ES2685044A1 - Procedure for managing greenhouse plant remains without chemical agents and plant to carry it out (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Procedure for managing greenhouse plant remains without chemical agents and plant to carry it out, for its transformation into pelletized feed, comprising: feed conveyor belts (2), manipulated (3) and output (4); cutting module (5) to destroy the material; separator (6) cyclonic to classify the vegetable part; magnetized tapes (7) to remove metal debris; rotary oven (8) where the material is subjected to drying stage; a mill (9), located behind the furnace (8), there being another manipulated conveyor belt (3) between them, to crush the already dry material; a trommel (10) of rotating drums for dosing the bulk material once crushed; and a pelletizer (11) that forms pellets with said crushed material, to which is attached a vibrating screen (12) leading to a bagging machine (13). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

PROCEDURE FOR MANAGEMENT OF VEGETABLE REMAINS OF GREENHOUSE WITHOUT CHEMICAL AGENTS AND PLANT TO CARRY OUT

D E S C R I P C I Ó N

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention, as stated in the present specification, refers to a procedure for the management of greenhouse plant residues without chemical agents and plant to carry it out, which represent a remarkable novelty.

More specifically, the object of the invention focuses on a process for managing plant residues from the greenhouse, without the intervention of chemical agents, for its transformation into pelletized feed with structural and nutritional characteristics suitable for its intake by ruminants. In addition, a second aspect of the invention refers to the management plant for carrying out said procedure.

FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

The field of application of the present invention falls within the sector of the industry dedicated to waste management and its use, focusing particularly on the field of agricultural plant remains.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Greenhouse vegetable waste is a type of fignocellulosic biomass that can be suitable for use in different thermochemical processes of heat and electricity generation. However, these thermal processes develop at elevated temperature and involve irreversible chemical relationships and heat transfer phenomena.

The formulas of commercial innovation in the fruit and vegetable sector, specifically the Almeria, have not allowed to reverse the real relations of exchange between agricultural inputs and the final product. Only the increase in productivity has been able to compensate for the increase in prices, in many cases hedonic prices, of the agricultural inputs of intensive agriculture under plastic.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

Technology has influenced two ways in increasing profitability. It has contributed to improve production conditions, and improve marketing conditions:

• Advance of the collection date.

• Adaptation of products to the demands and needs of consumers (size, quality, safety, taste ...)

The process of incorporation of technology and application of novel agronomic techniques, which identifies the Almeria fruit and vegetable production model, is circumscribed more clearly to a process of technical adaptation than to a process of technological innovation. We are talking about an agronomic model based on a dynamic trial and error innovation, framed in a market horizon that has been incorporating parallel information on fallible technical incorporations and low travel, and applications that incorporated value.

The technologies introduced and the applied techniques of agronomic management have been happening according to the model and its needs. Among the main technical applications, sanding, plastic covers (padding and greenhouses), drip irrigation systems, the use of hybrid seeds, improvements in the greenhouse structure, soilless crops and hydroponic crops, should be highlighted. farm climate control ...

This small introduction leads us to the initiative after several years of studies and tests for the reuse and use of part of the amount of greenhouse plant waste.

The large concentration of greenhouses in the Mediterranean area has allowed a great economic and social development as we indicated earlier. This has also led to the generation of a large amount of waste, organic and inorganic. Almería (Spain) has an area of greenhouses of approximately 26,000 ha, being the largest concentration of greenhouses in the world, with a production of almost 3 million tons. In addition to this commercial production, the production of organic waste in fresh weight annually reaches a value of 1.9 million tons.

An effort has been made in recent years, both by private companies and

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

public bodies, to reduce, reuse or reuse different types of waste. The organic fraction is the one that is mostly present in the waste generated and therefore where the actions are mainly focused. Thus systems have been developed for the production of compost, biogas etc ...

In the Spanish Mediterranean area there are about 38,000 ha of greenhouses, of which 27,000 ha are located in Almería, which generate a large volume of plant waste. The handling and treatment of such waste is complex due to heterogeneity, since they include the polyethylene threads used as tutors, high dispersion and generation of waste throughout the year. The reuse of greenhouse plant waste as a source of heat and feed material would not only eliminate the environmental problem, but also create jobs both direct and indirect.

The treatment of greenhouse vegetable waste in the province of Almeria is a problem due to its quantity and heterogeneity. In addition, its withdrawal and treatment is an important expense for the farmer. The reuse of waste as a source of heat would eliminate the environmental problem and raise the nighttime temperature of the greenhouse in cold periods, which is usually below the optimum.

The objective of the present invention is, therefore, to develop a method and technology to separate in the same production line the contaminating and aggressive elements of the greenhouse plant residues for any type of subsequent process such as raffia, metal clips etc. and make feed pellets suitable for ruminants.

On the other hand, and as a reference to the current state of the art, it should be noted that, at least on the part of the applicant, the existence of no other procedure for the management of plant debris or plant to carry it out that presents technical characteristics is unknown, Structural and constitutive same or similar to those presented here that is recommended and as claimed.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

The procedure for the management of greenhouse plant residues without chemical agents and plant to carry it out that the invention proposes is thus configured as a remarkable novelty within its field of application, since, according to its

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

implementation and in a restrictive manner, the aforementioned objectives are satisfactorily achieved, the characterizing details making it possible conveniently included in the final claims that accompany the present description.

Specifically, what the invention proposes, as noted above, is a procedure and a plant for the management of plant debris from the greenhouse, without the intervention of chemical agents that allow its transformation into pelletized feed with adequate structural and nutritional characteristics for its intake by ruminants.

The nutritional values made in by-products obtained comparable to the current food products included in the diet of this category of animals. Therefore, said process and said plant represent an advantageous way to reuse tons of raw material that now poses a problem for farmers, particularly in the Almeriense area of the Levant, making said material a product of great added value for the animal feed industry .

To do this, and specifically, said procedure and the plant to carry it out include the following:

For the procedure, the following stages are contemplated:

- shredded material by blades;

- sorting and manual separation of the non-vegetal parts mixed with the material, such as raffia and other elements, as well as the removal by magnets of any metallic waste that may contain once classified;

- drying of the material in a rotary kiln;

- milling of the material once dried;

- screening in thromel to dose bulk material

- transformation of the chopped and treated material into pellets, according to customer requests, by pelletizing machine.

And, to carry out said procedure, the plant, which is configured as a line for crushing the greenhouse plant remains, essentially comprises the following

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

elements:

- A set of conveyor belts for feeding, handling and leaving the plant remains;

- a cutting module that destroys the material;

- a separating tunnel and magnetized tapes to remove metallic waste that the material may contain;

- a rotary kiln, for drying the material;

- a mill, for crushing the already dried material;

- a rotating drum drum for bulk material dosing;

- and a pelletizer that forms pellets on request, normally with a diameter of 6-12 mm, with a density of 1.1-1.3 t / m3 and a moisture content of <8%; and a general size (L x W x H) of 3720x2080x2080 mm.

The described procedure for the management of greenhouse plant residues without chemical agents and the plant to carry it out represent, therefore, innovations of structural and constitutive characteristics unknown until now, reasons that together with their practical utility, provide them with sufficient grounds to obtain the exclusivity privilege requested.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, the present specification is attached, as an integral part thereof, of some sheets of plans, in which for illustrative purposes and not limiting the following has been represented:

Figure number 1. - It shows a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the plant to carry out the procedure for the management of greenhouse plant remains object of the invention, showing the main parts and elements it comprises, as well as its arrangement, with the exception of the feeding belt, cutting module and separation tunnel, which have not been represented.

And figure number 2. It shows a perspective view of another example of the plant, according to the invention, showing the configuration and arrangement of its main elements, in this

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

case, particularly focused to show the initial elements of the plant not shown in the previous figure, that is, feeding belt, cutting module and separation tunnel, which have not been represented.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the aforementioned figures, and according to the numbering adopted, an example of the plant for carrying out the process of the invention can be observed, which comprises the parts and elements that are indicated and described in detail. then.

Thus, as observed in said figures, the plant (1) in question, essentially comprises: a set of conveyor belts for feeding (2), manipulated (3) and output (4) of the plant remains; a cutting module (5) with blades to destroy the material from the feed conveyor belt (2); a separating tunnel (6) or cyclone separator that rotates the material to separate the plant part from other elements, which are discarded through the exit tapes (4) located before the handling tapes (3) where it has just been classify the plant part; magnetized tapes (7) located next to the handling tapes (3), to remove the metallic waste that the classified material may contain; a rotary kiln (8) located next to the magnetized tapes (7), where the material is subjected to the drying stage; a mill (9), located behind the furnace (8) existing between both other handling conveyor belt (3), to crush the already dried material; a tromel (10) of rotating drums for dosing the bulk material once crushed; and a pelletizer (11) that forms pellets with said crushed material.

It should be clarified that the initial elements of the plant (1), that is, the feeding belt (2), cutting module (5) and separating tunnel (6) have only been represented in Figure 2, while the final elements , that is to say, the second manipulation belt (3) mill (9), and thromel (10) are not seen in Figure 2, although its inclusion in the plant is contemplated, both figures being mere representative schemes of such elements already They are known and may vary in configuration.

It should be noted that, preferably, all conveyor belts (2, 3, 4, 7) have three-phase electric motors in different powers for feeding, handling and output

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

of the remains and are configured for use as fixed or mobile installations, being equipped with a rear wheel cart.

The frame of the conveyor belts, also preferably, is four rectangular structural tubes, welded both longitudinally and transversely, forming a trellis frame. And the intermediate segments are built in modules of lengths from 2m to 6m, which allows adaptation to any required length.

The roller supports of the conveyor belts, in all or some of them, are located in the "V" shaped frame, which allows, in a simple manner, the correct centering and alignment of the belt.

The drive and tail drums are cage type in a convex shape with "T" profiles. The fixing of both drums is carried out by means of bearings with bearings.

For its part, the bandwidths of the conveyor belts are preferably standard widths of 400, 500, 600, 800 and 1200 mm., Being equipped with a smooth or ribbed belt, according to the needs, and with a transport capacity maximum of approximately 100 t / h, depending on the densities.

On the other hand, the rotary kiln (8) is preferably made of 8 and 16 mm carbon steel sheet, with thermal and acoustic insulation of rock wool, lined by galvanized sheet, with internal turners to facilitate drying of the material to be treated

The rotary kiln system (8) comprises two adjustable raceways, two double groups of tempered steel rollers and four shafts with large diameter bearings with grease nipples.

The traction system of the furnace (8) is made up of a toothed crown, chain, pinion and gearmotor with tensioner, with electronic variator of the rotation speed.

The drying of the material in the oven (8) is controlled by means of a temperature controller by electronic PID thermostat and by electronic regulation of the rpm of rotation of the drum.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

In addition, as a loading system for the material to be dried, the oven has a metal hopper with a rotary watertight valve, and as a discharge system for the dry material it has another metal hopper with the material's output through a sealed motorized rotary valve.

The furnace (8) also has a high efficiency cyclone suction system equipped with a rotary valve for separation and recovery of fines and a centrifugal extractor for hot, high pressure air, as well as with sealed seals on both ends of the drum. the unions with the hoppers.

The furnace (8) also has a heat generating group, consisting of a supporting structure of metal profiles with double thermal insulation for 1,200 ° C and a biomass burner with a hopper for receiving the solid fuel to be used, with access door with sight glass of flame and is equipped with a spark arresting system, consisting of a decanter labyrinth from the heat generating group with access door, for cleaning the ashes.

For its part, the mill (9) that crushes the material fed by the input hopper, has two shafts with blades at low revolutions in opposite operation. The heavy duty blades are welded and have many hours of service. The material can fulfill different granulometry desires using post breakers. An L-shaped exit belt (4), with enough distance to the blades, carries out the transport of the discarded material without problems.

As for the trommel (10), it is made up of rotating drums that dose bulk materials. Its size is determined by the amount of raw material. The material is dosed at the entrance by means of a sealed rotary valve, passing inside the drum, where it is transported and turned continuously to facilitate drying.

Finally, it should be noted that, preferably, after the pelletizer (11) the line (1) contemplates the incorporation of a vibrating screen (12) that drives the pellets to a bagger (13) and a bag-type dust collector.

Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to extend its explanation so that any person skilled in the art understands its scope and the advantages that derive from it,

stating that, within its essentiality, it may be implemented in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which it will also achieve the protection that is sought as long as it is not altered, changed or Modify your fundamental principle.

5

Claims (12)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S 1. - PROCEDURE FOR MANAGEMENT OF VEGETABLE REMAINS OF GREENHOUSE WITHOUT CHEMICAL AGENTS, in particular for its transformation into pelletized feed with structural and nutritional characteristics suitable for its intake by ruminants, characterized by comprising stages of: - shredded material by blades; - sorting and manual separation of non-plant parts mixed with the material, such as raffia and other elements, and removal by means of metal waste magnets that it may contain once classified; - drying of the material in a rotary kiln; - milling of the material once dried; - screening in thromel to dose bulk material - pellet formation with chopped material and treated by pelletizing machine. 2. - PLANT for carrying out a method as described in claim 1, characterized by comprising conveyor belts for feeding (2), manipulated (3) and output (4) of the remains; a cutting module (5) with blades to destroy the material from the feed conveyor belt (2); a separating tunnel (6) or cyclonic separator that rotates the material to separate the plant part from other elements, located before the handling tapes (3) where the plant part has just been classified; magnetized tapes (7) located next to the handling tapes (3), to remove the metallic waste that the classified material may contain; a rotary kiln (8) located next to the magnetized tapes (7), where the material is subjected to the drying stage; a mill (9), located behind the furnace (8) existing between both other handling conveyor belt (3), to crush the already dried material; a tromel (10) of rotating drums for dosing the bulk material once crushed; and a pelletizer (11) that forms pellets with said crushed material. 3. - PLANT, according to claim 2, characterized in that all conveyor belts (2, 3, 4, 7) have electric motors and are configured for use as fixed or mobile installations, being equipped with a rear wheel carriage. 4. - PLANT, according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the roller supports of 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 The conveyor belts, in all or some of them, are located in the "V" shaped frame. 5. - PLANT, according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the belt widths of the conveyor belts are standard 400, 500, 600, 800 and 1200 mm., Being equipped with a smooth or ribbed belt, and a maximum transport capacity of 100 t / h. 6. - PLANT, according to any of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the rotary kiln (8) is made of 8 and 16 mm carbon steel sheet, with external thermal and acoustic insulation of rock wool, lined by galvanized sheet , with internal turners to facilitate the drying of the material to be treated. 7. - PLANT, according to any of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the rotary kiln system (8) comprises two adjustable raceways, two double groups of hardened steel rollers and four axles with bearings. 8. - PLANT, according to any of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that, for the control of the drying of the material, the oven (8) has a temperature controller by electronic thermostat type PID and electronic regulation of the rpm of rotation of the drum . 9. - PLANT, according to any of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that, as a loading system for the material to be dried, the oven has a metal hopper with a rotary sealed valve, and as a discharge system for the dry material it has another hopper metal with material outlet by motorized rotary valve waterproof. 10. - PLANT, according to any of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the furnace (8) has a heat generating group, constituted by a supporting structure of metal profiles with double thermal insulation for 1,200 ° C and biomass burner with Hopper for receiving solid fuel to be used, with access door with peephole and is equipped with a spark arresting system, consisting of a decanter labyrinth from the heat generating group with access door, for cleaning the ashes. 11. - PLANT, according to any of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the mill (9) has two shafts with blades at low revolutions in operation contrary. 12. PLANT, according to any of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that after the pelletizer (11) the incorporation of a vibrating sieve (12) that conducts the 5 pellets to a bagger (13) and a dust collector type is contemplated bag.