FR2206446A1 - Procede et dispositif de dosage d'air secondaire pour la combustion ou postcombustion optimale des gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de dosage d'air secondaire pour la combustion ou postcombustion optimale des gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interneInfo
- Publication number
- FR2206446A1 FR2206446A1 FR7332100A FR7332100A FR2206446A1 FR 2206446 A1 FR2206446 A1 FR 2206446A1 FR 7332100 A FR7332100 A FR 7332100A FR 7332100 A FR7332100 A FR 7332100A FR 2206446 A1 FR2206446 A1 FR 2206446A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- exhaust gases
- secondary air
- optimum
- metering process
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
- F01N3/222—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives using electric valves only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
- F01N3/227—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives using pneumatically operated valves, e.g. membrane valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M23/00—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture
- F02M23/04—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture with automatic control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2700/00—Mechanical control of speed or power of a single cylinder piston engine
- F02D2700/09—Other ways of controlling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2254961A DE2254961C2 (de) | 1972-11-10 | 1972-11-10 | Regeleinrichtung für die Zumessung einer Zusatzluftmenge zur Verbesserung der Verbrennung in Brennkraftmaschinen oder der Nachverbrennung der Abgase von Brennkraftmaschinen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2206446A1 true FR2206446A1 (fr) | 1974-06-07 |
FR2206446B1 FR2206446B1 (fr) | 1977-08-05 |
Family
ID=5861293
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR7332100A Granted FR2206446A1 (fr) | 1972-11-10 | 1973-09-04 | Procede et dispositif de dosage d'air secondaire pour la combustion ou postcombustion optimale des gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US3931710A (fr) |
JP (2) | JPS4978018A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE2254961C2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2206446A1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB1421821A (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2235280A1 (fr) * | 1973-06-29 | 1975-01-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | |
FR2328114A1 (fr) * | 1975-10-16 | 1977-05-13 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Procede et installation pour regler la composition du melange de carburant et d'air envoye a un moteur a combustion interne |
FR2340455A2 (fr) * | 1976-02-04 | 1977-09-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Procede et installation pour regler, par apport d'air additionnel, le melange de carburant et d'air amene a un moteur a combustion interne |
Families Citing this family (59)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS49119009A (fr) * | 1973-03-23 | 1974-11-14 | ||
US4058978A (en) * | 1974-03-31 | 1977-11-22 | Wilfried Bockelmann | Regulating device for metering a supplementary air quantity to improve combustion in combustion engines |
DE2422938C2 (de) * | 1974-05-11 | 1982-07-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Schalteinrichtung zur geregelten Zugabe von Zusatzluft zum Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine |
FR2286285A1 (fr) * | 1974-09-26 | 1976-04-23 | Peugeot & Renault | Dispositif electropneumatique de regulation d'une injection d'air auxiliaire a l'admission des moteurs a combustion interne |
ZA756805B (en) * | 1974-10-30 | 1976-10-27 | Union Carbide Corp | Water swellable poly (alkylene oxide) |
JPS5153131A (en) * | 1974-11-01 | 1976-05-11 | Nissan Motor | Kikaki |
JPS5545046Y2 (fr) * | 1975-02-25 | 1980-10-23 | ||
JPS5435609B2 (fr) * | 1975-02-27 | 1979-11-05 | ||
US4014169A (en) * | 1975-04-07 | 1977-03-29 | Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Anti-afterburn device for engine having air pump |
JPS51127919A (en) * | 1975-04-28 | 1976-11-08 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Internal combustion engine with exhaust control device |
FR2315003A1 (fr) * | 1975-06-18 | 1977-01-14 | Laprade Bernard | Dispositif de regulation du melange air-carburant des moteurs a combustion interne |
JPS5273231A (en) * | 1975-12-17 | 1977-06-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | Internal combustion engines for vehicles |
JPS5925854B2 (ja) * | 1975-12-26 | 1984-06-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ナイネンキカンニオケル ニジクウキキヨウキユウソウチ |
DE2600014A1 (de) * | 1976-01-02 | 1977-07-14 | Walter Franke | Verfahren zum betrieb eines viertakt-verbrennungskraftmotors und motor zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens |
DE2607534A1 (de) * | 1976-02-25 | 1977-09-01 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Vorrichtung zur regelung der zusammensetzung des einer brennkraftmaschine zugefuehrten kraftstoff-luft- gemisches |
US4175386A (en) * | 1976-03-08 | 1979-11-27 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine |
IT1062861B (it) * | 1976-03-12 | 1985-02-11 | Alfa Romeo Spa | Valvola regolatrice della portata d'aria di postcombustione per motori a scoppio |
JPS52127511A (en) * | 1976-04-19 | 1977-10-26 | Nippon Soken Inc | Exhaust gas purifying system in internal combustion engine |
JPS52133412A (en) * | 1976-05-01 | 1977-11-08 | Toyota Motor Corp | Secondary air supply system in internal combustion engine |
JPS5924265B2 (ja) * | 1976-05-28 | 1984-06-08 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | 空燃比調整装置 |
US4191013A (en) * | 1976-06-02 | 1980-03-04 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Device for purifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engine |
JPS5846665B2 (ja) * | 1976-06-10 | 1983-10-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の空燃比制御装置 |
JPS52154918A (en) * | 1976-06-18 | 1977-12-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | Secondary air feeding amount control device for internal combustion engine |
US4207737A (en) * | 1976-07-28 | 1980-06-17 | Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for controlling the amount of secondary air injection |
JPS5322917A (en) * | 1976-08-17 | 1978-03-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | Exhaust gas purifying apparatus of internal combustion engine |
JPS5338813A (en) * | 1976-09-21 | 1978-04-10 | Toyota Motor Corp | Secondary air quantity controller for internal combustion engine |
JPS6018807B2 (ja) * | 1976-11-15 | 1985-05-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の2次空気噴射量制御装置 |
JPS6046247B2 (ja) * | 1977-02-15 | 1985-10-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排出ガスを浄化する方法及び装置 |
JPS6027802B2 (ja) * | 1977-03-04 | 1985-07-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関2次空気供給量制御装置 |
JPS592790B2 (ja) * | 1977-03-04 | 1984-01-20 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の空燃比制御装置 |
JPS6027803B2 (ja) * | 1977-03-11 | 1985-07-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関2次空気噴射補償装置 |
JPS5412030A (en) * | 1977-06-28 | 1979-01-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | Exhaust gas purifying equipment of internal combustion engine |
JPS5412032A (en) * | 1977-06-29 | 1979-01-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | Purifying exhaust gas equipment for internal combustion engine |
JPS5423821A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1979-02-22 | Toyota Motor Corp | Secondary-air supply controller of internal combustion engine |
JPS5436418A (en) * | 1977-08-27 | 1979-03-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | Secondary air control valve equipment |
JPS5436417A (en) * | 1977-08-29 | 1979-03-17 | Nippon Soken Inc | Exhaust gas purifying equipment of internal combustion engine |
JPS5440922A (en) * | 1977-09-07 | 1979-03-31 | Toyota Motor Corp | Air fuel ratio control equipment of internal combustion engine |
JPS5474914A (en) * | 1977-11-29 | 1979-06-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | Secondary air supply control apparatus |
JPS5491614A (en) * | 1977-12-29 | 1979-07-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | Secondary air supply apparatus for engine exhaust system |
JPS5498424A (en) * | 1978-01-19 | 1979-08-03 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | Air supply controller for engine |
US4235209A (en) * | 1978-06-02 | 1980-11-25 | Ibbott Jack Kenneth | Device for introducing additional air into intake passage leading to combustion chamber |
US4191134A (en) * | 1979-08-10 | 1980-03-04 | The Goodman Systems, Inc. | Fluid injection system and method for an internal combustion engine |
JPS5629013A (en) * | 1979-08-17 | 1981-03-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | Exhaust gas cleaning for internal combustion engine |
DE3309351A1 (de) * | 1983-03-16 | 1983-09-08 | Karl Dipl.-Ing. 7000 Stuttgart Huber | Abgasentgifter fuer verbrennungsmotore |
JPS6030339U (ja) * | 1983-08-04 | 1985-03-01 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 排気還流制御装置搭載内燃エンジンの吸気2次空気供給装置 |
GB2168108A (en) * | 1984-12-05 | 1986-06-11 | Ford Motor Co | A deceleration valve |
US5065575A (en) * | 1989-11-22 | 1991-11-19 | Siemens Automotive Limited | Air flow/check valve |
GB2251917A (en) * | 1991-01-19 | 1992-07-22 | Ford Motor Co | Gas flow control valve. |
DE4237215C2 (de) * | 1992-11-04 | 2001-02-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung eines Systems zur Zufuhr von Sekundärluft in das Abgas einer Brenkraftmaschine |
DE10148384B4 (de) * | 2001-09-29 | 2016-01-07 | Pierburg Gmbh | Sekundärluftventil |
WO2003069135A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-14 | 2003-08-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Procede et dispositif pour faire fonctionner un moteur a combustion interne |
JP2004225539A (ja) * | 2003-01-20 | 2004-08-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 排気ガス浄化装置 |
DE10309468A1 (de) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-23 | Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag | Abgasleitung einer Brennkraftmaschine mit steuerbaren Abgasklappen |
JP4360303B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-20 | 2009-11-11 | 株式会社デンソー | 空気制御弁 |
DE102008024035B4 (de) * | 2008-05-16 | 2012-01-12 | Pierburg Gmbh | Sekundärluftventil für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen |
DE102010012016A1 (de) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Sekundärluftvorrichtung |
DE102010044762A1 (de) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-03-08 | Honeywell Technologies S.A.R.L. | Vorrichtung zur Kalibrierung einer Gasbrennerregelung |
DE102020116957B3 (de) | 2020-06-26 | 2021-11-11 | Pierburg Gmbh | Luftzufuhrregelventil für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
DE102020126773B3 (de) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-02-03 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasstrang für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Kraftfahrzeug |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2001105A1 (fr) * | 1968-02-01 | 1969-09-26 | Borg Warner | |
DE1576769A1 (de) * | 1966-10-05 | 1970-03-19 | Holley Carburetor Co | Einrichtung zum Beeinflussen der Abgase von Brennkraftmaschinen |
FR2109555A5 (fr) * | 1970-10-14 | 1972-05-26 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1798973A (en) * | 1929-03-20 | 1931-03-31 | Sipro Ets | Control device for valves |
US3106820A (en) * | 1959-01-19 | 1963-10-15 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Afterburner control method and apparatus |
US3059419A (en) * | 1959-08-13 | 1962-10-23 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Apparatus for minimizing the combustible content of exhaust gases |
US3086353A (en) * | 1960-03-03 | 1963-04-23 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Afterburner systems |
US3195805A (en) * | 1961-10-25 | 1965-07-20 | Garrett Corp | Turbocharger differential pressure control |
US3360927A (en) * | 1964-02-04 | 1968-01-02 | Holley Carburetor Co | Afterburner system for an automotive vehicle |
US3470855A (en) * | 1967-06-26 | 1969-10-07 | Ernest A Von Seggern | Air valve actuating means and method for supplying auxiliary air to an internal combustion engine |
DE2011464C3 (de) * | 1970-03-11 | 1976-01-08 | Volkswagenwerk Ag, 3180 Wolfsburg | Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasrückführung |
FR2102452A5 (fr) * | 1970-08-04 | 1972-04-07 | Peugeot & Renault | |
US3751916A (en) * | 1970-12-29 | 1973-08-14 | Toyo Kogyo Co | Exhaust gas purifying system for use in internal combustion engine |
US3805522A (en) * | 1971-03-19 | 1974-04-23 | Avm Corp | Valve system |
US3696618A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1972-10-10 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Control system for an engine system |
US3768259A (en) * | 1971-07-06 | 1973-10-30 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Control for an engine system |
US3802402A (en) * | 1972-03-30 | 1974-04-09 | P Swatman | Internal combustion engines |
US3791144A (en) * | 1972-03-31 | 1974-02-12 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Reactor assembly to reduce automotive emissions from an internal combustion engine |
DE2216705C3 (de) * | 1972-04-07 | 1978-06-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entgiften der Abgase einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US3748855A (en) * | 1972-04-20 | 1973-07-31 | Gen Motors Corp | Reactor air flow control valve |
US3788070A (en) * | 1972-06-12 | 1974-01-29 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Purification of internal combustion engine exhaust gas |
US3799301A (en) * | 1972-10-04 | 1974-03-26 | Quester Corp | Method and apparatus for engine operation |
-
1972
- 1972-11-10 DE DE2254961A patent/DE2254961C2/de not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-03-20 GB GB1334273A patent/GB1421821A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-05-01 US US05/356,193 patent/US3931710A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-06-09 JP JP48065311A patent/JPS4978018A/ja active Pending
- 1973-09-04 FR FR7332100A patent/FR2206446A1/fr active Granted
-
1975
- 1975-10-22 US US05/624,826 patent/US4037406A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1978
- 1978-04-07 JP JP1978045767U patent/JPS5726004Y2/ja not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1576769A1 (de) * | 1966-10-05 | 1970-03-19 | Holley Carburetor Co | Einrichtung zum Beeinflussen der Abgase von Brennkraftmaschinen |
FR2001105A1 (fr) * | 1968-02-01 | 1969-09-26 | Borg Warner | |
FR2109555A5 (fr) * | 1970-10-14 | 1972-05-26 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2235280A1 (fr) * | 1973-06-29 | 1975-01-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | |
FR2328114A1 (fr) * | 1975-10-16 | 1977-05-13 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Procede et installation pour regler la composition du melange de carburant et d'air envoye a un moteur a combustion interne |
FR2340455A2 (fr) * | 1976-02-04 | 1977-09-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Procede et installation pour regler, par apport d'air additionnel, le melange de carburant et d'air amene a un moteur a combustion interne |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5726004Y2 (fr) | 1982-06-07 |
GB1421821A (en) | 1976-01-21 |
US3931710A (en) | 1976-01-13 |
JPS4978018A (fr) | 1974-07-27 |
FR2206446B1 (fr) | 1977-08-05 |
DE2254961C2 (de) | 1975-04-10 |
JPS541717U (fr) | 1979-01-08 |
US4037406A (en) | 1977-07-26 |
DE2254961B1 (de) | 1973-10-18 |
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