ES2976408A2 - Underwater breaking mechanism for aluminum shell battery - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is an underwater breaking mechanism for an aluminum shell battery, comprising a shredder, a charging opening being formed in the top end of the shredder, a shredding mechanism being arranged in the shredder below the charging opening, a water body being stored in an inner chamber of the shredder, the shredding mechanism being soaked in the water body, a spraying mechanism being arranged on the shredder, the shredder on the side of the spraying mechanism away from the charging opening being provided with a channel which is in communication with the inner chamber of the shredder, the side of the channel away from the spraying mechanism being provided with an opening, the shredder on one side of the opening being at least provided therein with two shredded material collection chambers, a collection frame being movably arranged in the channel, and the collection frame being capable of ascending and descending along the channel and being overturned at the opening. In the present invention, a waste battery is shredded underwater by means of the shredding mechanism, so that electrolyte combustion caused by the incomplete discharge of the battery is reduced, and residual electrolytes on a battery shell and on an inner cell are taken away by means of the water body, which aids subsequent processing and disposal of shredded battery materials and reduces the pollution of the electrolyte combustion to the environment.

Description

DESCRIPTION

UNDERWATER CRUSHING MECHANISM FOR BATTERY WITH

ALUMINUM HOUSING

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the technical field of waste battery crushing and, more particularly, to an underwater crushing mechanism for an aluminum-cased battery.

BACKGROUND

Waste batteries need to be discharged, crushed, screened, etc. in sequence when they are recycled. Most of the common waste battery crushing mechanisms are dry crushing mechanisms, that is, batteries are crushed by a crushing worm or a crushing roller, the battery casings are peeled off, and the battery casings are separated from the inner cores. Although dry crushing mechanisms can completely peel off the battery casings, such equipment will generate a large amount of debris splashing and electrolyte leakage in the process of crushing a large number of batteries. The splashing debris and volatile electrolyte can easily contaminate the environment where the processing equipment is located, affecting the safety of the environment. In addition, some waste batteries will short-circuit due to incomplete discharge when crushed. Therefore, when a crushing mechanism crushes batteries for a long time, the crushing end will generate a lot of heat energy to cause the waste battery to spark and burn, which will not only damage the crushing end of the crushing mechanism, but also affect the safety of the environment due to the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of electrolyte. At the same time, when the existing crushing mechanisms crush batteries for a long time, it is easy to cause the accumulation of crushed material, and the complete crushing of batteries cannot be guaranteed, so it is easy to cause the aluminum shells in the crushed material of waste batteries to be insufficiently separated from other particles, which not only cannot completely recycle the aluminum shells and other waste battery waste, but also reduces the recovery rate of waste battery particles, resulting in waste. Therefore, crushing mechanisms adopting underwater crushing method can achieve charged crushing and reduce electrolyte combustion on the one hand, and can also directly clean the residual electrolyte in the casings and inner cores on the other hand, to ensure that the separated aluminum casings and other waste can easily undergo further processing, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems.

SUMMARY

The present invention aims to provide an underwater crushing mechanism for an aluminum-cased battery, to solve the problems mentioned in the preceding prior art.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a solution of the present invention is as follows: an underwater crushing mechanism for an aluminum-cased battery, which includes a crusher, a feed hole is provided at the upper end of the crusher, and a crushing mechanism is arranged inside the crusher below the feed hole; a motor configured to drive the crushing mechanism to rotate is provided on the outer side of the crusher; a water mass is stored in an internal cavity of the crusher, and the crushing mechanism is immersed in the water mass; the crusher is provided with a spraying mechanism configured to pump the water mass into the crusher and spray the water mass into the feed hole; the crusher on the side of the spraying mechanism remote from the feed hole is provided with a channel communicating with the internal cavity of the crusher, an opening is provided on the side of the channel remote from the spraying mechanism, and at least two crushed material collecting chambers are arranged in the crusher on the opening side; and a collecting frame is movably arranged in the channel, and the collecting frame is raised and lowered along the channel and turned over at the opening, so that crushed material collected in the collecting frame falls into the crushed material collecting chambers.

Additionally, a beveled material guiding edge is arranged inside the shredder below the feed opening.

Furthermore, the crushing mechanism includes a first crushing part and a second crushing part, the first crushing part including at least two crushing lining plates and a crushing rotor; the crushing rotor is rotatably disposed at the lower end of an inclined section of the material guiding bevel edge, and the crushing lining plates are movably disposed above the crushing rotor and within the crusher at an end of the crushing rotor remote from the material guiding bevel edge, so that when sliding along the material guiding bevel edge to the crushing rotor, the material can be thrown onto the crushing lining plates by the rotation of the crushing rotor to be impacted and crushed.

Additionally, each crusher liner plate includes an elastic connector and an impact plate, the elastic connector being movably connected to one end of the impact plate and one end of the elastic connector extending to the outside of the crusher; and the end of the impact plate remote from the elastic connector is hingedly attached to an inner wall of the crusher, so that the impact plate can change its own angle by adjustment and pulling from the elastic connector.

Furthermore, each elastic connector includes a grip, a screw, a spring and a fixing frame, the grip and the fixing frame being respectively fixed to both ends of the screw, the screw being helically arranged on a side wall of the crusher and the grip and the fixing frame being respectively located on the outside and inside of the crusher; the fixing frame is hingedly fixed with the impact plate; and the spring is wrapped on the outside of the screw between the inner wall of the crusher and the fixing frame.

Additionally, each impact plate includes an impact frame and toothed lining plates, the impact frame being connected to the elastic connector and the toothed lining plates being arranged on the side of the impact frame facing the crushing rotor.

Additionally, the second crushing part is located in the internal cavity of the crusher which is directly below the beveled material guiding edge; and the second crushing part includes upper and lower crushing rollers, the directions of rotation of the two crushing rollers being opposite.

Additionally, the depth of the channel is greater than 2 times the height of the collecting frame, and the height of the channel opening is greater than half the height of the collecting frame; and a guide rail used to restrict the lifting and lowering movement of the collecting frame is arranged inside the channel.

Furthermore, at least one baffle plate is disposed within the collecting frame, one end of the collecting frame at the upper and lower ends of the baffle plate is provided with material guiding channels in an inclined manner, and the other end of the collecting frame at the upper and lower ends of the baffle plate is movably provided with a turning cover.

In addition, the pulverizing mechanism includes a pulverizing base, a water pump and a water inlet pipe, the pulverizing base being fixed on the inner wall of the disposer at the feed hole; the water pump is fixed on the outside of the disposer and communicates with the pulverizing base through a pipe; and a water collecting tank is also arranged in the center of the channel, a filter screen is provided between the water collecting tank and the channel, one end of the water inlet pipe is connected to a water inlet end of the water pump and the other end extends to the inside of the water collecting tank.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) According to the present invention, waste batteries are crushed underwater by a crushing mechanism to reduce electrolyte combustion generated by incomplete battery discharge, and residual electrolyte in battery casings and inner cores is removed by the body of water, which is more conducive to further processing of the crushed battery material;

(2) According to the present invention, the first crushing part and the second crushing part form the crushing mechanism, and the crushing lining plates and the crushing rotor form the first crushing part, so that the waste batteries can be preliminarily crushed by the first crushing part and then secondary crushed by the second crushing part, which improves the crushing accuracy of waste batteries; In addition, the second crushing part will drive the water mass to flow during the rotation process, so that after entering the water mass, the battery particles preliminarily crushed by the first crushing part can be driven by the flowing water mass to the second crushing part for secondary crushing, which can effectively avoid the accumulation of preliminarily crushed waste, ensure that all battery waste after preliminary crushing can be secondary crushed, and ensure the complete crushing of batteries, thereby ensuring that aluminum shells, electrodes and other substances of batteries can be completely separated, and improving the recovery rate of crushed material from waste batteries;

(3) According to the present invention, a movable collecting frame is adopted to enable the battery waste suspended in the body of water to be stored in layers when the collecting frame is introduced into the crusher, and accommodating chambers in the collecting frame can be opened by moving and turning the collecting frame along the guide rail to enable the battery waste collected in the collecting frame to automatically fall into the crushed material collecting chambers for centralized classified collection, so that the classified crushed battery material can be directly subjected to further processing; and

(4) According to the present invention, a spraying mechanism is adopted to pump, through the water pump, the water mass in the crusher into the spraying base for spraying, to wash the side wall of the feed hole by means of the water mass sprayed by the spraying base, which can not only accelerate the falling of waste batteries and prevent irregular accumulation of waste batteries in the feed hole or the crushing mechanism, but also prevent discharge combustion caused by electrolyte leakage when crushing waste batteries and reduce the impact of exhaust gas generated by electrolyte combustion on the environment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a picking frame in an ascending state according to the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the collecting frame in a tumbling state according to the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of A in Figure 1 according to the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the collection frame according to the present application.

In the drawings, a list of components represented by each reference number is as follows:

Crusher 1, water collecting tank 11, first collecting chamber 12, second collecting chamber 13, third collecting chamber 14, crushing liner plate 2, grip 21, screw 22, spring 23, fixing frame 24, impact frame 25, toothed liner plate 26, crushing rotor 3, second crushing part 4, collecting frame 5, material guiding chute 51, baffle plate 52, overturning cover 53, guide rail 6, pulverizing mechanism 7, pulverizing base 71, water pump 72, water inlet pipe 73.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below and examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, in which the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or to elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are by way of example and are intended to be used to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Realization one:

As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, an underwater crushing mechanism for an aluminum-cased battery, including a crusher 1, the upper end of the crusher 1 being provided with a feed hole (not shown in the figures) and a crushing mechanism being arranged inside the crusher 1 below the feed hole; the outer side of the crusher 1 is provided with a motor (not shown in the figures) configured to drive the crushing mechanism to rotate; a water mass is stored in an internal cavity of the crusher 1 and the crushing mechanism is immersed in the water mass; the crusher 1 is provided with a spraying mechanism 7 configured to pump the water mass into the crusher 1 and spray the water mass into the feed hole; The crusher 1 is provided on the side of the pulverizing mechanism 7 remote from the feed opening with a channel (not shown in the figures) communicating with the internal cavity of the crusher 1, an opening (not shown in the figures) is provided on the side of the channel remote from the pulverizing mechanism 7 and at least two crushed material collecting chambers are arranged in the crusher 1 on the side of the opening; and a collecting frame 5 is movably arranged in the channel and the collecting frame 5 is raised and lowered along the channel and turned over in the opening, so that the crushed material collected in the collecting frame 5 falls into the crushed material collecting chambers; after which the collecting frame 5 is completely positioned inside the crusher 1, the liquid level of the water body in the internal cavity of the crusher 1 exceeds the upper end of the collecting frame 5; There are preferably three collecting chambers for crushed material, which are a first collecting chamber 12, a second collecting chamber 13 and a third collecting chamber 14, respectively; after being injected into the crusher 1 through the feed hole, the waste batteries can be crushed under water by the crushing mechanism to reduce electrolyte combustion generated by incomplete discharge of the batteries, and the remaining electrolytes in the battery cases and inner cores are removed by the body of water, which is more conducive to the further processing of the crushed battery material; The spraying mechanism 7 can pump the water mass inside the crusher 1 to the feed hole to spray it out, which can not only drive the waste batteries to fall by means of the flowing water mass and reduce the accumulation of batteries in the feed hole, but also reduce, during the crushing process of the crushing mechanism, the loss caused by overheating of the crushing end or the spark generated when crushing batteries, thereby improving the safety of the device during use; and during operation, the crushing mechanism also drives the water mass to flow, so that the crushed battery material (aluminum shells, pole pieces and other substances) will be suspended at different positions in the water mass under the drive of the water flow, and respectively enter different accommodation chambers in the collecting frame 5 for centralized collection, so that through the lifting and lowering rotation of the collecting frame 5, the collected crushed battery material is respectively poured into the first collecting chamber 12, the second collecting chamber 13 and the third collecting chamber 14 for classified storage, which is more conducive to the further processing of each crushed battery material after being collected.

As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, a material guiding bevel edge is provided inside the crusher 1 below the feed hole, the material guiding bevel edge being able to guide introduced waste batteries to ensure that the waste batteries can move to the crushing mechanism for crushing.

As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the crushing mechanism includes a first crushing part and a second crushing part 4, the first crushing part including at least two crushing lining plates 2 and a crushing rotor 3, the crushing rotor 3 is rotatably arranged at the lower end of an inclined section of the material guiding bevel edge, and the crushing lining plates are movably arranged above the crushing rotor 3 and inside the crusher 1 at one end of the crushing rotor 3 remote from the material guiding bevel edge, so that when sliding along the material guiding bevel edge to the crushing rotor 3, material can be thrown onto the crushing lining plates 2 by the rotation of the crushing rotor 3 to be impacted and crushed, In the present embodiment, each crushing lining plate 2 includes an elastic connector and an impact plate, the elastic connector being movably connected to one end of the impact plate and one end of the elastic connector extending to the outside of the crusher 1; and the end of the impact plate remote from the elastic connector is hingedly attached to an inner wall of the crusher 1, so that the impact plate can change its own angle by adjustment and pulling from the elastic connector; In the present embodiment, each elastic connector includes a grip 21, a screw 22, a spring 23 and a fixing frame 24, the grip 21 and the fixing frame 24 being respectively fixed to both ends of the screw 22, the screw 22 is helically arranged on a side wall of the crusher 1, and the grip 21 and the fixing frame 24 are respectively located outside and inside the crusher 1; the fixing frame 24 is hingedly fixed with the impact plate; and the spring 23 is wrapped on the outside of the screw 22 between the inner wall of the crusher 1 and the fixing frame 24; In the present embodiment, each impact plate includes an impact frame 25 and toothed lining plates 26, the impact frame 25 being connected to the elastic connector, and the toothed lining plates 26 are arranged on the side of the impact frame 25 facing the crushing rotor 3, the crushing lining plates 2 and the crushing rotor 3 can form an impact crusher, so that when waste batteries are injected into the crusher 1 from the feed hole and slide along the material guiding bevel edge to the crushing rotor 3, the material can be thrown onto the crushing lining plates 2 by the rotation of the crushing rotor 3 to be impacted and crushed, thereby implementing preliminary crushing of batteries; and each elastic connector can drive the screw 22 to rise and fall in a rotatable manner through the grip 21, to pull the lifting and lowering adjustment of the fixing frame 24 through the screw 22, so that the impact frame 25 of the impact plate is pulled by the fixing frame 24 to rotate about a hinge axis inside the crusher 1, and the angle of the toothed lining plates 26 on the impact plate is changed, to adjust the distance between the crushing lining plates 2 and the crushing rotor 3, thereby meeting the particle size requirements of preliminary crushing for waste batteries of different sizes.

As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, in the present embodiment, the second crushing part 4 is located in the inner cavity of the crusher 1 which is directly below the beveled material guiding edge; and the second crushing part 4 includes upper and lower crushing rollers, the rotation directions of the two crushing rollers being opposite, two second crushing parts 4 driving the water mass to flow during the rotation process, so that after entering the water mass, the battery particles preliminarily crushed by the first crushing part can be driven by the flowing water mass to the second crushing parts for secondary crushing, which can avoid the accumulation of waste after preliminary crushing, also finely crush the preliminarily crushed battery particles, improve the crushing accuracy of waste batteries and ensure complete crushing of batteries, thereby ensuring that aluminum shells, electrodes and other substances of batteries can be completely separated, and improving the recovery rate of crushed material from waste batteries.

As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the depth of the channel is greater than 2 times the height of the collecting frame 5, and the height of the channel opening is greater than half the height of the collecting frame 5; and a guide rail 6 used to restrict the lifting and lowering movement of the collecting frame 5 is arranged inside the channel, the guide rail 6 including vertical ends and an inclined end, the vertical ends of the guide rail 6 are arranged vertically on the inner walls on both sides of the channel, and the inclined end of the guide rail 6 extends obliquely upward to one end of the crushed material collecting chambers to ensure that the collecting frame 5, when placed inside the channel, can be used as a separator to isolate the inner cavity and the channel in the second crushing part 4, and to ensure that the crushed particles in the body of water in the inner cavity in the second crushing part 4 can completely enter the collecting frame 5 for collection; and the channel opening at a special position and the guide rail 6 can cause the collecting frame 5 to flip at the opening when moving from the vertical ends to the inclined end in the guide rail 6, so that the collected crushed battery material (aluminum shells, pole pieces and other substances) can be respectively poured into the first collecting chamber 12, the second collecting chamber 13 and the third collecting chamber 14 for classified storage after the collecting frame 5 is flipped.

As shown in Fig. 5, in the present embodiment, at least one baffle plate 52 is arranged inside the collecting frame 5, one end of the collecting frame 5 at the upper and lower ends of the baffle plate 52 is provided with a material guiding trough 51 in an inclined manner, and the other end of the collecting frame 5 at the upper and lower ends of the baffle plate 52 is movably provided with a flip cover 53, there being preferably two baffle plates 52, so that the collecting frame 5 can be divided into three accommodating chambers by the baffle plates 52 for sorting and storing crushed battery material (aluminum shells, pole pieces and other substances); The specially shaped material guiding channel 51 can effectively prevent the battery shredded material from floating out under the fluctuation of water flow after entering the collecting frame 5, thereby ensuring stable collection of battery shredded material in the collecting frame 5; and the overturning cover 53 is located on one side of the shredded material collecting chambers to enable the overturning cover 53 to be overturned by gravity during overturning of the collecting frame 5, to open the accommodating chambers of the collecting frame 5, so that the battery shredded material collected in the collecting frame 5 can automatically fall into the shredded material collecting chambers for classified centralized collection.

In the present embodiment, the number of accommodating chambers corresponds to the number of shredded material collection chambers to ensure that the battery waste collected in each accommodating chamber can be injected into an independent shredded material collection chamber for classified collection.

As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the pulverizing mechanism 7 includes a pulverizing base 71, a water pump 72 and a water inlet pipe 73, the pulverizing base 71 being fixed on the inner wall of the grinder 1 at the feed hole; the water pump 72 is fixed on the outside of the grinder 1 and communicates with the pulverizing base 71 through a pipe; and a water collecting tank 11 is also arranged in the center of the channel, a filter screen is provided between the water collecting tank 11 and the channel, one end of the water inlet pipe 73 is connected to a water inlet end of the water pump 72, and the other end extends into the inside of the water collecting tank 11, the water pump 72 being able to pump the water mass in the water collecting tank 11 into the spraying base 71 through the water inlet pipe 73, to wash the side wall of the feed hole by means of the water mass sprayed by the spraying base 71, which can not only accelerate the falling of waste batteries and prevent irregular accumulation of waste batteries in the feed hole or in the crushing mechanism, but also reduce the discharge combustion caused by electrolyte leakage when crushing waste batteries and reduce the impact of exhaust gas generated by electrolyte combustion on the environment; and the water collection tank 11 at a special position can ensure the cleanliness of the water body here, thereby reducing the damage caused by battery waste floating in the water body to the water pump 72.

In summary, according to the underwater crushing mechanism for an aluminum shell battery provided by the present invention, waste batteries are crushed underwater by the crushing mechanism to reduce electrolyte combustion generated by incomplete discharge of batteries, and the remaining electrolytes in the battery shells and inner cores are removed by means of the water mass, which is more conducive to the further processing of the crushed battery material; the spraying mechanism 7 pumps the water mass inside the crusher 1 to the feed hole to spray it out, which can not only drive the waste batteries to fall off by means of the flowing water mass and reduce the accumulation of batteries in the feed hole, but also reduce, during the crushing process of the crushing mechanism, the loss caused by overheating of the crushing end or the spark generated when crushing batteries, thereby improving the safety of the device during use; and during operation, the crushing mechanism also drives the water mass to flow, so that the crushed battery material (aluminum shells, pole pieces and other substances) will be suspended at different positions in the water mass under the drive of the water flow and respectively enter different accommodation chambers in the collecting frame 5 for centralized collection, so that through the lifting and lowering rotation of the collecting frame 5, the collected crushed battery material is respectively poured into the first collecting chamber 12, the second collecting chamber 13 and the third collecting chamber 14 for classified storage, which is more conducive to the further processing of each crushed battery material after collection and improves the recovery rate of waste battery crushed material.

In the description herein, descriptions with reference to the terms “an embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “examples,” “specific examples,” or “some examples,” etc., refer to these specific features described in conjunction with the embodiment or example, structures, materials, or features included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In the present specification, illustrative representations of the aforementioned terms should not necessarily be construed as referring to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or features described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can relate and combine different embodiments or examples described herein.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are by way of example and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art may make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above-mentioned embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An underwater crushing mechanism for an aluminum-cased battery, comprising a crusher (1), wherein a feed hole is provided at an upper end of the crusher (1), and a crushing mechanism is disposed within the crusher (1) below the feed hole; a motor configured to drive the crushing mechanism to rotate is provided on an outer side of the crusher (1); a mass of water is stored in an internal cavity of the crusher (1) and the crushing mechanism is immersed in the mass of water; the crusher (1) is provided with a spraying mechanism (7) configured to pump the mass of water into the crusher (1) and spray the mass of water into the feed hole; The crusher (1) on one side of the pulverizing mechanism (7) remote from the feed opening is provided with a channel communicating with the internal cavity of the crusher (1), an opening is provided on one side of the channel remote from the pulverizing mechanism (7), and at least two crushed material collecting chambers are arranged in the crusher (1) on one side of the opening; and a collecting frame (5) is movably arranged in the channel, and the collecting frame (5) is raised and lowered along the channel and turned over in the opening, so that the crushed material collected in the collecting frame (5) falls into the crushed material collecting chambers. 2. Underwater grinding mechanism according to claim 1, wherein a beveled material guiding edge is arranged within the grinder (1) below the feed opening. 3. An underwater crushing mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the crushing mechanism comprises a first crushing part and a second crushing part (4); the first crushing part comprises at least two crushing lining plates (2) and a crushing rotor (3); the crushing rotor (3) is rotatably arranged at a lower end of an inclined section of the beveled material guiding edge, and the crushing lining plates are movably arranged above the crushing rotor (3) and within the crusher (1) at an end of the crushing rotor (3) remote from the beveled material guiding edge, so that when sliding along the beveled material guiding edge to the crushing rotor (3), the material is thrown onto the crushing lining plates (2) by the rotation of the crushing rotor (3) to be impacted and crushed. 4. An underwater crushing mechanism according to claim 3, wherein each crushing lining plate (2) comprises an elastic connector and an impact plate; the elastic connector is movably connected to one end of the impact plate, and one end of the elastic connector extends to an exterior of the crusher (1); and the end of the impact plate remote from the elastic connector is hingedly attached to an inner wall of the crusher (1), so that the impact plate changes its own angle by means of adjustment and pulling from the elastic connector. 5. An underwater grinding mechanism according to claim 4, wherein each elastic connector comprises a grip (21), a screw (22), a spring (23) and a fixing frame (24); the grip (21) and the fixing frame (24) are respectively fixed to both ends of the screw (22), the screw (22) is helically arranged on a side wall of the crusher (1), and the grip (21) and the fixing frame (24) are respectively located outside and inside the crusher (1); the fixing frame (24) is hingedly fixed with the impact plate; and the spring (23) is wrapped on an outside of the screw (22) between the inner wall of the crusher (1) and the fixing frame (24). 6. An underwater crushing mechanism according to claim 4, wherein each impact plate comprises an impact frame (25) and toothed lining plates (26); the impact frame (25) is connected to the elastic connector, and the toothed lining plates (26) are arranged on a side of the impact frame (25) facing the crushing rotor (3). 7. An underwater crushing mechanism according to claim 3, wherein the second crushing part (4) is located in the internal cavity of the crusher (1) which is directly below the beveled material guiding edge; and the second crushing part (4) comprises an upper crushing roller and a lower crushing roller, the directions of rotation of the two crushing rollers being opposite. 8. An underwater crushing mechanism according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein a depth of the channel is greater than 2 times a height of the collecting frame (5), and the height of the channel opening is greater than half of the height of the collecting frame (5); and a guide rail (6) used to restrict the lifting and lowering movement of the collecting frame (5) is arranged inside the channel. 9. Underwater crushing mechanism according to claim 8, wherein at least one baffle plate (52) is arranged within the collecting frame (5), one end of the collecting frame (5) at the upper and lower ends of the baffle plate (52) is provided with a material guiding channel (51) in an inclined manner, and another end of the collecting frame (5) at the upper and lower ends of the baffle plate (52) is movably provided with a tipping cover (53). 10. An underwater grinding mechanism according to claim 8, wherein the pulverizing mechanism (7) comprises a pulverizing base (71), a water pump (72) and a water inlet pipe (73); the pulverizing base (71) is fixed on the inner wall of the crusher (1) at the feed hole; the water pump (72) is fixed on the outside of the crusher (1) and communicates with the pulverizing base (71) through a pipe; and a water collecting tank (11) is also arranged in the center of the channel, a filter screen is provided between the water collecting tank (11) and the channel, one end of the water inlet pipe (73) is connected to a water inlet end of the water pump (72) and the other end extends to an interior of the water collecting tank (11).