FR2499693A1 - Solar heat collecting panel - has sectional construction to form roof covering under tiles or slates - Google Patents

Abstract

The solar heat collector is constructed in modular form and comprises an outer container off fixed (18) to the roof trusses (5). The container has a transparent cover (14) and houses the absorber (15) and cooling pipes (16). The pipes of the modules are connected to form a continuous fluid circuit. The modules are covered with tiles or slates (4) which may be transparent or translucent to give a double glazed effect.

Description

 The present invention generally relates to a device for capturing solar radiation disposed at the level of a roof.

 Several proposals have already been made concerning the installation of solar collectors on a roof. However, they correspond to techniques where the complete collection system, that is to say a transparent or translucent element with solar radiation, an absorbent surface or volume of dark color and a circulation volume of a heat transfer fluid is completely often integrated in the cover element in a modular way. The solar collector then plays the part of the roof covering element. In addition, the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in such elements is done in the direction of the slope of the roof from one element to the element directly lower or upper.

 Such characteristics pose serious performance problems. In fact, because of the modular nature of these elements, it is essential to grout their transparent or translucent upper parts one by one in order to avoid thermal losses by convection towards their front face, which are very detrimental to the thermal efficiency of the assembly.

 However, this operation is difficult, long and the durability of the joint exposed to the weather is questionable. In addition, to ensure the essential ventilation of the roof, these solar collector elements are not insulated on their rear face, which leads to high thermal losses during the heating of the heat transfer fluid.

 In addition, the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the direction of the slope poses serious problems of installation taking into account the presence of structural elements, in particular of battens parallel to the fate of the roof and placed perpendicular to the passage of the pipes. circulation of the heat transfer fluid. In addition, the large number of fittings and / or sockets for the circulation of the heat transfer fluid increases the installation difficulties and the risks of leakage q must absolutely be avoided on a roof.

 The present invention has been able to remedy the drawbacks by proposing a device for collecting solar radiation, of the type comprising means forming solar collectors arranged at the level of a roof, comprising covering elements, such as tiles or slates, and a bearing surface of said covering elements generally provided with lattice-forming means, characterized in that, when mounted, said means forming solar collectors are arranged under said covering elements, said collector means resting on said bearing surface and advantageously comprising means intended for laying, the attachment or fixing of one or more of said cover foods.

Therefore, in particular, the element transparent to solar radiation from the sensor is neither exposed to outside air nor to bad weather. This arrangement also makes it possible to avoid the ascent by convection of the air.
heated by the volume or the collecting surface, towards the covering elements and the outside, in particular by gaps in the overlaps or jointing of these elements. The efficiency of the solar collector is thus increased by eliminating the thermal losses before.

 In addition, the presence on the sensors of means intended for the installation, the hanging or the fixing of one or more covering elements makes it possible to eliminate the traditional wooden or metal battens, and thereby to maximize the surface. and the efficiency of the sensor for a given gross area.

 The device according to the invention can be adapted to all types of roofs and it makes it possible to respect the aesthetics of the dwellings since the traditional cover elements placed above the sensor in all cases take up the size and the shape of the elements. of the cover constituting the rest of the roof not equipped with the device according to the present invention.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, each aforementioned sensor has a substantially flattened rectangular parallelepiped shape of which, in the mounted position, the large lower surface rests on the roof and the long sides are substantially parallel to the roof made or substantially perpendicular to the direction. of the slope, said attachment or fixing means being provided on at least one of said large cbtés.

Advantageously, the aforementioned attachment means are constituted by the outer surface of the large side closest to the roof made in the assembled position, said surface Playing the battens line where the corresponding means provided on the covering elements hang. .

 According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the abovementioned sensors have a width less than the length of a covering element so that the free end of said element can rest on the directly lower covering element.

 According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the above-mentioned covering elements are transparent or translucent.

 This arrangement makes it possible to obtain a so-called "double-glazing" effect and leads to an increase in the thermal efficiency of the sensor which is particularly advantageous during a sharp rise in temperature of the heat transfer fluid.

 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each sensor of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape comprises an upper surface transparent or translucent to solar radiation; a surface or a volume for capturing solar radiation placed under said transparent surface; a sealed volume, in contact with said surface or said collection volume, for the heat transfer fluid; a layer of lower insulating material and means for fixing to the roof; said sensor being characterized in that the layer of insulating material has substantially a trough woman in which are at least partially housed said constituent elements of the sensor and whose branches constitute the insulation of the aforementioned long sides of the sensor.

 This rear and lateral insulation of the sensor allows a considerable reduction in rear and lateral thermal losses. In addition, the presence of the transparent surface and the rear insulation allows ventilation of the roof without adversely affecting the performance of the solar collector.

 In addition, in the mounted position, the heat transfer fluid circulates in pipes substantially parallel to the roof fate or substantially perpendicular to the direction of the slit, while the sensor advantageously comprises a sealing coating on its face in contact with the bearing surface. of the roof.

The invention will be understood mbux and other objects, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended schematic drawings given solely by way of example illustrating a mode of the invention and in which
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of part of the surface of a roof comprising the device for collecting solar radiation according to the present invention, before the installation of the covering elements; and
- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device according to the present invention comprising several solar collectors after the pse of covering elements.

 The device 1 for capturing solar radiation comprises means forming solar collectors 2 disposed at the level of a roof comprising covering elements 4, such as tiles or slates, and a bearing surface 5 of covering elements 4 generally provided with means forming battens.

 According to the invention, in the mounted position, said means forming solar collectors 2 are arranged under the covering elements 4 and rest on the bearing surface 5, for example on rafters. The sensors 2 advantageously comprise means 6 intended for the installation, the attachment or the fixing of one or more covering elements 4.

 Each sensor 2 preferably has a substantially flattened rectangular parallelepiped shape, in the mounted position, the large lower surface 7 rests on the roof and the long sides 8, 9 are substantially parallel to the roof roof or substantially perpendicular to the direction of the slope. , attachment or fixing means 6 being provided on at least one of the long sides 8, 9. Advantageously, the attachment means are constituted by the external surface 6 of the large side 9 closest to the made of the roof in mounted position.

The surface 6 then plays the role of battens where the corresponding means provided on the covering elements hang. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, where the covering elements are constituted by mechanical tiles, the means coming to hang on the surface 6 constituting the batten are constituted by lugs 10 substantially perpendicular to the tile 4 proper .

In this case, the sensors 2 have a width less than the length of a covering element so that the free end 11 of this element can rest on the directly lower covering element
Depending on the length of each sensor and the length of the roof or of the roof element which it is desired to equip with the device for collecting solar radiation according to the invention, a certain number of sensors is provided in the horizontal direction, this that is to say substantially parallel to the roof made or substantially perpendicular to the direction of the slope, connected by rigid or flexible, straight couplings 12. In addition, rigid or flexible, circular or coupled couplings 13 are provided for connecting two sensors or two series of neighboring sensors in the vertical or slope direction, that is to say placed one above the other or one above the other.

 To obtain a double glazing effect, the covering elements 4 can be made of a transparent or translucent material.

 The solar collector 2 used in a particular embodiment of the solar radiation capture device according to the present invention will be described below in more detail.

 Each solar collector 2s of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape comprises an upper surface 14 transparent or translucent to solar radiation constituted for example by a thin glass window or a transparent flexible film. ; a surface or a volume 15 for capturing solar radiation placed under the transparent surface 14; a sealed volume 16, in contact with the surface or the collecting volume 15, for the heat transfer fluid; a layer of lower insulating material 17 and means 18 for fixing to the roof, in particular to the rafters.

 The layer of insulating material 17 has a sensitive ~ ~ shape of a trough in which are housed at least partially the constituent elements of the sensor. The branches 19 of the layer of insulating material constitute the insulation of the large cities 8, 9 of the sensor, which in particular makes it possible to avoid lateral heat losses. The layer of insulating material 17 itself makes it possible to avoid rear heat losses.

 In addition, the sensor being in the mounted position, the heat transfer fluid circulates in conduits 20 substantially parallel to the roof duct or substantially perpendicular to the direction of the slope. In addition, the sensor 2 comprises a sealing coating 21 on its face in contact with the bearing surface of the roof which makes it possible to protect the interior of the dwelling from possible leaks of the heat transfer fluid.

 To seal the volume between the collecting surface or volume 15 and the transparent surface 14, a volume which may contain a gas or additionally placed in partial vacuum, a seal 22 is provided between the collecting surface 15 and the transparent upper surface 14.

 The main purpose of the transparent upper surface 14 is to achieve the desene effect necessary for the good performance of the invention and in particular to limit the heat losses by forward convection of air or gas heated by solar radiation. This surface does not provide any covering function for the dwelling and therefore is not exposed to bad weather, these functions being provided by the covering element 4 which may be transparent or translucent.

 Advantageously, the collection surface 15 is shaped to occupy substantially the bottom of the insulation 17 in the form of a trough and cover the pipes 20 for transporting the heat-transfer fluid, pipes partially embedded in the rear insulation. In addition, the solar collector 2 can also be placed in a tank 23 constituting the formwork of the rear insulation 17 and in particular recover the lower surface 7 and the large cttds 8 and 9 of the collector.

Additional solar collectors may be provided for the conversion of radiated heat or sunlight into electrical energy, these collectors having to be connected together electrically in a group.

 The device for collecting solar radiation according to the present invention is produced in the following manner.

On the roof structure, we have the
solar collectors 2 substantially parallel to the roof made or substantially perpendicular to the direction of the slope. Connections are then made between the neighboring collectors in the horizontal and perpendicular direction of the slope, then between the neighboring collectors in the vertical or slope direction, thus covering at least part of the roof with several series of collectors.
substantially parallel to each other, The long side
closest to the roof fate in the mounted position, each sensor or each series of sensors serving as battens, that is to say as means for hooking the cover elements, each series of sensors should be sufficiently spaced from the immediately lower and immediately higher series to allow the introduction between two series of sensors of the corresponding attachment means of the covering elements, for example the tabs 10 of the tiles 4.Once the solar collectors are placed on the roof and fixed to the latter, in particular on the rafters, by any suitable means 18, it is possible to place on the sensors the possibly transparent or translucent covering elements proper of the roof. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, these elements consist of mechanical tiles, the tabs 10 of which approach the long side 9 forming a batten of each sensor or of each series of sensors while the free end 11 rests on the next lower tile,
One thus obtains a device for capturing solar radiation placed at the level of a roof which is exposed neither to outside air nor to bad weather, the front, rear or lateral heat losses of which are considerably reduced compared to the devices
known and which can adapt to any type of roof while respecting the aesthetics of the homes.

 Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described and shown which has been given only by way of example. In particular, it includes all the means constituting technical equivalents of the means described, as well as their combinations, if these are executed according to the spirit and implemented in the context of protection as claimed.

Claims (9)

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S  1. Device for collecting solar radiation, of the type comprising means forming solar collectors disposed at the level of a roof comprising covering elements, such as tiles or slates, and a bearing surface of said covering elements generally provided with means forming battens , characterized in that in the mounted position, said means forming solar collectors (2) are arranged under said ee% qents of cover (4), said sensor means resting on the bearing surface (5) and advantageously comprising means (6) intended for the installation, the attachment or the fixing of one or more of said elements (4) of cover.  2. Device according to claim i, characterized in that each aforementioned sensor (2) has a sensitive shape  flattened rectangular parallelepipedal whose, in the assembled position, the large lower surface '7) rests on the roof and the large ribs (, 9) are substantially parallel to the roof ridge or substantially perpendicular to the direction of the slope, said means (6 ) hooking and fixing being provided on at least one of said long sides.  3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the above hooking means (6) consist of the outer surface of the long side (9) closest to the fault of the roof in the mounted position, said surface playing the role of batten where hang corresponding means provided on the aforementioned cover elements.  4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aforementioned sensors (2) have a width less than the length of a cover element (4) above so that the end of said element can rest on the cover element directly below.  5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the above-mentioned covering elements (4) are transparent or translucent.  6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, each aforementioned sensor of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape comprising a transparent or translucent upper surface to solar radiation; a surface or a volume for capturing solar radiation placed under said transparent surface a sealed volume, in contact with said surface or said volume for collecting, for the heat transfer fluid; a lower layer of insulating material and means for fixing to the roof, characterized in that said layer of insulating material (17) has substantially a trough shape in which are at least partially housed said constituent elements of the sensor, and whose branches (19) constitute the insulation of the aforementioned long sides (8, 9) of the sensor.  7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that in the mounted position, the heat transfer fluid circulates in conduits (20) substantially parallel to the roof made or substantially perpendicular to the direction of the slope.  8. Device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the sensor (2) comprises a coating (21) sealing on its face in contact with the bearing surface of the roof.  9. Roof, characterized in that it is equipped with a device for capturing solar radiation according to one of claims 1 to 8.