circuit 105; other circuit 104 is connected to the output of circuit 105; the other input of the circuit 104 is connected to the output Q of the circuit 101 The eight inputs of the circuit 105 are connected

  respectively at the inputs 1D, 2D ,, 8D of the circuit 100.

  The output QA of the circuit 98 is connected to the input INPUT B of said circuit The outputs QA, QB, QC and QD of the circuit 98 are respectively connected to the inputs 1D, 2D, 3D and 4D of the circuit 100 The output QD of the circuit 98 is connected to the input INPUT A of the circuit 99 The output QA of the circuit 99 10 is connected to the input INPUT B of said circuit The outputs QA, QB, QC and QD of the circuit 99 are respectively connected to the inputs D The RO inputs (2) of the circuits 98 and 99 are connected to the voltage VCC'via respective resistors R 45 and R 46. The output PA 3 of the circuit 62, output which produces the analog-to-digital conversion request is connected to the input O <1) of the circuit 98 and to the input RO (1) of the circuit 99 The outputs 1 Q, 2 Q ,, 8 Q of the circuit 100 are respectively connected to the lines D0, D1, D7 of the microprocessor data bus 61 The output Q of the circuit 101 is connected to the input PB 7 of the circuit 62 The output PAZ of the circuit 62 is connected to the input of the inverter 109 The output of said inverter is connected to the input B of the circuit 101 The inputs A 1 and A 2 of the circuit 101 are connected to ground The terminal Cext of the circuit 101 is connected to the terminal Rext / Cext of said circuit via the capacitor C 8 The terminal Rext / Cext of said circuit is connected to the voltage VCC via a resistor R 47 The OUTPUT CONTROL input of the circuit 100 is connected to the output Y 7 of the circuit 65 L ' The input EN of the circuit 100 is connected to the voltage VCC via a resistor R 48. In FIG. 9, the sensors K P1 to KP 6, which pick up, on each respective string ST 1 to ST 6, physical quantities representing the values of Each of the said sensors is a sensor such as the sensor 43 of FIG. 2. The sensors K A1 to KA 6, which for each respective string STI to ST 6 respectively, record physical quantities representing the amplitude values (ie volume ) For the portamento, the physical quantity we use is the mechanical tension of the strings, and the K P1 to KP 6 sensors are displacement sensors (see Figures 2 and 3).

29 22551575

  amplitude, we use a guitar pickup with six independent coils; each of the windings constitutes one of the sensors KA 1 to KA 6 The sensors K P1 to KP 6 send their signals, respectively, in conventional amplifiers AM P1 to AMP 6, adapted to said sensors, and

  each outputting a DC voltage according to the mechanical tension of the corresponding string.

  Said DC voltage varies between 2.8 and 6.3 volts when the mechanical tension of the cords varies between its possible extreme values. The amplifiers AM P1 to AMP 6 send their output signals, respectively, via the wires M 1 to M 6, to the converter module 53 The sensors KA 1 to K An send their signals, respectively, in circuits AMP 7 to AMP 12; each of said circuits is constituted by a conventional amplifier followed by an RMS detector. Said circuits send their output signals to the module 53 via the respective wires M 7 to M 12. Said circuits have output voltages varying between 2.8 and 6.3 volts when the amplitude varies between its possible extreme values The instrumentalist has at its disposal four potentiometers RV 1 to RV 4, which we call each "analog button" Each of said potentiometers is connected, at one end, to the voltage V'l, and at the other end, at the output of the circuit 96 The sliders RVI potentiometers RV RV4 are respectively connected to the son M 13 to Mi & The output of the circuit 96 is connected to the inverting input of said circuit We will now study the operation of the analog-digital conversion module 53 The outputs of the

  circuits 92 and 93 are generally all low.

  When the microprocessor 61 wants to request a digital-to-digital conversion on the voltage Mt (t is an index varying from 1 to 16), it starts by setting high one of the outputs of the circuit 92 or one of the outputs of the circuit 93, the output and high level being that which corresponds to the analog voltage Mt that the microprocessor wants to convert to digital Suppose the voltage Mt is the voltage M 1 The line 112 is maintained at a potential of 1.2 volts by the circuit 94, which causes its inverting input to be at the same potential as its non-inverting input, which is connected to a fixed potential of 1.2 volts, given the arrangement

  The point 111 is therefore at a potential of 1.8 volts, which is lower than that of the output QO, which is at the logic high level.

  Thus, the diode X 6 is blocked, and if the point 111 is at a voltage higher than 1.8 volts, a current proportional to (M 1 1.8 volts) flows through the resistor R 36. Said current

  produces the appearance of a voltage at the output of the circuit 94.

  Said voltage is transformed by the circuit 95, such that a voltage ranging from 0 volts to 6 volts is obtained at the input FREQ CONTRClL of the circuit 97, when the voltage M 1 varies from 1.8 to As a result, the oscillation frequency of the circuit 97 is an increasing linear function of M 1, when M 1 is greater than 3 volts. In the present embodiment, said oscillation frequency varies between 100 kHz and 1. M Hz when the voltage M 1 varies between 3 and 7 volts To trigger an analog-digital conversion, the microprocessor sends a

  high level pulse on the PAZ output of circuit 62.

  Said pulse resets counters 98 and 99, and triggers monostable 101. Said monostable then produces a positive pulse at its output Q, said positive pulse allowing oscillator 97 to transmit its output signal to counter 98. output of the monostable 101 has a constant duration, equal to 200 microseconds The number of pulses counted by the counters 98 and 99 'is therefore proportional to the oscillation frequency of the circuit 97 If said frequency is too high, there comes a time o before the end of the positive pulse at the output of the monostable 101, all the outputs of the counters 98 and 99 are high; the role of the circuit is to stop the count at this time, in order to prevent the counters from starting from scratch The explanation that we have just given for the conversion of the voltage M 1 applies in a similar way to the voltages M 2 to M 16. The output pulse of the monostable 101 is also routed to the PB input 7 of the circuit 62; said pulse makes it possible to know if an analog-digital conversion is in progress: if the terminal PB 7 is at the high level, it is because a conversion is in progress; otherwise, there is no conversion in progress. The circuit 61 accesses the outputs of the counters 98 and 99 via the interface circuit 100. Given the hardware arrangement of the components of the module 53, a set addresses corresponding to the sixteen analogue channels of the converter is given in the list of

  analyzer program (see Table 1).

  Figure 10 is a diagram of a device for determining the portamento <on each string) and the overall amplitude (on all of the strings) using a single single-coil ordinary electromagnetic micro-IISA Said microphone is connected to the input of a conventional microphone amplifier 115 B. Said device is a variant of the combination constituted by the sensors K P1 to KP 6, the sensors KA 1 to KA 6, and the circuits AM P1 to AMP 12 of Figure E The microphone 115 A is placed conventionally between the bridge 6 and the -frette F 23; said microphone is placed between the body 1 and the ropes 4; said microphone is parallel to the band F 23. FIG. 10 shows, on the one hand, six sample-and-hold devices SH 1 to SH 6 O and, on the other hand, a sample-and-hold device SH 7. For each of the said sample devices, we denote by H the input which is to control the menorisation of said samplers, when the input on said input is at the low level For each of said samplers, we denote by IN the analog input The input H of each of the samplers SH 1 at 25 SH 6 is respectively connected to one of the wires PB 1 to PB 6 coming from the circuit 62 The input IN of each of the samplers SH 1 to SH 6 is connected to the output of a high-pass filter FH whose frequency The output of the circuit SH 1 is connected to the input of a low-pass filter FB 1, with a cut-off frequency of 4 Hz, a slope of 10 k Hz, and a slope of 12 dB per octave. 12 d B per octave The role of the circuit FB 1 is to provide on the output, on the wire M 1, a signal m In the same way, the circuits SH 2 to SH 6, identical to the circuit SHI, 35 are connected to filters FB 2 to FB 6, identical to the filter FB 1. The outputs of FIGS. filters FP 2 to FB 6 are respectively

connected to the wires M 2 to M 6.

  FIG. 11 shows the appearance, as a function of time, of the voltage VN at the output of the filter FH. The micro IISA captures the electromagnetic field variations caused by the currents circulating in the strings. Thus, it is seen that,

32 2551575

  whenever current flows in the strings of the source instrument, a peak of voltage PK 1, PK 2, PK 6, positive or negative, appears during the pulses

  sent respectively into the strings ST 1, ST 2 ,, ST 6.

  In addition, the amplitude of said peak depends on the position, relative to the microphone 115 A, of the cord corresponding to said peak. In the present embodiment, the peaks last 35 microseconds, and are spaced from each other by an average of 300 microseconds. When the instrumentalist does not touch any string, the maximum voltage reached by the peak of the STS string, for example, is VSH But when the instrumentalist moves the string ST 5 to the string STI, the voltage VSH decreases and becomes VSB (see Figure 12) The sample-and-hold device SHS, relating to the string STS, is set to memorisation mode ("blocker" mode) by the

  microprocessor 61 during the peak relative to said chord.

  When said chord vibrates (when the instrumentalist plays with the pick), it is superimposed on the curve of FIG. 11, a curve having the appearance of a sinusoid Lu r Ole of the circuit FH is to eliminate this sinusoidal component, for keep only the high-frequency component, ie the peaks, which represent the movement of the rope with respect to its mean rest position, and therefore provide an indication of the portamento value desired by 2 the Instrumentist The output of the amplifier 115 B is also connected to the input IN of the sample-and-hold circuit SH 7 The input H of the circuit SH 7 is connected to the wire PA 6 which comes from the circuit 62 The output of the circuit SH 7 is connected to the input of a low-pass filter FB 7, whose cut-off frequency is 2000 Hz, and whose slope is 12 d B per octave. The output of the filter FB 7 is connected to the input d an effective value detector circuit 116 designated by the symbol RMS The output of the circuit 116 e It is connected to each of the wires M 7 to M 12. Before sending power to the cords, the microprocessor 61 sets the P wire 46 low; after the end of the current pulse in the strings,

  said microprocessor resets PA wire 6 high.

  Thus, at the output of the circuit SH 7, an analog signal is obtained where the peaks caused by the current pulses in the strings are largely eliminated. The filter FB 7 completes the elimination of said peaks. The circuit 116 consequently provides, as output , an indication of the value of the amplitude desired by the instrumentalist, amplitude evaluated on all six strings 4 The output of the filter FB 7 is also connected to a wire LL 7, which therefore carries the electrical signal of the microphone 11 SA, signal cleared of the noise caused by the current pulses sent into the ropes 4 by the module 51 The LL wire 7 goes to the switch 59 of FIG. 5, the filter FB 7 constituting a particular case of the filter 58 of FIG. For the implementation of the variant described with reference to FIGS. 10, 11 and 12, it is necessary to ensure that the outputs of the circuits AM P1 to AMP 12 of FIG. 9 are no longer connected to the wires M 1 to M 12 An advantage of the variant according to the Figure 10, in addition to the component economy, is that the analyzer 9 can, when the instrumentist moves the strings to produce the portamento, distinguish between a movement of the strings to

  the bass strings or the sharp strings.

  FIG. 13 represents a schematic view of the six strings ST 1 to ST 6 of the guitar, with the saddle F 1 and the frets F 2 to F 23. The nut F 1 is connected to the ground via the resistor R 22 A 1. Using Figure 13, we will see how the currents sent into the strings 4 by the analyzer 9 are used to determine which strings are in contact with which frets The following explanation is based on the string ST 1; the same explanation applies to each of the strings ST 2 to ST 6. In the present explanation, it can be considered that the currents flowing in the wires B 1 to B 24 are negligible compared to the currents flowing in the strings 4, in the strands G 1 at G 6, and in the wire B'1; The son Bl & B 24 are used to measure the potentials of the frets and the pick; the wires 51 to G 6 and the wire B'I serve to convey currents strong enough to cause measurable variations of potential along the strings. In FIG. 13, the arrows on the strings ST 1, ST 4 and ST 5 indicate the currents in the strings The currents in the strings ST 2, ST: and ST 6 are not represented The analyzer 9 sends, with the aid of the module 51, a current in the string ST 1. 40 Ledit current is injected into the string ST 1 via the wire G 1, at the anchor point 7 A of the string ST 1 To do this, said module 51 uses one of the electronic switches 117, which puts the wire 81 to the voltage V 4 As we saw during the study of the module 51, each of the other cords is then grounded at its anchor point, via one of the electronic switches 117. Each switch 117 is constituted, in the present realization,

  by a circuit such as circuit 77A (see Figure 7).

  Suppose, for the moment, that the pick is inhibited. If the instrumentalist does not put the string ST 1 in contact with a hoop other than the saddle, the current injected into said string via its anchor goes to 'to the mass passing through the saddle, and continuing on the one hand via the wire B'1, and on the other hand via the other five strings It is then the saddle, or fret F 1, which is, among the 15 frets and the pick at the highest potential If the instrumentalist only presses the string ST 1, to bring it into contact with the frets F 7 and F 9, for example, we will say that the frets F 7 and F 9 are "activated" by the string ST 1. This activation is shown in FIG. 13 by circles such as the circles 118. If the frets F 7 and F 9 are activated, the ring F 9 is at a given position. higher potential than the ferrule F 7, since the ferrule F 9 is closer to the anchoring point 7 A of the string ST 1, and that the current arrives in said string in p by the anchor If the instrumentalist additionally presses the string ST 4 to contact the frets F 9 and F 10, and if he also presses the string ST 5, to put the STS in contact with the ferrule F 10, the ferrule F 9 is still at a higher potential than the ferrules F 7 and F 10: in fact, the current flowing through the rope STI comes from the anchoring point 7 A of the The voltage present at a point of ST 1 only decreases as one travels ST 1 away from the anchoring point 7 A of ST 1 From the first fret which is in contact with 35 ST 1 (that is to say F 9, in the present example), if we move to another band, staying on the string ST 1, we see the potential to decrypt If the we move to another string, such as the string ST 4, passing through the band F 9, the potential does not practically decreases as we move on F 9 (because the band has a resistance that one can consider here as null); if, once the year is r the orde in 2551575 one is on the string ST 4, one moves while remaining on said string ST 4, the potential décott, that one goes towards the saddle or towards the anchor point 7 D of the rope ST 4 Indeed, both the nut and the anchor point of ST 4 are connected to the mass So the hoop F 10, in contact with ST 4, has a lower potential than the frette F 9 In conclusion, when we leave the fret F 9, the potential can only shrink, because we are moving away from the current source (the anchor point of ST 1), and we have approach to the mass. 10 In all cases, when moving on STI starting from the anchoring point 7 A of ST 1 and going towards the nut Fl, it is the first fret that is encountered in contact with ST 1 which is the fret whose potential is greater than the potential of all the other frets Gold, said first fret is the fret from which the natural vibration of the chord STI occurs when we play the guitar in a conventional manner. fret is the fret that determines the note that must be issued by the guitar when the string ST 1 is put in vibration by the instrumentalist Finally, we see that it is thanks to the sending of a current in the rope STI, and thanks to the observation of the potential drop created in the string ST 1 by the electrical resistance of said string, that the fret 25 which is in contact with STI and the closest to the point d can be determined directly. STI's roots The reasoning we have just explained for the string ST 1 also applies to the pulses of

  current that the analyzer sends in the strings ST 2 to ST 6.

  Only one string at a time receives a pulse of current from the analyzer, the other strings being grounded via their anchor points. The process just described allows the analyzer to determine for each rope, what is the first hoop that is in contact with said rope when one traverses said rope 35 from its anchor point, and this, even if several ropes any are simultaneously in contact with any number of frets The analyzer can also

  determine if the pick touches a string, and which one.

  To do this, the analyzer ensures that the pick is not inhibited, and it treats the pick as if it were a twenty-fourth fret If the pick touches the string ST 1, for example, the potential said pick is greater than the potentials of all the frets, when a current pulse is sent in the string S Ti via its anchor point 7A. But if the current pulse is sent into the string ST 2, for example, the potential of the pick, in contact with the string ST 1, is in any case lower than the potential of the first band in contact with the string ST 2 when one traverses ST 2 from the anchor point 7 B of ST 2; this is even worth 10 if said first hoop is the saddle, that is to say if the rope ST 2 is "empty" The role of the resistor R 22 is to ensure that the nut is never at a voltage zero, so that current can go from the nut to the strings whose anchor points are grounded, to avoid ambiguities in the determination of the frets that define the pitch of the notes played We will describe below how the analyzer 9 determines all the information it needs to know which are the notes that the instrumentalist wants to play, that the game of said instrumentalist is monodic or polyphonic The converter module 53 allows the microprocessor to access digital data representing the analog electrical signals provided by, inter alia, the sensors 43 The analyzer can thus know the force of mechanical tension of the strings of the guitar, and thereby know the value of the vibrator. rato or portamento wanted by the instrumentalist The vibrato and the portamento are indeed related to the variations of mechanical tension of the strings; The instrumentalist produces said variations by pressing more or less strongly on the strings, or by moving them away from their average position. The analog-digital converter module 53 also allows the microprocessor to access the value of the amplitude of the vibration of the strings. In effect, said converter module 53 is connected to a conventional guitar microphone with six independent windings. Each of said windings is connected to said converter module 53 via a microphone amplifier. The current pulses running through the strings create noise in the microphones. are eliminated by a device which stores the output signal of the microphone amplifiers during said pulses, and by -37 a low-pass filter (see FIG. 5) The circuits and the method used to perform this storage are analogous to the circuits and methods used described in Figure 10 The instrumentalist acts on the amplitude of the attacking sound more or less strong the string that it vibrates (if it plays with pick) If the player plays without pick (see below), it expresses the amplitude using an analog button Ledit analog-digital converter module 53 also allows the microprocessor 61 to access analog voltages determined by devices available to the instrumentist, devices such as hand or foot potentiometers (the latter being in the form of pedals , by

example).

  FIG. 14 represents a part of the top of the handle 2 of FIG. 1, seen in perspective. We call the "face" of the handle the face which is on the side of the strings.

  part consists of a plate 119, pierced with holes 120.

  Each band 3 has tips 121 which engage, at the time of manufacture of the source instrument, in the holes 120 arranged in the plate 119 At the end of the c Ott of the bridge, the plate 119 carries a connector 122 having at least 24 contacts The plate 119 is made of electrically insulating material; said plate constitutes a double-sided printed circuit: on the upper face 123, that which is on the side of the frets, and visible in FIG. 14, the printed circuit contains metal on the entire surface of the plate 119, except around the holes such as the holes 120 (because the frets other than the saddle must not be electrically in contact with said upper face 123) But the nut is an exception: the three holes 124 which correspond to said nut are metal bushings in contact with the upper face 123; indeed, said saddle is the only hoop that must be in electrical contact with said upper face Electrically insulating struts 125 prevent each of the hoop 3

  to make electrical contact with the upper face 123.

  In FIG. 15, the lower face 126 of said printed circuit 40 is seen. The lower face 126 carries conductive tracks 127 which connect each band 3 to the connector 122. A conductive bushing 128 connects the upper face of said printed circuit to a track 129 of the lower face. 126 The track 129 is connected to the connector 122 The nut 10 is the only hoop that is in contact with the upper face 123 of said printed circuit Current passing through the nut passes through the upper face 123, then through the passage 128, then through the connector 122 The upper face 123, associated with said passage and said connector, constitutes the wire B'1 of Figure 1 The nut 10 is, in addition, in contact with a track 130 of the lower face 126; the track 130 connects said saddle to the connector 122, and constitutes the wire B1 of FIG. 1. The tracks such as the tracks 127 constitute the wires B 2 to B 23 of FIG. 1. A connector which engages in the connector 122 ensures the connection between all the frets and the voltage comparator module 52 When the present invention must be adapted to an existing string instrument, the original constitution of the handle of said instrument must be respected. frets, by hot welding or gluing to

  cold, and said son is run in said sleeve.

When the saddle 10 is electrically insulating, and it is desired to avoid replacing said saddle with a metal nut, it is possible to electrically connect the cords 4 between them beyond said saddle, by the side of the keys 5; the electrical connection can be via said keys or via a metal bar on which all the strings are based.

  Description of the format of messages and options.

  The messages that the analyzer 9 sends to the receiver 16 A or 16 B consist of groups of three bytes The first byte of the group is characterized by an MSB equal to O; the two other bytes have a MSB equal to 1 The information transmitted in a "message", or group of three bytes, concern either a note or a button We here designate by "button" any device available to the instrumentalist, said device enabling the player to define information other than the pitch of the note A message concerning a button is characterized by a first byte equal to # $ 7 F; the second byte contains the "value" of the button (after deleting the MSB); the third byte contains the "number" of the button (after removal of the MSB) The value of the button represents either the amplitude of an analog quantity defined by said button (we then say that it is an "analog button "), or a group of seven bits (we then bet a" digital button "), said bits being defined directly by said numeric button A numeric button can be constituted, for example, by a coding wheel, or. By a group of seven electrical switches An analog button may be constituted, for example, by a potentiometer. In the present embodiment, there are four analog buttons R VI A RV 4 (see FIG. 9) and a number button (see FIG. FIG. 4 and circuit 70 D of FIG. 6) In a message concerning a note, the first byte contains the number of said note, said number ranging from # $ 01 A # $ 7 E; the second byte contains, after deletion of its MSB, the value of the amplitude of ladito note; and the third byte contains, after deletion of its MSB, the value of the portamento of said note If, in a message relative to a note, the third byte is "$ FF, this means, for the receiver 16 A or 16 B, that the said note must be stopped If, in any message, the first byte contains # $ 00, it means that the said message

should not be taken into account.

  The instrumentalist can choose different options

  relating to the operating mode of the analyzer.

  The instrumentalist selects the options by switching switches whose positions are detected by the

  circuit 70 D A first option concerns the pick: one can choose to play "with pick" or "no pick".

  In the "with pick" option, the instrumentalist uses the pick in a conventional way: when a string has been in contact with the pick, the note is emitted at the moment the pick leaves the string The note remains until A cause that occurs, which terminates the said cause note, occurs when the seniority of the note has reached an adjustable reference age, or when the amplitude of the note has fallen below a reference amplitude, or when the instrumentist modifies the position of his fingers on the string concerned by the note Another option concerns the stopping of the note: we call this -40 option "note arr Ltée if low amplitude": when we have chosen this option, a note played on the source-instrument stops when the amplitude of said note is below a reference amplitude The "note stopped if low amplitude" option only works when it is in the "with pick with the option "without a pick", the player plays by pressing the strings (with his left hand) on the neck of the guitar, to trigger notes As soon as a fret is touched by a string, the corresponding note is issued, if said fret is, among the frets which are in contact with said chord, that which is closest to the bridge 6 With this option, the pick is not used, and is therefore inhibited, so as not to disturb the comparator module 52 of hand tensions

  The instrumentalist's right is free to manipulate various controls acting on the sound.

  The physical arrangement of the electronic components located in the analyzer, a provision that we have described

  above in the present description, leads, for the

  microprocessor 61, at a space of addresses the details of which are indicated in the list of the program coded in the memory. Said listing constitutes table 1, and governs the operation of the analyzer.

  corresponding-audit listing are given in Figures 16 and 17.

  In the description of the said organization charts, we make

  reference to "labels"; said labels correspond to the labels of the programs listed in the

table 1.

  Figure 16 shows the general flow chart of the analyzer operation.

  how the analyzer explores the strings of the guitar.

  The strings are explored one by one, commenting on the string ST 1, then passing on the string ST 2, etc., up to the string ST 6; then, after the string ST 6, we explore one of the control buttons that are available to the instrumentalist; then, we come back to the string STI, and we start again the cycle: ST 1, ST 2 ,, ST 6, one of the buttons The box 131 is the one where one arrives after an operation "RESET" (by temporary setting at the level bottom of the output of the circuit 67 A of Figure 6) In box 131, we initialize various parameters, then we go to box 132 In box 132,

  we increment the number of the string that will be explored.

  Then we look at whether it is time to send a message to the receiver I & A or 16 B For this, we call the subroutine we call "SCAN", and we will study in detail below (see Figure 17) We then go to box 133 Here, we make a test to know if the player has chosen the option "no pick" If one is optional "without a pick", we go to box 134 (label 10 "YES 3 ") Otherwise, we go to box 135, where we" release "the pick, that is to say that by removing the inhibition of the pick, we make the latter able to detect voltages We then pass in box 136 ("MED DETECTED?" label), where a "string test" is performed: a current is sent into the string under course, and the logic outputs of the module 52 are stored. Said current sending and said These are stored using the subroutine we call "TEST CDRDE". It is checked whether the pick detects something, that is, whether the potential of the pick is greater than the potential of each fret If the pick stops, go to box 137 (label "SUITE 12") Otherwise, we go to box 138 In box 138, we make a wait, then an inhibition of the pick, then a test the strings, in order to know which is the hoop that is at the highest potential, without taking into account the potential of the pick Then we look if the detection indicator is 1 (see the definition of said witness below, about in box 137) If the said indicator is not 1, go to box 139 (label "NOIN 2" 2 If the said indicator is 1, go to box 140 (label "SUITE 15"), where one set the said zero to zero Then we go to square 141 (label "NO 4"), where we calculate which note was found on the string Then, we go to square 142, where we look at if i ' we are in option "without 3 picks" and if the rope explored is empty If these two conditions are fulfilled, we go to box 143 (label "SUIT Ell ") Otherwise, we go to box 144 (label" SUIT El "), where we look at whether the note that was found on the string being explored is identical to the note that is in progress on the string (if no note is current on the string, the value that is in memory as "current note" is zero) If the note found is identical to the current note, go to box 145 ( label "O UII") Otherwise, we go to box 146 (label "NO 6" '), where we do a test of the strings and a calculation of the note found We look then if there is confirmation, c that is, if the note just found in box 146 is identical to the note found in box 141 If there is no identity, go to box 147 there is identity, we go to box 148 (label "NONI"), where we look at whether the note found in box 146 is waiting on another string (a string other than the string currently being explored). If yes, we go on to explore the rope next, in box 132 (label "CORDE SIJIVANTE") Otherwise, we go to box 149 (label "SUITEL 4"), where we look if the note found in box 146 is in progress on a string other than the string in the course of exploration If yes, we go to box 150; otherwise, we go to box 151 (label "SUITE 10") In box 150, we stop the note on the other string (the one that is not being explored), by doing PORTA = # $ FF, and the said note is put on hold on the other string Then, we go to box 151, where we stop the current note on the string being explored, by making PORTA = # * FF The note found in box 146 is put in the memory area "NOTE WAITING" Then, we go to box 132 We will now describe the boxes that we left of

  c In the description above In box 137, we make a

  total stop of the note, by making PORTA = #FF, NOTE WAITING = O Passing into the scan subroutine; we wait; the control indicator is set to 1 This indicates that we have passed in box 137 Then, we go to box 136 In box 134, we inhibit the pick, and we do a test of the strings Then we go to box 141 In box 139, a calculation of the note is made; then we go to box 152, where we look at whether the

  detected note is identical to the current note or the nute waiting If yes, we move to the next string (box 132).

  Otherwise, we go to box 153, where we look if the note found is in progress on another string If yes, we go to box 154 154; otherwise, we go to box 155 (label "SUITE 3") In box 154, we operate a "disappearance" of the note, that is to say that we do: NOTE IN PROGRESS = O, PORTA = O, and WAITING NOTE = O; then, we move to the next string (box 132) In box 155, we stop the note by making PORTA = # $ FF and NOTE WAITING = O (this corresponds to the case where the instrumentalist's left hand chokes the note in progress) Then, we move to the next string (box 132) In box 147, we look if the new note found is identical to the current note If yes, we go to the box; otherwise, we move on to the next string (box 132): the confirmation failed In box 145, we look at whether we ct optional "without pick" If cui, we move to the next string (box 132); if not, we go to box 15 6 where the year stops the current note by making PORTA = 4 $ FF 9 and tl 'we put 2 N zone "NOTE WAITING" said current note (cm 15 cmrpondpond to the case o the instrumentalist replayed a note which was d Jej in progress) Then we move on to the next string (box 132 i In box 143, we looked at whether the note on the string is also in progress on another string If Gui, n goes to box 157, otherwise, N weighs in box 15 E 20 ('tick-t "CONTINUE" è In box 1-57, we make a disappearance "of the note, as we box 154 Puie au: paa à .the next string (box 152) In box 158, we make a stop of the note, by doing PORTA = * # $ FF Then, we go to

the next card (box 132).

  FIG. 17 shows the organigram of the scanning subprotac. Box 159 repr. subroutine sweep You go from box 159 t to box 160 In box 160, a look if it's time to send a message to the receiver 16 A or 16 B: indeed, the 30 messages must be sent from regularly -Spaced in time The first timer of the circuit 62 is used to see if the time elapsed since the last message was sent is large enough to justify the sending of a new message If it is still too late to send a new message, it returns to the program which called the subroutine; said return is represented in FIG. 17 by a branch to box 161, which contains the symbol "RT". The return to the calling program will always be represented thus in the

  flowcharts of this description If it is time

  to send a message, we go to box 162 (label

44 2551575

  USUITEB 4 "), where we look if there is an analog-digital conversion that knows in progress If so, we return to the program calling Otherwise, we go to box 163 (label" SUITEBS ") , where one looks at whether the counter of passages is less than 3 Indeed, one passes three times of continuation in the same "tray of rope", that is to say in a zone of memory containing information relating to the same rope, or a button There are six bins for the ropes, and a tray for the buttons (each button occupies said box 10 in turn) During the fourth passage in box 163 for uni m Ome rope, it is necessary move to the next rope tray (the pass counter takes the values 1, 2, and 3 to count the passages in a given rope tray). If necessary, the age of the note is updated (if the you have to change the tray) Then you go to box 164, where you look at whether you are dealing with a button (that is, if the string tray number is 7).

  this is the case, we go to box 165 (label "BUTTONS").

  Otherwise, we go to box 166 (label "SUITEBI"), where we look what is the value of the counter of passages If the counter of passages is 1, we go to box 167, otherwise we go to box 168, ol we look at whether the counter is 2, if yes, we go to box 169, otherwise we go to box 170 In box 167, we make an analog-digital conversion request to know the amplitude of the current note on the the string of which we explore the tray of rope, then we send a message indicating the number of the current note, then we return to the calling program In box 169, we send a message indicating the value of the amplitude (we have the value of the amplitude due to the request for analog-to-digital conversion, request that one had made during the previous passage in the scanning subroutine, in box 167), then, one makes a request for conversion analog- digital to know the value of the portamento 35 of the current note, then, we return to the calling program In box 170, we do t a limitation of the measured portamento: the value must not exceed ** 7 E, so as not to cause ambiguity thereafter: indeed, the value * 57 F, after setting to 1 of its MSB, would become # * $ FF, which has a special meaning: this value indicates that the note must be stopped Then, we check if the value of port stored in RAM is equal to # * FF If yes, we go to box 171 (label "OFF "); otherwise, we go to box 172, where we look at whether to stop the note because of too low amplitude If yes, we go to box 171; otherwise, we go to box S 173, where we look at whether the seniority of the note is greater than or equal to the maximum seniority allowed; if so, we go to box 171; otherwise, we go to box 174 If we are in option "without plectrum", there is never stop according to the amplitude nor according to the seniority In box 174, we send a message indicating the value of the portamento; then we go back to the calling program In box 171, we put # * FF

  in RAM, in the zone assigned to the portamento of the note.

  Then, we decrement the tray number of the string if the note pending is non-zero and if it is different from the current note This, in order to send as soon as possible the message relating to the change of note Then, we send a message indicating the value of the portamento Then, we update the tray of the string: the pending note becomes the current note, the pending note and the portamento are set to 0, 20 and the old is set to 1 Then, we return to the calling program In box 165, we look what is the value of the counter of passages If said counter is 1, we go into

  box 175; otherwise, we go to box 176 (label "SUITE Bl O"), where we look if the counter is 2; if yes, we go to box 177; otherwise, we go to box 178 (label "SUITEB 12").

  In box 175, an analog-to-digital conversion request is made if it is an analog button; then, we send a message equal to # * $ 7 F, to signal to the receiver

  16 A or 16 B that it is a button and not a rope.

  Then, we return to the calling program In box 177, we set in RAM the value of the analog or digital button; then, we send a message indicating the value of the button; then, we return to the calling program In box 178, we send a message indicating the number of the button, and we prepare the next button for the next passage in the seventh tray; then, we return to the calling program The subprograms "TEST CORDES" and "CALCUL NOTE" are simple, we will describe them from the list of the program given in Table 1, without referring to 40 flowcharts In the program "TEST ROPE "is made transparent memory flip-flops (said flip-flops being contained in the housings 70 A at 70 C of Figure 6); then, the sampler 57 or SH 7 is stored; then, we send a current pulse in one of the strings, at the same time that we do a 'pumping mass authorization' Then we wait for the module 52 to have time to stabilize. such that the memory flip-flops memorize, then the current pulse is stopped in the cord concerned, and the mass pumping authorization is then canceled. Then, the circuit 57 is returned.

  or SH 7 transparent Then, we return to the calling program.

  In the subroutine CALCULATION NOTE ", the note found on the string is calculated. The calculation uses the logic values (0 or 1) stored by the memory flip-flops contained in the housings 70 A at 70 C in FIG. The memory is divided into three "fret boxes" Each of said trays contains eight bits, each bit representing a fret The MSB bit of the tray 3 represents the pick Tray 3 is the one of the frets that are closest to the bridge; the tray 1 is the one of the frets which are the

  closer to the saddle; Tray 2 is between Trays 1 and 3.

  In a given tray, the frets are numbered from 0 to 7; the fret number O is the one closest to the saddle; the number 7 fret is the one closest to the bridge When a bit is 1, the output of the circuits 70 A to C is that the corresponding fret (or the pick) is not the most potential If one bit is 0, we are dealing with the fret or pick whose potential is the highest among all the frets and the pick. We then calculate the number of the note. take the fret whose potential is maximal, and calculate the expression A = 8 * X + Y + 5 * (ROPE 1), expression o A, X and Y

  designate registers of the microprocessor 61 (see Table 1 for definitions of the contents of said registers).

  Then we make a semitone shift if we are on the string ST 5 or ST 6 (shift specific to the conventional six-string guitar) Then, we return to the calling program When the source-instrument does not is not 40 a six-string guitar, just adapt the program "CALCULATION NOTE" according to the definition of the heights of -47

  notes, definition proper to this source-instrument.

  FIG. 18 shows a general representation of the receiver 16A or 16B. Said receiver comprises a control logic module 179, a digital-to-analog converter module 180, and a digital button module 181 When the target instrument has a keyboard purely mechanical (for example, the acoustic piano), the receiver is designated by the reference 16 A; said receiver then comprises the modules 179 and 180, and acts on electromagnets 21, which themselves act on the clavimr 182 of the target instrument In many electric or electronic instruments, each key of the keyboard is provided with one or more electrical devices allowing said instruments to know if a key is depressed and 15 (depending on the type of the target instrument) to know with which force and which garment said key has been or is depressed; the receiver adapted to said devices is designated by the reference I B; Receiver ladder includes modules 179, 180, and 181; the receiver 16 E can act electrically say: tement on the analysis circuit 40

specific to the target instrumnt.

  We will describe Figs. 19, 20 and 21 after Fig. 25. Fig. 22 gives a schematic representation of the logic module 179. This module is analogous to the control and analysis logic module 50, which has been described above in connection with the analyzer, in the study of FIG. 6 The module 179 comprises a microprocessor 184 identical to the microprocessor 61 of FIG. 6 The module 179 comprises an address buffer circuit 196, which reinforces the address lines A0 to The circuit 196 is of the type 74 L 5541 The lines of address thus reinforced are distributed to the components of the receiver 16 A or 16 B, via the wires A'O O to A'7 The address lines A 8 to 15 of the circuit 184 are not reinforced by a buffer, and are directly distributed to said components via the respective wires A'B to A'15. The lines A'0 to A'15 constitute the bus of the addresses of FIG. Microprocessor 184 Terminals 6-1 and 62 of circuit 196 are connected to ground Some of the circuits 40 of the module 179 are identical, both from the point of view of their nature and that of their arrangement with respect to each other, to circuits of the module 50: thus, the circuits 185, 186 A, 186 B, 187 , 188 A, 188 B, 188 C, 189, 190 and 191 of the control module 179 are respectively identical to the circuits 63, 64 A, 64 B, 66, 67 A, 67 B, 67 C, 71, 68 and 69 S of the analyzer module 50 At the output of the buffer 187, the lines D'0 to D'7 constitute the data bus of the microprocessor 184 The switch 192 of the module 179 is identical to the switch 75 of the module s The module 179 contains a NAND gate 193, included in a box 74 L 500. Moreover, two circuits of the module 179 are identical, from the point of view of their nature, but not from the point of view of their arrangement, to circuitry of the module; said circuits are the circuits 194 and 195 of the module 179, respectively corresponding to the circuits 62 and 65 of the module 50 The circuit 194 differs from the circuit 62 in that its pins PAO to PA 7 and PBO to PB 7, as well as its pins CB 1 and CB 2 are not connected in the same way as in module 50 Circuit 195 differs from circuit 65 so that its outputs Y 1 to Y 7 are not connected in the same way as in 1 module. The outputs Y 2 to Y 7 of the circuit 195 are respectively connected to wires Y'2 to Y'7. The module 179 also has other circuits, which have no equivalent in the module 50; said circuits are: buffer circuit 196 for address bus, circuit type 74 L 5541; the eight circuits MLO to ML 7 type 74 L 5259, each of said circuits containing eight latches addressable memory; the circuit 197, which is a "+ D-type flipflop" included in a box 74 L 574 The DATA IN input of the MLO circuit is connected to the line D'O of the data bus of the microprocessor 184 Similarly, the DATA IN input of the circuit ML 1 is connected to the line D'1 of said data bus, etc. 35 to the input DATA IN of the circuit ML 7, said input being connected to the line D'7 of said bus data The CLEAR input of each of the MLO circuits at ML 7 is connected to the voltage VCC via a respective resistor such that R 51 For each of the circuits MLO to ML 7, the inputs A, B, and C are respectively connected to the lines A The outputs QO to Q 7 of the MLO circuit are respectively connected to wires numbered from QO, O to Q 7.0; the outputs QO to Q 7 of the PWM circuit are respectively connected to wires numbered QO, 1 to Q 7.1, etc. up to the circuit ML 7, whose outputs Q0 to Q75 are connected respectively to wires numbered with QO , 7 to Q 7.7 The pins G of the circuits MLO to ML 7 are connected to the output Y 1 of the circuit 195 We denote by 2 the clock signal distributed (at the output of the circuit 188 B) to

  16A or 16B receiver components The clock supplement signal (at the output of circuit 188 SC) is designated by '2.

  The outputs PAO to PA 7 and PBO to PB 7 of the circuit 194 will be studied below. The inputs CB 1 and CB 2 of the circuit 194 are used to receive the data transmitted in series by

  the analyzer 9 to the receiver 16 A or 16 B The wire LS, which brings said data, goes to the pin CB 2 of the circuit 194.

  The L 6 wire, which brings the synchronization information

  relating to said data, goes to the input 1 D of the circuit 197.

  The input 1 CK of the circuit 197 is connected to the output of a NAND gate 193. One of the inputs of the circuit 193 is connected to the voltage VCC via a resistor R 52; the other input of the circuit 193 is connected to the clock signal 2 The inputs 1 PR and 1 CLR of the circuit 197 are connected together, and are connected to the voltage VCC via a resistor R 54 The output 1 Q of the circuit 197 is connected at the CB 1 input of the circuit 194. The circuits 197 and 193 serve to cause the synchronization pulses arriving via the wire L 6 to be aligned with the clock pulses 2 of the control module 179. 5 and L 6 are connected to the voltage VCC via respective resistors R 53 and R 55 The PAO pins 30 to PA 7 of the circuit 194 are respectively connected to the wires PA'O to PA'7 The pins PBO to PB 7 of the circuit 194 are

  respectively connected to PB'O wires PB'7.

  FIGS. 23 and 24 show the interface between the receiver 16A and the electromagnets 21 In FIG. 23, it can be seen that each of the wires Qi, j (oi and j are indices varying each independently from 0 to 7) arrives at the input 198 of an interface elementary circuit 199; the output 200 of said elementary circuit is connected to a wire numbered E'p, op is an index equal to 8 * ij + 8 FIG. 24 shows the diagram of the elementary interface circuit 199 The input 198 of said circuit is connected to the input of an inverting logic circuit 201 (included in a box 74 L 504), whose output is connected, via a resistor R 56, to the base of a transistor T 12 The emitter of said transistor is connected to the The collector T 12 is connected to the output 200 of the circuit 199 The output 202 of the module 180 is the one that reflects the amplitude of the notes; when the electromagnets are used, a simplified version of said module, version such as that studied with reference to FIG. 19, is used. The line NB of said simplified version (see the explanations relating to FIG. 19) is then connected to FIG. input of a circuit (not shown in Figure 19) for amplifying and translating the voltage of said line, so that when the voltage NB varies from 3 to 4 volts, the output voltage 202 of said circuit varies from 3 to 35 volts The output 202 is

  connected to the base of a transistor T 13 via a resistor R 57.

  The collector of T 13 is connected to a supply voltage V 8 of 40 volts The emitter of T 13 supplies the voltage

  This voltage is represented by a "+" sign in FIG. 24 and in FIG.

  Between the terminals of each of the electromagnets 21 is placed a diode X 13 (with the cathode on the side of the transmitter of

  T 13) to protect the components against overvoltages.

  Each electromagnet has a resistance of 80 ohms in continuous current, and provides an average force of the order of 4

  newtons for a current of 0.4 ampere.

  FIG. 25 shows the diagram of an interface for a target instrument having an electric keyboard. Each of the wires Q 1, j (o 1 and j are indices each varying from 0 to 7) is connected, via a resistor such as R 58 at the input Ep of the circuit 40 defined in FIG. 1: p = 8 * ij + 8 In the present embodiment, the value of the resistors R 58 is adapted to the keyboard exploration circuit SM 304 A. The three wires Q 7.0 to Q 7.2 are not used Each of the inputs Ep of the circuit 40 is

  also connected to one of the terminals 203 of a switch 38.

  The switch 38 is controlled by a key of the keyboard of the instrumentcible The other terminal 205 of said switch is connected to an electrical line 206, common to all switches 38 Said line is connected to the ground We see that thus, we can simultaneously manipulate the source instrument and the keyboard of the target instrument If the circuit 40 uses the convention that a keyboard key pressed corresponds to a logic high level, simply modify the program operating the receiver, in swapping O and setting a bit of the keyboard; another possible solution is to place logical inverters on the wires Qi, j, without

modify said program.

  The target instrument may have, for each key, one or more sensors (not shown in FIG. 25) for sensing the force with which said key is depressed and / or manipulated vertically and / or laterally; then, each of the output wires Nq (q is an index varying from 1 to 128) of the module 180 is connected to the corresponding input Nq of the circuit 40 Said wires Nq allow the module 180 to transmit to the circuit 40 the information relating to the portamento and the amplitude of the notes played by the instrumentalist, and this, for each note individually. The Nq wires transmit analog voltages which simulate, for the circuit 40, the signals coming from the sensors relating to each of the keys of the electric keyboard. The target instrument Each key of the keyboard corresponds to two pieces of information: portamento and amplitude If the keyboard has seventy-one keys, there are one hundred and twenty-two wires used to transmit the portamento and the amplitude (N 1 i to N 61 for portamento, N 62 to N 122 for amplitude) N 123 to N 126 are the four analog buttons of the analyzer. The N 127 and N 128 are not used in this embodiment. n also shows, in FIG. 25, the wires K 1 to K 7, which arrive in the circuit 40 According to the type of target instrument and its requirements for control voltages and input impedances for the application of said voltages, one skilled in the art makes the adaptations of levels of electrical voltages and impedances on the son E 1 to E 61, NI to N 128, and 1 <to K 7 Moreover, the man of the art determines, within the target instrument, the points up to which it is necessary to route said wires For example, for the target instruments measuring the velocity of the keys of their 40 keyboards to evaluate the amplitude of the notes , it is necessary to route the Nq wires until after the circuits which

  transform said velocity into an analog magnitude.

  We have described, in Figure 25, an interface for target instrument with electric keyboard; said interface is uuniverselle "because it allows the immediate connection with many target instruments However, said interface has the disadvantage of implementing many electrical son The skilled person can advantageously replace said interface, according to such or In this particular case, by an interface operating in multiplexing: in fact, most of the instruments that can be envisaged to equip according to the present invention explore the keyboard sequentially. An interface in multiplexing between the receiver 16 B and the circuit of FIG. keyboard exploration, circuit specific to the target instrument, we appear to be part of the prior art, Said interface makes it possible to dispense with circuits MLO ML 7 module 179 can also use a link sharing a RAM between the module 179 and the circuit 40 Such sharing may use the fact that said memory is accessible to the module 179 while a ho The clock is high, and said memory is accessible to circuit 40 while said clock is low. This two-level clock method is part of the prior art, and is used, for example, for display. video of the data of certain individual computers The circuit 179 records information in said random access memory, while the circuit reads information in said random access memory The hardware arrangement of the electronic components located in the receiver 16 A or 16 B leads, for the microprocessor 184, to an address space, the details of which are indicated in the listing of the program coded in the

  185 The said listing constitutes Table 2.

  FIG. 19 shows a diagram of a simplified variant 35 of the digital-to-analog converter module 180. Said variant is used when the target instrument does not have the possibility of measuring the portamento and the amplitude individually for each key of its sound. Each of the PA'O to PA'6 wires is respectively connected to the input 40 of a DAO circuit DA 6 Each of the PB'0 to PB'6 wires is respectively connected to the input of a BOD circuit to DB 6 The supply voltage V 2 is filtered by the cell R 59 C 9, and becomes, after filtering, the voltage LV, which is distributed to each of the circuits DAO at DA 6 and DBO at DB 6. Detailed diagram of the circuit DAO In FIG. 20, it can be seen that the wire PA'O is connected via a resistor R 60/0, at the base of a transistor T 14 The collector of said transistor is connected to the line LV via a resistor R 61 / O (the sign "/ 0" O means that the values of the resistors R 60 / O and R 61/0 are in correspondence e with the wire number O PA'O) The emitter of said transistor is connected to the line LA The circuits DA 1 to DA 6 are identical to the circuit DAO with the exception of the values of the resistors R 60 / m and R 61 / m, om is an index varying from 1 to 6 The circuits DBO to DB 6 are respectively identical to the circuits DAO 15 DA 6 In FIG. 19, it can be seen that the outputs of the circuits DAO at DA 6 are interconnected, and connected to The LA line is connected to the inverting input of an operational amplifier 207 The output of said amplifier is connected to the inverting input of said amplifier via a resistor R 62 The output of said amplifier is connected via a resistor R 63 , at the line NA A resistor R 64 connects to the voltage VCC the cathode of a Zener diode X 14 The anode of the X diode 14 is connected to the ground The fixed voltage present on the cathode of said diode is designated by V The non-inverting input of the circuit 207 is connected to the Similarly, the outputs of the DBO to DB 6 circuits are connected to a line LB, which is connected to the inverting input of an operational amplifier 208. The output of said amplifier is connected to the inverting input of said amplifier via a resistor R 65 The output of said amplifier is connected, via a resistor R 66, to the line NB The non-inverting input of said amplifier is connected to the voltage V 9 To explain the operation of said simplified variant of the converter module

  digital-analog 180, we will study the DAO circuit.

  The circuit 207 maintains the line LA at a fixed potential of 2.4 volts. When the line PA'O is high, the transistor T 14 is off, and the current can not go from the line LA to the line LV. the PA'O line is at the low level, the transistor T 14 is conducting, and it is as if there is a resistance equal to R 61 / O between the line LA and the line LV R 61 / m (m varying from 0 to 6) has a large value in front of the collector-emitter resistance in the conducting state of the transistor T 14, and small compared to the value of the resistor R 60 / m. The resistors R 60 / m and R 61 / are selected. m so that, when the circuit D Am is conductive, there circulates a current twice as strong as in DA (m-1), when the latter is conductive (m varying from 1 to 6) The circuits DAO to DA 6 behave like current generators The circuit 207 10 transforms the total current of the line LA into a voltage output of said circuit 207 It can not be used directly the PA'm son, each in series with a resistor, instead of the circuits D Am, because the logic levels of PA'm son do not have guaranteed voltages with precision at low level So here we have a seven-bit digital-to-analog converter (PA'O to PA ').

  The seven bits present on the lines PB'0 to PB'6 are converted into an analog voltage at the output of the circuit 208. All the operational amplifiers of the receiver 16 A or 16 B are of the type A 741 (manufactured by the company TEXAS INSTRUMENTS) .

  All the operational amplifiers of the receiver 16 A or 16 B are powered by the voltages V 1 and V 2 The role of the resistors R 63 and R 66 is to increase the output impedance of the digital-to-analog converter, so as not to overload the analysis circuit 40 specific to the target instrument, and to allow paralleling on the one hand the output of said digital-analog converter, and on the other hand the signals from the keyboard sensors of the instrument- target Thus, a musician can play 30 of the target instrument at the same time that the instrumentalist plays the source-instrument The output NA represents the average value of the portamento for the notes in progress, the output NB represents the average value amplitude for current notes When using the simplified version 35 of module 180, version shown in figure 19, the program in table 1 of this

  description This program corresponds to the non-version

  simplified (the 128 analog channel) module 180.

  FIG. 21 represents a digital button circuit 40 of the receiver. Such a circuit corresponds to seven electrical switches of the target instrument. The receiver must simulate, for the analysis circuit 40 specific to the target instrument, the manipulation of said switches. FIG. 21 shows a box 74 of type 74 L 5374, containing eight flipflop D-type flip-flops. The CLOCK input of said box is connected to the complementary clock signal 2. The input G of said box is connected to the FIG. line Y'2 (at the output of the circuit 195) The inputs 1 D to BD of said box are respectively connected to the lines D'O to 0 '7 of the data bus of the microprocessor 184 The outputs 10 1 Q to 7 Q said cabinet are respectively connected, via resistors such as R 67, to son K 1 to K 7 The output 8 Q of said stacker is not used Said son go to the analysis circuit 40 own & the target instrument The rûle

  resistors such as R 67 are analogous to the rile of resistors R 63 and R 66.

  FIG. 26 is a diagram of the digicon-aalogic converter module 180. FIG. 19 shows the elfients of the present invention: the DAO circuits DA 6, the circuit 207, the resistors R 59 and R 62, and the capacitor 20C. 9 As in FIG. 19, an analog voltage corresponding to the seven bits of the lines PA'0 to PA'6 is obtained at the output of the circuit 207. Said voltage is distributed, via a line NA ', at a maximum of twenty-eight numbered circuits. The set constituted by the circuit 207 and the 25 circults DAO to DA 6 constitutes what we call a "cell" of digital-to-analog conversion The cathode of a Zener diode X 15 is connected to the voltage VCC via a resistor R 66 The anode of X 15 is connected to ground The fixed voltage present on said cathode is connected to

  the non-inverting input of an operational amplifier 211.

  The output of said amplifier is connected to its input.

  Inverting said output provides a fixed low impedance voltage, distributed via a line LW to the circuits Z 1 to Z 128. FIG. 26 shows a 74 decoder circuit of a channel to eight, 74 L 513 B; eight circuits 213A to 213H are also seen, each of said circuits being a decoder of one channel to sixteen, of the type 74154 The input G 1 of the circuit 212 is connected to the voltage VCC via a resistor R 69 The input G 2 B input of said circuit is connected to ground. Input 62 A of said circuit is connected to line A'V. Inputs A, B and C of said circuit are respectively connected to lines PB'4 to PB'6. circuit is connected to the input 62 of the circuit 213 A Of the Ome, the output Y 1, Y 2 ,, Y 7 of the circuit 212 is respectively connected to the input 62 of the circuit 213 B ,, 213 H The line PB ' 0 is connected to the input of a logic inverter 214 included in a box of type 74 L 504 The output of said inverter is connected to all of the inputs A circuits 213 A to 213 H m Ome, the lines PB'1 to PB'3 are respectively connected, each via an inverter such as the inverter 214, to all the inputs B, C or D of the circuits 213 A to 213 The inputs G 1 of the circuits 213 A to 213 H are connected to the ground. The outputs Y 0 to Y 1 S of the circuit 213 A are respectively connected to lines U 1 to U 16. Similarly, the outputs Y 0 to Y 15 of the circuit 213 B are respectively connected to lines U 17 to U 32 and so on, to outputs Y0 to Y15 of circuit 213 H, which are respectively connected to lines U 113 to U 128. Figure 27 shows a detailed diagram The circuits Z 2 to Z 128 are identical to the circuit 21 The line NA 'is connected to the collector of a transistor T 15 The base of said transistor is connected, via a resistor R 70, to the line U 1 L The emitter of said transistor is connected to the base of a transistor T 16 The collector of T 16 is connected to the voltage VCC The emitter of T 16 is connected to the line N 1 via a resistor R 71 The emitter of T 16 is connected to ground via a resistor R 72 The emitter of transistor T 1 S is connected to ground via a capacitor Cl O. The transmitter of T 1 S is connected to the line LW via a resistor R 73 The circuit Z 1 constitutes a sample-and-hold circuit: the input which controls the storage of said sampler is the line U 1; the analog input of said sampler is the line NA '; the output of said sampler is the line NI When the line U 1 is high, T 515 is off, and the capacitor C 10 has a charge which varies only slowly as a function of time (we take for R 73 a suitable value for this) When the line U 1 is at the low level, T 15 is conductive, and the voltage at the emitter of T 15 becomes equal to the voltage at the collector of T 15 The transistor T 16 serves as the follower stage. 'impedance. The role of the resistor R 71 is the same as that of the resistor R 63 of FIG. 19. The assembly constituted by the circuit 212 and the circuits 213 A through 213 H constitutes a decoder of a pathway at one hundred and twenty-two. eight Only one at a time lines U 1 to U 128 may be low, when line PA'7 is low When PA'7 is high, all lines U 1 to U 128 are high The number of the line Uw (w is an index varying from 1 to 1283 is given by the seven lines POO to PB'6 (it is necessary to invert, by software, the PB'O PB'3 bits) In conclusion, we have here a digital-to-analog converter & one hundred and twenty-eight l I channels, the address of the output channel is given by the seven lines PF'0 to PB'6, the digital value to be converted is given in the seven lines PA'O at PA'6, the signal that

  allows the conversion is given by the line PA'7.

  The physical arrangement of the electronic components in the 16A or 16B receiver, which we

  described above in the present description, leads, for the microprocessor 184, to a space of

  addresses the details of which are indicated in the list of the pro Qmrnm-nc cod A in the memory 185 The said listing constitutes

J Table 2.

  In Fig. 22, we see N orgmnigraemm representing the receiver function. When we speak of "tlettes" in relation to -Figure 28, we are referring to labels relating to lines of the pronorsaroe given to the table 2 The box 215 (label "l ANCEMENTI") is the box where we arrive after having done "RCSET". We initialise various paramtrestreso Then, we pass ÉI ce 216, z we launch the first one and the second one tisr of the circuit 194, as well as the register & shift of said circuit. "It is necessary to use box 2-17 (tag" DE 3 UT "), where it is supposed that 1 N second tiner has finished, and o we start the register & shift Then we go to box 2163 where we look if there is a prat byte in reception If yes, we go to box 219 (label "SUITE 1"); otherwise, we go to box 220 In box 220, we look at whether the first timer has finished; if yes, we go to box 215 (label "LAUNCH" = this means that there is an anomaly on the transmission line, if the first timer has not finished, we go to box 218 In box 219, we read the contents of the shift register, said register containing a byte received from the analyzer, the first and second timers are launched Then, we go to box 221, where we look at whether we have already received at least two hundred bytes since the beginning of the reception program which is in progress, this makes it possible to avoid errors in reception, errors that would be considered if the first received bytes were considered valid: indeed, start, the receiver is not well synchronized with the analyzer If we have not received enough bytes since the beginning of the program, we go to box 217 if we received enough bytes , We go to box 222, where we look at whether the MSB bit of the received byte is equal to zero (that is, if it is the first of the three bytes of a message), if yes, go to box 223; Otherwise, we go to box 224 ("SUITE 2" label). In box 223, we update the witness who indicates that we are dealing with a button or not. Then we look at whether to make an offset. the number of the note; indeed, the instrumentalist may wish to transpose the music he plays. To do this, said instrumentalist acts on a switch which is at his disposal on the guitar; the position of said switch is transmitted to the receiver, which then transposes In the present embodiment, the possible transposition is an octave upwards Then, we return to box 217 In box 224, we look at whether we have already taken since the

  beginning of the program, a byte whose bit MSB is equal to 0.

  If yes, we go to box 225 (label "SUITES"); otherwise, we return to & box 217 In box 225, we look if it is the second byte of the message (said message always containing three bytes) If yes, we go to box 226; otherwise, we go to box 227 (label "SUITE 7") In box 226, we put in RAM, in area "amplitude value", the received byte Then, we look if we are dealing with a button If yes go to box 217; otherwise, we go to box 228 ("SUITE 6" label), where we do a digital-analog conversion to obtain an analog voltage representing the amplitude of the note which is concerned by the message that we are currently Then we go to box 217 In box 227, we put in RAM, in zone "value porta", the byte received from the analyzer Then, we look if we are dealing with a button. 40 If yes, we go to box 229 (label "SUITES"); otherwise, we go to box 230, where we do a digital-analog conversion, in order to obtain an analog voltage representing the portamento of the note that is concerned by the message that we are processing; then, we stop or trigger the note in the target instrument, depending on whether the value of porta is less than * 7 F, or not Then we return to box 217 In box 229, we make a conversion

  digital-analog if it is an analog button.

  Said conversion is intended to obtain an analog voltage representing the value of the corresponding analog button 10 of the analyzer Then sends said voltage to the corresponding analogue button of the target instrument, that is to say that for said instrument, everything will happen as if the instrumentalist acted directly on the analog buttons of the target instrument If it is a numeric button, we send its value (seven bits) directly to the corresponding numeric button of the instrument-target, that is to say that for said instrument, everything will be as if the instrumentalist was acting directly on the digital button of the target instrument After box 229,

returns to box 217.

  Since the analyzer 9 does not need to receive any message acknowledgment from the receiver 16A or 16B, it can be seen that any number of receivers can be chatted on the receivers. wire L 5 and Lb which provide the information output from the analyzer 9 (it is then necessary to reinforce the signals by buffers) Said receivers can operate simultaneously several target instruments Each receiver 30 16 A or 16 B has a plug of input of the wires LI to LS coming from the analyzer 9, and an output plug of said wires

to other receivers. In another embodiment of the sensors 43 (see FIG.

  uses force sensors Room 42 B

  exerts on the amount 41 a force directed towards the bridge.

  Said force is sensed by said force sensor, in which case it is not necessary for the post 41 to be elastic. In another embodiment of the device for measuring the mechanical tension of the strings (see FIG. only force or displacement sensor for all the strings of the source instrument; said sensor, if it is a force sensor, measures the force (due to the set of six strings) that presses on the bridge 6, or the force that pulls on all six anchor points (said points in said embodiment, the said sensor, if it is a displacement sensor, measures the displacement caused by the strings on the six anchoring points mechanically secured to each other. In another embodiment of the sensors 43, the force or displacement sensors for measuring the mechanical tension of the cords are placed between the nut 10 and the string tension keys 5: thus, there is less electromagnetic interference acting on the stringers. Said sensors Said sensors measure the tensile forces exerted by the strings on their respective tension keys. It is also possible to place, between the nut and the keys 5, an easel on which all the strings rest, and measuring the force perpendicular to the strings (force that said strings 20 exert on said bridge), either globally or individually for each chord, using sensors placed on or under said bridge In another embodiment of the amplifiers AM Pl to AMP 6 of FIG. 9, the output of each of the AM amplifiers Pt (ot is an index varying from 1 to 6) is respectively connected to the input of a respective high-pass filter of cutoff frequency 0.1 Hz, slope 12 dB per octave; the output of said filter is connected to the wire Mt which corresponded, in FIG. 9, to the output of Ai M Pt Thus, the wire Mt only transmits to the module 53 only the relative variations of the mechanical tensions of the string S Tt; we gain in precision because the absolute value of the mechanical tension of the cords is no longer involved. In other embodiments of the device formed by the diode X 1 and the resistor R 19 (see FIG. 8), it is possible to give 35 to R. 19 the value zero: there is then only the diode Xi in said device; it is also possible to replace the diode X 1 by several (at least two) diodes in series, with the same anode-cathode orientation as the diode X.sub.1. Another embodiment of said device consists in putting between the output 83 and the input 85 of the circuit CT 1 an arrangement of electronic components, said arrangement having the effect of allowing the electric current to pass only in a single Fens between the output 835 and 85 between the circuit C Tio Each embodiment of said device s' A second embodiment of the mnediator 12 (see Figure 1) consists of using several picks, some entertainers playing by attacking the Lordes with several fingers in the right hand, and using as many circuits as that CT 24, each associated resmpectively with a circuit of inhibition of 10 m 1 di-tor, that it has picks In the software of table 1, one modifies the stages of the process relating to the exploration of strings : instead of looking at the same time the detector detects (co-me in the prezent table 1), we watch one of the picks detects, N fying a string test 15 d-ns which all but one of the picks are inhibited ; we

  thus examines all the picks in turn, instead of examining only one as in the present description Pr elsewhere when it is desired to adapt the present invention.

  on a stringed instrument having less than or equal to 23 M frets, one uses as many circuits as CT 1 that there are frets In another embodiment of the microphone Prnc; sseur 61 or 184 (see Figure 6 or 22) a microprocessor of a type other than 65023 is used, for example, it is possible to use a 080 or an O 6800 O to adapt to it, starting from the present one.

  description, to achieve the present in ention, make

  In other embodiments of the present invention, the microprocessors 61 and 184, as well as some of their subsidiary circuits, may be replaced by microcomputers such as the R 5500/1 of the firm. ROCKWELL; for this purpose, the manner of proceeding is indicated in detail by the manufacturers of said microcomputers. In another embodiment of the digital button of the analyzer and the receiver (see FIGS. 4 and 21), several digital buttons are used. ;

  the manner of setting up said buttons and modifying the software of Tables 1 and 2 of the present description is part of the state of the art In another mode of

  6), the said 40 is removed, and the wire H F1 is directly connected to the terminal of the input of said trigger, on the terminal of R 21, which is not in position. contact with the diode Xl C It acts the same with the other triggers TG 2 to T 624; in addition, the software given in Table 1 is modified, taking into account that the wires HI to H 24 carry signals whose logical meaning is

  inverse to that given in the present description In another embodiment of the

  the present invention, it is also possible to ensure that the mechanical tension of the strings defines either the amplitude, or the portamento, or another size, at the discretion of the instrumentalist: for this, it is necessary to make a variant of the program given in the table 1, variant easily achievable by those skilled in the art In another embodiment of the son N 127 and N 128 (see Figure 25), said son are used to transmit to the target instrument analog information not coming from directly analyzer sensors, or analog buttons; for example: results of calculations performed on data from the analyzers In another embodiment of the switches 117 of FIG. 13, said switches are made by means of field effect power transistors. Embodiments of the analog-to-digital converter 53 and the digital analog converter 180, use is made of integrated-circuit converters available on the market, such as the AD 7581 and AD 1408 circuits of the firm ANALOG DEVICES or the circuit u A 9708 of the firm FAIRCHILD. said converters then being used in a conventional manner In another embodiment of the resistor R 20 of FIG. 8, said resistor can be replaced, for example, by one or more diodes in series, or by a current generator; the resistor R 20, or its alternative means of replacement, can be connected to a negative voltage different from V'2. In another embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 10, the frequency of the peaks is higher (of the order of 10 k Hz), and we use the output of the SH 1 & SH 6 circuits not only to know the portamento, but also to reconstruct the movement of each string separately, which allows to know the amplitude for each string separately This is possible 40 if the frequency of the peaks is greater than twice the maximum frequency of vibration of the strings At the output of each circuit SH 1 to SH 6, a high-pass filter of 50 Hz cut-off frequency, of slope 12 d B octave At the output of said filter, an effective value detector gives the amplitude Another embodiment of the cell 5 constituted by the circuit 207 and the DAO & DA circuits 6 is to use a digital-analog converter available Another alternative embodiment of the strings of the source instrument is to use, in place of commercially available ordinary strings, special strings made of a metal having a higher resistivity than the strand of the strings. metal of said ordinary cords; the currents flowing in the cords are then lower, which reduces the power consumption and may be of interest for battery power supplies of the target instrument Another embodiment of the digital button of FIG. 21 consists in using a circuit type 74 L 5259, and the place of the circuit 74 L 5374; The software modifications to be made in Table 2 are then conventional Another embodiment of the device of Figure 10 is to use, instead of the analog-to-digital converter of Figure 9, a faster converter available on the market, and It is possible to convert in 20 microseconds. Then the voltage peaks are accessed while said peaks take place, which avoids the need to store said peaks in sampler circuits; said converter has its input connected to the output of the filter FH; then software is used to prevent the values transmitted by said converter are too jerky. In Tables 1 and 2 below, we use assembly language relating to microprocessor 6502; the definitions of the instructions can be found in the ROCKWELL documentation and in the document "Apple 6502

  Assembler / Editor ", copyright 1980 by APPLE COMPUTER INC.

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Z 91 191 091 651 851 LG

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515 ISSZ

TABLE 1 (CONTINUED).

  163 BIT END NUM. 164 BNE YES 3; IF OPTION "WITHOUT MEDIATOR", GO TO YES 3 165 LDA ORA 166 ORA # $ 02 167 STA ORA; IF NOT, FREE MEDIATOR 168 MED DETECTED? JSR TEST ROPE TO SEE IF MEDIATOR DETECTS 169 LDA # $ 80 170 BIT BACFRET 3 171 BEQ NEXT 12 172 JMP NO 5 IF MEDIATOR DOES NOT DETECT, GO TO NO 5 173 SUITE 12 LDY ROPE BUT IF DETECTED, 174 LDX # $ FF 175 STX PORTAY; STOP THE NOTE BY MAKING PORTA = $ FF 176 LDX # $ 00 177 STX WAITING NOTE WAITING MEMO SETTING 178 JSR SCAN: SWITCHING ON SCAN 179 LDX # * $ 00 180 LOOP INX STANDBY 181 CPX # $ 2 A 182 BCC LOOP WAITING 183 LDX # $ 01 134 STX WITNESS DETECT; WITNESS SET TO 1 185 JMP MED DETECT? 186 YES 3 LDA ORA 187 AND # $ FD 18 B STA ORA; INHIBITION OF MEDIATOR 189 JSR TEST ROPE 190 JMP NO 4 191 NO 5 LDX # * 00; WAIT, INHIBIT MEDIATO Rs TEST ROPES 192 LOOP 4 INX 193 CPX # $ 3 B 194 BCC LOOP 4; WAIT 195 LDA ORA 196 AND # $ FD 197 STA ORA; INHIBITION OF THE MEDIATOR 198 JSR TEST ROPE 199 LDX WITNESS DETECT. 200 CPX # $ 01 201 BEQ SUITE 13 202 JMP NO 2, IF WITNESS = 0, GO TO NO 2 203 SUITE 13 LDX # * $ 00 204 STX WITNESS DETECT, BUT IF WITNESS = 1, WE TAKE IT TO 0, 205 NO 4 JSR CALCULATION NOTE AND CALCULATE NOTE 206 LDA # $ 01 207 BIT END NUM. 208 BEQ SUITE 1, IF OPTION "WITH MEDIATOR", 209 * GO TO NEXT 1

  210 LDA NUM FRET, IF OPTION "WITHOUT MEDIATOR" AND 211 CMP # $ 00, IF FREIGHT NUMBER ON HAND NO = 0, 212 BNE SUITE 1 GO TO NEXT 1 213 JMP NEXT 11 214 CONT 1 LDA N REAL NOTE 215 LDY ROPE 216 CMP NOTE IN PROGRESS, Y; NOTE FINDED WAS ONGOING

TABLE 1 (CONTINUED).

217 * THE ROPE?

  218 BNE NO 6; IF NO, GO TO NO 1 219 YES 1 LDA # $ 01 220 BIT END NUM. 221 BEQ SUITE 6 222 JMP FOLLOWING CORD, IF OPTION "WITHOUT MEDIATOR", 223 *; GO TO NEXT ROPE

  224 SUITE 6 LDX # $ FF 225 STX PORTA, Y; STOP THE NOTE BY MAKING PORTA = FF 226 LDX N REAL NOTE, NOTE NUMBER 227 STX NOTE WAITING, Y; IN CASE 'NOTE WAITING' 228 JMP FOLLOWING ROPE 229 NO 6 LDA N REAL NOTE 230 STA OTHER N TROUV: TEMPORARY STORAGE 231 JSR TEST ROPE 232 JSR CALCULATION NOTE 233 LDY ROPE TO RESTORE Y 234 LDA N REAL NOTE 235 CMP OTHER N TO CONFIRMATION? 1, IF YES, GO TO NO 1 237 CMP NOTE IN PROGRESS, Y, NOTE FIND IN 2MS = NOTE 238 *, IN PROGRESS?

  239 BEQ YES 1, IF YES, GO TO YES 1 240 JMP CORRECTION NEXT 241 NO 1 LDA N REAL NOTE 242 CMP NOTE WAITING, Y; IF NOTE FOUND = NOTE IN 243 BNE SUITE 14; WAITING, 244 JMP FOLLOWING ROPE; GO "NEXT ROPE" 245 SUITE 14 LDX # $ 00 246 LOOP 2 INX

  247 CPX # * $ 07 248 BCS SUITE 9 IF NOT FIND NO = ALL OTHERS 249 *; NOTES IN PROGRESS, GO TO NEXT 9

  250 CPX STRING 251 BEQ LOOP 2, IF X = CURRENT ROPE LOOP 2 252 CMP NOTE IN PROGRESS, X, IF NOT FINDED NO = N IN PROGRESS 253 BNE LOOP 2, ON THIS OTHER ROPE, GO TO LOOP 2 254 LDA NOTE IN COURSE, X, BUT IF =, 255 STA NOTE WAITING, X, WAITING NOTE BECOMES 256 * NOTE IN PROGRESS FOR ROPE X

  257 LDA # $ FF 258 STA PORTA, X; PORTA <# $ FF 259 NEXT 9 LDX ROPE 260 LDA NOTE IN PROGRESS, X; A <NOTE IN PROGRESS 261 LDX * $ 00 262 LOOP 3 INX

  263 CPX * $ 07 IF IN PROGRESS NO = N -EN COURSE ON 264 BCS SUITE 10; OTHER STRINGS, GOING NEXT 10 265 CPX ROPE 266 BEQ LOOP 3 267 CMP NOTE IN PROGRESS, X 268 BNE LOOP 3 269 LDX ROPE, BUT IF N IN PROGRESS = N IN PROGRESS ON 270 LDA N REAL NOTE, ANOTHER ROPE,

69 -

TABLE 1 (CONTINUED).

272 275 274 275

276 277 278 SI 279 i * 280

281 282 283 284 * 285

IU

  STA NOTE IN PROGRESS, X; N IN PROGRESS <N FINDED LDA # $ 00

  STA NOTE WAITING, X; N WAITING <4 $ 00 STA PORTA, X; PORTA <# $ 00 LDA 8 $ 01

  STA ANCIENT, X, ANCIENNETE <# $ 01 JMP CORDE NEXT ITE 10 LDA # $ FF; HERE, IF NOTE IN PROGRESS NO = NOTE

  ON OTHER STRINGS, LDX ROPE

  STA PORTA, X; PORTA <# * FF LDA N REAL NOTE STA NOTE WAITING, X; NOTE WAITING <NO. 1

FOUND

JMP NEXT ROPE

r E

206 NO 2 JSR CALCULATION NOTE

287 268 289 290 291

292,293

294 295 296 297 2198 '29 300

301 302 30.

305 306 307 308 309

310 311 312 313

314,315,516,517,318,319

LDX LDA CMP

CEQ CMP BEQ to MP SUITE 4 NEXT 11

LDA LDX LOOP '

CPX OCS CPX BEQ CMP

*

BNE LDA STA LDX STA STA JMP

SUITE 3

LDX STA LDA STA JMP

ROPE

  N.NOTE REEL NOTE IN PROGRESS, X, IF NOTE FOUND = N IN COURT 59 CONTENT 4, GO TO NEXT 4 NOTE WAITING, X; IF N FOUND = N WAITING, CONTINUE 4 GO TO NEXT 4 NEXT 11

  JMP ROPE NEXT LDX ROPE NOTE IN PROGRESS, X; A <NOTE IN PROGRESS # $ 00

INX

$ 4 07

  CONTINUE 3, IF X> 6, GO TO 3 ROPE

  LOOP 5, IF X = NOTE IN PROGRESS, GO IN LOOP 1 NOTE IN PROGRESS, X, IF NOTE IN PROGRESS ON THIS ROPE NO = N IN PROGRESS LOOP 5 ON OTHER ROPE, GO IN LOOP 1

# * 00

  ROPE, BUT IF =, TAKE NOTE DURING, X: DISAPPEAR THE NOTE PORTA, X, IN PROGRESS NOTE WAITING, X CORD NEXT (HERE, X NO = 7) LDA # $ FF

ROPE

* PORTA, X; PORTA <# $ FF # $ 00

  NOTE WAITING, X NOTE WAITING <* $ 00 NEXT ROPE

  i ALAYAGE LDA * $ 40; START OF SCANNING SUB-PG

IFR BIT

  BNE SUITEB 4, IF FLAG INTERRUPT OF THE FIRST TIMER

*; VALE 1 (CAD IF YOU CAN SEND A

MESSAGE), GO TO SUITEB 4

RTS

TABLE 1 (CONTINUED).

  325 SUITEB 4 LDA # $ 80 326 BIT ORB, IF NO CONVERSION A / D IN PROGRESS, 327 BEQ SUITEB 5, GO TO SUITEB 5,328 RTS

  329 SUITEB 5 LDX NUMBER BAC 330 LDA CTPASS 331 CMP # $ 03 332 BCC INCCT; IF CTPASS <3, GO TO INNC 333 LDA # $ 00 334 STA CTPASS; BUT IF CTPASS≥ 3, 0 N FACT CTPASS = O 335 LDX NUMBER BAC 336 LDA OLD, X 337 CMP # $ FF 338 BEQ SUITEB 6, IF OLDER = $ FF, GO TO SUITEB 6,339 CLC

  340 ADC # * $ 01 341 ANCIENT STA, X, ELSE, ANCIENT INCREASED 342 SUITEB 6 CPX # $ 07 343 BCC NEXT BAC, IF X <7, GO TO "NEXT BAC" 344 LDX # $ 00, BUT IF X≥ 7.0 N FACT X = O 345 NEXT BAC INX 346 STX BAC NUMBER UPDATE OF BAG NUMBER 347 INCCT LDY CTPASS 348 INY

  349 STY CTPASS; INCREMENTATION OF CTPASS 350 CPX # $ 07 351 BNE SUITEB 1 352 JMP BUTTONS IF NUMBER OF BAC = 7, GO TO BUTTONS "353 SUITEB 1 CPY # $ 01 354 BNE SUITEB 7; IF CTPASS NO = 1, GO IN SUITEB 7 355 DEX

356 TXA

357 ASL A 358 TAX

  359 LDA # $ 01 360 STA (INTCANAL + 12, X) CANAL ACTIVATION A-D (AMPLITUDE) 361 TXA

362 LSR A 363 TAX

364 INX

  365 LDA ORA 366 ORA # $ 08 367 STA ORA 368 AND # $ F 7; ON PA 3, PULSE OF 369 STA ORA; REQUEST FOR CONVERSION A-D. 370 LDA NOTE IN PROGRESS, X; SHAPE OF 371 AND # $ 7 F; NOTE NUMBER (REMOVE MSB) 372 STA BYTE TO TRANSMIT; AND SEND TO 373 JSR SEND MESSAGE; RECEIVER VIA CIRCUIT 6522 374 RTS

  375 SUITEB 7 CPY # $ 02 376 BEQ SUITEB 9; IF CTPASS = 2, GO TO NEXT 9 377 LDA OUTPUT CV AD; A <MEASURED VALUE OF PORTA 378 CMP * $ 7 F

  SI A 3 Id 333 88 31 SU 3 ^ 3 AA ON 39 39 VSSBW'IO ^ N 3 f SP vlfln 538 'S Indt 3 Mi 13 WSIUV 8 i'V'13130 VIS IV SIW GSW NOS 13' WW N 3 '08 $ # VUO w av A ^ Vn 3 a ivi Lnns 3: B 3 aniidwvi X'1 d WV Vi 5 Z = SS Vd 13 'I 3 He has 3' 3 IUOS Va & 691 úIfns Sf 1 i B 39 SSBW ' IOAN 3 f Sl 3 Uii 3 WSNVU 1 i'U'13130 VIS IV SIW 8 SW: 3 859 v S 53 W n U NOI Jfi 8 d 3 Ud '08 R # VUO X'VUI Od V 13 Vl U Od'IOAN 3.l B 3 U Vo N 3 3911 U'13 B> UJ 53 O IXVW 313 NN 3 I 3 NV = <313 NN 3 13 NV IS XVW 3 NU d W 3 X'NN 3 13 NU Va 3 VU 1 Od IOAN 3 ,, NB 3 H 3 IBV tl M Od'IO ^ N 3 3 N 8 UO W 10 Ia BW SNVS NO Ild O IS 'Wl N' nl OAS 1 I i O o $ # ua 8831 Ins * Si 1 T i 3 SIW 313 NNBI 3 NI X'NN 3 IONV Vl S TO $ # val Y 535 IW JIM Od 13 31 N 311 i N 3 310 N 'X'Uli Od V 15 X & 31 N 31 V'N 3' 31 ON VLS oos # va 31 N 311 WN 3 31 ON> N / A 3 N 3 310 N X & S One O 3 'N 3 '31 ON X'31 N 311 V'N 3 '31 ON Ik J Od ZIODN 3 V 1 L Od 3 NOZ N 3 SIW 3 $ S XVLIO Dd AA $ # vali 8631 IS N 3 311 V & 319 I Vi 3 GU 1 It Id WV 9 I 5 331388 U 31 GOOD NO I ld OS Ud IS 89311 f S "wn N loel 80 $ # 893 i If SN 3 U 31 i 1 'Z = <3 anlh I 1 d WI IS S-SB 3 Ins l 05 $ # X' ldff l WU N 3 3 SIW 33 YI 53 W UlúOd JNONIS X'UL> O Jd ú) Ad 13 U 8 U '33 $ = (WW N 3) UI Od ISIX 13 IYU X'd $ # X 'W 1,0 vud a N 8 Mdsr 3 N 6 d WI I 38 ZPS d W 3 Ual * * * l SO Ltl Zb Tt 9 t 1 út,

OZ6 T O 8 T O

  szt, zotr 9 T O 'sztr & ÜT 8 ZT Tlt, / iu o O tt 66 t ail?

98 ú SLT

96 ú ú 62 i 16 ú ú 62 i 6 i

062 68 ú 88 ú

98 ú c: Be '

58 ú 918 ú ú 82 Z 82 T 8 ú

08 ú 6.ú

  V 18 Od unod GU 1 INU 3 NOI AI 3 U 53 a B (<X'VNU 31 NNI) 00 $ # 3 L $ # Y 33 Y 93 GN 3 t JI V 3 NOIL $ # = <"33 a 53 W : IM Od ISI ú Wd VIS 3 L $ # Z 531 In S

XIII XVI

  U.S.U.S.VX 1 val Xvi 1 UX 1 X 3 to Z 831 Ir 338 (31 In S) i nt 13 Bla U t L -

SZSLSSZ

72 -

TABLE 1 (CONTINUED).

433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441

442 443 444 445

446,447

448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456

DEX TXA ASL TAX LDA STA LDA

STA TXA LSR TAX

INX LDA ORA STA AND STA LDA

STA LDA BIT BNE LDA

STA # $ 00

  (INTCANAL + 12, X) CANCEL AMPLITUDE DEACTIVATION # $ 01

(INTCANAL, X) PORTA CANAL ACTIVATION

ORA # $ 08 ORA

  # $ F 7; ON PA 3, PULSE OF ORA; CONVERSION REQUEST A-D. # $ 10

  ANCMAX; MAXIMUM ANCIENNETE <# $ 10 # $ 04

  END NUM? OPTION "LONG NOTE"? FINB 4, IF NO, GO IN FINB 4 # $ 30

  ANCMAX; IF YES, SENIORITY MAXI <# $ * 30

  457 BUTTONS 4 RTS 458 BUTTONS CF 459 BNE St 460 LDX NL 461 CPX # * 462 BCC SL 463 JMP SIL 464 SUITEB 3 T) 465 ASL A 466 TAX 467 LDA # $ 468 STA (I 469 TXA 470 LSR A 471 TAX 472 LDA OF 473 ORA # 1 474 STA OF

"Y # * 01

  JITEB 10, IF CTPASS NO = 1, GO TO JMERO BUTTON, HERE, CTPASS = 1 $ 04

  JITEB 3, IF NUMBER BUTTON≥ # 04, CAD JITEB 16, DIGITAL BUTTON, GO TO XA

SUITEBO 10 SI

SUITEB 16

  $ 01; CHANNEL ACTIVATION BUTTON FOR INTCANAL + 24, X); ANALOG -DIGITAL CONVERTER

RA $ 08 RA

475,476

  477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486

AND * # $ F 7; ON PA 3, IMPULSE OF

  STA ORA REQUEST FOR CONVERSION A-D. SUITEB 16 LDA # * $ 7 F; SENDING THE MESSAGE

  STA OCTET TO TRANSMIT; u 7 FUCAD CODE

  JSR SEND MESSAGE; "BUTTONS" (1 ERROR OF THE MESSAI

RTS

SUITEBO 10 CPY # $ 02

  BNE SUITEB 12, IF CTPASS NO = 2, GO IN SUITEB 12

  LDX NUMBER BUTTON; ICICTPASS = 2 IF NUMBER

  CPX # $ 04; BUTTON≥ # $ 04 (CAD IF BUTTON

  BCS SUITEB 13; DIGITAL), GO TO SUITEB 13 LDA OUTPUT CV AD; BUT IF ANALOG BUTTON,

SE) 73 -

TABLE 1 (CONTINUED).

487,488,499,490,491,492,493,494,495

  496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507

508 509 510

  511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528

4 *

  STA ANAL BUTT, X; NUMBERED BUTTON VALUE

ANALOGUE IS PUT IN RAM

TXA

ASL A

TAX

LDA # $ 00

  STA (INTCANAL + 24, X); DEACTIVATION Cd TXA LSR AT TAX

JMP SUITEB 14

  SUITEB 13 LDA BAC PHYS END NUMBUL BUT

  STA BOUT ANAL, X; TAKES ITS VALUE IN RI SUITEB 14 ORA # $ 80; FORMATTING THE MES If

STA OCTET TO TRANSMIT

JSR SEND MESSAGE

RTS

  SUITEB 12 LDA NUMBER BUTTON, HERE, CTPASS = 3

ANAL CONV A-D

  ON DIGITAL, ONLY WITH AGE (MSB MIS A 1)

ORA STA JSR LDA CMP

BCC LDA JMP

# $ 80

  BYTE TO TRANSMIT SEND MESSAGE SEND, BUTTON NUMBER, WITH MSB = 1 NUMBER BUTTON # $ 04, IF SUITEB NUMBER 15, BUTTON <MAX NUMBER, GO TO SUITEB 15 # $ 00

SB 18

SUITEB 15 CLC

ADO # $ 01; INCREMENTATION

  SB 18 STA NUMBER BUTTON; BUTTON NUMBER

RTS

SEND MESSAGE LDA # $ 00

  STA LDA STA LDA STA LDA STA STA LDA LDA STA

ACR; REGISTER WITH OFFSET OFFSET

  * $ 14; REGISTER WITH SHIFT OFFSET ACR; OUTPUT ACCORDING TO SECOND TIMER # $ 14

T 2 LL

# $ 00

  T 2 CH, SECOND TIMER OCTET TO TRANSMIT SR

# $ 01

T 1 LH; REPEAT FIRST TIMER

529 RTS

  530 SEND 2 PORTA LDA NOTE IN ATTENTEX

531 532 533 534 535 536

537,538,539

CMP BEQ

CMP BEQ LDA

CMP BCC DEC JMP

  # $ 00; IF WAITING NOTE = O, END 1; GOING TO END 1 NOTE IN PROGRESS, X; IF N IN PROGRESS, END 1; GO TO END 1 NUMBER BAC

  # $ 02; IF NUMBER BAC IN PROGRESS <2 (CAD SI = 1), CONTINUE B11; GO TO SUITE B11 NUMBER BAC

  FIN 1; ELSE, NUMBER BAC DECREMENTEPUIS FINI LDA # $ 07; SPECIAL CASE: LE

540 SUITEB 11

74 -

TABLE 1 (CONTINUED).

541,542,543

  STA NUMBER BAC, NUMBER OF BAC VALAIT 1 END 1 JSR SENDING PORTA

RTS

545 TEST ROPE LDX ROPE

546,547,548,549 550,551

552,553,554,555

  556,557,558,559 560,561 562,563,564,565,566,567,568

  569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586

587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594

  STX LDA ORA AND STA LDX LDA ORA AND AND STA NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP NOP LDA AND STA LDA ORA STA LDA ORA STA RTS

  PREVIOUS ROPE UPDATE OF "PREVIOUS ROPE" ORA

  # $ 01; PORT PAO MIS A 1: TRANSPARENT TOGGLES. # $ BF; PORT PA 6 MIS TO 0: SAMPLER 57 ORA; (FIGURE 5) OR SH 7 (FIGURE 10) MEMORIZED. ROPE

  IMAGE BRIDGE-1, X; IMAGE BRIDGE FITTED IN A # $ 80; PORT PB 7 IS UNCHANGED # * FE; PORT PBO PASS AO (ORB AUTHORIZATION, PUMP MASS), AND PORTS PB 1 TO PB 6 ORB; TAKE THE IMAGE OF THE BRIDGE.

WAITING FOR

STABILIZATION OF

COMPARATOR MODULE OF

TENSIONS

ORA * $ FE

ORA ORB

* # $ 7 F ORB ORA # $ 40 ORA

  PORT PAO MIS A 0: THE ROCKETS; STORING THE STATE OF FREQUENCIES

  STOPPING THE PULSE IN THE ROPE PORT PA 6 MIS A 1: SAMPLE; BLOCKER 57 OR SH 7 TRANSPARENT.

  CALCULATION NOTE LDX # $ 02; X = NUMBER OF FRET BIN-1

LDA BACFRET 3

  CMP # $ FF; IF BAC 3 FREIGHT IS 0,

  BNE BAC FOUND, GO TO "BAC TROUVE"

LDX # $ 01; ELSE, ON DECREES X

LDA BACFRET 2

CMP # $ FF; FRET TO O IN TRAY 2?

  BNE BAC FOUND, IF YES, GO TO "BAC TROUVE"

LDX # $ 00;

  LDA BACFRET 1: IT IS NECESSARY TO TAKE THE TRAY 1

  BAC FINDS LDY # $ 08; WILL BE THE NUMBER OF FREIGHT IN

* BAC (FROM O TO 7)

  BOUCLEC 1 DEY; START WITH NUMBER FREQUENCIES

CPY # $ 01; HIGH

  BCC FREIGHT FOUND, IF Y <1, GO TO "FREIGHT FOUND"

  ROL A; TEST ON FREIGHT: IF FREIGHT IS

  BCS BOUCLEC 1; A 1 (NOT ACTIVE), ON LOOP

  FREIGHT FINDS TXA, HERE, WE FIND THE FREIGHT THAT IS

* AT MAXIMUM VOLTAGE,

TABLE 1 (CONTINUED).

  595 ASL A AND X = NUMBER OF BAC CONCERNED, AND

  596 ASL A; Y NUMBER OF FREIGHT IN BAC

597 ASL A: WE MAKE A = 8 * X

598 STY NUM FRETTE 599 CLC

  600 ADC NUM FRETTE; A = 8 * X + Y = NUMBER OF 601 STA NUM FRETTE; FRET ON HANDLE (FROM O TO 22) 602 LDA ROPE 603 SEC

  604 SBC # $ 01 605 STA BY 2 606 ASL A 607 ASL A; A = 4 * (ROPE-1)

608 CLC

  609 ADO PAR 2; A = 5 * (ROPE-1) 610 CLC

  611 ADC NUM FRETTE; A = 5 * (ROPE-1> + NUM FRET 612 CLC

  613 ADC # $ 01; A = NOTE NUMBER (MOST NUMBER 614 LDY STRING; LOW IS 1) 615 CPY * $ 05 616 BEQ OFFSET; IF STRING = 5, GO TO "OFFSET" 617 CPY # $ 06 618 BNE FINC 2, IF ROPE NO = 61 GO TO "FINC 2" 619 OFFSET 620 SBC # $ 01; OFFSET FOR ROPE 5 OR 6 621 FINC 2 STA N REAL NOTE; ICIN REAL NOTE = TRUE NUMBER OF 622 *; NOTE, AND NUM FRET = NUMBER OF

623 *; FREIGHT ON THE HANDLE

624 RTS

625 *

  626 ORG $ D 7 FA 627 DW LAUNCH, VECTOR IRQ 628 DW LAUNCH, VECTOR RESET 629 DW LAUNCH, VECTOR NMI

  A 3 $ # x GI IN 3 W 33 NV 3 (8 BIA Vi 3 na 6 ZS It L 531 n Od SB 3 n BSVW)> * l $ Z * b OI $ '80 $ * O $ '0 Z $' L: $ '$ OR% 8 $% to I $ szi Uw

8 AT NIS-539 VWI

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O $ 980

ON 3 has its

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TABLE 2 (CONTINUED).

  163 STA T DECAL 164 STA TRANSPOSITION, HERE, NO TRANSPOSITION. 165 JMP SUITE 4 166 RAZ DECAL LDA # * $ FF 167 LDX # $ 00

  168 BUCKLE 7 STA KEYBOARD, X; SETTING ALL BITS KEYBOARD, 169 STA REPRO OCT, X, AND THEIR IMAGES IN RAM 170 INX

171 CPX # $ 08

172 BCC LOOP 7 173 RTS

  174 SUITE 4 LDA OCTET LU 175 CMP # $ 31; IF NOTE TOO HIGH TO BE 176 BCS 5104; TRANSPOSED, GO TO 5104 177 CMP # $ 00

  178 BEQ 5104, NO TRANSPOSITION ON A NULL NOTE. 179 CLC

  ADC TRANSPOSITION, POSSIBLE TRANSPOSITION 181 5104 STA NUM NOTE 182 JMP BEGIN 183 SUITE 2 LDA TEMOINO 184 CMP # $ 01; WITNESS = 1? 185 BEQ SUITE 5; IF YES, GO IN CONTINUATION 5 186 JMP START 187 NEXT 5 LDA NUM OCTET; CHECK 188 CMP # $ 02 COHERENCE OF THE MESSAGE (IT MUST BE 189 BCS 8105, THEN THE OCTET NUMBER 190 JMP LAUNCH BE> 1). 191 5105 CMP # $ 03; OCTET NUMBER ≥ 3? 192 BCS SUITE 7, IF YES, GO TO NEXT 7 193 LDA # * $ 03, BUT IF NO, NUMBER OF FUTURE 194 STA NUM OCTET; OCTET IS SET TO 3 HERE, 2 ND BYTE 195 LDA OCTET LU; MESSAGE. 196 AND # $ 7 F; OCTET RECEIVED IS SET IN ZONE "AMPLITUDE", 197 STA AMPL; AFTER DELETION OF ITS MSB 198 LDA WITNESS BUTTON 199 CMP # $ 01; IS THIS A BUTTON? 200 BNE SUITE 6; IF NO, GO TO 6,20 JMP START 202 NEXT 6 LDA ORA 203 ORA # $ 80

  204 STA ORA INVALIDATION OF CONVERTER D-A 205 LDA AMPL

206 ORA # $ 80

  207 STA ORA; AMPLITUDE SETUP FOR CONVERT DA 208 LDA NUM NOTE 209 AND # $ 3 F; PROCESSING KEYBOARD KEY NUMBER IN 210 SEC; DELETING THE FIRST TWO BITS 211 SBC # $ 01; AND RETRANCHING 1,212 STA NUM KEY 213 EOR # $ OF; INVERSION OF 4 BITS RIGHT 214 AND # $ 7 F; DELETION OF THE MSB 215 STA ORB; SETTING THE ADDRESS OF THE CHANNEL FOR CONV. 216 LDA NUM NOTE

  3 NU 33 NO 3 1 Is nu 1 V 3 IF Wi W V'3 s UWI V 1 S OLZ WUW'39 UWI VJO 69 Z 69 ZSIOL siin IU 3 53 B Nn O 3 year N 31 NO 3 3 M * B 9 Z úNVIN 353 Bd 3 B 13130 Nn 1 N 3 IIN 03 VS X'130 'O Ud 3 J WU 1 úZ 9 13313 S XGI 99 Z WVU N 3 3 SIW 3 IIUNI 9 39 UWII WUB'3 UWI Vl S 59 Z' 53 no SVW S 3 a Nn E * br 9 ZB 3 NNOI 103313 S Jn Od 3 SI 3 II I 531 X & NIS'53 BVWI Uva ú 9 z 136 LVO 3 a úNV 9 V a 3 13 VA 3 Nn IN 3 IIN 00 Xi XVI Z 9 Z 3 H 3 nf Ol 30 O 3 wnf N na Z 13 'I & O 56 II 5319 LO $ # UNV T 9 Z a N 3 B Jd N Ot 3 H 3 noi'wn NW 3 I 09 Z 3 NU 33 NO 3 659 Z St L 1 In 13 13 nu 3 ss 3 Ua V 9 3 GE 1333 S VIS 65 Z a 3 If 33 NI 13130 1 3 3 S Info'L VO 3 G * 8 Z INV 99 V a 3 l VA 3 Nn i N 3 Ii N 03 W & I 3 I'31 IOUG VI VB 59 ZZ 3 N 3 WU 5331 NO 135 VU If 95 Z 13 'b'u If I Se 531 3 BA 3 SNO 3 N 31 VU 51 55 Z NO * 3 H 3 n OI 3 BO 3 Wfl N 31 o N 3 Ud NO g U 3 IAU 135 8 ú $ # GNU b 5 Z na 118 Nn IU 3 Bi 13 W VA NOI 3 IS 3 H 3 noilwn N val 13 BUU ú 5 Z bt 13 Ins of WP ZZ goes fn 3 ss IU 3 AN 03 O NOI 1 UWIV Ai v B Vi S Z

IL $ # UNU 05 Z

  FL UG 6 tr Z 13 H Ui U & Zs * # = <t 180 d ISS 13 UJU 563 sfrz AL $ # d W 3 úb ZV Hl Od v U 1 9 b Z 33 n N 310 N IS NBI 3 l IV 3 3 NN Ol 83 a O 038 G z 00 $ # d W 3 tb Z 3 i ON'Wfn Nval út Z va 'IB 3 AN 03 A Od 339 Ud N 3 3 SIWI at OV 1 Zt Z 19 NU 3 3 S 53 BGIU A $ # UNV It Z 3 O $ # J 03 Ob Z VI Od mfl Od Xn WNU T 19 3 B 39 UVUV 33 Gt U $ # 3 GU 6 úZ 313 8 g Z 3 H 3 f Ol'Wn NU 3 LúZ goes SSI 13 ANO 03 fn Od 33 V 3 d N 3 3 SIW Vi M Odi VèO U 1 S 9 úZ 08 $ # VJO 55 ZV It U Od v Ua búZ goes Bn 3 ss Il U 3 ANO 3 NO Ii UGI 9 VNI Vul V 1 S úúZ 08 $ # WO ZúZ vao Val IúZ B 3 l Ins N 3 M 3 110 UB 3 Iin S 038 o Z 'N Oln OS Nn a úIsv S l I If 10 $ # d W 3 6 ZZ - m O Ea NIOWB 31 UW 8 ZZ GSW NOS 3 B NOIS 53 Bddn St V 1 i Od VIS t ZZ 53 Bd V '8 V 1 J Od J Bn 39 V ^ A 3 NOZ i L $ # * NU 9 ZZ N 3 SIW 153 nf 3 to 13130 10 nf 1131 o O vao SZZ 3 US 53 W na 131 i 30 3 W 3 ú & I 3 I'Z V SIWI 13130 'Wn N ULS b ZZ i 53 13130 ui m na or B 3 wn Nl 10 $ # v UB 31 l Ins úZZ - n 3 o E dw L e 3 BU ZZZ ic a 3 SSI 183 BNO 3 NOIIUIIVUA WO VIS IZZ AL $ # GNU OZZ WUO val 61 Z 333 n N 310 N IS N 31 l IV 3 3 N NO 83 Br 03 B Bl Z 00 $ * # d W 3 LTZ (31 In S ) Z n V 3 11 v O o

SZS SUZ

81 -

TABLE 2 (CONTINUED).

  271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 206 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323

STA STA JMP SUITE 8

* AND TAX CMP BCC STA LDA STA JMP SUITE 10

ORA STA

LDA ORA STA LDA AND

  CLC ADC EOR STA LDA AND STA LDA AND STA JMP SUITE 14

  AND LSR LSR LSR STA LDA AND TAX LDA STA LDX LDA AND STA STA STA JMP ORG

DW DW DW

  REPRO OCT, X; UPDATE IN RAM KEYBOARD, X; THE PHYSICAL KEY IS STARTED; HIGH POTENTIAL. LDA PORTA; HERE, IT IS A BUTTON (3 EAST OCTET

  * $ 7 F; MESSAGE) IF ANALOG BUTTON (CAD IF NUMBER

  * $ 04; BUTTON IS <* # 04), CONTINUE 10; GO TO 10 AMPL, THE VALUE OF THE BUTTON IS SENT TO PHYSIC OUTPUT; PHYSICAL OUT (VALUE BUTTON, X, DIGITAL BUTTON), AND GETTING STARTED ALSO IN RAM.) LDA ORA; HERE, ANALOG BUTTON

# $ 80 ORA

AMPL # $ 80 ORA PORTA # $ 7 F

  # $ 7 A # $ OF ORB ORA # $ 7 F ORA AMPL # $ 7 F

INVALIDATION OF CONVERTER D-A

  AMPLITUDE SETUP FOR CONVERSION; BUTTON NUMBER

  122-CHANNEL SHIFT, 4-BIT ROUND INVERSION, ADDRESS SET-UP FOR CONVERSION, CONVERTER VALID D-A

  VALUES BOUT, X; VALUE UP TO RAM START LDA NUM TOUCHE; HERE, WE WILL GET A # $ 38; BITS FROM THE KEYBOARD

A A A

  SELECT; PROCEDURE SIMILAR TO THAT NUJM KEY; KEYBOARD BITTING # $ 07

  IMAGES BIN + 8, X PICTURE RAM SELECT REPRO OCT, X PICTURE RAM IMAGE RAM REPRO OCT, X KEYBOARD, X START $ D 7 FA LAUNCH; VECTOR IRQ LAUNCH; VECTOR RESET LAUNCH; VECTOR NMI

Y / Z'Z

  U Lt 'ooo Lt, # (001.v OOT.'oozz (OO Lt'0 T OO 1' 0> 01 O 'I Ql> 01

IQ> 1 OT

  > 1 Z 8 / _it, OOLZ> 1 1 1 The * 00 e OOS:> 1 Z E

> 1 Z 8

  O 00 z O Ob> 1 Z> 1 tr> 18 n 91 63 83 3 93 53 b 3 ú 3 * 'Am úAd ZIA T 3

TA 1 9 LL 95 L

  TLM ú 18 698 89 U 19 M 998 99 * tr 9 ú 98

698 9/198 / 198

* '/ 198 ú / 198

  8 Zu W 9> 1 8 ZI n OZ Zr> 1 O ze W I W T W I W I O Q I

: 4 Q 8

  OT> l 1 m Zi 8 L 01 to 01 'Z'Z: 4 L M' 1 T

: 'Z O' I L '*'> 1 LI

  > 1 1 'm 01 L 01 M Z'Zl> 1 LQ It m O' m '1 M O T> 1 2' 1,> 1 Lit,> 1 O T b L * t

Z / 198 I / 198

O / 198 9/098

  S / 098 '/ 098 ú / 098 Z / 098 1/098 0/098

6 C 8

959 T 85

9 g U Ig 8

T 9> 8 ú 5 1 * '8

  9 * '8 6 ú 8 B 8 b 9 ú 8 Stlu 9 tu Ub Yl itru 6 úU Lúèi 9 úu SúU t QI 1 Lit'> 1 1> 1 The * 'tm 1 *> 1 1> 1 1 '*' t

A O '11

  1 L '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '? l Wl T Zú 8 tzó% 1

Tú 8 0 úY

6 Z 8 L 8 6 ZM

9 Z 1 CZ) U

  17 z EI úZY IZY 8 0 1 Ozu 61 T 81 T

91 Y TI 8

* '18 tr Ta ú 18 Zia

IIY 018 68 8 Y L 8

  ú 8 b Y 1 T 8 0 * r azua_à inal A -9 + 9 M amua-J jalale A -e * mua-J jnale A -guy - (spe I * ua s Jnae; suapuom 'swqo ua her 3 ue 4 sisg J)

  SXITT Tn s Jna 4 esuapuo D 4 a samue Ws Tss: ú nf 3 19 Vi Z 8 -

ZSLSSZ

  TABLE 4: transistors and diodes used.

Ref 5 rence Type Ref rence Type

T 1 T 2 T 3 10 T 4

T 5 T 6 T 7

T 8 15 T 9

T 10 Tll T 12 T 13 20 T 14

T 15 T 16

  BC 238 B BC 238 B BC 238 B BC 238 B BD 203 BC 238 BC 238 B BD 204 BC 238 BC 238 B 2 N 2907 BC 238 B BDY 76 BC 250 BC 250 C BC 238 B

  (NPN) (NPN) (NPN) (NPN) (NPN) (NPN) (NPN) (PNP) (NPN) (NPN) (PNP) CNPN) (NPN) (PNP) (PNP) (NPN)

xi X 1

XIA X 1 B

XIC x 1 c

  X 2 X 2 X 2 B X 2 C X 3 X 4 X 5 X 6 X 7

X 8 X 9 X 10 Xll

X 12 X 13 X 14 X 15

X 24 A X 24 B X 24 C

  1 N 4148 1 N 4148 1 N 4148 1 N 4148 1 N 4148 l N 4148 1 N 4148 1 N 4148 1 N 4148 IN 4148 1 N 4148 1 N 4148 1 N 4148 1 N 4148 1 N 4148 1 N 4148 1 N 4148 1 l N 4148 1 N 4585 Zener: 2,4 Zener: 2,4 l N 4148 1 N 4148 1 N 4148 V / 5 m AV / 5 m A

Claims (11)

  A polyphonic fingering transformer from a stringed source instrument to a target instrument, an instrument-source comprising a series of electrically conductive strings (4) and a series of electrically conductive frets (3). electricity and extending transversely to the ropes (4) in the vicinity thereof, characterized in that the transformer comprises a switching means (51) for successively connecting a first end 10 of a cord (4) to a voltage d supply (V 4) and the same end of the other cords to ground, means (10) for connecting a second end of each cord (4) to ground, a voltage comparator (52) having a series of inputs each connected to one of the frets-conductors 15 (3), and means (50, 179) for analysis and control connected to the voltage comparator (52) and to the target instrument and acting on the same. response to received signals the voltage comparator (52).   2 polyphonic transformer according to revendi20 cation 1, characterized in that it further comprises means (T 3) for stopping the flow of current in switching elements (T 4, T 5) of the switching means   (51) when the switching means (51) is at rest.   3 polyphonic transformer according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the means for connecting the second end of the cords (4) to the ground is a conductive nut (10) disposed transversallyentententent ropes (4) and on which -bas permanently.   4 Polyphonic Transformer according to one of the   Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the voltage comparator (52) comprises a series of operational amplifiers (CT 1, CT 2, CT 24) each having an input   inverter and a non-inverting input, each non-inverting input being connected to one of the frets (3) and the inverting inputs being connected to a common line (84), the output of each operational amplifier (CT 1, CT 2, CT 24) being further connected to the common line (84) by means (X 1, X 2, X 3) allowing the current to pass   only in the direction of the exit towards the common line.   Polyphonic transformer according to claim 4, characterized in that the common line (84) is   connected to a voltage (V'2) of opposite polarity to that of the supply voltage (V 4) of the cords (4).   6 polyphonic transformer according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that the frets (3) are connected to a common voltage (V'2) of opposite polarity to that of the supply voltage 15 (V 4) strings (4).   7 Polyphonic Transformer according to one of the   Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises   furthermore a means (12) for validating a rope.   8 polyphonic transformer according to claim 7, characterized in that the means for validating a string is a pliers (12) electrically conductive and connected to one of the inputs (CT 24) of the comparator voltages (52).   9 polyphonic transformer according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises a switch (T 9, Tl O, Tll)   to inhibit the signal from the pick (12).   Polyphonic transformer according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises force sensors   (43) transforming the mechanical voltage variation of the cords (4) into an electrical signal transmitted to the analysis and control means (50, 179).   11 polyphonic transformer according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises at least one sensor   volume converter (115 A) transforming the vibration amplitude of the strings 35 into an electrical signal transmitted to the analysis and control means (50, 179). 12 Polyphonic transformer according to one   claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the   signals from the sensors are transmitted to the analysis and control means (50, 179) via an analog-to-digital converter (53) having a plurality of multiplexed analog inputs comprising: a series of input terminals (M 1 to M 16) receiving the analog voltages to be converted to digital signals, each of the input terminals being connected to the anode of a respective one of a first series of diodes (X 6, X 8) as well as to the anode of a respective diode of a second series of diodes (X 7, X 9), the cathodes of the diodes of the first series of diodes (X 6, X 8) being connected to logic decoding circuits (92, 93) and the cathodes 15 of the diodes of the second series of diodes (X 7, X 9) being connected to a common line (112) itself connected to an input of an operational amplifier (94) whose output is connected to a variable frequency oscillator (97) itself connected to digital counters es (98, 99). 20 13 Polyphonic transformer according to one   Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises   a digital to analog converter with several analog outputs comprising: a series of decoding logic circuits (213 A to 213 H) whose input is connected to the output of the analysis and control means (50, 179) and whose the output is connected to the input (U 1 to U 128) of a sample-and-hold (Z 1 to Z 128), each samplerblocker (Z 1 to Z 128) comprising a first transistor (T 15) whose base is connected to the input (U 1 to U 128) of the sampler, the collector being connected to a common line (NA ') and the emitter being connected to the base of a second transistor (T 16) as well as to a terminal of a capacitor (Cl O) whose other terminal is grounded, the   common line (NA ') being connected to an analog digital converter.   Polyphonic transformer according to claim 13, characterized in that the digital analogue converter comprises a series of switching means (DA O to DA 6) whose output is connected to an input of an operational amplifier (207), the output of which operational amplifier being connected to the common line (NA ')   sample-and-hold devices (Z 1 to Z 128).   Polyphonic transformer according to claim 14, characterized in that each switching means (DAO to DA 6) comprises a transistor (T 14) whose base is connected to the digital control input (PA'0 to PA'6) the transmitter being connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier (207) and the collector being connected to a fixed voltage (LV).   16 Polyphonic transformer according to one   Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the source instrument comprises a printed circuit board (119) having a series of openings (120) passing through   points (121) of the frets (3), the upper face (123) having a conductive coating except for the vicinity of the openings (120), this upper face being electrically separated from the frets (3) by spacers (125), the lower face (126) having conductive tracks (127) connecting the points (121) of the frets (3) to a connector (122) to which is also connected   the conductive portion of the upper face (123).