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FR2401122A1 - Procede pour la conversion des coupes c4 olefiniques de vapocraquage en isooctane et en butane - Google Patents

Procede pour la conversion des coupes c4 olefiniques de vapocraquage en isooctane et en butane

Info

Publication number
FR2401122A1
FR2401122A1 FR7726279A FR7726279A FR2401122A1 FR 2401122 A1 FR2401122 A1 FR 2401122A1 FR 7726279 A FR7726279 A FR 7726279A FR 7726279 A FR7726279 A FR 7726279A FR 2401122 A1 FR2401122 A1 FR 2401122A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
isooctane
olefinic
butane
vapocraquage
cups
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR7726279A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FR2401122B1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Francois Le Page
Jean Cosyns
Jean Miquel
Bernard Juguin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority to FR7726279A priority Critical patent/FR2401122A1/fr
Priority to ZA00784663A priority patent/ZA784663B/xx
Priority to BE1009025A priority patent/BE869864A/fr
Priority to DE19782836645 priority patent/DE2836645A1/de
Priority to IT26919/78A priority patent/IT1098265B/it
Priority to NL7808755A priority patent/NL7808755A/xx
Priority to JP10431478A priority patent/JPS5444604A/ja
Priority to CA000310092A priority patent/CA1120502A/fr
Priority to GB7834658A priority patent/GB2003176B/en
Priority to US05/936,965 priority patent/US4197185A/en
Publication of FR2401122A1 publication Critical patent/FR2401122A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2401122B1 publication Critical patent/FR2401122B1/fr
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
    • C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
    • C07C2/10—Catalytic processes with metal oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
    • C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
    • C07C5/03—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation of non-aromatic carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
    • C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
    • C10G69/12—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step
    • C10G69/126—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one polymerisation or alkylation step polymerisation, e.g. oligomerisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
    • C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • C07C2521/04—Alumina
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C07C2521/12—Silica and alumina
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
    • C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
    • C07C2523/75—Cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
    • C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
    • C07C2523/755—Nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/02—Gasoline

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'isooctane et de butane. Elle est caractérisée en ce que la charge, renfermant notamment des butènes et de l'isobutène, est polymérisée sélectivement puis hydrogénée. Elle s'applique en traitement d'une coupe C4 oléfinique en provenance d'un vapocraquage.
FR7726279A 1977-08-26 1977-08-26 Procede pour la conversion des coupes c4 olefiniques de vapocraquage en isooctane et en butane Granted FR2401122A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7726279A FR2401122A1 (fr) 1977-08-26 1977-08-26 Procede pour la conversion des coupes c4 olefiniques de vapocraquage en isooctane et en butane
ZA00784663A ZA784663B (en) 1977-08-26 1978-08-16 Process for the conversion of olefinic c4 cuts from steam cracking to iso-octane and butane
BE1009025A BE869864A (fr) 1977-08-26 1978-08-21 Procede pour la conversion des coupes c4 olefiniques de steam cracking en isooctane et en butane
IT26919/78A IT1098265B (it) 1977-08-26 1978-08-22 Procedimento per la conversione delle frazioni c4 olefiniche di stean cracking i osoottano ed in butano
DE19782836645 DE2836645A1 (de) 1977-08-26 1978-08-22 Verfahren zur umwandlung von c tief 4 -olefin-fraktionen der dampfcrackung in isooctan und butan
NL7808755A NL7808755A (nl) 1977-08-26 1978-08-24 Werkwijze voor de omzetting van door stoomkraken verkregen alkenische c4-frakties in isooctaan en butaan.
JP10431478A JPS5444604A (en) 1977-08-26 1978-08-25 Method of converting steam cracking c4 olefin fraction to isooctane and butane
CA000310092A CA1120502A (fr) 1977-08-26 1978-08-25 Procede pour la conversion des coupes c.sub.4 olefiniques de steam cracking en isooctane et en butane
GB7834658A GB2003176B (en) 1977-08-26 1978-08-25 Chemical process
US05/936,965 US4197185A (en) 1977-08-26 1978-08-25 Process for the conversion of olefinic C4 cuts from steam cracking to high octane gasoline and butane

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7726279A FR2401122A1 (fr) 1977-08-26 1977-08-26 Procede pour la conversion des coupes c4 olefiniques de vapocraquage en isooctane et en butane

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2401122A1 true FR2401122A1 (fr) 1979-03-23
FR2401122B1 FR2401122B1 (fr) 1980-11-28

Family

ID=9194854

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR7726279A Granted FR2401122A1 (fr) 1977-08-26 1977-08-26 Procede pour la conversion des coupes c4 olefiniques de vapocraquage en isooctane et en butane

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4197185A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5444604A (fr)
BE (1) BE869864A (fr)
CA (1) CA1120502A (fr)
DE (1) DE2836645A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2401122A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2003176B (fr)
IT (1) IT1098265B (fr)
NL (1) NL7808755A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA784663B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0068981A1 (fr) * 1981-06-26 1983-01-05 Institut Français du Pétrole Procédé d'obtention conjointe de butène-1 de haute pureté et de supercarburant à partir d'une coupe C4 oléfinique
FR2515171A1 (fr) * 1981-10-28 1983-04-29 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de valorisation des coupes c4 olefiniques
FR2517668A1 (fr) * 1981-12-08 1983-06-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'obtention conjointe de butene-1 de haute purete, de supercarburant et de combustible pour carbureacteur

Families Citing this family (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2421157A1 (fr) * 1978-03-31 1979-10-26 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede pour la conversion des coupes c4 olefiniques de craquage en alkylat et en essence
US4444988A (en) * 1982-07-22 1984-04-24 Mobil Oil Corporation Use of liquefied propane and butane or butane recycle to control heat of reaction of converting olefins to gasoline and distillate
US4675461A (en) * 1983-06-29 1987-06-23 Mobil Oil Corporation Conversion of LPG hydrocarbons into distillate fuels using an integral LPG dehydrogenation-MOGD process
US4542247A (en) * 1984-09-14 1985-09-17 Mobil Oil Corporation Conversion of LPG hydrocarbons to distillate fuels or lubes using integration of LPG dehydrogenation and MOGDL
US4749820A (en) * 1984-09-14 1988-06-07 Mobil Oil Corporation Integration of paraffin dehydrogenation with MOGD to minimize compression and gas plant separation
JPS63176733U (fr) * 1986-12-01 1988-11-16
JPS63195934U (fr) * 1987-06-05 1988-12-16
IN170837B (fr) * 1987-11-17 1992-05-30 Council Scient Ind Res
JPH06900U (ja) * 1992-06-05 1994-01-11 アラコ株式会社 格納式リヤシート
US5877372A (en) * 1997-11-21 1999-03-02 Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. Isobutylene oligomerization using isooctane diluent
US6153089A (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-11-28 Indian Oil Corporation Limited Upgradation of undesirable olefinic liquid hydrocarbon streams
IT1311999B1 (it) 1999-03-31 2002-03-22 Snam Progetti Miscela liquida adatta come benzina.
US6376731B1 (en) 2000-01-14 2002-04-23 Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. Selective olefin oligomerization
US6329561B1 (en) * 2000-09-27 2001-12-11 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Impurities removal
US6689927B1 (en) 2001-05-07 2004-02-10 Uop Lcc Process for oligomer production and saturation
EP1388528B1 (fr) * 2002-08-06 2015-04-08 Evonik Degussa GmbH Procédé pour l'oligomérisation d'isobutène contenu dans des courants d'hydrocarbures contenant du n-butène
ITMI20031951A1 (it) * 2003-10-10 2005-04-11 Snam Progetti Procedimento per la produzione di miscele idrocarburiche altoottaniche mediante idrogenazione di miscele idrocarburiche contenenti tagli oleifinici ramificati
FR2873116B1 (fr) * 2004-07-15 2012-11-30 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'oligomerisation des olefines utilisant un catalyseur a base de silice-alumine
US20060111598A1 (en) * 2004-11-22 2006-05-25 Shaw-Chan Lin Diisobutylene process
CN101448766A (zh) * 2006-05-19 2009-06-03 国际壳牌研究有限公司 C5和/或c6烯烃的制备方法
WO2007135055A1 (fr) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-29 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procédé de préparation de polypropylène
EP2024307A1 (fr) * 2006-05-19 2009-02-18 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procede de preparation d'une olefine
AU2007253393B2 (en) * 2006-05-19 2011-06-09 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Process for the preparation of an olefin
CA2650560A1 (fr) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-29 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procede d'alkylation d'un cycloalcene
WO2007135043A1 (fr) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-29 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procédé de préparation de propylène et installation industrielle associée
TW200806605A (en) * 2006-05-19 2008-02-01 Shell Int Research Process for the preparation of an olefin
CA2651971A1 (fr) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-29 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procede de preparation de propylene a partir d'une charge d'hydrocarbure
WO2007135045A1 (fr) * 2006-05-19 2007-11-29 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Procédé de préparation d'une oléfine
US8822749B2 (en) * 2007-11-19 2014-09-02 Shell Oil Company Process for the preparation of an olefinic product
CN101868297A (zh) * 2007-11-19 2010-10-20 国际壳牌研究有限公司 用于制备烯烃类产品的方法
US8193402B2 (en) * 2007-12-03 2012-06-05 Gevo, Inc. Renewable compositions
WO2009079213A2 (fr) 2007-12-03 2009-06-25 Gevo, Inc. Compositions renouvelables
FR2926812B1 (fr) 2008-01-28 2010-04-30 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'oligomerisation des olefines utilisant un catalyseur a base de silice-alumine.
CA2753037A1 (fr) * 2009-02-24 2010-09-02 Gevo, Inc. Procedes de preparation de butadiene renouvelable et d'isoprene renouvelable
JP2013506717A (ja) * 2009-10-06 2013-02-28 ジーヴォ，インコーポレイテッド 再生可能なイソブタノールをｐ−キシレンに選択的に変換するための総合プロセス
FR2951164B1 (fr) 2009-10-08 2011-10-21 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'oligomerisation d'une charge hydrocarbonee olefinique utilisant un catalyseur a base d'une silice-alumine macroporeuse
EP2521705A4 (fr) 2010-01-08 2014-06-18 Gevo Inc Méthodes intégrées de synthèse de produits chimiques renouvelables
WO2011135206A1 (fr) 2010-04-28 2011-11-03 IFP Energies Nouvelles Procede d'oligomerisation des olefines utilisant au moins un catalyseur organique possedant une forte densite de sites acides
US8373012B2 (en) 2010-05-07 2013-02-12 Gevo, Inc. Renewable jet fuel blendstock from isobutanol
FR2973394A1 (fr) 2011-03-31 2012-10-05 IFP Energies Nouvelles Procede d'oligomerisation d'une charge hydrocarbonee olefinique utilisant un catalyseur comprenant un materiau de la famille des zif de type structural sod
EP2699618A4 (fr) 2011-04-19 2014-12-17 Gevo Inc Variations des produits chimiques de type prins pour la préparation de 2,5-diméthylhexadiène à partir d'isobutanol
US9745231B2 (en) * 2012-02-08 2017-08-29 Nof Corporation Paraffin mixture and method for producing same
EP2792730A1 (fr) 2013-04-16 2014-10-22 Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited Procédé de production de carburant d'aviation à partir d'un flux de produit de synthèse d'hydrocarbures
FR3017622B1 (fr) 2014-02-19 2017-05-26 Ifp Energies Now Procede d'oligomerisation d'olefines utilisant un catalyseur comprenant une zeolithe et un liant silicique ayant subi une etape de traitement thermique specifique
CN104151119B (zh) * 2014-08-08 2016-01-13 山东利丰达生物科技有限公司 一种碳四深加工制备异辛烷的方法
EP2995600A1 (fr) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-16 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif pour la production d'hydrocarbures
EP2995599A1 (fr) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-16 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et système de fabrication d'hydrocarbures
FR3053355B1 (fr) 2016-06-30 2019-07-26 IFP Energies Nouvelles Procede d'oligomerisation utilisant un catalyseur zeolithique et un catalyseur comprenant une silice alumine

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CA803572A (en) * 1969-01-07 D. Thomas William Production of hydrogenated polymer gasoline
US2349045A (en) * 1939-09-18 1944-05-16 Standard Oil Co Dehydro-aromatization
US2285785A (en) * 1940-07-13 1942-06-09 Universal Oil Prod Co Treatment of hydrocarbons
US3607726A (en) * 1969-01-29 1971-09-21 Universal Oil Prod Co Recovery of hydrogen
US3654136A (en) * 1969-11-26 1972-04-04 Cities Service Oil Co Production of gasoline from natural gas
US3951780A (en) * 1974-10-25 1976-04-20 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Aromatic oils by thermal polymerization of refinery streams

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0068981A1 (fr) * 1981-06-26 1983-01-05 Institut Français du Pétrole Procédé d'obtention conjointe de butène-1 de haute pureté et de supercarburant à partir d'une coupe C4 oléfinique
FR2515171A1 (fr) * 1981-10-28 1983-04-29 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de valorisation des coupes c4 olefiniques
FR2517668A1 (fr) * 1981-12-08 1983-06-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede d'obtention conjointe de butene-1 de haute purete, de supercarburant et de combustible pour carbureacteur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6138234B2 (fr) 1986-08-28
US4197185A (en) 1980-04-08
GB2003176B (en) 1982-03-10
FR2401122B1 (fr) 1980-11-28
JPS5444604A (en) 1979-04-09
IT1098265B (it) 1985-09-07
NL7808755A (nl) 1979-02-28
CA1120502A (fr) 1982-03-23
GB2003176A (en) 1979-03-07
ZA784663B (en) 1979-08-29
DE2836645A1 (de) 1979-03-01
BE869864A (fr) 1979-02-21
IT7826919A0 (it) 1978-08-22
DE2836645C2 (fr) 1989-04-27

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