FR2481376A1 - VOLUMETRIC PALLET MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

THE PROPOSED INVENTION RELATES TO A VOLUMETRIC PALLET MACHINE. IT IS CHARACTERIZED IN THAT IT APPLIES TO AN ORIGINAL GEOMETRIC DEFINITION OF THE CRANKCASE, POSSIBLY COMBINED WITH A PARTICULAR ORGANIZATION OF THE PALLETS. APPLICATION TO THE MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN GENERAL AND TO FLUID DRIVE OR RECEIVER MACHINES IN PARTICULAR.

Description

2 4 8 1376

  The present invention relates to a volumetric machine "capsulism" with pallets, using any type of

  fluid and operating as a driving or receiving machine.

  This capsulism is essentially composed of the following elements: - a cylindrical piston,

  a casing surrounding this piston, consisting of flanges perpendicular to

  to the axis of the piston, as well as a surface ferrule

  inside cylindrical which is not of revolution, of genera-

  parallel to the piston axis,

  - a set of pallets in contact with the piston and the car-

  ter, so as to separate in several working chambers.le useful volume between the piston and the housing,

  - controlled or automatic lights or valves, allow-

  both the admission and the escape of the fluid.

  A number of pallet machines

  responding to this general description have been proposed since

  for a very long time in order to ensure compression, pumping or

  the relaxation of various fluids. (These machlines are generally

  to provide a satisfactory compromise to the different

  classically imposed on them (displacement, ratio vo-

  luminescent, shape of chambers, arrangement, number and shape of pallets, efforts over them, sliding speed on

  the housing and its variation, simplicity of manufacture and

morphological control, ...).

  The object of the present invention is

  to broaden this compromise by using a geo-

  original metric of the casing, possibly in combination with

  particular organization of the pallets, this approach is

  :.) Nt ' the realization of the Ichilltes at the feet of the world.

  According to this object, the shell of the housing has for

  a uniform distance curve D of a continuous curve

  nude of order of symmetry s, consisting successively of the following arcs of curves, repeated s times: - an arc of circumference (1) radius (Rm - ED), centered at a point O and angular aperture ai, Rm and E designating two 2 -

  positive constants, D representing a positive number, negative

  tif or possibly nil depending on whether the director of the

  the estextrière, interior, or identifies with this arc, - a connecting arc (2), angular opening a2 - a, - a connecting arc (3), angular opening a3 - a2 - an arc of circumference (4), radius (Rm + E - D), centered at the same point 0 and angular aperture m4 - OE3, a connecting arc (5), angular opening as - a4,

  - a connection arc (6), with an angular opening 2u / s - as.

  In the plane of the complex variable z cen-

  tré in 0 [z = x + jy = Re (z) + j Im (z) with j2 = _ 1], the equation

  the curve made up of the arcs (1) to (6) can be written in all

  nerality: z = [Rm + Fi (6) - DI expj a; in this expression, Rm represents the mean radius of the director of the ferrule, O and expj respectively designate the polar angle and the imaginary exponential function,

  Fi (e) are real functions of the polar angle, pre-

  stating the geometry of the arc i and therefore having existence only in the interval (ai - 1 ai); these functions satisfy the following relations: F, (0) = - E = F2 (a) = F6 (2n / s) F2 (a2) = F3 (a2), Fs (as) = F6 (as)

  F4 () = + E = F3 (a3) = Fs (a4) (I).

  For i = 2, 3, 5 and 6, within the interval [ai- *, "i], the functions Fi (O) are freely chosen, provided they are defined algebraically, to be continuous and derivable at least n times, including at the ends ai - ,, ai of this interval (is any integer greater than one), the derivatives with respect to 6 up to the order n of F2 (a,) F3 (a3), Fs (o4) and F6 (2n / s) being zero, the derivatives with respect to ae to the order n of F2 (a2) and F3 (ca2) being

  respectively equal, as well as those of Fs (as) and F6 (as).

  With these definitions and notations, the equation of

  trice of the ferrule is written: -3 - Z = [Rm + Fi (e) - DI expj e + D expj i, (II) with dz la = Pu + pia, - 2 <there = arctg due 7rSR oe ( d = ie) p = p / 2 + ew If Re (R-) = 0 dz dO zs = 0 If Re (due)> 0 d = 0 If I e (m)> 0 dz dz s = 1 Si Re (d-) <0 E = 1 If 0m (-) <0; of c "0 = iIm (4)> <

  in these expressions, p is the angle that the normal

  greater than the abscissa axis ox.

  Like the Fi (e) functions, the terminals of

  their definition intervals are freely chosen,

  However, it is necessary to check the progress: O <a, <a2 - <(3 <U4 <c $ 5 <2w / s (III)

  Note that if c2 = 13, the arc of

  cord (3) is fading, the bow (2) connecting directly

  circumference arc (4); in this case, we can also impose: as = 2n / s,

  which leads to the suppression of the connecting arc (6).

  Such features remain in accordance with the invention.

  tion, the conditions (I) imposed on the functions Fi (E) for i = 2, 3, 5 and 6 then being written in the following form: F, (0) = - E = F2 (ai) Fs (2r / s) F4 (o) = + E = F2 (a3) = FS '(a4) (I') o

  From the definition of the director who has just been.

  Given, it follows that the different arcs which constitute the curve from which it is uniformly distant, are connected to each other with a continuity of order n at least equal to two and as large as desired. This can be easily seen by considering the affix (z) of any point in the curve, as well as

  that its derivatives first (to), second (z), third ('to'), ..

  with respect to e z = [Rm + Fi (e) -D] expj e = [zz expj e z = [Fi (e) + jlzl] expj e z = 'Vi (e) + 2j F (0) -Izl] expj e

  z '= [(' (e5 + 3j '(e) - 3F (e) - jilzl] exp.

  -4 _ in these expressions, Fi (e), .. Fi (e) representing the derivatives

  first, ..., third of Fi (e), relative to 0.

  The zero-order continuities, one and two, at the extremes

  different successive arcs (identities of the values of

  z, z and z respectively on these arcs at their points of connection.

  string) ensure the continuities of position, direction of tangents and normals, as well as those of curvatures

  at these points, in fact, the directions of the tangents are de-

  finite in all points of the curve by the ratio 7l / i, those of normals by + jz / Iz.l and curvatures by the values of Imzz liz 13 'Continuities of order n greater than two in the same

  extreme points of the different arcs

  nuity of the derivatives of the curves with respect to, up to the order n-2.

  In the casing thus defined, a cylindrical piston is associated with

  drique to circular director, radius Rm -'E -.1, centered in O, J designating the game necessary to avoid in operation the

  between these two elements, given their distortion

  tions of any origin. This piston rotates about its axis is provided with p radial grooves (p any positive integer), in principle uniformly spaced, in which slide

  pallets likely to come into contact with the ferrule.

  The resulting mechanical organization is representative of

  As an example in Figure 1 attached for the particular values of:

s 1p = 6 and i ai - = 2w / ps.

  (l) in the course of the study, eligibility and discharge

  Itluide are insured by '2; = 2 luthibers arranged in the

  role, angular aperture 4u / ps = 2ni / 3. It's obvious that

  the object of the invention is maintained if the lights are

  partially or totally in the flanges, in the

  in the rotor, the latter comprising in these two last

  cases one or more internal chambers collecting the

fluid.

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  -5- It is the same if the angular openings are different, if the lights are divided into several elements arranged

  in series or in parallel, or if they are replaced partially

  completely or completely by means of valves of any type whatsoever

  well known. The six pallets / of the machine shown in section in Figure 1 attached define six independent rooms of which

  the volume varies between two extreme values perimeter-

  dique. For the position considered in the figure and for the direction of rotation adopted, the chamber between the pallets 1 and 2 defines the dead space of the machine and provides a sealing function by rolling between the exhaust and the inlet,

  the rooms between pallets 2 and 4 are in communi-

  nication with admission and their volume increases with iota

  piston up to the maximum reached by the chamber defined by the pallets 4 and 5. In the position shown this chamber ensures the simple transfer of the fluid intake

  exhaust, without volume variation; finally, the chambers

  between pallets 5 and 1 are characterized by a

  their volume with the rotation of the piston, they automatically

  the flow of fluid to the exhaust duct

  is lying. By its principle, this embodiment is suitable

  ideally for pumping or driving action of incom-

  sible; with other provisions of the distribution, it may

  also ensure fluid transfer with compensation

total volume.

  As an alternative according to the invention, the reasures

  The rotor blades may be inclined at an angle

  in accordance with Figure 2, attached. Such an arrangement is interesting because it allows, by a

  judicious choice of this% value, to reduce the reactions of

  nerve on the pallets and therefore the solicitations

of which they are the seat.

  The pallets used in the invention are of a

248 1376

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  geometry and any material, generally known.

  They may possibly be made up of several

  to improve side seals and / or

  tale. It is also possible to add to these pallets any known mechanical or hydraulic device, with a view to ensuring permanent pallet contact, or possibly limiting

  solicitations of which they are the seat.

  In many applications of this invention, pallets are used whose spout 7 (FIG. 2, attached) is an arc of circumference of radius D. The center O 'of this spout describes the curve which serves as a definition of director of

  ferrule [arc (1) to (6)]. Such a bill shape can be replaced

  placed by a curve 8 (figure 3, attached) with a radius of

  variable according to a law A (X) defined with respect to a system of axes O "n in accordance with this figure.

  it may be interesting to substitute for

  finish (11) of the director of the ferrule, the equation z = | Ra + Fi (() DI expj 0 + A (X) exp (li) (IV) With this hypothesis also in accordance with the invention, the trajectory of the Center 0 "of the mouthpiece of the pallet remains identical to that of the center O 'of a circular nose which would be in contact

  with a ferrule defined by equation (II).

  The interest of using such a geometry for the

  active part of pallets lies in the ability to control,

  to a certain extent, in conjunction with the choice of

  Fi (0), the conformity of the pallet - crankcase contact, and therefore improve the lubrication conditions of this contâct. The first foundation of the invention lies in the

  original geometry of the housing according to the description that comes

  to be given: this one uses a segmented algebraic definition of its director according to 2 s arcs of circumference and 4 s arcs of connection. Each of these segments ensures a well-defined function in the machine and is therefore optimizable

  individually to best fulfill this function.

  The arcs of circumference allow the realization of constant volume chambers only if the difference between two successive pallets is less than the august opening of these arcs. In addition, they generally minimize the acceleration of which the pallets are the seat for

  a cubic capacity and a rotation speed'donnies.

  Arcs of maximum radius allow the transfer of the

  fluid in 1l machine avoiding its compression or relaxation.

  Those of minimum radius ensure the sealing between the chambers placed in communication with the outside. Between two of these successive arcs of circumference are arranged two connection arcs whose geometrical definition is entirely characterized by the functions Fi (a) to The choice of these functions is based on optimization

  according to numerical methods, in order to meet objec-

  T h ee t ss ss (if you are using a minimum imitation ion here-

  on the pallets, the achievement of a satisfactory

  definition of a form of their contact with the ferrule, the law of variation of the room volumes, the reduction of the pulsations of flow, .. o In this type of reasoning, one resorts not only to the local knowledge of the geometry of these curve arcs, algebriauco formalism but also to their overall knowledge contained in their /

2 48 13 76

  In the machines known hitherto, using a segmented definition of the director, only a continuity of position, or possibly tangents, is imposed at the points of connection of the different arcs which compose this director. . These constraints are insufficient to give the machines high performance because they do not ensure the continuity of the inertia reactions, which is the exclusive property of this invention. This continuity can also be extended at will to that of order derivatives

  any of the curvature, at these connection points.

  By an original choice of the functions Fi (0), the opening angle of the inlet and outlet lights, as well as

  number of pallets, one can, in the context of the first

  of the invention, to give the machine new possibilities

  velles. The second foundation of the patent lies in the

  choices according to the following proposal: it is possible to

  To ensure the proportionality between the instantaneous flow rate of the fluid and the angular rotation speed of the piston by simultaneously imposing the following conditions: a) the transfer of a constant volume of fluid between the intake and the exhaust implies that tX4 - a3 > 2fps / ps (y) b) The proportionality between the angular velocity of the piston and the flow rates sucked and discharged implies for pallets

  infinitely thin, that the angular openings of

  intake and exhaust are respectively

denoted by: ax OLa, and 2w / s - a4 with

  a3 - a, = 2ir / s - a4 = 4kw / ps (k positive integer) (VI).

-9

  (c) Compensation for flow variations due to the finite width

  denotes pallets and their radial motion implies for all polar angles e such that: Ol ea <aL + 2w / ps "4 <8 <a, + 2w / ps, whichyou next following relation be verified, for m, n = 2 or 3

  and 5 or 6 depending on the values of the argument (O + 21w / ps) and se-

  the values of a2 and as: k -I 2k- 'Y Fm (O + 21w / ps) + Z Fn (O + 21w / ps) = Real constant 1 = 0 l = any k (VII) - By another choice of the functions Fi (e), limits a, of their intervals of definition, by imposing that p is an even number and that s is an odd number, it is possible to

  keep in relative rest, two pallets diametrically oppo-

  in the rotor, which is the third foundation of the

patent.

  The relative rest of these palettes implies that:

(= (X4-13

  - aI = a5 - a4 a3 - a2 2w / s - as Fi (e) + Fi + 3 (8 + w / s) = 0 i = 1, 2, 3 (VIII),

  using as the director of the ferrule the corresponding curve

  to equation II or IV, in the form of the beak of the pallets.

  When a machine is made according to this feature, it is then possible to replace the conventional arrangement of the pallets

  (figure 4 attached) by one of the provisions

  examples, as non-limiting examples, on the

  Figures 5 to 10, according to the first foundation of the invention.

  The provision in Figure 5 provides for the setting

  communication of two opposite grooves; we thus interpose between

  two opposite palettes a chamber whose volume is invariably

  ble, which cancels the variations of the hydraulic forces in the grooves, due to the sliding movement of the pallets, and

  improves the pallet - piston seal.

  Such a provision also makes it possible to set

  communication of the grooves with high pressure without

- 10 -

  exaggerated, in order to facilitate the start-up of the

  ne, especially when it is driving.

  Figure 6 also attached represents a variation

  laughing of the previous arrangement (single groove for two opposite palettes). In order to reduce the dynamic stresses on the pallets, they can be extended so as to bring their center of mass closer to the axis of rotation of the piston. Such a disposition is shown in Figure 7; this has the additional advantage of achieving an angle i defined by the

proportions of such pallets.

  You can also replace two opposite palettes

  arranged in the same groove by a single pallet according to

  FIG. 8. The attached FIG. 11 shows a maçFhine made according to this organization, the length of FIG. 19 to 145

  its pallets / is equal to 2 (Rm + D), or for a different geometry

fers beaks at 2 [Rm + A (0) l].

  In order to improve the watertightness of pallets

  tact of the shell, we can add in their summits a roll,

  which, for tolerances well chosen in contact pallet - rou-

  water, allows to substitute a rolling bearing for the nozzle of the pallet on the housing (Figure 9, attached). Such

  operation is ensured by the difference in

  dynamically on the rollers and on the pallet. In limi-

  In addition, the extent of pallet-roll contact is reduced

  wear and tear on the rollers and simplify the lubrication

  tion. We can still split each contact by systematically using two pallets juxtaposed, one of them then ensures sealing in a conventional manner and the second

  acts as a scraper segment (Figure 10).

  The rollers corresponding to the arrangement described in the attached FIG. 9 may be replaced by one or more sealing segments according to FIGS. 15 and 16, with a view to improving lateral and frontal sealing on the housing. These additional segments may be rigid or with limited deformation depending on the material, possibly composite

  of which they are made (Figure 17).

  Finally, to reduce contact stress and provide a controlled set of pallets - ferrules, or to avoid this contact / when calling upon a roller or additional sealing segments, the pallets can be slid over one or several auxiliary tracks compatible with the geometry of the pallets and that

  of the ferrule, in accordance with figures 18 and 19.

  We can also interpose between the pallets and these tracks

  rollers in order to substitute a rolling for this slip.

  These different types of sealing can be

  when the need arises, by provisions

  mechanical or hydraulic devices to maintain or

  under all circumstances to contact these elements with

the casing that contains them.

  It appears that the conditions imposed on the crankcase geometry in this third foundation of the invention are not

  inconsistent with the second basis which gives access to the

  flow rate / rotation speed proportionality.

  It is therefore particularly interesting to combine these

  two bases for accessing a definition of the essential ele-

  of a machine that offers a set of new possibilities, and we will show below the process to be followed

to reach this goal.

  The reasoning will apply to a particular case (s = 1, p = 6, U2 = a3, 2r / s = es), which limits it. in no way the scope. The relations VIII define the bounds ae, a4 and as as a function of ac according to: Q2 = a3 = o / s Ire Q4 = s / s + as, = r (X + It as = 2 / s = 2 The relation VI s wrote: a2 - a = 3 - a1 = 4kv / ps = 4kv / 6 - 12

  which can only be satisfied for k = I by virtue of

III.

  We thus obtain the following values of the limits ai ai = w / 3 aC2 = a3 = - M4 = 4w / 3 aso = 2w

  which verify the relation V: a4 - a3> 2w / ps. = 2 ,.

  The application of relations I 'leads to relations IX: F2 (w / 3) = F5s (2) = - E

F2 () = Fs (4w / 3) = + E (IX).

  The relations VII make it possible to write: F2 (0) + F2 (O + 7/3) = o

F, (o) +, F5 (0 + 7/3) = 0 (X).

  If we impose the continuity of curvature at the ends

  connection arcs, it is necessary to check: -

  F2 (/ 3) = F2 (i) F (2) = FF (4r / 3) = 0

  F'2 (w3) (= w) = 'Fs (2ir) = .is (4i / 3) = 0 (XI).

  The conditions IX, X and XI can be simultaneously satisfied by choosing for functions F2 (6) and Fs (e): cos (w -) 30 1 Icos (--c 7 F, () =! O - _ [3 E cos4 (--- w) + 2E cos6 (- -) 1 an annular piston (Figure 20) and housing inside this piston 9 a cam I0 whose geometric definition derives directly from that of the housing 11 and is written: z = [Rm + Fi (0) -DC expj X] expj - A (X) expj p relation in which C represents a positive magnitude, Ar and pi are functions analogous to A and p, but the second is calculated from the function

- 13 -

  z = [Rm + Fi (0) - D - C expj A] expj0.

  In this way, the carterll and the piston are

  your 9, as well as between this piston and the cam 10 two capsulisms

  interiors, using the same pallets.

  These have a beak shape defined respectively by A and A * and have a common length C measured between the beak centers. All of the two capsulisms obtained constitute a

double acting machine.

  The essential interest of such a machine, which can be achieved for any order of symmetry, lies in

  the increase in displacement for an external space requirement

  exchange. Incidentally, it should also be noted that the use

  single pallets for the two basic capsulisms

  it makes it easier to start the machine, especially when

  that this one is producing mechanical energy.

  By an appropriate disposition of the distributions, the

* two capsulisines can be coupled in parallel (increase

  flow rate) or in series (increase in compression ratio

or relaxation).

  It is obvious that all special provisions

  double-contact pallets mentioned in connection with the third

  of the invention are in principle usable in these double-acting machines, and it is possible in particular

  avoid contact between pallets 1 to 6 and cam 10.

  It is also important to note that the proportion

  Flow rate / rotational speed can be applied to this new family of annular machines, by choosing as previously indicated the functions Fi (e) and their intervals

of validity (ai - ,, ai).

  In some applications, one can, while conserving

  the same mechanical organization, give up the materialisation of

  tion of the internal capsulism, the cam 10 does not retain in this case

  as the radial stop function for pallets.

  It is also possible, by providing an intercom-

  between the different chambers of internal capsulism and by adapting the distribution, to make it play the role of

- 14 -

  radial bearing for guiding the piston 9 relative to the

cam 10.

  These two special provisions also make

part of the invention.

  Any association in series and / or in parallel with

  China, at least one of which responds to the descriptions that come

  to be presented also fall within the scope of the invention.

  tion; such associations can be used to

  operate as a prime mover or as a fluid receiver

  internal or external combustion, or in trans-

mechanical mission.

- -) 5 -: 2481376

  1- Palette volumetric machine-, also called pallet capsulism is made of any known material, using any type of fluid and operating as a prime mover or receiver, composed mainly of the following élhements: - a cylindrical piston to circular director comprising p grooves, - a casing surrounding this piston, comprising a shell, 1 - a set of p pallets of any geometry, sliding in the grooves of the piston and in contact with the casing so as to separate into several working chambers the volume

  capsulism, these pallets may contain 9l-

  accessories, rollers or segments, as well as

  mechanical or hydraulic devices for improving

  rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr

  - distribution by lights, and / or clusters

tomatiques,

  characterized in that the housing has a shell that sym9.

  s, whose cylindrical inner surface has a directrk ce defined by one of the following two equations z = IRm + Fi () - D 1 expj3 + D expjp, z = Rm + Fi (0) - DD expje + A (X) expjp, in the following functions Fi (e) are =

  = deifinies algebraically between

in such a way that

  gI..po llaires (x - D. t, j, / e:; fonetio ns and these satisfying angles

  do one of the groups of conditions that are - on the one hand: O = ao <aL, a2 <3 <a 4 <aS <2f / s FI () = -E = F2 (a) = F6 (2 i / s) F2 (aM) F3 (2) Fs (aS) F6 (as) F4 (O) = + E = F3 (3) = Fs (a4) and - on the other hand: - 16- O = ao <ai <a = a3 <a4 <as 2l / s F, (e) = - E F2 (") = -s (2 (/ s) F. (0) = + E = F2 (3) = Fs ( t.4) F3 (o) = F6 (o) = O, = continuous and derivable at least n times, - the derivatives with respect to 0 up to the order p of F2 (ai), F3 (3), Fs (c4) and F6 (2w / s) being zero, while - the derivatives with respect to a to the order n of P2 (L2) and F3 (2x) are respectively equal.

F5s (as) and F $ (s).

  2 - Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it also satisfies the following conditions: a4 - a3> 2w / ps a3 - a, = 21 / s a4 = 4kw / ps k- '2k-i E FÉ ( 0 + 21w / ps) + 'Fn (0+ 2lw / ps) = any constant l = k for ai <O <al + 2w / ps and "[4 <<C a4 + 2w / ps 20. for m, n = 2 or 3 and 5 or 6 according to the values of O + 21 / ps and according to the values of 2 and as.

  3 - Machine according to claim 2 characterized in that the distribution is provided by / lights arranged in and which are

  the housing / angular openings t3 - a, and 2n / s - X4.

  4 - machine con m eans 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that it satisfies the following conditions: s is odd, p is even, 11 -14 tj a2 O-a, = '(S - 04 Â 30 a3 - 2 = 2w / s - as

  Fi (B) + Fi + 3 (0 + w / s) = 0 i = 1, 2, 3.

- 2481376

  -Machine according to claim 4, wherein the piston has at least two opposite grooves which are joined to form a single groove in which two pallets slide

of any type.

  6 - Machine according to claim 5, C A R.A C T E R I S E E ence

  that it includes at least two opposite palettes that are united for -

  only one double contact through two

  auxiliary sealing assemblies at each of their ends.

  7 - Machine according to any one of claims I to 6, C A R A C-

  T E R I S E E in that the piston is annular and defines, with a

  inside me a second capsulism using the same pallets as the first one.

  8 - Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, C A R A C-

  T 3 R I S E E in that the piston is annular and houses a cam forming

  stop to the radial movement of the pallets.

  9 - Machine according to claim 8, C A R A C T E R I S E E

  what the piston and the cam realize in addition a radial bearing.

  Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, C A-

  R A C T E R I S E E in that the pallets are at most

  local tact with the housing to present at least locally a reduced clearance between the pallets and the casing which game is obtained by any means of guiding pallets on auxiliary tracks arranged in

the flasks.