ES2543808T3 - Sistema nutricional y métodos para aumentar la longevidad - Google Patents
Sistema nutricional y métodos para aumentar la longevidad Download PDFInfo
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- ES2543808T3 ES2543808T3 ES07722780.9T ES07722780T ES2543808T3 ES 2543808 T3 ES2543808 T3 ES 2543808T3 ES 07722780 T ES07722780 T ES 07722780T ES 2543808 T3 ES2543808 T3 ES 2543808T3
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Abstract
Una formulación dietética que comprende cinco categorías de ingredientes que mejoran la longevidad por simulación de menos uno de los efectos promotores de la longevidad por restricción calórica, en la que las categorías son: (a) antioxidantes; (b) agentes anti-glicación; (c) reductores de peso corporal o la grasa corporal; (d) promotores de alta sensibilidad a la insulina o baja insulina o glucosa en la sangre; y (e) agentes anti-inflamatorios.
Description
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La Figura 17 muestra un resumen de las influencias de la dieta sobre los cambios relacionados con el envejecimiento en la expresión del gen CD59a. Los ratones machos de edad media (C57B1/6, 15 ratones por grupo) fueron alimentados con 24 gramos / control semanal (201 LE) o dietas de prueba (Dieta A = cóctel I, dieta B = cócteles I + II, la dieta C = cócteles I + III, y la dieta D = cóctel I + II + III) o 18 gramos / semana de restricción calórica (RC), la dieta (901 LF). Después de 11 meses de la alimentación, los perfiles de expresión génica de tejido adiposo blanco de los ratones jóvenes, ratones viejos, los ratones bajo RC y los ratones alimentados con cuatro dietas de prueba se analizaron con el chip de ADN de ratón 430A de Affymetrix. Un total de 643 genes cambiaron significativamente con la edad en P <0,01. El envejecimiento inducido por aumento de la expresión del gene CD59a fue retardado por la RC y todas las dietas de prueba.
DESRCIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LAS REALIZACIONES ILUSTRATIVAS
La invención se ha descrito de manera que sea posible para un especialista en la materia escribir una especificación clara y concisa de la misma, pero además se pretende y se apreciará que las diferentes realizaciones de la invención se pueden combinar o separar de diferente manera sin alejarse de la invención.
Los términos "ingrediente funcional," agente funcional "o" componente funcional "como se usan indistintamente en este documento se refieren a sustancias que se sabe que tienen una función o actividad funcional en una o más de las siguientes categorías: (1) reducir el estrés oxidativo o daño; (2 ) agente anti-glicación; (3) la reducción de peso corporal, especialmente la grasa corporal; (4) estimular la sensibilidad a la insulina o la reducción de la glucosa en sangre o de insulina en la sangre; y (5) agente antiinflamatorio.
La "cantidad efectiva" se refiere a la cantidad de un compuesto, material o composición, tal como se describe en el presente documento que es eficaz para lograr un resultado biológico particular. Tales resultados incluyen, pero no se limitan a la mejora de factores comprometidos con edad, el aumento de la longevidad, la reducción de la incidencia y / o el retraso de la aparición de enfermedades relacionadas con la edad, lo que reduce el deterioro funcional, y la mejora de los efectos la bioquímicos, moleculares, celulares, fisiológicos, y fenotípicos de envejecimiento. Dicha actividad eficaz puede conseguirse, por ejemplo, mediante la administración de las composiciones de la presente invención a un individuo.
Un "sujeto" o "individuo" se refiere a un animal de cualquier especie. En diversas realizaciones, el animal es un mamífero, y puede ser un ser humano.
Como se usa en el presente documento, un "suplemento dietético" es un producto que está destinado a ser ingerido, además de la dieta normal de un animal. El animal es un mamífero, y puede ser un ser humano
Como se usa aquí, un "producto alimenticio formulado para el consumo humano" es cualquier composición destinada a la ingestión por un ser humano.
Tal como se utiliza aquí, el término "alimentos para mascotas" o "composición de alimentos para mascotas" se refiere a una composición que se destina para la ingestión por un animal, y preferiblemente por animales de compañía. Un "alimento completo y nutricionalmente equilibrado mascota," es aquel que contiene todos los nutrientes necesarios conocidos, en las cantidades y proporciones adecuadas basadas en las recomendaciones de autoridades reconocidas en el campo de la nutrición animal de compañía, por lo que es capaz de servir como una única fuente de ingesta alimentaria para mantener la vida o promover la producción, sin la adición de fuentes nutricionales suplementarias. Las composiciones de alimentos para mascotas nutricionalmente equilibradas son ampliamente conocidas y ampliamente utilizadas de acuerdo al estado de la técnica.
Los términos "restricción de calorías" o "restricción calórica" se usan indistintamente en el presente documento, y se refieren a cualquier régimen o dieta bajo en calorías y sin desnutrición. En general, la limitación se corresponde con las calorías totales derivadas de los hidratos de carbono, grasas y proteínas. La limitación normalmente, aunque sin limitar, es de aproximadamente 25 % a aproximadamente 40 % de la ingesta calórica en relación con el consumo ad libitum.
La "longevidad" se refiere generalmente a la duración de la vida más allá de la esperanza de vida media de una especie en particular. La "longevidad mejorada" o el "aumento de la longevidad" se refieren a cualquier extensión significativa de la duración de la vida de un animal en particular más allá de la esperanza media de vida para la especie a la que pertenece el animal.
"Joven" se refiere generalmente a un individuo en la edad adulta joven, es decir, madurado más allá de la pubertad o la adolescencia, como sería definido por especies de acuerdo con parámetros conocidos. "Envejecido" o "viejo", como se usa aquí, se refiere a un individuo que cae física y cronológicamente dentro del último 30% de su esperanza de vida media.
Los inventores han determinado que un número de las características fisiológicas, bioquímicas y / o de la expresión genética asociadas con la RC pueden ser simuladas mediante la administración de una formulación que contiene
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Claims (8)
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imagen1 imagen2 imagen3 imagen4 imagen5 imagen6 5101520253035404550- 1
- 201 LA (Dieta A) 15 Cóctel I
- 2
- 201 LB (Dieta B) 15 Cócteles I y II
- 3
- 201 LC (Dieta C) 15 Cócteles I y III
- 4
- 201 LD (Dieta D) 15 Cócteles I, II y III
- 5
- 201 LE (Dieta E) 15 No cóctel (control negativo)
- 6
- 201 LF (Dieta F) 15 Restricción calórica (RC) (Control positivo)
A la finalización del protocolo de alimentación de once meses, todos los animales que sobrevivieron fueron sacrificados. Se realizaron evaluaciones de las características fenotípicas, parámetros bioquímicos y los perfiles de expresión génica de músculo, tejido adiposo, y linfocitos, como se describe en los ejemplos a continuación. El músculo fue seleccionado a modo de ejemplo, ya que es un tejido post-mitótico en el que las células no se renovarán. Como tal este tejido debe reflejar los daños y los cambios asociados en la expresión de genes relacionados con el envejecimiento. Los linfocitos fueron seleccionados como una fuente alternativa de la muestra debido a la accesibilidad de este tejido sin el uso de procedimientos invasivos como la biopsia. El tejido adiposo se examinó debido al efecto pronunciado de algunos de los tratamientos, a saber, las dietas que contienen Cóctel II, sobre el contenido de la almohadilla de grasa de los ratones.Ejemplo 2Los pesos corporales de los animales se midieron semanalmente durante el protocolo de once meses. Los resultados se muestran en la Figura 1. Como se puede apreciar, los más pesos altos del cuerpo en general se mantuvieron para el grupo de control (dieta E), con el mantenimiento del peso corporal similar por la dieta A (Cóctel I) y la dieta C (Cóctel I y III). Se observó una caída inicial pronunciada en el peso corporal en los animales Dieta F (CR); Sin embargo, al final del protocolo, pesos reducidos de manera similar se observó en los animales alimentados con dietas B (cóctel I y II), D (cóctel I, II y III) y F (RC).La Figura 2 muestra los cambios en el cuerpo peso, peso de la canal vacía y almohadilla de grasa de peso de los animales de más de once meses del protocolo de alimentación. Los mayores cambios se observaron en los animales alimentados con dietas B (cóctel I y II), D (cóctel I, II y III) y F (RC). La mayoría de los cambios observados se debieron a la disminución en el peso de la almohadilla de grasa (Figura 2, panel inferior).Las tasas de supervivencia de los animales en el protocolo se muestran en la Tabla 2-1 a continuación.Tabla 2-1- Dieta A (Cóctel I)
- Dieta B (Cóctel I y II) Dieta C (Cóctel I y III) Dieta D (Cócteles I, II y III) Dieta F (RC) Dieta E (no tratamiento)
- # ratón al comienzo
- 15 15 15 15 15 15
- # ratón a los 11 meses
- 10 11 9 9 12 7
- Tasa supervivencia
- 66,7 % 73,3 % 60,0 % 60,0 % 80,0 % 46,7 %
Resumen: En este protocolo de alimentación, las mezclas de nutrientes que contenían el cóctel II dieron como resultado un peso corporal y grasa corporal significativamente menor en comparación con los ratones control y todos los otros tratamientos, incluyendo la RC. La masa corporal magra fue similar a la de los ratones tratados con la RC.La RC dio como resultado la tasa de supervivencia más alta (80%), seguido por la dieta B (cócteles I + II, 73%). Los ratones control tenían la tasa de supervivencia más baja (46%). Debido al pequeño tamaño de la muestra, no se determinó si la RC o cócteles I + II tuvieron un impacto estadísticamente significativo en la longevidad.Ejemplo 3Debido a que la peroxidación lipídica es un indicador del estrés oxidativo en células y tejidos, se evaluaron los efectos de la RC y las diversas dietas en la peroxidación de lípidos en el músculo. Los niveles de ácido graso de subproductos de peroxidación de malondialdehído (MDA) y 4-hydoxyalkenals (4-HDA) se determinaron en el músculo de ratones que consumieron dietas de cóctel A-D, así como en los jóvenes (5 meses de edad) y los ratones de edad (26 meses de edad) alimentados con la dieta control AIN-93M y ratones en la dieta de la RC (dieta F). Como se muestra en la Figura 3, los ratones alimentados con la dieta cóctel C (Cóctel I + III) se encontraron que exhibían altos niveles de peroxidación lipídica. Los niveles de peroxidación lipídica en estos ratones se aproximaban estrechamente los niveles observados en los ratones de edad alimentados con la dieta control AIN-93M. Por el contrario, los animales alimentados con dietas A (cóctel I), B (cóctel I + II, p <0,05) y D (cóctel I + II + III, p <0.05) demostraron niveles más bajos de la peroxidación lipídica en relación con los ratones viejos. De hecho, los niveles de peroxidación de lípidos en ratones que consumieron las dietas A, B, y D se aproximan más estrechamente los niveles de peroxidación observados en ratones jóvenes. Es de destacar que los ratones alimentados con las dietas14imagen7 imagen8 Los efectos de la RC y los cócteles dietéticos también se evaluaron para los genes de respuesta a los estreses específicos en el músculo. Tabla 4-4 muestra los efectos preventivos de la RC y los cócteles de la dieta sobre el aumento inducido por el envejecimiento en las proteínas de choque térmico. Tabla 4-5 muestra los efectos5 preventivos de la RC y los cócteles de la dieta sobre el aumento inducido por el envejecimiento en los genes inducibles por daños de ADN. La Tabla 4-6 muestra los efectos preventivos de la RC y los cócteles de la dieta sobre el aumento en los genes inducibles por estrés oxidativo inducido por el envejecimiento. Tabla 4-7 muestra los efectos preventivos de la RC y los cócteles de la dieta sobre el aumento en los genes relacionados con el estrés en general inducido por el envejecimiento.10Tabla 4-4. Efectos preventivos (%) de la RC y las dietas de cóctel en el aumento de HSP inducido por elenvejecimiento.- Dieta A (I)
- Dieta B (I+II) Dieta C (I+III) Dieta D (I+II+III) Dieta F (RC)
- Proteína de choque térmico 4 (HSP70)
- 24 36 57 31 45
- Proteína de choque térmico 1, beta (Hsp84 o Hsp84-1, o Hsp90)
- 37 54 31 14 41
- Proteína de choque térmico 2 (choque térmico proteína 27 kDa)
- 59 34 40 31 56
Tabla 4-5. Efectos preventivos de CR i dietas de cócteles al aumento de los daños genéticos inducidos al ADN provocados por el envejecimiento.- Dieta A (I)
- Dieta B (I+II) Dieta C (I+III) Dieta D (I+II+III) Dieta F (RC)
- Homólogo PRP19/PSO4 (DSB reparación ADN)
- 38 75 69 78 8
- Proteínas 1 de unión a daños específicos del ADN (Ddbp1)
- 15 8 -6 -16 42
- Proteínas 2 de unión a daños específicos del ADN (Ddbp2) (reparación genómica global/reparación de errores / supresor de tumores
- 76 54 12 96 46
- Factor nuclear I/C (replicación del AND)
- 149 69 -146 5 96
Tabla 4-6. Efectos preventivos (%) de la RC y las dietas de cóctel sobre el envejecimiento inducido por aumento de genes inducibles por estrés oxidativo.Tabla 4-6.- Dieta A (I)
- Dieta B (I+II) Dieta C (I+III) Dieta D (I+II+III) Dieta F (RC)
- Glutatión peroxidasa 4 (PHGPx)
- 34 36 25 61 53
- Peroxirredoxina 1 (tiorredoxina peroxidasa 2)
- 59 44 30 21 52
- Proteína interacción tiorredoxina
- 95 82 82 58 123
- Glutatión reductasa 1 (Gsr)
- 47 25 46 33 54
- Xantina deshidrogenasa
- 61 41 75 79 72
- Proteínas quinasas activadas por mitógenos (Map2k7)
- 47 94 70 51 36
Tabla 4-7. Efectos preventivos (%) de la RC y dietas de cóctel en aumento en los genes relacionados con el estrés inducido por el envejecimiento.Tabla 4-7.- Dieta A (I)
- Dieta B (I+II) Dieta C (I+III) Dieta D (I+II+III) Dieta F (RC)
- Proteína de unión al ARN fría inducible (supresión inducible por frío de la proliferación celular)
- 50 77 13 60 99
- Factor 11b de la biogénesis peroxisomal (organización del peroxisoma y biogénesis)
- 66 64 61 38 92
- Alfa - repetición pequeña de tetratricopeptido rico en glutamina (co-chaperona que se une al HSC70 y HSP70 y regula la actividad de ATPasa)
- 78 33 -50 -25 99
17imagen9 imagen10 imagen11 imagen12 51015202530354045REIVINDICACIONES1. Una formulación dietética que comprende cinco categorías de ingredientes que mejoran la longevidad por simulación de menos uno de los efectos promotores de la longevidad por restricción calórica, en la que las categorías son:- (a)
- antioxidantes;
- (b)
- agentes anti-glicación;
- (c)
- reductores de peso corporal o la grasa corporal;
- (d)
- promotores de alta sensibilidad a la insulina o baja insulina o glucosa en la sangre; y
- (e)
- agentes anti-inflamatorios.
-
- 2.
- Formulación de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, donde los antioxidantes son solubles en agua; opcionalmente los antioxidantes solubles en agua incluyen uno o más de entre de vitamina C, polifenoles, proantocianidinas, antocianinas, bioflavonoides, una fuente de selenio, ácido alfa-lipoico, glutatión, catequina, epicatequina, epigalocatequina, galato de epigalocatequina, galato de epicatequina o cisteína; opcionalmente donde la fuente de selenio es al menos una de entre de selenito de sodio, selenito de sodio o L-selenometionina.
-
- 3.
- Formulación de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, donde los antioxidantes son solubles en grasa incluyen uno o más de entre vitamina E, tocoferol gamma, alfa-caroteno, beta-caroteno, luteína, zeaxantina, retinol, astaxantina, criptoxantina, carotenoides mixtos naturales, el licopeno o resveratrol.
-
- 4.
- Formulación de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, conteniendo antioxidantes son solubles en agua y antioxidantes solubles en grasa, donde opcionalmente los antioxidantes incluyen vitamina E, la vitamina C, los carotenoides naturales, una fuente de selenio, y el licopeno.
-
- 5.
- Formulación de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, donde los agentes anti-glicación incluyen uno o más dentro del grupo de la carnosina o aminoguanidina.
-
- 6.
- Formulación de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, donde los reductores del peso corporal y los reductores de la grasa corporal, incluye uno o más dentro del grupo del ácido linoleico conjugado, L-carnitina, L-acetilcarnitina, piruvato, ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, ácidos grasos de cadena media, los triglicéridos de cadena media, o isoflavonas de soya y sus metabolitos.
-
- 7.
- Formulación de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, donde los promotores de alta sensibilidad a la insulina o baja insulina en sangre y glucosa en sangre incluyen uno o más dentro del grupo que comprende una fuente de cromo, canela, extracto de canela, los polifenoles de la canela y el hamamelis, extracto del fruto del café, el ácido clorogénico, ácido cafeico, una fuente de zinc, o el extracto de semilla de uva.
-
- 8.
- Formulación de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1,donde los agentes antiinflamatorios incluyen uno o más de una fuente de ácidos grasos omega-3 o de una fuente de curcumina; opcionalmente donde (a) la fuente de ácidos grasos omega-3 es al menos uno dentro del grupo que comprende ácido α-linolénico, ácido eicosapentaenoico, ácido docosapentaenoico, ácido docosahexaenoico, semilla de lino, aceite de lino, las nueces, el aceite de canola, germen de trigo, o aceite de pescado: o (b) donde la fuente de la curcumina es (l,7-bis-(4-hidroxi-3 metoxifenil)-hepta-l,6dieno-3,5-diona; 1-(4-hidroxifenil)-7-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil) hepta-l,6-dieno-3,5-diona; l,7-bis-(4-hidroxifenil)-hepta1,6-dieno-3,5-diona), demetoxicurcumina o bisdemetoxicurcumina.
22
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CA2637329A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
EP1978984A2 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
JP5680828B2 (ja) | 2015-03-04 |
RU2449554C2 (ru) | 2012-05-10 |
JP2009536148A (ja) | 2009-10-08 |
CN101378771A (zh) | 2009-03-04 |
BRPI0707358A2 (pt) | 2011-05-03 |
AU2007211625A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
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