ES2744407T3 - Method for cycling biomasses between mushroom cultivation and anaerobic fermentation with biogas, and for separating and drying a worn out biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for culturing fungal cells, said method comprises the steps of a. providing a biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts of a biogas fermenter after anaerobic fermentation and biogas production, b. subjecting the fermented biomass material from step a) to one or more separation steps that result in the provision of i) a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, and having a reduced content (w / w ) of water, and comprising one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and lignocellulose, and ii) at least one liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid organic and inorganic phosphorus-containing parts, c . subjecting the solid fibrous fraction from step b) to a treatment of sanitation and N extraction comprising the steps of i) heating the solid fibrous fraction to a temperature of more than 70 ° C, optionally under alkaline pH conditions, and optionally ii) subjecting the solid fibrous fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen to a pressure of more than 1 bar, wherein said treatment i) reduces or eliminates viable microorganisms present in the solid fibrous fraction, and ii) reduces the content of volatile nitrogen-containing compounds and / or volatile precursor compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction, and d. obtaining a solid fibrous substrate comprising organic and inorganic nitrogen parts having a reduced content of volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, e. providing cells and / or fungal spores, f. contacting the fungal cells and / or spores with the fibrous solid substrate, g. culturing the fungal cells and / or spores on said substrate, and h. optionally obtain a spent fungal substrate.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Biomass cycling method between fungal cultivation and anaerobic fermentation with biogas, and to separate and dry a worn biomass

Disclosure Field

The present disclosure refers to the processing of biomass material and the production of renewable energy. In particular, the disclosure relates to a method for anaerobic fermentation of a biomass material, the production of biogas and the separation and drying of spent biomass material to produce a fibrous solid fraction capable of being used as a substrate for culturing fungal cells. Combined methods for producing biogas and obtaining a fibrous solid fraction and using said fibrous solid fraction as a substrate to grow fungal cells are also described. The recycling of the spent fungus substrate thus produced back to a biogas fermenter and the complementation of the spent fungus substrate with, for example, organic waste biomass is also described.

Disclosure Background

Many traditional energy sources, such as fossil fuels, are running out faster than new ones are being made. Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources because they take millions of years to form. In addition, the use of fossil fuels raises serious environmental concerns. Renewable energy sources represent a promising alternative to many traditional energy sources. Biomass represents a renewable energy source.

In order for biomass energy to have a long-term commercial future, organic material must be processed to generate affordable, clean and efficient forms of energy, such as liquid and gaseous fuels, or electricity. Biomass processing is important to ensure efficient exploitation of biomass energy. However, energy potential can often be difficult to exploit. A greater exploitation of the energy potential of a biomass can lead to a greater production of renewable energy sources, such as biogas.

In addition, spent biomass materials that have a reduced content of organic nitrogen that can be improved, sterilized and reused in the production of many edible products.

Extensive scientific and engineering work has been carried out on the biogasification of waste materials. The fundamental technique is based on an anaerobic digestion process or fermentation. However, anaerobic microorganisms responsible for methanogenesis are inhibited by ammonia and anaerobic methanogenic bacteria are inhibited and stop metabolizing nutrients effectively at high levels of ammonia concentration.

The problems associated with ammonia inhibition have made the currently available technical solutions difficult to operate - especially when using biomass that contains relatively high amounts of nitrogen.

To mitigate these problems, attempts have been made to control the carbon / nitrogen (C / N) ratio of the fermentation biomass material. However, cutting-edge solutions continue to suffer a number of disadvantages. For example, adjusting the concentration of ammonia in a reactor by adjusting the C / N ratio of the biomass is a slow process, and adjusting the C / N ratio may be insufficient when handling biomass prone to generate relatively high concentrations of ammonia during digestion. anaerobic

Lime pressure cooking and ammonia removal have been described as a way to reduce the amount of organic and inorganic nitrogen present in a biomass to be subjected to anaerobic fermentation. Reference is made, for example, US 7,883,884.

In addition, many complex biomasses contain macromolecular components that are difficult to metabolize for microbial organisms that traditionally participate in biogas production. In particular, macromolecular components, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignocellulose and lignin, are present in many biomass materials and can only be metabolized to a limited extent during a biogas fermentation process.

There is a need to improve and make pretreatment methods more profitable to make the recalcitrant biomass components mentioned above more accessible to many microbial organisms present during the different stages of biogas production.

Summary of the Invention

The present disclosure refers to the processing of biomass material and the production of renewable energy. In particular, the disclosure relates to a method for anaerobic fermentation of a biomass material, the production of biogas and the separation and drying of spent biomass material to produce a fibrous solid fraction capable of being used as a substrate for culturing fungal cells.

A first aspect of the disclosure relates to a method for culturing fungal cells, said method comprising the steps of

to. provide a biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts of a biogas fermenter after anaerobic fermentation and biogas production,

b. subjecting the fermented biomass material from stage a) to one or more separation stages that result in the provision of

i) a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, and having a reduced content (w / w) of water, and comprising one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and lignocellulose, and

ii) at least one liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid organic and inorganic parts containing phosphorus,

c. subjecting the fibrous solid fraction of step b) to a treatment of sanitation and extraction of N comprising the steps of

i) heating the fibrous solid fraction to a temperature of more than 70 ° C, optionally under alkaline pH conditions, and optionally ii) subjecting the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen to a pressure of more than 1 bar,

wherein said treatment i) reduces or eliminates viable microorganisms present in the fibrous solid fraction, and ii) reduces the content of volatile nitrogen-containing compounds and / or volatile precursor compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction, and

d. obtaining a fibrous solid substrate comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen that have a reduced content of volatile nitrogen-containing compounds,

and. providing fungal cells and / or spores,

F. contact the fungal cells and / or spores with the fibrous solid substrate,

g. culturing the fungal cells and / or spores in said substrate, and

h. optionally obtain a spent fungus substrate.

Definitions

Batch fermentation: Operation of a fermenter unit where a fermentation cycle, for example, preparation of raw material, biogas fermentation, production of volatile compounds and product formation is completed before the next fermentation cycle begins.

Bioenergy: The production, conversion and use of material produced directly or indirectly by photosynthesis (including organic waste) to manufacture fuels and substitutes for petrochemicals and other energy-intensive products.

Biogas: a mixture of gases produced by the decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. The Biogas mainly contains methane (CH ⁴ ) and also carbon dioxide (CO ² ), and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H ² S), moisture and siloxanes.

Biomass material: Organic material comprising fermentable sources of carbon and nitrogen capable of being used by microbial organisms in a fermentation.

Continuous fermentation: A steady state fermentation system in which the substrate is continuously added to a fermenter while the products and waste are removed at a stable rate.

Cooking: A process to convert dried starch and water into liquefied must (water, germ grain shells and dextrins) using pH controls, established temperature parameters, solids and enzyme controls. Dehydration: The separation of free water from the solid portion of, for example, fibrous solid fractions, spent must, sludge or whole vinegar by screening, centrifugation, filter pressing or other means.

Digestate: Solid fraction obtained from anaerobic fermentation and biogas production. A digestate comprises a fibrous fraction, non-fibrous solids, such as minerals, and a liquid fraction. Anaerobic digestion produces two main products: digestate and biogas.

Biomass material as raw material: A substance used as raw material in a fermentation.

Fermentation: Biological conversion of biomass materials. Fermentation is one of several stages in biomass processing. A fermentation is collectively all metabolic processes involved in the conversion of fermentable sugars into one or more final fermentation products, such as gases, acids and alcohols.

Fiber / fibrous material: Residual fraction of plant origin and part of a digestate resulting from anaerobic fermentation and biogas production. The chemical composition of a fibrous material or fraction may comprise or consist, for example, of cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin, lignocellulose and additional plant components, such as, for example, dextrins, inulin, chitins, pectins and beta-glucans N-mineralizations : Conversion process of ammonia (ions) into ammonia (gas). N Separator: Process of elimination of volatile compounds containing nitrogen by evaporation.

N water: Residual liquid fraction comprising small amounts of nitrogen-containing compounds largely inorganic.

NH ³ : Ammonia gas: inhibitor of a biogas fermentation in high concentrations. An example of a volatile nitrogen-containing compound.

NH ⁴ +: Ammonium ions or ammonium salt. Able to become gaseous ammonia. An example of a precursor compound of a volatile nitrogen-containing compound.

Permeate: Liquid fraction resulting from a separation process in which a biomass material separates into a fibrous solid fraction and one or more liquid fractions comprising solid and liquid matter. Permeate is an essentially liquid fraction without solid substances.

Predigested biomass material: Feed biomass material for anaerobic fermentation obtained from a previously performed anaerobic fermentation.

Mud: Manure with a total solids concentration of between approximately 5 and 15 percent. The sludge is pumpable. Above a total solids concentration of 15 percent, the sludge is semi-solid with an insignificant resting angle and can be scraped but not stacked for storage.

Elimination of volatile compounds: Process of carrying out an evaporation under conditions in which volatile compounds will be present in gaseous form.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 illustrates the principle of producing biogas comprising operating one or more biogas reactors and one or more fermentation (s) of different biomass; directly in a fermentation facility (thermo reactors or mesophiles) for normal and easy to handle wastes, and in an embodiment according to the present disclosure, after a pretreatment based on the type and complexity of the biomass, such as a thermochemical pretreatment, such as: lime pressure cooking results in the removal of ammonia N. While conventional biogas reactors can be operated using, for example, manure, organic waste materials, corn silage, whey and dairy wastes, cheese production sludge, as well as oils Vegetable, biogas reactors operated according to the present disclosure can be operated using a wide range of organic materials that have a high nitrogen content, such as complex wastes, especially when a first fermentation step is employed in a fermentation installation unit previous (indicated as a previous reactor), where the main objective is the elimination of the first solid or volatile like nitrogen instead of biogas production.

Figure 2 illustrates a process flow for various types of biomass according to an embodiment according to the present disclosure. The simplest manure and agricultural wastes are treated directly in the fermentation facility (mesophilic digester) after mixing them in M3 and M4. The industrial waste material is sent to the mesophilic digester after having undergone a thermophilic digestion stage.

The waste can first undergo a mixing stage in the M2 mixer. For manure and / or some category II wastes, a thermochemical treatment is used in the pressure unit (pressure cooker) before the waste is sent to the fermentation facility. The pressure cooker is operatively connected to an N separator to remove the nitrogen produced during the hydrolysis process in the pressure unit.

For complex wastes and some category II wastes, an additional pre-treatment stage is carried out in the pre-reactor before thermochemical treatment, to maximize the conversion of organic N and protein. The prereactor is operationally connected to an N and sanitation separator unit, to pass before sending the first disinfected fermented biomass for thermochemical treatment in the pre-reactor, followed by fermentation for biogas production. As part of post-processing, separation techniques can be used to obtain valuable recoverable resources such as N, P, K, water.

Figure 3 illustrates a system diagram for using the process according to an embodiment according to the present disclosure. In particular, the system includes the collection and storage of food stocks that provide category II and / or complex biomass for the generation of biogas using the first fermentation installation unit (pre-fermenters) and the separation unit of N and of sanitation The separator and the sanitation unit are connected to the pressure unit (pressure cooker) where hydrolysis occurs. The pressure units are in turn connected to the fermentation facility which may include a plurality of potentially interconnected thermophilic or mesophilic digesters.

In other embodiments according to the present disclosure, there is a biomass feed facility directly to the pressure unit (see liquid wastes I, II and II), the directly fed biomass is then sent to the fermentation facility after hydrolysis in the pressure unit In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, the biomass can also be fed directly to the fermentation facility, either directly to thermophilic fermenters or directly to mesophilic fermenters or in sequence, as shown by liquid wastes IV, V and VI or by feeding glycerin, vegetable oil, milk and whey. In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, the pre-fermenters of the pre-fermentation plant are also directly connected to the fermenters of the fermentation plant. In yet another embodiment according to the present disclosure, a closed circuit is provided between the pressure unit and the pre-fermenters to allow further fermentation of the biomass material.

Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of the system for handling complex wastes according to an embodiment according to the present disclosure. The biomass is fermented for the first time in the pre-reactor installation, then the first fermented biomass is diverted to the extraction and sanitation unit. The ammonia generated during the first fermentation is removed and absorbed. The first disinfected fermented biomass is subjected to pressure cooking (with or without addition of lime) in the pressure unit and the ammonia generated during this stage is removed and absorbed. Hydrolyzed biomass with reduced N content is then diverted to fermenters for anaerobic fermentation and biogas production. Some of the biomass that is fermented in the fermenters can be diverted back to the pre-fermenters, where the amount acts as a starter culture to facilitate the start of fermentation in the pre-fermenters. In some situations, the first fermented biomass can omit the thermochemical treatment in the pressure unit and can be sent directly to the fermenters for biogas production.

Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the principles of handling and processing of a biomass material according to the methods selected from the present description. Biomass with a high content of dry matter and fiber are ground and mixed with wetter types of biomass in the Bio-Mixer and from there lead to the Feed-Mixer where they finally mix with preheated biomass and the N separator to obtain drying desired content of matter and temperature before adding to the meso Mother Reactor or pre-reactors (PI - PIV)

The Meso Madre reactor is a normal biogas reactor that operates at 35-38 dg C, dry matter content -12 -15% and average retention time of 12-15 days. The pre-reactors are smaller batch reactors operated at 35-38 dg C, 15-18% dry matter content and average retention time of 8-10 days 1 day to “remove and empty” and 1 day to “recharge ”, To obtain the highest possible NH4 + -N content before the process is“ eliminated ”when adding CaO.

From the pre-reactors the partially degassed biomass is pumped to the department of Sep and Sed (separation and sedimentation) and here it is divided into the desired fractions (fibers, concentrate, P sediment and permeate) or directly directed to the N separator. The fiber is dried in the drum dryer to evaporate the inorganic components of N and the water.

Concentrate, with a high NH4 + -N content, is taken to the N extractor and after the N extraction is recycled as valuable feed material and heated to the Feed-Mixer. The P sediment with high P content and low volatile dry matter content is dried in the drum dryer and converted into high value dry P fertilizers. Permeate: high in NH4 + -N content but low in Org N and P content is taken to the N extractor and after N extraction it is recycled again as the first dilution and heating of the feed material to the Feed Mixer.

Figure 7 illustrates the principle of drying a fibrous solid fraction using a drum dryer fed with low quality wood chips and / or wood debris.

The combustion air is taken from the production area and some pressure is created to preferably reduce or eliminate the emission of odors and odorants to the surrounding environment.

The exhaust steam of the drum dryer with its energy content, water, inorganic components of N, odors and volatile substances are injected into predigested, concentrated or permeated biomass of Sep and Sed in the N extraction units and integrated as part of biomass from the N extractor and heated.

CoA is added to ensure the optimal effect of N extraction. The N gas extractor is absorbed into absorbents and fixed in a liquid NS fertilizer by adding H ² SO ⁴ . The water part of the absorbents is collected as N water and used in the production of new foods and in agriculture for irrigation purposes or recycled back to the Feed-Mixer as the second dilution and heating of the feed material.

Figure 8 illustrates a fungus substrate as a dry fiber mixture of partially degassed biomass, as well as other specific types of N fibers and water. From the substrate, the fungus takes water and part of nutrients and breaks down cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and other components to obtain C. From 1.2 kg of substrate 0.2 kg of exotic fungi are produced (for example, Enokitake or Eryngii) and 1 kg of spent fungus substrate or pretreated biomass suitable as basic feed material for biogas.

Figure 9 illustrates a principle to separate and sediment a biomass material from an anaerobic fermentation. The partially degassed biomass is pumped to the inlet of the ^1st vibrating screen and separated into a fibrous solid fraction pellet P, concentrate and permeate.

Fig. 10 illustrates the data in table 6 (see examples)

Detailed description of the disclosure

The present invention is as defined in the claims.

The present disclosure generally refers to a combined method for manufacturing and recycling a fibrous solid fraction obtained from an anaerobic biogas fermentation to grow basidiomycete cells, and subsequently use the spent basidiomycete substrate as a feedstock biomass material in anaerobic fermentation of biogas from which the fibrous solid fraction used for the basiciomycete cell culture was obtained.

In one aspect according to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for manufacturing a fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing Basidiomycete cells.

In another aspect according to the present disclosure, a method for culturing fungal cells, including Basidiomycete cells, and / or spores, on a fibrous solid substrate is provided.

In a further aspect according to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for recycling biomass materials comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen selected from substrate biomass materials of spent fungal species and degassed fermented biomass materials.

In a further aspect according to the present disclosure, a method is provided for controlling the nutrient composition of a fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing Basidiomycete cells.

In a further aspect according to the present disclosure, a method is provided for controlling the moisture content and nutrient composition of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen suitable for culturing Basidiomycete cells.

In a further aspect according to the present disclosure, a method is provided for separating and drying a biomass material comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, and providing a fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing Basidiomycete cells.

In a further aspect according to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for reducing the content of inorganic nitrogen compounds in a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen of a biomass material comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and which provides a fibrous solid substrate component suitable for culturing basidiomycete cells.

In a further aspect according to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for increasing the relative amount of organic nitrogen content of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen from a biomaterial after fermentation and biogas production.

In yet another aspect according to the present disclosure, there is provided a method to fractionate a biomass material and obtain a) a fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, said fibrous solid fraction further comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, b) in at least one liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, and c) a fraction or sediment containing phosphorus.

In another additional aspect according to the present disclosure, a method for producing a biogas by anaerobic fermentation of a biomass material is provided.

In a further aspect according to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for producing biogas and gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds by sequential anaerobic fermentations and at least partially extracting said volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, including ammonia, from fermented biomass materials that They comprise organic and inorganic parts.

In a further aspect according to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for producing biogas and reducing or eliminating the emission of a biogas fermentation plant from undesirable odors in the form of gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, and optionally also containing sulfur compounds, by sequential anaerobic fermentations and the extraction of at least partially said volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, and optionally also said volatile sulfur-containing compounds, including ammonia and, when present, hydrogen sulfide, from fermented biomass materials comprising organic and inorganic parts.

In a further aspect according to the present disclosure, a method for sequential fermentation of a biomass material is provided.

In a further aspect according to the present disclosure, a method is provided for obtaining a feed biomass material suitable for use in anaerobic biogas fermentation.

In a further aspect according to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for sequentially and differentially fermenting a biomass material comprising different sources of bioenergy.

In yet another aspect according to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for producing and collecting first and second volatile compounds through sequential fermentations of a fermentable biomass material. The processing of biomass materials before anaerobic biogas fermentation and the extraction of N ammonia before carrying out the biogas fermentation is not always sufficient to avoid undesirable inhibition of biogas producing bacteria by ammonia not extracted during the stage of pretreatment There is a need to improve the processing and removal of volatile solids from biomass before said biomass undergoes pretreatment stages, for example, which involve thermochemical processing steps, such as, for example, lime pressure cooking.

There is also a need for innovative and innovative methods to extract N ammonia from different biomass, such as biomass materials that have a high N content.

In addition, there is a need to improve the efficiency of anaerobic biogas fermentations and their ability to use macromolecular nutrient constituents selected in particular from cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and lignocellulose.

The present disclosure facilitates efficient biomass processing and increased renewable energy production from anaerobic processing and fermentation of a wide variety of biomass materials.

Many types of biomass / organic materials have a high energy potential that can be exploited by processing the biomass material. One way to process an organic material is to perform an anaerobic fermentation that results in the production of biogas. This process represents the conversion of an energy potential into an easily usable energy source.

There are four key biological and chemical stages of an anaerobic fermentation: hydrolysis; acidogenesis; acetogenesis; and methanogenesis. In order for bacteria under anaerobic conditions to exploit the energy potential of organic materials used as substrates, the macromolecules present in biomass materials must initially decompose into their smallest constituent parts. The process of breaking macromolecular structures initially involves hydrolysis and / or oxidation of macromolecular structures. The decomposition of the macromolecular components present in the biomass materials can take place advantageously, for example, during a pretreatment processing stage before anaerobic fermentation and biogas production.

The resulting constituent parts, which include monomers and oligomers, such as degraded constituents comprising sugar residues and / or amino acids, can be more easily metabolized by microbial organisms involved in one or more of the steps of acidogenesis; acetogenesis; and methanogenesis.

Acetate and hydrogen produced in the early stages of an anaerobic fermentation can be used directly by methanogens. Other molecules, such as volatile fatty acids (VFA) with a chain length that is greater than that of acetate, must first be catabolized into compounds that can be directly metabolized by methanogens.

The biological process of acidogenesis further decomposes the remaining components by acidogenic (fermentative) bacteria. Here, AGVs are created along with ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, as well as other by-products.

The third stage of an anaerobic fermentation is acetogenesis. Here, simple molecules created through the acidogenesis phase are further digested by acetogens to produce acetic acid, as well as carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

The final stage of an anaerobic fermentation is that of methanogenesis. Methanogens metabolize the intermediate compounds formed during the previous stages of anaerobic fermentation, and these compounds are metabolized into methane, carbon dioxide and water. The aforementioned compounds are the main components of a biogas. Methanogenesis is sensitive to high and low pH, and methanogenesis usually occurs between pH 6.5 and pH 8.

The non-digestible remaining organic material that the microbes present in the biogas fermenter cannot Metabolizing, together with dead bacterial debris, constitutes the fermentation digestate in the form of a fibrous solid fraction that can be separated more from the liquid and processed fermentations as described below.

In addition to having a high energy potential, many biomass materials also have a high nitrogen content (N). When such organic materials are used as substrates to convert organic materials into bioenergy in a bioenergy plant, in particular biogas in a biogas plant, organic N will gradually become ammonia.

The formation of ammonia in a bioenergy plant, especially at high levels, represents a problem since many biogas producing bacteria are sensitive to high levels of ammonia, and high levels of ammonia in a biogas fermenter will reduce or inhibit the production of methane. Ultimately, the formation of high levels of ammonia will kill the biogas producing bacteria and inhibit any additional biogas formation.

The inhibitory levels of ammonia in a biogas fermenter depend on the conditions used. Under thermophilic fermentation conditions, approx. From 3.8 to 4.2 kg of ammonia per ton of biomass, such as 4.0 kg, it is considered inhibitory if the biomass has been chemically pretreated with added limestone, otherwise, in the absence of any thermochemical pretreatment, the inhibitory level is approx. 3.4 to 3.6 kg of ammonia per ton of biomass, such as 3.5 kg. Under conditions of mesophilic fermentation, the figure is approx. From 5.5 to 6.0 kg of ammonia per ton of biomass, such as 5.8 kg, it is considered inhibitory if the biomass has been chemically pretreated with added limestone, otherwise, in the absence of any thermochemical pretreatment, the inhibitory level is approx. 4.4 to 5.0 kg of ammonia per ton of biomass, such as 4.7 kg. The biogas fermentation process can be expected to be completely inhibited at ammonia levels of approx.

7.0 kg to 7.5 kg of ammonia per ton of biomass, such as 7.2 kg of ammonia per ton of biomass.

The above mentioned ammonia inhibition threshold values are generally taken into account when operating commercial biogas plants using conventional organic materials as substrates for biogas producing bacteria. Many of these plants are operated according to a two-step strategy that initially adopts thermophilic digestion conditions in a first step and mesophilic digestion conditions in a separate and subsequent second step.

The conversion of organic N to N of ammonia progresses during an anaerobic fermentation process, that is, during the process of generating biogas by anaerobic fermentation, and a conversion of up to approx. 60 to 70% organic N to N ammonia can be expected according to the present disclosure.

Particular challenges arise when it is desirable to process organic materials that have a particularly high content of organic N, since it is expected that ammonia inhibitory levels during biogas fermentation occur relatively early in the fermentation process due to high levels of fermentation. Organic N and protein in the organic material to be processed.

Problems related to the high content of organic N in basic raw materials are also well known in relation to the production of fungus substrate and this is usually solved by composting and mixing. Doing this means losing valuable C content of the easily degradable part of volatile solids and, in parallel, part of N. is lost.

Conventional substrate production is based on the use of poultry manure, deep litter, straw, sawdust and similar types of complex organic waste with high cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and / or organic N content.

The use of the spent mushroom substrate as the main feed material in a conventional biogas plant is due to the high content of organic N that is not possible, but in combination with other types of waste and biomass, and when technologies and processes are used In the present disclosure, the spent substrate is a valuable feedstock. This is illustrated in the examples.

Examples of organic materials with a high N content, as evidenced in the above tables, are, for example, cheese sludge and offal, stomach and intestinal products, and other categories or types of debris in tablets. However, in order to perform such a mixture, one needs to have access to organic materials low in N, and this poses a particular challenge with regard to mixing facilities and the general availability of particular types of organic materials that will need to be available for “dilution. "Of organic materials that They contain high levels of organic N and / or protein. Consequently, it is not always possible to make such a mixture of different organic materials and even if possible, imposes certain practical restrictions on the organic materials to be processed by anaerobic fermentation.

The present disclosure also provides technical solutions to the problem of how to adjust and control the moisture content and the content of inorganic N as well as organic N and, in parallel, provides technical solutions on the problem of how to improve the production of biogas in a trade of vegetable biogas. The solutions involve innovative and inventive methods to reduce organic N and protein in an organic material that also comprises at least one source of carbon (C), either before carrying out an anaerobic fermentation resulting in biogas production or during the progress of an anaerobic fermentation.

Anaerobic fermentation resulting in the production of biogas is followed by one or more processing steps intended for the extraction of N ammonia from the organic material after biogas production by pre-digestion in fermentation, heating and drying facilities. This is illustrated in the examples. The present disclosure generally refers to a combined method for manufacturing and recycling a fibrous solid fraction obtained from an anaerobic biogas fermentation to grow basidiomycete cells, and subsequently use the spent basidiomycete substrate as a feedstock biomass material in anaerobic fermentation of biogas from which the fibrous solid fraction used for the basiciomycete cell culture was obtained.

Once the fibrous solid substrate has been obtained from an anaerobic biogas production, the fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing basidiomycete cells can be contacted with one or more species of basidiomycete cells or spores, and culturing said cells or spores of basidiomycete in said fibrous solid substrate according - in an embodiment according to the present disclosure - with latest generation culture protocols. Examples of such protocols are presented here elsewhere.

It may be necessary to add to said fibrous solid fraction thus obtained which comprises parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen one or more solid and / or liquid supplementary nutrient substrate compositions, thereby generating a ready-to-use final fibrous solid substrate suitable for cell culture. Basidiomycetes In addition, a pH adjustment of the liquid parts of the final fibrous solid substrate, ready to use, suitable for culturing Basidiomycete cells may be necessary, said adjustment resulting in a final pH value of about 5.0 to about 7.5.

Accordingly, in an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the method cited above further comprises the steps of adding to said fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen one or more solid and / or liquid supplemental nutrient substrate compositions, by thus generating a final, ready-to-use fibrous solid substrate, suitable for the cultivation of Basidiomycete cells, and / or adjusting the pH of the liquid parts of the final, ready-to-use fibrous solid substrate, suitable for cell culture. Basidiomycetes, said pH adjustment resulting in a final pH value of about 5.0 to about 7.5.

The fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing basidiomycete cells preferably comprises one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignocellulose in the form of feed biomass material that collectively comprises cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as macromolecular constituents is another example according to the present disclosure of biomass materials and constituents of difficult macromolecular nutrients for microbial organisms involved in one or more stages of a Anaerobic fermentation and biogas production to digest.

The first stages of a biogas fermentation include an initial stage of hydrolysis of macromolecular nutrient constituents in their basic constituents, or in nutrient constituents that can be more easily metabolized and fermented by the microbial organisms involved in one or more stages of a fermentation. anaerobic and biogas production.

The metabolism of nutrient constituents is essential for the production of biogas since fermentable and energy-generating microbial activities cannot be performed in the absence of said metabolism.

It is a particular challenge during an anaerobic biogas fermentation that does not, or that insufficient hydrolysis of macromolecular nutrient constituents occurs in their basic constituents, or in nutrient constituents that can be more easily metabolized and fermented by microbial organisms. involved in one or more stages of an anaerobic fermentation and biogas production.

Consequently, the fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing Basidiomycete cells with one or more species of Basidiomycete cells or spores that will contain, as a result of insufficient hydrolysis of macromolecular nutrient components in their basic components, or in nutrient components that can be more microbial organisms involved in one or more stages of anaerobic fermentation and biogas production that are easily metabolized and fermented - one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as lignocellulose, a biomass material that collectively comprise cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as such macromolecular nutritional components are difficult, if not impossible, for many, if not all, of the microbial organisms involved in one or more stages of anaerobic fermentation and biogas production to digest.

However, many fungal organisms, including many basidiomycetes, are capable of digesting macromolecular nutritional components preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, as well as lignocellulose, since many fungal organisms produce and secrete extracellular enzymes for which said components of macromolecular nutrients form a substrate.

Accordingly, the Basidiomycetes cell can be selected from any of the subclasses of Agaricomycetidae, Exobasidiomycetidae, Tremellomycetidae and Ustilaginomycetidae, provided that the Basidiomycetes cell in question is capable of degrading or digesting one or more macromolecular constituents of nutrients preferably selected from the group consisting of nutrients preferably selected from the group , hemicellulose and lignin, as well as lignocellulose.

Preferred basidiomycete cells are those that are edible, such as a cell selected from the genera of Agaricus, Lentinula (Lentinus), Flammulina, Pleurotus; and Lyophyllum. In addition, and more specifically, the Basidiomycete cell can be selected from the species of Lentinula (Lentinus) edodes; Edible species of Agaricus, such as Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), also known as Agaricus subrufescens Peck, also known as Agaricus brasiliensis Wasser and Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes (Enokitake), Pleurotus eryngii (Eryngii ostus; Pleurotus ostus; Pleurotus; and Lyophyllum shimeji (Shimeji).

Therefore, recycling once, or more than once, in any order, a) anaerobic biogas fermentation methods that explode, such as feed biomass material, spent fungal substrate, and b) basidiomycete culture methods used in a solid fibrous fraction from waste, anaerobically fermented biomass material as a substrate for the cultivation of said basidiomycetes; It can be recycled and used more efficiently for all the macromolecular nutrient constituents mentioned above present in a biomass material that will be used both for anaerobic fermentation of biogas and for the cultivation of fungal species.

Suitable fungal organisms may be selected from organisms that constitute the Basidiomicotas phylum of the Fungi kingdom or, in older classification schemes, the Basidiomycetes class of the Plantae kingdom, that is, fungal organisms characterized by carrying spores in a basidium, including edible fungi described in this document elsewhere in more detail. Preferred basidiomycetes are those genera and species that produce extracellular enzymes capable of digesting one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and lignocellulose. Among the genera and species of Basidiomycetes preferred, the genera and species of Basidiomycetes which are edible are particularly preferred.

The sequential and combined reuse of degassed biomass materials and spent fungus substrates, respectively, is described in several aspects according to the present disclosure, as will be clear from the following description of the present disclosure. The spent fungal substrate diverted to an anaerobic biogas fermenter as described above is supplemented with additional organic waste biomass materials before biogas fermentation to provide a more optimal feed biomass material and to ensure the continuous use of adequate sources and preferred of fermentable and biodegradable biomass materials. Solid biomass raw materials entering an anaerobic biogas fermenter in this way can be diluted to an adequate total solid content by adding to said solid biomass raw materials for any liquid dilution or suspension source, such as liquids obtained by Fragment and drain a spent, fermented and degassed biomass material to obtain a fibrous solid fraction. Manure sludge can also be accepted for this purpose.

The fibrous solid substrate obtained from an anaerobic biogas fermentation preferably comprises one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, or in the form of lignocellulose. The fibrous solid substrate may also comprise one or more of said macromolecular constituents, preferably more than one macromolecular constituent, such as two or three macromolecular constituents selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, wherein said macromolecular constituents are not, or are only partly, metabolized by anaerobic bacteria involved in the production under anaerobic fermentation of biogas, and it can be metabolized at least in part by said Basidiomycete cells in contact with the fibrous solid substrate.

The digestion in particular by extracellular basidiomycete enzymes of said macromolecular constituents results in hydrolysis and / or oxidation of at least part of said macromolecular constituents, wherein said hydrolysis and / or oxidation of at least part of said macromolecular constituents in turn generates a substrate capable of being fermented by microbial organisms involved in one or more stages of a biogas fermentation, wherein said microbial organisms involved in said stage or more stages of a biogas fermentation preferentially metabolize hydrolysis and / or oxidation products resulting from the hydrolysis and / or oxidation of said macromolecular constituents, and metabolizes with less preference said macromolecular constituents, including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, or wherein said microbial organisms involved in said one or more stages of a biogas fermentation are essentially You are unable to metabolize these macromolecular constituents, including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.

The general lack of hydrolysis of said macromolecular components, including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, by methanogenic bacteria and other anaerobic bacteria involved in the production of biogas under anaerobic fermentation conditions, will result in said macromolecular components being present during a Anaerobic fermentation of biogas during one or more stages of anaerobic fermentation of biogas, including selected stages of acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis.

A method for manufacturing a fibrous solid substrate suitable for fungal cell culture

In one aspect according to the present disclosure, there is provided a method for manufacturing a fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing fungal cells, such as basidiomycetes, said method comprising the steps of i) providing a biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts of a fermenter of biogas after anaerobic fermentation and biogas production (a degassed or partially degassed biomass),

ii) subjecting the biomass material to one or more separation steps that result in the provision of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and at least one liquid fraction, said liquid fraction optionally by parts comprising phosphorus ( P) solid and liquid organic and inorganic, iii) subjecting the fibrous solid fraction to a sanitation treatment comprising one or more sanitation steps, wherein said sanitation treatment a) reduces or eliminates viable microorganisms present in the fibrous solid fraction , and / or b) reduces the content of volatile compounds containing nitrogen and / or volatile precursor compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction,

iv) obtain a fibrous solid fraction having a reduced content of nitrogen-containing compounds (and / or a fibrous solid fraction extracted from ammonia and / or disinfected) suitable for use as a fibrous solid substrate for culturing fungal cells (such as Basidiomycete) , Y

v) optionally, adding to said fibrous solid fraction one or more solid and / or liquid supplementary nutrient substrate compositions, thereby generating a fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing fungal cells (such as Basidiomycete).

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, 'a biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts of a biogas fermenter after anaerobic fermentation and biogas production' according to the disclosure is a degassed or partially degassed biomass, such as a biomass material which has undergone anaerobic fermentation, thus producing a biogas and degassed biomass material comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen.

A method for culturing fungal cells and / or spores in a fibrous solid substrate

In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for culturing fungal cells, which include Basidiomycete cells, and / or spores, on a fibrous solid substrate, said method comprising the steps of i) provide fungal cells and / or spores (such as basidiomycetes),

ii) provide a fibrous solid substrate for culturing fungal cells and / or spores (such as basidiomycetes) obtained by any of the methods of the present disclosure described herein,

iii) contacting the fungal cells and / or spores (such as basidiomycete) provided in step i) with the fibrous solid substrate provided in step ii),

iv) culturing the fungal cells and / or spores (such as basidiomycetes) in said substrate,

v) obtain spent fungal substrate (or spent fungal substrate biomass material), and

vi) optionally collecting the spent fungal substrate, wherein said spent fungal substrate is at least partially digested by the cultivation of the fungal cells and is suitable as a food source for anaerobic fermentation and biogas production.

A method for recycling biomass materials comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen selected from spent fungal substrate biomass materials and degassed fermented biomass materials

In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method is provided for recycling biomass materials comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen selected from 1) spent fungal substrate biomass materials and 2) degassed fermented biomass materials, wherein said method is for

a) recycle, more than once, spent fungal substrate biomass material from a fungal culture and reuse said substrate biomass material in an anaerobic biogas fermentation that takes place in an anaerobic biogas fermenter, said fermentation results in the production of biogas and degassed, fermented biomass material for recycling, and / or

b) recycle, more than once, a fibrous solid fraction of a degassed fermented biomass material of said anaerobic biogas fermenter to a fungal culture facility, and reuse said fibrous solid fraction of degassed fermented biomass material of said fermenter of anaerobic biogas for cultivating said fungus, said mushroom cultivation results in the provision of fungi and a fungal substrate biomass material spent for recycling,

said method, which comprises the steps of

i) cycling, more than once, spent fungal substrate biomass material from a fungal culture and reusing said substrate biomass material in an anaerobic biogas fermentation that takes place in an anaerobic biogas fermenter, said fermentation results in the production of biogas and degassed, fermented biomass material for recycling, and / or

ii) cycling, more than once, a fibrous solid fraction of a degassed fermented biomass material of said anaerobic biogas fermenter to a fungal culture facility, and reusing said degassed fibrous solid fraction of said anaerobic biogas fermenter to cultivate said cells and / or fungal spores, said fungal culture resulted in the supply of fungal cells and / or spores and a spent fungal substrate biomass material, suitable for use as a feed biomass material in an anaerobic biogas fermentation,

iii) fractionating the degassed fermented biomass material by subjecting the degassed fermented biomass material to one or more separation steps as described herein,

thus obtaining a) a fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, said fibrous solid fraction further comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, and b) at least one liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts,

wherein the anaerobic biogas fermenter is optionally complemented by the addition of other anaerobic fermentable organic waste biomass materials, such as in the form of supplementary feed reserve biomass materials.

A method for controlling the nutrient composition and / or moisture content of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen suitable for culturing fungal cells. In a further aspect of the present disclosure, a method for controlling the composition is provided. of nutrients and / or the moisture content of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen suitable for fungal cultures such as Basidiomycete cells and / or spores, said method comprises the steps of

i) provide a biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts of a biogas fermenter after anaerobic fermentation and biogas production,

ii) subjecting the biomass material to one or more separation steps that result in the provision of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and at least one liquid fraction, iii) evaporating, under predetermined conditions, of said fibrous solid fraction an aqueous gas further comprising one or more volatile compounds,

iv) obtaining a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen from which said one or more volatile compounds have been removed by evaporation,

wherein the fibrous solid fraction is suitable for use as a fibrous solid substrate for culturing fungi such as Basidiomycete cells, and

v) optionally adding to the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen obtained in step iv) one or more compositions of solid and / or liquid supplementary nutritional substrate, thus generating a fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing fungi such as cells of Basidiomycete, wherein at least one of the said, one or more nutrients can be extracted as volatile compounds of said fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen by evaporation under said predetermined conditions,

wherein said one or more nutrients become one or more volatile compounds, and

vi) controlling the nutrient composition and / or moisture content of the fibrous solid substrate by converting said one or more nutrients into one or more volatile compounds and evaporating said one or more volatile compounds as aqueous gases of said fibrous solid fraction comprising organic compounds and parts of inorganic nitrogen under predetermined evaporation conditions.

A method for separating and drying a biomass material comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, and providing a fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing fungal cells.

All the aforementioned aspects of the present disclosure employ the step of providing a fibrous solid fraction from a degassed fermented biomass material that has been fermented under anaerobic fermentation conditions.

Accordingly, the present disclosure in yet another aspect according to the present disclosure provides a method for separating and drying a biomass material comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, and providing a fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing fungi such as Basidiomycete cells, said method comprising the steps of

i) provide a biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts of a biogas fermenter after anaerobic fermentation and biogas production,

ii) subjecting the biomass material to one or more separation steps that result in the provision of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and at least a liquid fraction, iii) subjecting said fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen at sufficient heating to evaporate, under predetermined evaporation conditions, volatile compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen as volatile compounds, or sufficient to convert volatile precursor compounds into volatile compounds capable of evaporating in predetermined conditions,

iv) evaporating said one or more volatile compounds under predetermined evaporation conditions characterized at least by heating the fibrous solid fraction at a temperature of at least 70 ° C under alkaline pH conditions and at a pressure sufficient to evaporate said volatile compounds, and a. providing (obtaining) a) a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and having an increased content (w / w) of organic nitrogen compounds, a reduced content (w / w) of volatile compounds, or precursor compounds volatile, and a reduced content (w / w) of water, and b) an aqueous gas further comprising one or more volatile compounds, including ammonia,

thereby separating and drying a biomass biomaterial and providing a fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing fungal cells.

A method for reducing the content of inorganic nitrogen compounds in a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen

In a further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for reducing the content of inorganic nitrogen compounds in a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen of a biomass material comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and which provides a fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing fungi such as basidiomycete cells, said method comprises the steps of

i) provide a biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts of a biogas fermenter after anaerobic fermentation and biogas production,

ii) subjecting the biomass material to one or more separation steps that result in the provision of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and at least a liquid fraction, iii) subjecting said fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen at a sufficient heating to evaporate volatile inorganic nitrogen compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen as volatile inorganic nitrogen compounds, or in the form of volatile inorganic nitrogen precursor compounds capable of evaporating under predetermined conditions,

iv) converting said inorganic nitrogen compounds into volatile compounds containing gaseous nitrogen, including ammonia,

v) evaporating said volatile compounds containing nitrogen gas, including ammonia,

wherein said conversion and evaporation generates a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and having a reduced content of inorganic nitrogen compounds.

A method for increasing the relative amount of organic nitrogen content of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen from a biomaterial after fermentation and biogas production.

In a further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for increasing the relative amount of organic nitrogen content of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen of a biomass material after fermentation and biogas production. , said method comprises the steps of

i) provide a biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts of a biogas fermenter after anaerobic fermentation and biogas production,

ii) subjecting the biomass material to one or more separation steps that result in the provision of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and at least a liquid fraction, iii) subjecting said fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen at a sufficient heating to evaporate volatile inorganic nitrogen compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen as inorganic nitrogen compounds volatile, or in the form of volatile inorganic nitrogen precursor compounds capable of evaporating under predetermined conditions,

iv) converting said inorganic nitrogen compounds into volatile compounds containing gaseous nitrogen, including ammonia,

wherein said conversion and evaporation generate a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and having a greater relative amount of organic nitrogen.

A method for fractionating a biomass material and obtaining a) a fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, said fibrous solid fraction further comprises parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, b) at least one liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, and c) a fraction or sediment containing phosphorus

In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method to fractionate a biomass material and obtain a) a fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, said fibrous solid fraction further comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, b) in at least one liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, and c) a fraction or sediment containing phosphorus, said method comprising the steps of

i) providing a biomass material comprising solid and liquid nitrogen (N) and phosphorus-containing parts of a fermenter after anaerobic fermentation,

ii) subjecting the biomass material to one or more separation steps and obtaining a fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts containing organic and inorganic nitrogen, and at least one liquid fraction comprising organic and inorganic solid and liquid parts containing match,

iii) separating solid and liquid parts from the at least one liquid fraction by fractionation and / or sedimentation, and iv) obtaining a) a fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts comprising organic and inorganic nitrogen parts, b) a first fraction or solid sediment, containing phosphorus, suitable for use or added to an agricultural fertilizer containing phosphorus, and c) a first liquid fraction of permeate composed of solid and / or liquid parts containing nitrogen and / or phosphorus.

A method to produce a biogas by anaerobic fermentation of a biomass material

In a further aspect of the present disclosure, a method is provided for producing a biogas by anaerobic fermentation of a biomass material comprising the steps of

i) provide a suitable biomass material for anaerobic fermentation and biogas production, ii) ferment the biomass material under anaerobic fermentation conditions, thus producing a biogas and degassed biomass material comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen,

iii) collect and / or store the biogas,

said method optionally comprises the additional steps of

iv) fractionating the degassed biomass material and obtaining a fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, said fibrous solid fraction further comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, at least one liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, and a fraction or sediment containing phosphorus, said method comprises the additional steps of

v) separating solid and liquid parts from the at least one liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, and vi) obtaining a) a fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, wherein the fibrous solid fraction further comprises organic parts and inorganic nitrogen, b) a first fraction or solid sediment, containing phosphorus, suitable for use as, or added to, an agricultural fertilizer containing phosphorus, and c) a first liquid fraction of permeate comprising solid and liquid parts.

Production method of biogas and gases with volatile nitrogen containing compounds by sequential anaerobic fermentation and ammonia extraction

In a further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for producing biogas and gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds by sequential anaerobic fermentations and extraction of at least partially such volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, including ammonia, from fermented biomass materials comprising organic and inorganic parts, said method comprises the steps of

i) provide a first biomass material comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, ii) perform an initial anaerobic fermentation of the first biomass material in an anaerobic fermenter, iii) produce biogas and volatile compounds containing nitrogen and a first biomass material fermented under such anaerobic fermentation conditions,

wherein said initial fermentation of the first biomass material under anaerobic fermentation conditions results in at least partially converting parts of organic nitrogen into parts of inorganic nitrogen,

wherein said parts of inorganic nitrogen comprise or become gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds during said initial anaerobic fermentation,

iv) diverting the first fermented biomass material, and said gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds formed during said initial anaerobic fermentation, to an extractor and sanitation tank,

v) extracting at least part of said gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds from the first fermented biomass material in the extractor and the sanitation tank by heating at a temperature of at least 70 ° C at a pressure sufficient to extract said volatile compounds , thus obtaining a second biomass material comprising a reduced amount of inorganic nitrogen parts,

vi) diverting said second biomass material having a reduced amount of parts of inorganic nitrogen to another anaerobic fermenter and subsequently fermenting said second biomass material under anaerobic conditions,

vii) produce under anaerobic fermentation conditions biogas and volatile compounds containing nitrogen and a second fermented biomass material comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen,

viii) wherein said subsequent anaerobic fermentation of the second biomass material results in at least partially converting parts of organic nitrogen into parts of inorganic nitrogen,

wherein said parts of inorganic nitrogen comprise or are converted into gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds during said subsequent anaerobic fermentation,

ix) subjecting said second fermented biomass material to one or more separation steps that result in the formation of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and at least one liquid fraction,

x) subjecting said fibrous solid fraction at a temperature of at least 70 ° C at a pressure sufficient to extract said volatile compounds, and extracting the volatile nitrogen containing compounds present in the solid fibrous fraction, thereby generating a fibrous solid fraction that it has a reduced amount of volatile nitrogen-containing compounds and inorganic volatile nitrogen-precursor compounds, including ammonium, xi) forming a gaseous fraction comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, including ammonia, and having a temperature of at least 70 ° C , Y

xii) diverting said gaseous fraction comprising volatile compounds containing nitrogen, and having a temperature of at least 70 ° C, to the extractor and to the sanitation tank of step iv) for the extraction of said volatile compounds containing nitrogen,

wherein the diverted gas fraction comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, including ammonia, and having a temperature of at least 70 ° C, contributes to heating the first fermented biomass material in the extractor and sanitation tank, or a first additional biomass material that has been diverted to the extractor and sanitation tank of an anaerobic fermenter, and

wherein said volatile compounds diverted to said extractor and sanitation tank become solid forms and are stored until later use.

A method for producing biogas and reducing or eliminating the emission of a biogas fermentation facility of undesirable odors in the form of gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds and, optionally, also sulfur-containing compounds,

According to this aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for producing biogas and reducing or eliminating the emission of a biogas fermentation plant from undesirable odors in the form of gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, and optionally also containing sulfur compounds , by sequential anaerobic fermentation and extraction of at least partially said volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, and optionally also said volatile sulfur-containing compounds, including ammonia and, when present, hydrogen sulfide, from fermented biomass materials comprising organic parts and inorganic, said method comprising the steps of

i) providing a first biomass material comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and optionally also sulfur parts,

ii) perform an initial anaerobic fermentation of the first biomass material in an anaerobic fermenter, iii) produce biogas and volatile compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur, and a first fermented biomass material,

wherein said initial anaerobic fermentation of the first biomass material results in the conversion of parts of organic nitrogen at least partially into parts of inorganic nitrogen,

wherein said parts of inorganic nitrogen comprise or become gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds during said initial anaerobic fermentation,

wherein said sulfur parts, when present, comprise or become gases comprising volatile sulfur-containing compounds during said initial anaerobic fermentation,

iv) diverting the first fermented biomass material, and said gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds and, optionally, sulfur-containing compounds formed during said initial anaerobic fermentation, to an extractor and sanitation tank for the extraction of said volatile compounds, v) extracting at least part of said gases comprising volatile nitrogen and, optionally, sulfur-containing compounds by heating, at a temperature of at least 70 ° C at a predetermined pressure, extracting said volatile compounds, the contents of the extractor and the tank of sanitation, obtaining a second biomass material comprising a reduced amount of inorganic nitrogen and optionally sulfur parts, vi) diverting said second biomass material having a reduced amount of inorganic nitrogen parts and optionally sulfur to another anaerobic fermenter and subsequently ferment said second biomass material under anaerobic conditions,

vii) produce biogas and volatile nitrogen and, optionally, also sulfur-containing compounds, and a second fermented biomass material comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen under said anaerobic fermentation conditions,

wherein said subsequent anaerobic fermentation of the second biomass material results in at least partially converting parts of organic nitrogen into parts of inorganic nitrogen,

wherein said parts of inorganic nitrogen comprise or are converted into gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds during said subsequent anaerobic fermentation,

wherein said sulfur parts, when present, comprise or become gases comprising volatile sulfur-containing compounds during said subsequent anaerobic fermentation,

viii) subjecting said second fermented biomass material to one or more separation steps that result in the formation of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and at least one liquid fraction,

ix) subjecting said fibrous solid fraction to a heating and drying treatment, heating said solid fraction at a temperature of at least 70 ° C at a pressure sufficient to extract said volatile compounds, and the extraction of volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, and optionally also sulfur-containing compounds, present in the solid fibrous fraction,

thus generating a dry fibrous solid fraction having a reduced amount of volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, including volatile precursor compounds of ammonium and inorganic nitrogen, and optionally also a reduced amount of volatile sulfur-containing compounds, for example, sulfur of hydrogen, in which the heating and drying treatment exploits the primary and secondary combustion air sources, including the exhaust air sources, present or generated in the biogas fermentation facility as a result of performing said heating and drying process , wherein said primary and secondary combustion air sources are also diverted to said extractor and sanitation tank for conversion and / or collection as solids,

where the exploitation of the primary combustion air sources of the biogas fermentation facility results in the generation of a negative pressure in the biogas fermentation facility space, which the negative pressure prevents or contributes to undesirable odorants escape from the biogas fermentation facility,

x) forming a gaseous fraction comprising volatile compounds containing nitrogen, including ammonia, and having a temperature of at least 70 ° C at a pressure sufficient to form said gaseous fraction, xi) diverting said gaseous fraction comprising volatile compounds containing nitrogen, including ammonia, and optionally also volatile compounds containing sulfur, and having a temperature of at least 70 ° C at said predetermined pressure, towards the extractor and the sanitation tank of stage iv) for the extraction of said volatile compounds which contain nitrogen and optionally also said volatile compounds containing sulfur,

wherein the diverted gas fraction having a temperature of at least 70 ° C contributes to heating the first fermented biomass material in the extractor and sanitation tank, and / or the first additional biomass material has been diverted to the extractor tank and sanitation, and

wherein said volatile compounds diverted to said extractor and sanitation tank become solid forms and are stored until later use, and

xii) reduce or eliminate the emission of a biogas fermentation plant from undesirable odorants in the form of gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, and optionally also volatile compounds containing sulfur, performing said sequential anaerobic fermentations in a closed system and extracting the less partially compounds containing volatile nitrogen, and optionally also said compounds containing volatile sulfur, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide respectively, of fermented biomass materials comprising organic and inorganic parts,

wherein the conversion into solid forms of said volatile compounds diverted to said extractor and sanitation tank contributes to the reduction or elimination of the emission from the installation of biogas fermentation of undesirable odorants in the form of gases comprising said volatile compounds.

A method for sequential fermentation of a biomass material

In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for sequential fermentation of a biomass material is provided, said method comprising the steps of

i) fermenting a biomass material by anaerobic batch fermentation, where anaerobic batch fermentation results in the production of volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, including ammonia,

ii) removing said volatile nitrogen-containing compounds from the batch fermented biomass material, thereby reducing the content of volatile nitrogen-containing precursor compounds capable of becoming volatile nitrogen-containing compounds during said anaerobic batch fermentation, and generating a discontinuous fermented biomass material anaerobic that has a reduced amount of volatile inorganic nitrogen precursor compounds,

iii) obtaining an anaerobic discontinuous fermented biomass material having a reduced nitrogen content containing volatile compounds and comprising lignocellulose and additional macromolecular constituents not digested during said anaerobic discontinuous fermentation,

iv) divert anaerobic batch fermented biomass material from the batch fermentation facility to a fungal culture facility and use the batch fermented biomass material, or a solid fibrous fraction thereof that has a reduced amount of volatile compounds inorganic nitrogen precursors, as a substrate to grow one or more fungal species,

v) culturing said one or more fungal species on said substrate, wherein said culture results in the hydrolysis and / or oxidation of at least part of said lignocellulose and / or said additional macromolecular constituents not digested during said discontinuous fermentation and the formation of a worn out fungal substrate material,

vi) generating a spent fungal substrate material comprising macromolecular hydrolysis and / or oxidation products obtained by fungal digestion of said lignocellulose and / or said additional macromolecular constituents not digested during said anaerobic batch fermentation,

vii) divert the spent fungal substrate material from the facility to cultivate one or more fungal species to a facility for continuous anaerobic fermentation of biogas and use macromolecular hydrolysis and / or oxidation products in said spent fungal substrate material obtained by digestion fungal of said lignocellulose and / or said additional macromolecular components not digested during said anaerobic discontinuous fermentation as a substrate for microbial organisms involved in the continuous anaerobic fermentation of biogas, and

viii) perform a continuous anaerobic biogas fermentation using said spent fungal substrate material supplemented with one or more additional biomass materials as a substrate to produce said biogas during a continuous anaerobic biogas fermentation.

A method to obtain a feed biomass material suitable for use in anaerobic fermentation of biogas

In a further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for obtaining a biomass material of feedstock suitable for use in anaerobic fermentation and biogas production, said method comprising the steps of

i) providing a first fermented biomass material as a substrate for cultivating one or more fungal species, such as basidiomycetes, wherein said first fermented biomass material comprises one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin ,

ii) cultivating said one or more fungal species in said substrate, wherein said fungal species culture converts the constituents of macromolecular nutrients present in said substrate into constituents of lower molecular weight nutrients,

wherein the cultivation of said fungal species in said substrate generates a first substrate of spent fungal species,

iii) divert said first substrate of spent fungal species to an anaerobic biogas fermenter as a contribution to a feed biomass material,

iv) diverting one or more additional biomass materials to said anaerobic biogas fermenter, such as organic waste biomass materials comprising one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin,

v) perform an anaerobic fermentation of biogas using said first substrate of spent fungal species and said one or more additional biomass materials as biomass feedstock, and

vi) produce biogas by fermentation of said raw material under anaerobic fermentation conditions, where said anaerobic biogas fermentation generates a second fermented biomass material.

The method in an embodiment according to the present disclosure comprises the additional step of fractionating said second fermented biomass material into solid and liquid fractions and obtaining a solid fibrous fraction comprising solid and liquid parts.

The method in an embodiment according to the present disclosure further comprises the additional steps of i) providing said second fermented biomass material, or a solid fibrous fraction thereof, as a substrate for cultivating one or more fungal species, wherein said second biomass material fermented, or a solid fibrous fraction thereof, comprises one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin

ii) culturing said one or more fungal species in the substrate provided in step i), wherein said culture converts, by hydrolysis, oxidation or other macromolecular nutritional components present in said substrate into nutrient constituents of lower molecular weight

wherein said conversion of said macromolecular nutrient constituents is obtained when said fungal species are metabolizing said macromolecular constituents,

wherein the cultivation of said fungal species in said substrate provided in step i) generates a second substrate of spent fungal species having a different composition compared to the composition of the substrate provided in step i),

iii) divert said second substrate of spent fungal species to an anaerobic biogas fermenter as a contribution to a feed biomass material,

iv) diverting one or more additional biomass materials, preferably from organic waste biomass comprising one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, to said anaerobic biogas fermenter as an additional contribution to the formation of a suitable material feed biomass as a substrate to produce said biogas during an anaerobic biogas fermentation,

v) perform an anaerobic fermentation of biogas using said second substrate of spent fungal species and said one or more additional biomass materials, preferably organic waste biomass materials, such as biomass raw material, and

vi) produce biogas by fermentation of said raw material under anaerobic fermentation conditions, wherein said anaerobic biogas fermentation additionally generates a third fermented biomass material. The method in an embodiment according to the present disclosure further comprises the additional steps of i) providing said third fermented biomass material, or a solid fibrous fraction thereof, as a substrate for cultivating one or more fungal species,

wherein said third fermented biomass material, or a solid fibrous fraction thereof, comprises one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin,

ii) culturing said one or more fungal species in the substrate provided in step i), wherein said culture converts, by hydrolysis, oxidation or other macromolecular nutritive components present in said substrate into nutrient constituents of lower molecular weight,

wherein said conversion of said macromolecular nutrient constituents is obtained when said fungal species are metabolizing said macromolecular constituents,

wherein the cultivation of said fungal species on said substrate provided in step i) generates a third substrate of spent fungal species having a different composition compared to the composition of the substrate provided in step i),

iii) divert said third substrate of spent fungal species to an anaerobic biogas fermenter as a contribution to a feed biomass material,

iv) diverting one or more additional biomass materials, preferably from organic waste biomass comprising one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, to said anaerobic biogas fermenter as an additional contribution to the formation of a suitable material feed biomass as a substrate to produce said biogas during an anaerobic biogas fermentation,

v) perform an anaerobic fermentation of biogas using said third substrate of spent fungal species and said one or more additional biomass materials, preferably organic waste biomass materials, such as biomass raw material, and

vi) produce biogas by fermentation of said raw material under anaerobic fermentation conditions,

wherein said anaerobic biogas fermentation additionally generates a fourth fermented biomass material.

Cyclic reuse of a) spent fermentation substrate in the form of fermented biomass material, or a solid fibrous fraction thereof, for the cultivation of fungal species, and b) substrate of spent fungal species to perform an anaerobic fermentation of biogas, respectively, can be repeated one or more times,

wherein, preferably, the fermented biomass material, or a solid fibrous fraction thereof, provided step i) of said different cycles of the method as a substrate for cultivating one or more fungal species is obtained from different batches of fermentations, and where said different batches of fermentations, furthermore comprise evaporative extraction of volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, including ammonia, from said batch fermented biomass materials, thereby providing a substrate for cultivating said one or more fungal species that has a lower amount of Inorganic nitrogen compounds compared to a substrate of which there is no volatile nitrogen the compounds they contained had been removed before the cultivation of said fungal species.

The anaerobic biogas fermentation to which the spent fungal species are subtracted and the one or more additional biomass materials, preferably organic waste biomass materials, are diverted, is preferably the same continuous anaerobic biogas fermentation, and preferably the materials of spent anaerobic fermentation biomass of said continuous anaerobic biogas fermentation continuously deviates from said anaerobic biogas fermenter and combines with spent biomass materials from said discontinuous fermentations before said spent biomass materials are used as substrates for cell culture fungal

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, spent biomass materials are separated, dried and / or fractionated by a method for separating and drying a biomass material according to the present disclosure.

A method for sequentially and differentially fermenting a biomass material comprising different sources of bioenergy

In another additional aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for sequentially and differentially fermenting a biomass material comprising different sources of bioenergy, said method comprising the steps of

i) fermenting one or more first fermentable bioenergy sources that are part of a fermentable biomass material further comprising one or more additional fermentable bioenergy sources,

ii) produce a) one or more fermentation products that comprise, or are selected, biogas and gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, and b) a first fermented biomass material, preferably fermenting one or more of these first fermentable bioenergy sources , wherein said first fermented biomass material comprises a reduced amount of said one or more of the first fermentable bioenergy sources, and essentially all, or at least most of said one or more additional fermentable bioenergy sources,

iii) diverting said first fermented biomass material to a fungal culture facility and culturing fungal cells in said first fermented biomass material,

iv) produce a) fungal cell biomass, and b) a spent fungal substrate biomass material, metabolizing said one or more additional fermentable bioenergy sources and any other remaining fermentable bioenergy source, wherein said spent fungal substrate biomass material it comprises a reduced amount of said one or more additional fermentable bioenergy sources and first fermentable bioenergy sources generated by the fungal cell metabolism of said one or more additional fermentable bioenergy sources, v) harvesting said fungal cell biomass,

vi) diverting said spent fungus substrate biomass material to an anaerobic biogas fermenter as biomass raw material,

vii) supplement the biomass raw material in said anaerobic biogas fermenter with one or more biomass materials from organic waste,

wherein said one or more organic waste biomass materials comprise fermentable bioenergy sources selected from the first bioenergy sources and / or one or more additional bioenergy sources, viii) fermenting said combined feed biomass materials under anaerobic fermentation conditions , Y

ix) produce a) one or more fermentation products that comprise, or are selected, biogas and gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, and b) in addition a first fermented biomass material, preferably fermenting one or more of these first bioenergy sources fermentables present in the combined raw material of biomass,

wherein said first fermented biomass material further comprises a reduced amount of said one or more of the first fermentable bioenergy sources, and essentially all, or at least most of said one or more additional fermentable bioenergy sources.

The method in an embodiment according to the present disclosure further comprises the additional steps of x) producing a) additional fungal cell biomass, and b) additional spent fungal substrate biomass material, by metabolizing said one or more additional fermentable bioenergy sources and any another remaining fermentable bioenergy source,

wherein said additional spent fungal substrate biomass material comprises a reduced amount of said one or more additional fermentable bioenergy sources and, first, fermentable bioenergy sources generated by the fungal cell metabolism of said one or more bioenergy sources additional fermentables,

xi) collect said additional fungal cell biomass,

xii) diverting said additional spent fungal substrate biomass material comprising the first fermentable bioenergy sources generated by the metabolism of the fungal cells of said one or more additional fermentable bioenergy sources to an anaerobic biogas fermenter as feed biomass material ,

xiii) produce a) in addition, one or more fermentation products comprising, or selected, biogas and gases comprising volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, and b) additionally a first fermented biomass material, preferably fermenting one or more of these first sources fermentable bioenergy present in the combined biomass raw material, wherein additionally said first fermented biomass material comprises a reduced amount of one or more of the first fermentation bioenergy sources, and essentially all, or at least most of one or more bioenergy sources additional fermentables.

The fermentable biomass material provided in step i) is, in one embodiment, according to the present disclosure, a partially degassed biomass material obtained by performing an initial anaerobic fermentation that results in the production of a gaseous fraction comprising ammonia and biogas. Accordingly, the fermentable biomass material is preferably obtained from different batches of fermentations, and the method may comprise the additional step of evaporation of volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, including ammonia, from said fermented biomass materials, thus providing a substrate. to cultivate said one or more fungal species that have a smaller amount of inorganic nitrogen compounds compared to a substrate from which volatile nitrogen-containing compounds have not been removed before the cultivation of said fungal species.

The anaerobic biogas fermentation to which the spent fungal species are subtracted and the one or more additional biomass materials, preferably organic waste biomass materials, are diverted, is preferably the same continuous anaerobic biogas fermentation, and preferably the materials of spent anaerobic fermentation biomass of said continuous anaerobic biogas fermentation continuously deviates from said anaerobic biogas fermenter and combines with spent biomass materials from said discontinuous fermentations before said spent biomass materials are used as substrates for cell culture fungal

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, spent biomass materials are separated, dried and / or fractionated by a method for separating and drying a biomass material according to the present disclosure.

A method to produce and collect the first and second volatile compounds through sequential fermentations of a fermentable biomass material

This is an aspect of the present disclosure to provide a method for producing and collecting the first and second volatile compounds through sequential fermentations of a fermentable biomass material, said method comprising the steps of

i) perform a first anaerobic fermentation of a first fermentable biomass material, as in one or more prior fermentation facilities or in the first fermentation installation unit (s), thus obtaining a first fermented biomass material, and producing and collecting the first volatile nitrogen-containing compounds,

ii) partially separating at least the first fermented biomass material from the first volatile nitrogen-containing compounds and obtaining a first separate fermented biomass having a reduced content of the first volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, and / or a reduced carbon content and nitrogen containing precursor compounds capable of becoming first volatile compounds containing carbon and nitrogen during fermentation,

iii) divert the first separated and fermented biomass to a second fermentation facility to produce the second volatile compounds containing methane, and

iv) perform a second anaerobic fermentation of the first separate fermented biomass, optionally supplemented with additional organic waste biomass material, in the second fermentation facility, thus obtaining a second fermented biomass material, and producing and collecting at least the second compounds volatile containing methane.

It is understood that the method for producing and collecting the first and second volatile compounds through sequential fermentations of a fermentable biomass material, as described hereinbefore, can be combined with any of the other methods defined according to divulgation.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, at least some of said first volatile nitrogen-containing compounds produced from the fermentation of the first fermentable biomass material have an inhibitory effect on the formation of second volatile methane-containing compounds during the fermentation of the first fermentable biomass material in said one or more pre-fermentation facilities or first (s) fermentation installation unit (s), and

a greater amount of second volatile methane-containing compounds is produced from the anaerobic fermentation of the first fermented biomass separated in the second anaerobic fermentation facility due to the extraction of the first volatile nitrogen-containing compounds from said first fermentable biomass material , in said one or more prior fermentation installation or first fermentation installation unit (s).

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the first volatile compounds comprise gaseous ammonia.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the second volatile compounds, the second volatile compounds containing methane, collectively form a gas comprising methane, such as a gas comprising more than 50% methane, such as more than 60% methane , like more than 70% methane, like more than 80% methane, like more than 90% methane, like more than 95% methane, or more than 99% methane, like a biogas.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure,

• the formation of volatile nitrogen-containing first compounds inhibits the formation of second volatile methane-containing compounds during the first and / or second fermentation, and / or

• at least 20%, such as 30%, such as 40%, as at least 50%, of organic N in the biomass is converted to N ammonia during the first anaerobic fermentation, and / or

• the N ammonia extracted from the organic material in the pre-fermenters / pre-reactors is diverted to an extractor and sanitation tank and / or to an absorption column for the extracted N ammonia.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure,

• the method further comprises the step of mixing the complex biomass in a first mixing tank before the first fermentation in the pre-fermentation unit (s) or the first installation, wherein said mixing in an embodiment according to the This disclosure further includes the addition of lime and / or

• sequential fermentation of the fermentable biomass material comprises at least three separate fermentation stages, and / or

• the first fermentation takes place in thermophilic or mesophilic conditions, and / or

• the temperature for fermentation of the first fermentable biomass material is in the range of 25 ° C to 55 ° C, such as 25 ° C to 28 ° C, 28 ° C to 30 ° C, 30 ° C to 32 ° C, 32 ° C to 35 ° C, 35 ° C to 38 ° C, 38 ° C to 42 ° C, 42 ° C to 45 ° C, 45 ° C to 48 ° C, 48 ° C to 52 ° C, 52 ° C to 55 ° C, and / or

• The fermentation of the first fermentable biomass material is carried out until a substantial amount of first volatile compounds is produced, where a substantial amount of first volatile compounds is an amount that has an inhibitory effect on the microbial organisms that carry out the fermentation and inhibits effectively the growth and / or metabolism of said microbial organisms.

The separation of the first fermented biomass and the first compounds containing volatile nitrogen can be carried out in several ways according to the present disclosure.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the step of separating the first volatile compounds from the first fermentable biomass material includes diverting the first fermented biomass to an extractor and sanitation tank for the extraction of said first volatile compounds and heating the first fermented biomass from material, thus producing a first separate biomass material. The extraction of the first volatile compound includes the extraction of ammonia.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure

• the first separate fermented biomass is diverted to a pressure unit and subjected to thermal hydrolysis, thus producing a fermentable biomass at least partially hydrolyzed, and / or

• the first fermented biomass is diverted to a fermentation facility comprising thermophilic and / or mesophilic fermenters for the production of biogas, and / or

• the method comprises the additional step of diverting non-complex biomass material to the pressure unit and subjecting the combined biomass materials in the pressure unit to thermal hydrolysis, thus producing a fermentable biomass at least partially hydrolyzed, and diverting the less partially hydrolyzed, fermentable biomass to the second fermentation facility, and / or

• The method further comprises the stage of at least partially extracting the first volatile compounds formed during thermal hydrolysis.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, thermal hydrolysis occurs under predetermined alkaline conditions, optionally achieved by adding enough lime to reach a pH in the range of about 9 to about 12.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the hydrolysis of the biomass material in the pressure unit is carried out at a temperature in the range of 100 ° C to preferably less than 250 ° C, under a pressure of about 2 to preferably less than 20 bar, and with an operating time that preferably varies less than 60 minutes, or until the biomass is properly hydrolyzed.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the at least partially hydrolyzed biomass of the pressure unit is diverted to the pre-fermentation unit (s) or first fermentation facility for further fermentation. In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, said biomass at least partially hydrolyzed and further fermented is further diverted to the extraction of ammonia in an extraction and sanitation unit.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, additional fermentation is followed by additional thermal hydrolysis in the pressure unit to produce an additional and even more hydrolyzed biomass.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the method further comprises fermenting the at least partially hydrolyzed biomass and optionally further fermented in the second fermentation facility to produce a biogas comprising second volatile compounds.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the fermentation in the second fermentation facility comprises i) subjecting the at least partially hydrolyzed biomass or the additional hydrolyzed biomass to the first fermentation conditions that result in the formation of a first conditioned fermented biomass; and ii) subject the first conditioned fermented biomass to fermentation under a second set of conditions to produce a fermentation biomass and second volatile compounds. In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the first conditions comprise thermophilic conditions and the second conditions comprise mesophilic conditions. In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the first conditions comprise mesophilic conditions and the second conditions comprise thermophilic conditions.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, at least part of the first conditioned fermented biomass is diverted to a first mixing unit and / or to the previous fermentation installation units. In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, at least part of the fermented biomass is diverted to a first mixing unit and / or to one or more of the previous fermentation installation units.

A method for producing a first volatile compound is also provided through the fermentation of a biomass material comprising solid and / or liquid parts, the method comprising i) receiving the biomass material in one or more prior fermentation installation units ; and ii) perform a first fermentation of the biomass material in one or more prior fermentation installation units to produce a first fermented biomass material and at least the first volatile compound until a substantial amount of the first volatile compound is produced.

A method for identifying a complex biomass is also provided, the method comprises calculating the organic nitrogen content in relation to the total biomass material content; and categorizing the biomass material as a complex biomass if the biomass material comprises a high percentage of Organic nitrogen.

The disclosure in a further aspect according to the present disclosure is directed to a sequential fermentation installation plant to ferment a fermentation biomass and suitably adapted to generate at least the first and second volatile compounds, said fermentation installation plant comprises i) one or more unit (s) of prior fermentation facilities to perform a first fermentation of the fermentable biomass material,

ii) a separation unit operatively connected to the pre-fermentation installation unit (s) to separate, at least in part, the first fermented biomass material from the first volatile compounds, thereby obtaining a first separate fermented biomass comprising a reduced content of first volatile compounds and / or a reduced content of precursor compounds containing carbon and nitrogen capable of being converted during fermentation into first volatile compounds; Y

iii) a second fermentation facility operatively connected to the separation unit to perform a fermentation of the first separate fermented biomass, thus producing an additional fermented biomass material and second volatile compounds.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure,

• said separation unit comprises an N extraction unit for the extraction of the first volatile compounds of the fermented biomass material in one or more prior fermentation installation units, and / or

• said N extraction unit is connected to an absorption unit to absorb and condense the first volatile compounds extracted from the first fermented biomass material, and / or

• said separation unit comprises a sanitation unit to disinfect the first fermented biomass material, and / or

• said pre-fermentation installation unit (s) and the separation unit are connected so that the first fermented biomass material deviates from the pre-fermentation installation unit (s) to the separation, and / or

• said fermentation installation plant further comprises a pressure unit adapted to perform thermal hydrolysis, optionally under predetermined alkaline conditions, of the first separate fermented biomass material, in which the pressure unit is operatively connected to both the separation unit as to the second fermentation facility, and / or

• said fermentation installation plant further comprises an extractor tank connected to the pressure unit to extract the first volatile compounds from the hydrolyzed biomass, wherein the extraction tank is connected to an absorption unit to absorb and condense the first volatile compound extracted , and / or • said separation unit is connected to the pressure unit and / or the second fermentation facility so that the first fermented biomass material extracted from the first volatile compounds can be diverted to the pressure unit and / or the second fermentation facility, and / or

• said fermentation installation plant further comprises connections between the previous fermentation installation unit (s), the separation unit and the pressure unit,

• said pressure unit is connected to the second fermentation facility to at least partially divert hydrolyzed biomass, at least partially extracted from the first volatile compounds to the second fermentation facility, and / or

• a plurality of pre-fermentation installation units are operatively connected and wherein the second fermentation installation comprises an additional plurality of operatively connected fermentation units, and / or

• said fermentation installation units are connected to the fermentation installation unit (s) prior and / or to a first mixing tank to allow the diversion of the first fermented biomass from the previous fermentation facility and / or diversion of biomass from the first mixing tank, and / or

• The fermentation facility is adapted to receive biomass from a receiving tank using the first receiving connectors, the pressure unit is adapted to receive biomass from the receiving tank using second receiving connectors, and the pre-fermentation installation unit It is adapted to receive biomass from the receiving tank / the first mixing tank that uses the third receiving connector, and / or

• the pre-fermentation installation unit (s) is adapted to produce the maximum amount of the first volatile compound even at the expense / with a smaller amount of the production of the second volatile compound during the first fermentation; and the fermentation unit is adapted to produce the maximum amount of the second volatile compound from the biomass material that has been extracted from the first volatile compound during the pretreatment stage in the first fermentation units and / or the pressure unit.

Biomass and Fermentation

An anaerobic fermentation (or first or second fermentation) according to the disclosure can be carried out under thermophilic conditions and / or under mesophilic conditions. Consequently, anaerobic fermentation can be performed by performing anaerobic fermentation under thermophilic conditions or under mesophilic conditions, or by performing anaerobic fermentation under thermophilic conditions followed by anaerobic fermentation under mesophilic conditions, or by performing anaerobic fermentation under mesophilic conditions followed by fermentation. anaerobic performed under thermophilic conditions.

Thermophilic conditions comprise temperatures ranging from 42 ° C to 70 ° C, such as 45 ° C to 60 ° C, preferably 48 ° C to 52 ° C. Mesophilic conditions comprise temperatures from 21 ° C to 42 ° C, such as 21 ° C to 25 ° C, for example, 25 ° C to 30 ° C, such as 30 ° C to 35 ° C, for example 35 ° C to 40 ° C, such as 40 ° C to 42 ° C.

Anaerobic thermophilic fermentation and / or mesophilic anaerobic fermentation is carried out in an embodiment according to the present disclosure for approximately 5 to 15 days, such as 5 to 7 days, for example 7 to 10 days, such as 1012 days, for example 12 15 days

The pH for an anaerobic fermentation of a fermentable biomass material is in an embodiment according to the present disclosure in the range of about 7 to 8.5, preferably between 7.4 and 8.4 and more preferably between 7.8 and 8 .

The biomaterials according to the present disclosure in an embodiment according to the present disclosure comprise one or more carbon sources and one or more nitrogen sources. Carbon sources are typically polysaccharides or polymers comprising polysaccharides. The polysaccharides are hydrolyzed and / or oxidized into smaller constituents, such as, for example, oligosaccharides and / or monosaccharides. Exemplary polysaccharides are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and lignocellulose.

The fermentable biomass materials according to the present disclosure in an embodiment according to the present disclosure contain a maximum of 50% solid parts, such as a maximum of 40% solid parts, for example a maximum of 30% solid parts, such as a maximum of 20% solid parts by weight.

The fermentable biomass materials according to the present disclosure in an embodiment according to the present disclosure have a fiber content of preferably more than 5% (w / w), for example more than 10% (w / w), such as more than 20 % (w / w), and preferably less than 40% (w / w).

The biomass materials according to the disclosure are in an embodiment according to the present disclosure, any biomass material from organic waste and in an embodiment according to the present disclosure selected from biomass materials from organic waste and manure from domestic animals, including pigs, cattle, and domestic bird species.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure,

• The fermentable biomass material is selected from the group consisting of biomass comprising manure and sludge, biomass comprising crop residues, biomass comprising silage crops, biomass comprising animal carcasses and fractions thereof, waste products from slaughterhouses, products of dairy waste, meat and bone meal, and animal grade 2 waste products, including any combination thereof, and / or

• fermentable biomass material comprising one or more complex biomass, and / or

• the fermentable biomass material comprises one or more complex biomass, each of which comprises a biomass material that has a high percentage of organic nitrogen, such as at least 5 kg, 6 kg, 7 kg, 8 kg, 10 kg , 15 kg, 20 kg, 25 kg or 30 kg of organic nitrogen per ton of biomass material, and / or

• complex biomass includes proteins, oily substances and fats, and / or

• complex biomass is selected from the group consisting of organic municipal waste, food waste, fermentable organic industrial waste products, fish waste products, slaughterhouse waste; deep litter or animal manure, especially of cattle, pigs and poultry; animal carcasses and / or their fractions, meat and bone meal, blood plasma and any product from animals, straw, fibers and sawdust, including any combination thereof, and / or

• In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the fermentable biomass material contains a maximum of 50% solid parts, such as a maximum of 40%, 30%, 20% or 10% solid parts, and / or

• the biomass material is in a fluid state and comprises a maximum of 10% solid parts, and / or

• The biomass material is a liquid suspension obtained by adding water and / or water containing a low concentration of organic material, preferably less than 10% of solid parts.

Solid fibrous fraction

In one embodiment of the disclosure, the fermented biomass material (such as the first and / or second fermented biomass material) is divided into solid and liquid parts, thereby generating a fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, and at least a liquid fraction. In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the fibrous solid fraction comprises one or more macromolecular constituents selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The fractionation (or separation) in one embodiment according to the present disclosure is carried out before being diverted to a fungal culture facility.

In one embodiment of the disclosure, the fibrous solid fraction is subject to one or more additional treatments. Additional steps are suitable for generating a final and ready-to-use fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing Basidiomycete cells, and having a reduced content of inorganic nitrogen compounds.

A sanitation treatment reduces or eliminates undesirable viable microorganisms present in the fibrous solid fraction, and / or reduces the content of undesirable volatile nitrogen-containing compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction.

The sanitation treatment in one embodiment according to the present disclosure extracts or removes by evaporation the aqueous ammonia gas from the fibrous solid fraction. It turns out that said separation reduces the amount of volatile compounds containing nitrogen and / or volatile inorganic nitrogen precursor compounds, such as ammonium and ammonium salts, in the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fibrous solid fraction obtained from the degassed biomass material is subjected to a sanitation treatment, in an embodiment according to the present disclosure before the cultivation of Basidiomycete species in said fibrous solid fraction.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, a sanitation treatment comprises evaporating one or more volatile compounds under predetermined evaporation conditions characterized by at least heating the fibrous solid fraction at a temperature of at least 70 ° C under conditions of alkaline pH and at sufficient pressure to evaporate said volatile compounds.

A sanitation treatment according to the disclosure in an embodiment according to the present disclosure comprises a) heating the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen to a temperature of more than 70 ° C, and optionally further comprising b) subjecting the solid fraction fibrous comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen at a pressure of more than 1 bar.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, said fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen is subjected to sufficient heating to evaporate the volatile inorganic nitrogen compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction, thus converting said inorganic nitrogen compounds into volatile compounds. containing nitrogen gas, including ammonia.

The sanitation treatment in an embodiment according to the present disclosure comprises the step of heating the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen at a temperature of 70 ° C to 500 ° C, such as 70 to 80 ° C, for example 80 to 90 ° C, as well as 90 to 100 ° C, for example 100 to 110 ° C, as well as 110 to 120 ° C, for example 120 to 130 ° C, as well as 130 to 140 ° C, for example 140 to 150 ° C, as well as 150 to 160 ° C, for example 160 to 170 ° C, as well as 170 to 180 ° C, for example 180 to 190 ° C, as well as 190 to 200 ° C, for example 200 to 250 ° C, as well as 250 to 300 ° C, for example 300 to 350 ° C, as well as 350 to 400 ° C, for example 400 to 450 ° C, as well as 450 to 500 ° C.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, heating of the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen at a temperature of 70 ° C to 500 ° C results in the formation of an aqueous ammonia gas having a temperature of more than 70 ° C.

Regardless of the steps described above, the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen is in an embodiment according to the present disclosure subjected to a pressure of 1 to 10 bar; as 1 to 2 bar, for example 2 to 3 bar, as 3 to 4 bar, for example 4 to 5 bar, as 5 to 6 bar, for example 6 to 7 bar, as 7 to 8 bar, for example 8 to 9 bar, like 9 to 10 bar.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen is heated and dried, as it is heated and dried in a dryer, such as a drum dryer.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the pH value of the liquid or liquid parts of said fibrous solid fraction is preferably greater than pH = 7.5, for example, above pH 8.0, such as above pH 8.5, at least during said sanitation treatment.

The fibrous solid fraction, after separation of the aqueous ammonia gas, preferably contains a reduced amount of volatile inorganic nitrogen precursor compounds, such as less than 70% of the amount of volatile inorganic nitrogen precursor compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen before the extraction of aqueous ammonia gas from the fibrous solid fraction; as about 20% to 25%, 25 to 30%, 30% to 40%, 40% to 50%, 50% to 55%, 55% to 60%, 60% to 65% or 65 to 70% of the amount of said volatile inorganic nitrogen precursor compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen before extracting the aqueous ammonia gas from the fibrous solid fraction.

The volatile inorganic nitrogen precursor compounds in an embodiment according to the present disclosure comprise ammonium compounds capable of converting to ammonia gas during said sanitation treatment.

The fibrous solid fraction is preferably suitable for culturing basidiomycete cells and capable of retaining a desired water content. The fibrous solid substrate in one embodiment of the disclosure comprises fibrous particles having an average particle size of more than 100 microns (p), such as more than 200 p, for example more than 300 p, such as more than 400 p, for example more than 500 p, such as more than 600 p, for example more than 700 p, such as more than 800 p, for example more than 900 p, such as more than 1000 p.

The fibrous solid substrate in an embodiment according to the present disclosure comprises fibrous particles having an average particle size of 200 to 300 p, such as 300 to 400 p, for example 400 to 500 p, such as 500 to 600 p, for example 600 to 700 p, as well as 700 to 800 p, for example 800 to 900 p, as well as 900 to 1000 p, for example 1000 to 1200 p, as well as 1250 to 1500 p, for example 1500 to 2000 p.

The fibrous solid substrate in one embodiment according to the present disclosure may contain a minimum water content, calculated in bulk, which is at least in the range of about 10% to about 80%, such as 10% to 20%, for example. % to 30%, such as 30% to 40%, for example 40% to 50%, such as 50% to 60%, for example 60% to 70%, such as 70% to 80%,

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the fibrous solid fraction is drained, separated and / or ammonia is extracted.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the disclosure comprises an additional step of draining liquid parts of the fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts and obtaining a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and having a matter Total dry content of more than about 25% (w / w), such as more than 30% (w / w), for example more than 35% (w / w), and a residual liquid fraction.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the fibrous solid fraction is supplemented with one or more solid and / or liquid supplemental nutritional substrate compositions.

To obtain a "spongy" consistency of the fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing Basidiomycete cells, most, and in some cases essentially all, the inorganic solids present in the biomass material are separated from the fibrous solid fraction. The presence of inorganic solids in excessive and undesirable amounts will reduce the water retention capacity of the fibrous solid substrate.

Extraction of the aqueous ammonia gas that results in a reduction in the amount of volatile inorganic nitrogen precursor compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction generates a fibrous solid fraction extracted from ammonia comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen. In one embodiment according to the present description, the fibrous solid fraction contains from about 0.5 kg to about 4.0 kg of inorganic nitrogen (NH4-N) per ton of fibrous solid fraction, such as 0.5 to 1.0 kg. , for example 1.0 to 1.2 kg, such as 1.2 to 1.4 kg, for example 1.4 to 1.5 kg, such as 1.5 to 1.6 kg, for example 1.6 to 1.8 kg, such as 1.8 to 2 kg, for example 2 to 2.5 kg, such as 2.5 to 3 kg, for example 3 to 3.5 kg, such as 3.5 to 4 kg of inorganic nitrogen (NH4-N) per ton of fibrous solid fraction.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the fibrous solid fraction extracted from ammonia comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen contains from about 3 kg to about 30 kg of organic nitrogen per ton of fibrous solid fraction, for example 3 to 5, such as 5 to 10, for example 10 to 11, such as 11 to 12, for example 12 to 13, such as 13 to 14, for example 14 to 15, as 15 to 16, for example 16 to 17, as 17 to 18, for example 18 to 19, such as 19 to 20, for example 20 to 25, such as 25 to 30 kg of organic nitrogen per ton of fibrous solid fraction.

It may be desirable to adjust the pH of the fibrous solid substrate. The pH of the fibrous solid substrate is adjusted in an embodiment according to the present disclosure by the addition of substrate compositions to the fibrous solid fraction to obtain a fibrous solid substrate with liquid parts that have, or are adjusted to have, a pH value of 5.0 to 7.5

Once the nutritional composition of the fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing Basidiomycete cells has been controlled and a final fibrous solid substrate has been manufactured, the fibrous solid substrate can be contacted with one or more species of Basidiomycete cells, or spores, and culturing said Basidiomycete cells, or spores, in said fibrous solid substrate.

By subjecting the biomass material to one or more separation steps that result in the provision of a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and at least one liquid fraction, and by evaporation of said fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, an aqueous gas that further comprises one or more volatile compounds, and which obtains a fibrous solid fraction comprising organic and inorganic parts of nitrogen from which said one or more volatile compounds have been removed by evaporation, the present Disclosure provides a method to control the nutrient composition of a fibrous solid substrate suitable for the cultivation of Basidiomycete cells.

At least one of said one or more nutrients can be extracted as volatile compounds of said fibrous solid fraction by evaporation under predetermined conditions, wherein said one or more nutrients are converted into one or more volatile compounds that are extracted and removed from the substrate composition. final fibrous solid. The nutrient is in an embodiment according to the present disclosure of nutritive compounds containing evaporable or extractable nitrogen and / or sulfur. Such compounds can be extracted as their gas equivalents, such as, for example, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Accordingly, evaporable or extractable inorganic nutritive compounds containing nitrogen and / or sulfur can be considered volatile precursor compounds in this regard.

The evaporation of said one or more volatile compounds in an embodiment according to the present disclosure comprises a heating and drying treatment of the fibrous solid fraction comprising the heating steps of the fibrous solid fraction at a temperature of at least 70 ° C under conditions of alkaline pH, that is, a pH greater than 7, such as greater than 7.5, for example a pH greater than 8.0, and at a pressure sufficient to evaporate said volatile compounds.

Any of the aforementioned treatments, including evaporation, extraction, separation and / or sanitation, will serve to provide A) a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and having i) a higher content (w / w) of organic nitrogen compounds, ii) a reduced content (w / w) of volatile compounds, or a volatile precursor compound, and iii) a reduced content (w / w) of water, and B) an aqueous gas further comprising said one or more volatile compounds, including ammonia.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, volatile nitrogen-containing compounds are selected from the group consisting of gaseous ammonia, ammonia, inorganic nitrogen; an aqueous gas comprising ammonia; an aqueous gas comprising ammonia and volatile compounds containing sulfur.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, volatile nitrogen-containing compounds further comprise volatile sulfur-containing compounds, including hydrogen sulfide.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, a volatile precursor compound is selected from ammonium and ammonium salts.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, a volatile compound containing methane collectively forms a gas comprising methane, such as a gas comprising more than 50% methane, such as more than 60% methane, such as more than 70% of methane, like more than 80% methane, like more than 90% methane, like more than 95% methane, or more than 99% methane, like a biogas.

Additional steps of the method

The methods of the present disclosure in an embodiment according to the present disclosure comprise a pretreatment anaerobic fermentation stage followed by a) a pressure cooking stage and an ammonia extraction stage, steps that are performed before at least one subsequent stage of anaerobic fermentation for the generation of biogas in the fermentation facility, or b) an ammonia extraction stage carried out before at least one subsequent anaerobic fermentation step.

The pre-treatment fermentation stage preferably results in the production of collected ammonia and, therefore, is not diverted to an additional biogas fermenter where biogas production predominantly takes place in the additional fermentation stage.

Preferably, the pre-treatment fermentation stage according to the first aspect of the present disclosure is carried out in combination with an ammonia extraction and / or an ammonia collection stage. By initially removing ammonia at a stage of fermentation prior to treatment, it is possible to increase biogas production at an additional fermentation stage in a second fermentation facility. In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the initial fermentation stage prior to treatment does not imply thermophilic fermentation.

Therefore, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for producing first volatile nitrogen-containing compounds that collectively form gaseous ammonia and second volatile methane-containing compounds that collectively form a biogas through sequential fermentations of a material of biomass comprising solids and / or liquid parts

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the methods of the disclosure further comprise subjecting the biomass material, such as at least partially degassed biomass material, to one or more separation steps that result in the provision of a) a fraction fibrous solid comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen and b) at least one liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts containing organic and inorganic phosphorus.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the methods of the disclosure further comprise separating solid and liquid parts from the at least one liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid phosphorus-containing parts organic and inorganic by fractionation and / or sedimentation, and obtaining a) a fibrous solid fraction, b) a first fraction or solid sediment with phosphorus content suitable for use or added to an agricultural fertilizer containing phosphorus, and c) a first fraction permeate liquid comprising solid and / or liquid parts containing nitrogen and / or phosphorus.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the first phosphorus-containing solid fraction or sediment and the first liquid permeate fraction of the disclosure is obtained by passing the biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts on a first sieve membrane that allows the first solid fraction, which contains phosphorus, or sediment, and the first liquid fraction of permeate that passes through the membrane, while the fibrous solid fraction is retained and, therefore, separated from the first solid fraction, which contains phosphorus, or sediment, and the first liquid fraction of permeate.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the methods of the disclosure comprise the additional step of draining liquid parts of the fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts and obtaining a residual liquid fraction.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the methods of the disclosure comprise the additional step of combining the residual liquid fraction and the first liquid permeate fraction into a combined liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, and subjecting said combined liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts for greater separation of the solid and liquid parts contained therein.

The combined liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts is made in an embodiment according to the present disclosure passed on a second or more sieve membranes having a smaller pore size than the first sieve membrane, and the combined liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts separated into:

a) a second fraction or solid sediment containing phosphorus,

b) a second liquid fraction of permeate, and

c) a concentrated solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the separation comprises diverting the combined liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts on or through the second or more sieve membrane, retaining the solid fraction concentrate comprising solid and liquid parts and separating said concentrate solid fraction of the second solid, fraction containing phosphorus or sediment, and the second fraction of liquid permeate. In an even further step, said first and second solid fractions or sediments containing phosphorus are dried.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the gaseous ammonia generated during the initial anaerobic fermentation is extracted from the partially degassed biomass material by heating the partially degassed biomass material in a designated extractor and sanitation tank at a temperature of at least about 70 ° C at a pressure sufficient to extract said volatile compounds, and collect and / or store the extracted gaseous ammonia, preferably storing the extracted ammonia by converting the ammonia gas into a solid ammonium salt compound by reaction with a suitable acid.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the temperature in the extractor and sanitation tank is from 75 ° C to 95 ° C, such as 78 ° C to 90 ° C, such as 80 ° C to 88 ° C, such as 82 ° C to 85 ° C.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the pH in the extractor and sanitation tank is maintained from 9 to 12, such as 9.5 to 11.8, such as 10 to 11.3, such as 10.5 to 11. In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the pH is controlled by adding lime to the extractor and to the sanitation tank.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, said sanitation treatment that reduces the contents of volatile compounds containing nitrogen and / or volatile precursor compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction, produces and / or evaporates volatile compounds containing nitrogen and / or volatile compounds precursors In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, said volatile compounds containing nitrogen and / or volatile precursor compounds are diverted and / or collected in an extractor and sanitation tank.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, said volatile nitrogen-containing compounds comprise gaseous ammonia whose ammonia gas is converted to a solid ammonium salt compound by reaction with an acid, such as an inorganic or organic acid.

The extracted ammonia gas can be converted into a solid ammonium salt compound by a reaction with an acid.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the solid ammonium salt compound is stored. In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the solid ammonium salt compound is used to enrich a composition, such as an agricultural fertilizer.

According to the disclosure, any extracted ammonia gas is collected and / or converted into a fraction of solid ammonium compound in an embodiment according to the present disclosure comprising one or more inorganic ammonium salt compounds, such as ammonium sulfate, then of a reaction with an acid, such as sulfuric acid, or any other suitable inorganic or organic acid.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the methods according to the disclosure further comprise one or more of the steps of

i) heating the fibrous solid fraction to a temperature of more than 70 ° C, wherein said heating results in the formation of an aqueous ammonia gas having a temperature of more than 70 ° C, and / or

ii) extracting said aqueous ammonia gas having a temperature of more than 70 ° C of the drained fibrous solid fraction, and / or

iii) divert the aqueous ammonia gas having a temperature of more than 70 ° C to the extractor and sanitation tank, and / or

iv) use the aqueous ammonia gas having a temperature of more than 70 ° C to heat the partially degassed biomass material present in the extraction and sanitation tank, and / or

v) optionally heating the partially degassed biomass material present in the extractor and the sanitation tank by one or more additional heating sources.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the sanitation treatment exploits the primary and secondary combustion air sources, including the exhaust air sources, present or generated in the biogas fermentation facility as a result of performing said sanitation, in the that said primary and secondary combustion Air sources are diverted to an extractor and sanitation tank for conversion and / or collection as solids.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the exploitation of primary combustion air sources of the biogas fermentation facility results in the generation of a negative pressure in the biogas fermentation facility space, which the negative pressure prevents or contributes to prevent any undesirable odor from escaping from the biogas fermentation facility, wherein said odorants comprise one or more volatile nitrogen-containing compounds and / or volatile sulfur-containing compounds.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the (first) biomass material suitable for anaerobic fermentation and biogas production is a partially degassed biomass material obtained by performing an initial anaerobic fermentation that results in the production of a fraction Soda that includes ammonia and biogas.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the first biomass material suitable for anaerobic fermentation and biogas production is a partially degassed biomass material obtained, performing an initial anaerobic batch fermentation that results in the production of a gaseous fraction that It includes ammonia and biogas.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the continuous anaerobic biogas fermentation generates a fermented degassed biomass material suitable for use as a substrate to grow one or more fungal species, and the fermented and degassed biomass material obtained from the continuous anaerobic biogas fermentation and the Anaerobic batch fermented biomass material obtained from batch fermentation are combined and used as a substrate for the cultivation of one or more fungal species.

Additional biomass materials according to the disclosure are in an embodiment according to the present disclosure, any biomass material from organic waste and in an embodiment according to the present disclosure selected from biomass materials from organic waste and manure from domestic animals, including pigs, livestock , and species of domestic birds.

Basidiomycete

The cells and / or spores of basidiomycetes, basidiomycetes and basidiomycetes are used interchangeably herein.

Many fungal organisms, including basidiomycetes, produce and secrete extracellular enzymes capable of degrading or digesting the constituents of macromolecular nutrients comprised in the fibrous solid substrate, which include cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and lignocellulose.

Therefore, by sequentially performing, in any order, anaerobic biogas fermentations and basidiomycete culture methods that use a fibrous solid fraction of spent biomass as a substrate for basidiomycete culture, the constituents of macromolecular nutrients present in a Biomass material can be more efficiently used.

Digestion by extracellular basidiomycete enzymes of said macromolecular nutrient constituents results in hydrolysis and / or oxidation of at least part of said macromolecular constituents. In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, said hydrolysis and / or oxidation of at least part said macromolecular components generate a spent fungus substrate capable of being fermented by microbial organisms involved in one or more stages of a biogas fermentation. In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, said microbial organisms involved in said one or more stages of a biogas fermentation metabolize the hydrolysis and / or oxidation products resulting from the hydrolysis and / or oxidation of said macromolecular constituents.

Suitable fungal organisms according to the disclosure comprise organisms that constitute the Basidiomycota edge of the Fungi kingdom, or, in older classification schemes, the Basidiomycetes class of the Plantae kingdom, that is, fungal organisms characterized by carrying the spores in a basidium, including edible mushrooms

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the Basidiomycetes are selected from the group of Basidiomycetes belonging to any of the subclasses of Agaricomycetidae, Exobasidiomycetidae, Tremellomycetidae and Ustilaginomycetidae, wherein said basidiomycete is capable of degrading or digesting nutrient components that include cellulose components , lignin and lignocellulose.

Preferred basidiomycete cells are those that are edible, in an embodiment according to the present disclosure that includes a fungus or fungal cell selected from the genera of Agaricus, Lentinula (Lentinus), Flammulina, Pleurotus; and Lyophyllum. In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the Basidiomycete cell is selected from the species of Lentinula (Lentinus) edodes (shiitake); Edible Agaricus species (for example, Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus campestris, Agaricus subrufescens), Flammulina velutipes (Enokitake), Pleurotus eryngii (Eryngii), Pleurotus ostreatus; and Shimeji (eg, Lyophyllum shimejl, Buna-shimeji, Bunapi-shimeji, Hatake-shimeji, shirotamogidake, velvet pioppino).

The culture of the basidiomycete cell in an embodiment according to the present disclosure takes place at a temperature of 15 ° C to 35 ° C, for example 15 ° C to 17 ° C, such as 17 ° C to 20 ° C, for example 20 ° C to 22 ° C, such as 22 ° C to 25 ° C, for example 25 ° C to 30 ° C, such as 30 ° C to 35 ° C. The culture of the basidiomycete cell in an embodiment according to the present disclosure takes place in a fibrous solid substrate having a moisture content of 50% by mass to 70% by mass, such as a moisture content of approximately 60% in mass.

Conventional fungal culture protocols can be followed as long as the substrate for cultivation is a fibrous solid substrate isolated from a spent biomass material, at least partially degassed, after anaerobic fermentation of biogas.

Macromolecular Nutrient Components

The fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing Basidiomycete cells in a preferred embodiment according to the present disclosure comprises one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and lignocellulose. The fibrous solid substrate in an embodiment according to the present disclosure comprises more than one macromolecular constituent, such as two or three macromolecular constituents selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.

The constituents of macromolecular nutrients are difficult to digest for microbial organisms such as anaerobic bacteria involved in one or more stages of anaerobic fermentation and biogas production.

Lignocellulose in the form of feed biomass material comprises cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as macromolecular constituents and the material containing lignocellulose or lignocellulose is an example according to the present disclosure of a biomass material used for the production of biogas.

The first stages of a biogas fermentation include an initial stage of hydrolysis of macromolecular nutrient constituents in their basic constituents, or in nutrient constituents that can be more easily metabolized and fermented by the microbial organisms involved in one or more stages of a fermentation. anaerobic and biogas production. The metabolism of nutrient constituents is essential for the production of biogas since fermentable and energy-generating microbial activities cannot be performed in the absence of said metabolism.

It is a particular challenge during an anaerobic biogas fermentation that does not occur, or that insufficient hydrolysis of macromolecular nutrient constituents occurs in their basic constituents, or in nutrient constituents that can be more easily metabolized and fermented by the microbial organisms involved in one or more stages of an anaerobic fermentation and biogas production. Accordingly, the fibrous solid substrate according to the present disclosure comprises one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients that are difficult, if not impossible, for many microbial organisms involved in one or more stages of anaerobic fermentation and biogas production to digest.

The general lack of hydrolysis of said macromolecular components, including cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, by methanogenic bacteria and other anaerobic bacteria involved in the production of biogas under anaerobic fermentation conditions, will result in said macromolecular components being present during a Anaerobic fermentation of biogas during one or more stages of anaerobic fermentation of biogas, including selected stages of acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the fibrous solid substrate suitable for culturing fungi such as Basidiomycete cells comprising one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose lignin and lignocellulose are digested at least in part by fungal cell culture, leaving a spent fungal substrate that, optionally supplemented with more biomass, can be used as feed for a new round of anaerobic fermentation and biogas production.

Methods for pretreatment of biomass materials before anaerobic fermentation

The macromolecular constituents cited above can degrade enzymatically as well as by mechanical and / or chemical treatments of biomass materials containing said macromolecular constituents before anaerobic fermentation thereof.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, a biomass material according to the present disclosure is subjected to one or more pretreatment processing steps in any suitable manner or combination before performing anaerobic fermentation in the pretreated biomass material.

Pretreatment is carried out in one embodiment according to the present disclosure before enzymatic hydrolysis and / or oxidation of the biomaterial components that are part of the biomaterial, and in another embodiment according to the present disclosure at the same time that enzymatic hydrolysis and / or oxidation.

Enzymatic hydrolysis and / or oxidation is catalyzed in an embodiment according to the present disclosure catalyzed by endogenous microbial organisms present in the biomaterial to be subjected to anaerobic fermentation. In Another embodiment according to the present disclosure, enzymes are added exogenously, for example, as bulk enzymes produced by a producer of industrial enzymes. In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the microbial organism is Basidiomycetes.

A pretreatment according to the disclosure in an embodiment according to the present disclosure reduces the size of the macromolecular solids and constituents that form the biomass material. Pretreatment increases or complements the hydrolysis rate of biomass materials before or during anaerobic biogas fermentation. A pretreatment according to the disclosure in an embodiment according to the present disclosure promotes the separation and / or release of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin.

Pretreatment processes, such as wet oxidation, steam explosion and alkaline pretreatment steps, will preferably be directed to lignin, while diluted acid and self-hydrolysis will preferably be directed to materials containing hemicellulose.

The pretreatment stage is, in one embodiment, according to the present disclosure, a conventional pretreatment stage using techniques well known in the art. In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the pretreatment takes place in a suspension of material containing lignocellulose and water. The lignocellulose-containing material during pretreatment is in an embodiment according to the present disclosure, it is presented in an amount between 10-80% by weight, such as 10-20% by weight, for example 20-30% by weight, such as 30 -40% by weight, for example 40-50% by weight, such as 50-60% by weight, for example 60-70% by weight, as 70-80% by weight, as about 50% by weight.

The biomass material or lignocellulose containing material according to the disclosure is made in an embodiment according to the present disclosure, chemically, mechanically and / or biologically pretreated before, before and during or during hydrolysis or fermentation. Mechanical pretreatment can be performed alone or in combination with chemical or biological pretreatment processes

The pretreated biomass material preferably has a neutral to basic pH value before anaerobic fermentation / when added to the biogas digester. An acidic biomass can slow down or complicate the biogas conversion process due to the inhibition of methanogenic microorganisms. The pH value of the biomass entering the anaerobic digester is preferably between 7 and 10, such as 7.2 to 10; for example 7.4 to 10, such as 7.6 to 10, for example 7.8 to 10, such as about 8 to 10, for example about pH 8.5. The pH can be adjusted using NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, Ca (OH) 2, CaO lime hydrate, ammonia and / or KOH or the like.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the pretreatment includes subjecting a biomass material to thermochemical treatment in a lime pressure cooker. Pressure cooking pretreatment breaks down the complex macromolecular structures of the biomass material and also contributes and extracts the ammonia from the biomass.

In another embodiment according to the present disclosure, instead of or in addition to a thermochemical pretreatment step, the biomass material can be subjected to a pre-fermentation in the pre-fermenters with N extraction.

P chemical retreat

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, a biomass material according to the present disclosure is subjected to one or more chemical pretreatment steps.

A chemical pretreatment includes treatment with; for example, diluted acid, lime, lime hydrate, alkaline, NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, Ca (OH) 2, organic solvent, cellulose solvent, ammonia, KOH, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment processes with ammonia are described, for example, in WO 2006/110891, WO 2006/11899, WO 2006/11900, WO 2006/110901.

In addition, wet oxidation and pH controlled hydrotermolysis are also considered chemical pretreatment. Wet oxidation techniques involve the use of oxidizing agents, such as: sulphite-based oxidizing agents or the like. Examples of solvent pretreatments include treatment with DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) or the like. Other examples of suitable pretreatment processes are described by Schell et al. (2003) Appl. Biochemistry and biotechnology. Vol. 105-108, p. 69-85, and Mosier et al. Bioresource Technology 96 (2005) 673-686, and U.S. Publication No. 2002/0164730.

Mechanical pretreatment

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, a biomass material according to the present disclosure is subjected to one or more stages of mechanical pretreatment, or homogenization.

The term "mechanical pretreatment" refers to any mechanical (or physical) pretreatment that promotes the separation and / or release of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin from the lignocellulose containing material. For example, mechanical pretreatment includes various types of milling, irradiation, vaporization / vapor explosion and hydrotermolysis.

Mechanical pretreatment includes crushing (mechanical size reduction). Crushing includes dry grinding, wet grinding, grinding and grinding of vibrating balls. Mechanical pretreatment may involve high pressure and / or high temperature (steam explosion). In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, high pressure means pressure in the range of 300 to 600 psi, preferably 400 to 500 psi, such as about 450 psi. In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, high temperature means temperatures in the range of about 100 to 300 ° C., Preferably about 140 to 235 ° C. In a preferred embodiment according to the present disclosure, mechanical pretreatment is carried out as a batch process, in a steam gun hydrolyzer system that uses high pressure and high temperature as defined above. A sound hydrolyzer (available in Sunds Defibrator AB (Sweden)) can be used.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the lignocellulose containing material is subjected to irradiation pretreatment. The term "irradiation pretreatment" refers to any microwave pretreatment, for example, as described by Zhu et al. "Ethanol production from wheat straw pretreated with microwave-assisted alkali" in Process Biochemistry 41 (2006) 869-873 or ultrasonic pretreatment, for example, as described, for example, Li et al. "A kinetic study on the enzymatic hydrolysis of a variety of pulps for improvement with continuous ultrasonic irradiation", in Biochemical Engineering Journal 19 (2004) 155 164.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the lignocellulose containing material is subjected to a chemical and mechanical pretreatment. For example, the pretreatment stage may involve a dilute or mild acid treatment and a high temperature and / or pressure treatment. Chemical and mechanical pretreatments can be carried out sequentially or simultaneously, as desired.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the pretreatment is carried out as a vapor explosion stage of diluted and / or mild acid. In another preferred embodiment according to the present disclosure, the pretreatment is carried out as an explosion of ammonia fiber (or AFEX pretreatment step).

In yet another embodiment according to the present disclosure, a base is added to the lignocellulose containing material or the suspension before or while it is being homogenized; preferably the base is NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, Ca (OH) 2, lime hydrate, ammonia and / or KOH or the like.

Biological pretreatment

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, a biomass material according to the present disclosure is subjected to one or more stages of biological pretreatment. The term "biological pretreatment" refers to any biological pretreatment that promotes the separation and / or release of cellulose, hemicellulose and / or lignin from the lignocellulose containing material.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the biological pretreatment technique involves the application of lignin solubilizing microorganisms.

Enzymatic Pretreatment

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, a biomass material according to the present disclosure is subjected to one or more stages of enzymatic pretreatment. Before the pretreated lignocellulose containing material is fermented, it can preferably be enzymatically hydrolyzed to decompose especially hemicellulose and / or cellulose into fermentable sugars.

According to the disclosure, enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out in several stages. The material containing lignocellulose a Hydrolyzing in one embodiment according to the present disclosure constitutes more than 2.5% by weight of DS (dry solids), preferably more than 5% by weight of DS, preferably more than 10% by weight of ^{D s,} preferably more than 15% by weight of DS, preferably greater than 20% by weight of DS, more preferably greater than 25% by weight of DS of the sludge of step a).

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the lignocellulose-containing material is subjected to the action of one or more enzymatic activities of enzymes selected from the group consisting of an amylolytic enzyme (amylase), a lipolytic enzyme (lipase), a proteolytic enzyme ( protease), a hemicellulase, a pectinolytic enzyme (pectinase), a cellulolytic enzyme (cellulase), an oxidoreductase and an enzyme that degrades the plant cell wall.

In one embodiment according to the present disclosure, the one or more enzymes for enzymatic pretreatment is selected from the group consisting of aminopeptidase, alpha-amylase, amyloglucosidase, arabinofuranosidase, arabinoxylanasa, beta-glucanase, carbohydrase, carboxy peptidase, catalase, cellobiohydrolase, cellula chitinase, cutinase, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, ferulic acid esterase, deoxyribonuclease, endo-cellulase, endoglucanase, endo-xylanase, esterase, galactosidase, beta-galactosidase, glucoamylase, glucose halogenase, halogenase, invertosa, glucosidase oxidase, glucosidase oxidase , lacasa, ligase, lipase, lyase, mannanase, manase, mannosidase, oxidase, pectate lyase, pectin lyase, pectin trans-eliminase, pectin ethylterase, pectin methylesterase, pectinolytic enzyme, peroxidase, protease, phytase, polyphloxidase, polyphloxidase enzyme proteolytic, rhamnogalacturonan liasa, rhamnoglucanase rhamnogalacturonase, ribonuclease, SPS- ase, transferase, transglutaminase, xylanase and xyloglucanase.

Enzymatic activities listed are in one embodiment according to the present disclosure provided by Basidiomycete cells that produce extracellular enzymes having said activates, or in another embodiment according to the present disclosure of other microbial organisms. In yet another embodiment according to the present disclosure, endogenous enzymes are provided, for example, in a bulk enzyme preparation, for example, to a biomass material before anaerobic biogas fermentation.

Hydrolytic enzymes, proteases and oxidases produced by basidiomycetes and other fungal species are referred to, since they are present in the depleted fungus substrate that constitutes an input biomaterial for pre-treated and anaerobic fermentation.

EXAMPLES

Table 1 shows the characteristics for the types of waste products and biomass suitable for the production of fungus substrate and the possible conversion of organic N to N ammonia if used as a single biomass as a biogas feedstock.

Type of waste for substrate and N content of biogas and possible levels of conversion of organic N to N of ammonia

Type of waste for substrate and N contents and possible levels of conversion of organic organic N into ammonia N

Substrate spent 33.0% 7.0 5.6 1.4 3.9 2.4 43% 3.9 70% 2.1 38% Solid manure of

_{egg layers.} 40.0% 18.9 12.3 6.6 8.6 0.0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% (continuation)

Solid manure from

_chickens 48.0% 21.9 15.3 6.6 10.7 0.0 0% 0.0 0% 0, 0% Deep Bed - _cattle 30.0% 9.5 6.6 2.9 4, 6 0.9 14% 2.9 44% 0.6 9% Liquid manure - _cattle 8.5% 5.5 2.2 3.3 1.5 0.5 23% 1.5 70%. 0.2 9% Rejection of fruits and 20.0% 6.0 4.2 _vegetables 1.8 2.9 2.0 48% 2.9 70% 1.7 40% Biomass extracted from

_N 17.5% 2.6 2.0 0.6 1.4 1.4 70% 1.4 70% 1.4 70%

Concentrate extracted

_{of N} 14.9% 3.0 0.6 2.4 0.4 0.4 70% 0.4 70% 0.4 70% Permeate extracted 2.9% _{of N} 1.0 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 70% 0.2 70% 0.2 70% N-water 0.0% 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 70% 0.0 70% 0.0 70%

Table 1

The use of the spent substrate in raw material for biogas is illustrated in Tables 2, 3 and 4.

Example 1: Substrate spent manure from eggs and chickens and livestock biomass extracted from N N-water

Substrate spent 30% 33.0% 7.0 5.6 1.4

Solid manure from

_{egg layers} 5% 40.0% 18.9 12.3 6.6

Solid manure from

21,9 15,3 6,6 ^5% chickens

21.9 15.3 6.6

Deep Bed - 5% _cattle 30.0% 9.5 6.6 2.9

Liquid manure - _cattle 25% 8.5% 5.5 2.2 3.3

Rejection of fruits and

_vegetables 0% 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0

Biomass extracted from N 0% 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0

Concentrate extracted

_{of N} 0% 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0

Permeate extracted from

_N 4% 2.9% 1.0 0.3 0.7

N-water 26% 0.0% 0.1 0.0 0.1

(continuation)

6,1 4,0 2,1Bio mix

6.1 4.0 2.1

Table 2

Example 2: Substrate spent egg manure and cattle biomass extracted from N N-water

Substrate spent 30% 33.0% 7.0 5.6 1.4

Solid manure from

_{egg layers} 10% 40.0% 18.9 12.3 6.6

Solid chicken manure 0% 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0

Deep Bed - 5% cattle 30.0% 9.5 6.6 2.9

Liquid manure - cattle 25% 8.5% 5.5 2.2 3.3

Rejection of fruits and

_vegetables 0% 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0

Biomass extracted from N 0% 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0

Concentrate extracted from 0% 0.0% 0.0 0.0 _N 0.0

Permeate extracted from N 15% 2.9% 1.0 0.3 0.7

N-water 15% 0.0% 0.1 0.0 0.1

Bio Mix 100% 18.0% 6.0 3.8 2.2

(continuation)

Table 3

Example 3: Substrate spent egg manure waste of fruits and vegetables biomass extracted from N water from N

Substrate spent 30% 33.0% 7.0 5.6 1.4

Solid manure from

_{egg layers} 12% 40.0% 18.9 12.3 6.6

Solid manure from

_chickens 0% 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0

Deep bed - _do 0% 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0 _Wins

Liquid manure-cattle 0% 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0

Rejection of fruits and

_vegetables 15% 20.0% 6.0 4.2 1.8

Biomass extracted from N 0% 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0

Concentrate extracted

_{of N} 0% 0.0% 0.0 0.0 0.0

Permeate extracted from N 10% 2.9% 1.0 0.3 0.7

N-water 33% 0.0% 0.1 0.0 0.1

Bio Mix 100% 18.0% 5.4 3.8 1.6

Table 4

In examples 1 and 2, the advantages linked to the present disclosure are clearly visible. Without recycling the permeate extracted from N and the dilution with N-water of the absorption of N, the mixture of the raw material will have a level NH4 + -N inhibitor before entering anaerobic digesters. In the absence of N extraction, organic materials with a high content of N should be mixed with organic materials with a low content of N, that is, organic materials with a high content of N are added in small portions to a mixture of organic materials for fermentation.

Anaerobic fermentation resulting in the production of biogas is followed by one or more processing steps intended for the extraction of N ammonia from the organic material after biogas production by pre-digestion in fermentation, heating and drying facilities.

The data in Table 5 are based on a specific biomass mixture and the interaction between a “mushroom substrate” production unit with the Meso Madre reactor, pre-reactors, dryer, N extractors and N and absorption facilities. a conventional thermo / meso biogas plant with Sep and Sed facilities as a complement.

The thermo / meso biogas plant is supplying fiber from the separation to the “mushroom substrate” production unit and in turn obtains predigested biomass and extracted from N and N concentrate, both preheated, as a new raw material. The main scope is to produce a basic substrate for the production of fungi according to Figure 8 and adjust the moisture content by adding N-water and specific types of supplementary fibers.

Based on the findings in Table 5, the proportion of basic substrate will depend on the desired moisture content and nutrient composition in the final substrate.

Bioenergy and new foods: alternative 1

Table 5

Predicted Ton DM DM% VS ton VS% NH4 Norg ton DM kg / ton kg / ton Basic raw material 33000 6620l 20.1% 5045 76% 4.50 5.93 Mushroom substrate spent 15000 5700 38.0% 3990 70 % 1.20 4.80 Biomass extracted from N 13000 231 S 17.8% 1396 60% 0.60 2.02 Concentrate extracted from N 0 0 0.0% 0 0% 0.00 0.00 Permeate extracted from N 14703 422 2.9% 190 45% 0.71 0.32 N-drying water 7062 35 0.5% 24 68% 2.70 0.03 Total input 82765 15096 18.2% 10645 71% 2.46 3, 61 Degassed 79229 11561 14.6% 7108 61% 4.66 1.69 Degassed for cleaning 34229 4994 14.6% 3071 61% 4.66 1.69 N

Separation fiber 8630 3020 35% 2296 76% 3.54 4.04 Sep concentrate 12585 151C 12.0% 1148 76% 4.80 1.39 P-sed sep 5472 1642 30.0% 410 25% 3, 82 3.47 Permear from Sep 18314 394 2.2% 183 47% 5.34 0.25 Total out of Sep 45000 6566 14.6% 4037 61% 4.66 1.69 Dry fiber 6645 2990 45% 2273 76% 3.00 5.20

5437 2990 55% 2273 76% 2.45 6.36 4600 2990 65% 2273 76% 1.91 7.51 3987 2990 75% 2273 76% 1.36 8.67 3518 2990 85% 2273 76% 0.82 9 , 82 Thermo-meso Ton DM ton DM% VS VS% NH4 + kg / ton Norg ton TS kg / ton Basic raw material 45500 5210 11.5% 4485 86% 2.99 2.41 Sep concentrate 13093 1571 12.0 % 1178 75% 3.53 1.34 Biomass extracted from N 15717 2114 17.8% 1688 60% 0.60 2.02 Concentrate extracted from N 0 0 0.0% 0 0% 0.00 0.00 (continuation)

Conc extracted from N- pre- 10456 1542 14.8% 1151 75% 0.63 1.67 dig

Total revenue 84766 11127 13.1% 8501 76% 2.34 2.08 Degassed 80780 7141 8.8% 4515 63% 3.65 0.98 fiber separation 8162 2857 35% 2142 75% 2.60 3.89 Concentrated Sep 13093 1571 12.0% 1178 75% 3.53 1.33 Sediment-P Sep 7141 1428 20.0% 357 25% 3.21 2.78 Permeate 52384 1285 2.5% 838 65% 3.91 0.20 Total output 80780 7141 8.8% 4515 63% 3.65 0.98 Dry fiber 6317 2843 45% 2132 75% 2.20 5.00

5168 2843 55% 2132 75% 1.80 6.11

2843 65% 2132 75% 1.40 7.22 3790 2843 75% 2132 75% 1.00 8.33 3344 2843 85% 2132 75% 0.60 9.44 Table 6 considers a scenario as an equal minimum part to a situation in which 70% of the dry matter comes from dry thermo / meso fibers predigested or dried. The production size is 18,000 tons of mushroom substrate, 3,000 tons of mushrooms and 15,000 tons of spent substrate, as illustrated in Figure 9.

Table 6

New foods linked to the 15 million bottle number plant

bioenergy

DM INPUT Total% of g pr Value uro cent Total Total NH4 Norg in% DM bottle Euro / kg pr bottle ton million kg / ton kg / ton Euro

Dry fiber 1 45% 35% 309 0.10 30.0 4631 0.45 3.00 5.20 Dry fiber 2 45% 35% 309 0.08 26.0 4631 0.39 2.20 5.00 Lifting of 90% 0% 0 0.22 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 saved

Soybean wastes: <90% 3% 13 0.35 4.6 198 0.07 0.00 0.00 Wheat bran 90% 5% 22 0.19 4.2 331 0.06 0.30 23.00 Oyster shell 90% 0% 0 0.06 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 90% pulp 2% 9 0.32 2.8 132 0.04 0.10 12.00 beet

sugar bowl

Dried sawdust 90% 20% 88 0.08 7.1 1323 0 0.00 0.00 Total 53% 100% 750 0.10 74.7 11246 1.12 2.15 5.02 Dry matter 397

Water 353

N-water added 0% 453 0.00 0.0 6795 0.00 0.10 0.00 (continuation)

Substratum

Total 33% 1203 74.7 18041 1.12 1.38 3.13

Table 7 considers a scenario as the maximum part equal to a situation in which 90% of the dry matter comes from dry thermo / meso fibers predigested or dried.

Table 7

Substrate production - Fungus Number of bottles 15 mine

DM input% of g per cent value of Total Ton of NH4 Norg in total Euro bottle / kg uro total million kg / ton kg / ton% DM euro bottle

Dry fiber 1 85% 45% 210 0.10 20.4 3152 0.31 0.82 9.82 Dry fiber 2 85% 45% 210 0.08 17.7 3152 0.27 0.60 9.44 Survey 90 % 0% 0 0.22 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 bran

Residues of 90% 3% 13 0.35 4.6 198 0.07 0.00 0.00 soybeans

90% bran 5% 22 0.19 4.2 331 0.06 0.30 23.00 wheat

90% shell 0% 0 0.06 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Oyster

90% pulp 2% 9 0.32 2.8 132 0.04 0.10 12.00 beet

sugar bowl

Dried sawdust 90% 0% 0 0.08 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 85% 100% 464 0.11 49.7 6965 0.75 0.66 10.04 Dry matter 397

Water 67

N-water 0% 738 0.00 0.0 11076 0.00 0.10 0.00 added

Total 33 1203 49.7 18041 0.75 0.32 3.87%

Table 8 below contains an illustration of a scenario to be considered as expected participation equal to a situation in which 80% of the dry matter comes from dry predigested fibers with 75% dry matter and dry thermo / meso fibers with 65% dry matter.

Table 8

Substrate production - Fungus Number of bottles 15 mine

DM input in% of g per cent value Total ton of NH4 Norg% total bottle Euro / kg of total uro million kg / ton kg / ton of DM per de

euro bottle

Dry fiber 1 75% 40% 212 0.10 20.6 3175 0.31 1.36 8.67 Dry fiber 2 65% 40% 244 0.08 20.6 3664 0.31 1.40 7.22 Survey 90 % 0% 0 0.22 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 bran

Residues of 90% 3% 13 0.35 4.6 198 0.07 0.00 0.00 soybeans

90% bran 5% 22 0.19 4.2 331 0.06 0.30 23.00 wheat

90% shell 0% 0 0.06 0.0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Oyster

90% pulp 2% 9 0.32 2.8 132 0.04 0.10 12.00 beet

sugar bowl

Dried sawdust 90% 10% 44 0.08 3.5 662 0.05 0.00 0.00 Total 73% 100% 544 0.10 56.3 8162 0.84 1.17 7.74 Dry matter 397

Water 147

N-water added 0% 659 0.00 0.0 9879 0.00 0.10

Total 33 1203 56.3 18041 0.84 0.59

%

Claims (15)

1. A method for culturing fungal cells, said method comprises the steps of to. provide a biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts of a biogas fermenter after anaerobic fermentation and biogas production, b. subjecting the fermented biomass material from stage a) to one or more separation stages that result in the provision of i) a fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen, and having a reduced content (w / w) of water, and comprising one or more constituents of macromolecular nutrients selected from the group consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and lignocellulose, and ii) at least one liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid organic and inorganic parts containing phosphorus, c. subjecting the fibrous solid fraction of step b) to a treatment of sanitation and extraction of N comprising the steps of i) heating the fibrous solid fraction to a temperature of more than 70 ° C, optionally under alkaline pH conditions, and optionally ii) subjecting the fibrous solid fraction comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen to a pressure of more than 1 bar, wherein said treatment i) reduces or eliminates viable microorganisms present in the fibrous solid fraction, and ii) reduces the content of volatile nitrogen-containing compounds and / or volatile precursor compounds present in the fibrous solid fraction, and d. obtaining a fibrous solid substrate comprising parts of organic and inorganic nitrogen that have a reduced content of volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, and. providing fungal cells and / or spores, F. contact the fungal cells and / or spores with the fibrous solid substrate, g. culturing the fungal cells and / or spores in said substrate, and h. optionally obtain a spent fungus substrate. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein one or more solid and / or liquid supplementary nutrient substrate compositions are added to said fibrous solid fraction of step d). 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the nutrient composition and / or moisture content of the fibrous solid substrate is controlled by converting said one or more supplementary nutrient substrate compositions into one or more volatile compounds and evaporating said one or more volatile compounds of said fibrous solid fraction. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said fibrous solid fraction of step c) is heated to a temperature of 70 ° C to 500 ° C. 5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising heating and drying said fibrous solid fraction. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cells and / or fungal spores are selected from the group consisting of Basidiomycetes, Agaricomycetidae, Exobasidiomycetidae, Tremellomycetidae, Ustilaginomycetidae, Agaricus, Lentinula (Lentinus Lentinntin, Flammulin Lentinin, Flammulin Lentinin, Flammulin Lentinin, Flammulin Lentinin, Flammulin Lentinin, Flammulin Lentinin, Flammulin Lentinin, Flammulin Lentinin (Flammulin Lentinin) e) Edible Agaricus species such as Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus campestris, Agaricus subrufescens; Flammulina velutipes (Enokitake), Pleurotus eryngii (Eryngii), Pleurotus ostreatus; Shimeji such as Lyophyllum shimeji, Buna-shimeji, Bunapi-shimeji, Hatake-shimeji, shirotamogidake, velvet pioppino; and a fungus capable of digesting cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and lignocellulose. 7. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts of a biogas fermenter is selected from the group consisting of 1) a biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts containing nitrogen and phosphorus, 2) to substrate biomass material of spent fungal species and 3) a degassed fermented biomass material. 8. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said method further comprises the steps of to. cycling, more than once, spent fungal substrate biomass material from a fungal culture and reusing said substrate biomass material in an anaerobic biogas fermentation that takes place in an anaerobic biogas fermenter, said fermentation results in the production of biogas and a degassed, fermented biomass material for recycling, and / or b. cycling, more than once, a fibrous solid fraction of a degassed fermented biomass material of said anaerobic biogas fermenter to a fungal culture facility, and reusing said degassed fibrous solid fraction of said anaerobic biogas fermenter to cultivate said cells and / or fungal spores, said fungal culture results in the supply of fungal cells and / or spores and a spent fungal substrate biomass material suitable for use as a feed biomass material in an anaerobic biogas fermentation, and c. fractionating the degassed fermented biomass material by subjecting the degassed fermented biomass material to one or more separation stages, thus obtaining a) a fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, and organic and inorganic parts of nitrogen, and b) at least one liquid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts, wherein the anaerobic biogas fermenter is optionally complemented by the addition of additional anaerobically fermentable organic waste biomass material. 9. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said method comprises the additional steps of to. subjecting the biomass material to one or more separation steps and obtaining a fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts containing organic and inorganic nitrogen, and at least one liquid fraction comprising organic and inorganic solid and liquid parts containing phosphorus, b. separating solid and liquid parts from the at least one liquid fraction by fractionation and / or sedimentation, and c. obtaining a) a fibrous solid fraction comprising solid and liquid parts comprising organic and inorganic nitrogen parts, b) a first solid fraction or sediment, containing phosphorus, suitable for use as an agricultural fertilizer containing phosphorus, and c) a first liquid fraction of permeate composed of solid and / or liquid parts containing nitrogen and / or phosphorus. 10. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said method further comprises the steps of - before providing a biomass material after anaerobic fermentation and biogas production according to step a) of claim 1 - to. perform a first anaerobic fermentation of a first fermentable biomass material, as in one or more prior fermentation facilities or in the first fermentation installation unit (s), thus obtaining a first fermented biomass material, and producing and collecting the first volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, b. partially separate at least the first fermented biomass material from the first volatile nitrogen-containing compounds and obtain a first separate fermented biomass having a reduced content of the first volatile nitrogen-containing compounds, and / or a reduced carbon and nitrogen content that contain precursor compounds capable of becoming first volatile compounds containing carbon and nitrogen during fermentation, c. divert the first separated and fermented biomass to a second fermentation facility to produce the second volatile compounds containing methane, and d. Perform a second anaerobic fermentation of the first separate fermented biomass, in the second fermentation facility, thus obtaining a second fermented biomass material, and producing and collecting at least the second volatile compounds containing methane. 11. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said volatile nitrogen-containing compounds are selected from the group consisting of gaseous ammonia, ammonia, inorganic nitrogen; an aqueous gas comprising ammonia; an aqueous gas comprising ammonia and compounds volatile containing sulfur; and wherein said volatile precursor compounds are selected from ammonium and ammonium salts. 12. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said volatile compounds containing nitrogen and / or volatile precursor compounds are diverted and / or collected in an extractor and sanitation tank. 13. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said sanitation treatment exploits primary and secondary combustion air sources, including exhaust air sources, present or generated in the biogas fermentation facility as a result of performing said sanitation, in which said primary and secondary combustion air sources are diverted to a separator and a sanitation tank for conversion and / or collection as solids; and where the exploitation of primary sources of combustion air from the biogas fermentation facility results in the generation of a negative pressure in the biogas fermentation facility space, whose negative pressure prevents or contributes to prevent any undesirable odor escape from the biogas fermentation facility, wherein said odorants comprise one or more volatile nitrogen-containing compounds and / or volatile sulfur-containing compounds. 14. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said anaerobic fermentation is to. conducted under thermophilic conditions and / or under mesophilic conditions, b. made from 5 to 15 days. 15. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein to. said method comprises one or more initial steps of fermentation of a biomass material suitable for anaerobic fermentation and biogas production, thus providing a biomass material comprising solid and liquid parts of a biogas fermenter after anaerobic fermentation and production. of biogas, and / or b. The biomass material is subjected to one or more pretreatments before and / or during anaerobic fermentation of said biomass material, such as one or more of a chemical, mechanical and biological pretreatment, in which said pretreatment reduces the size of the solids and the macromolecular components that make up the biomass material.