ES2337748A1 - System of generation and storage, on board, of hydrogen and oxygen coming from the energy of regenerative braking of vehicles. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
System of generation and storage, on board, of hydrogen and oxygen coming from the energy of regenerative braking of vehicles. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2337748A1 ES2337748A1 ES200700130A ES200700130A ES2337748A1 ES 2337748 A1 ES2337748 A1 ES 2337748A1 ES 200700130 A ES200700130 A ES 200700130A ES 200700130 A ES200700130 A ES 200700130A ES 2337748 A1 ES2337748 A1 ES 2337748A1
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- hydrogen
- energy
- oxygen
- regenerative braking
- integral system
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
-
- B60L11/1881—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
- B61C7/00—Other locomotives or motor railcars characterised by the type of motive power plant used; Locomotives or motor railcars with two or more different kinds or types of motive power
- B61C7/04—Locomotives or motor railcars with two or more different kinds or types of engines, e.g. steam and IC engines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Sistema de generación y almacenamiento, a bordo, de hidrógeno y oxígeno procedentes de la energía de frenado regenerativo de vehículos.Generation and storage system, on board, of hydrogen and oxygen from braking energy Vehicle regenerative.
Se presenta a evaluación un sistema integral para vehículos y sistemas de transporte de personas y mercancías, de tracción eléctrica, para transformar energía cinética en eléctrica, mediante lazo energético, que incluye frenado regenerativo, generación y almacenamiento de hidrógeno, pila de combustible y motor de combustión interna alimentado con hidrógeno, en su caso.An integral system is presented for evaluation for vehicles and transport systems of people and goods, of electric traction, to transform kinetic energy into electric, by energy loop, which includes regenerative braking, generation and storage of hydrogen, fuel cell and internal combustion engine powered by hydrogen, in its case.
Este sistema integral electromecánico permite transformar la energía mecánica del vehículo en energía eléctrica, para generar y almacenar hidrógeno y oxígeno, a bordo, utilizables en distintas aplicaciones.This integral electromechanical system allows transform the mechanical energy of the vehicle into electrical energy, to generate and store hydrogen and oxygen, on board, usable in different applications.
En la figura 1 se representa el diagrama general de funcionamiento del sistema integral propuesto. La energía procedente del sistema de accionamiento (1), realizado mediante motor de combustión interna o mediante catenaria, actúa sobre el correspondiente generador de energía eléctrica, activando el sistema de tracción eléctrica (2) y originando el movimiento del vehículo en cuestión.The general diagram is shown in figure 1 of operation of the proposed integral system. Energy from the drive system (1), made by internal combustion engine or by means of catenary, acts on the corresponding electric power generator, activating the system electric traction (2) and causing the movement of the vehicle in question.
Cuando se produce un frenado, el sistema de transferencia de energía (3), transforma la energía cinética en energía eléctrica, a través de un módulo recuperador electrocinético. Este módulo proporciona la energía eléctrica necesaria para alimentar al electrolizador, generando hidrógeno y oxígeno, los cuales son posteriormente almacenados (4), quedando disponibles para diversas aplicaciones (5).When braking occurs, the system energy transfer (3), transform kinetic energy into electric power, through a recovery module electrokinetic This module provides the electric power necessary to feed the electrolyzer, generating hydrogen and oxygen, which are subsequently stored (4), leaving available for various applications (5).
Este sistema innovador que se presenta, permite generar energía eléctrica cuando el vehículo se encuentra estacionado y puede inyectarla en la red eléctrica.This innovative system that is presented, allows generate electricity when the vehicle is parked and you can inject it into the power grid.
La presente invención está ubicada en el contexto de la tracción eléctrica, concretamente en vehículos y sistemas de transporte de personas y de mercancías, como camiones, trenes, metros, autobuses, tranvías, y utilizando el concepto de frenado regenerativo, para alimentar un electrolizador, generando hidrógeno y oxígeno.The present invention is located in the context of electric traction, specifically in vehicles and transport systems for people and goods, such as trucks, trains, subways, buses, trams, and using the concept of regenerative braking, to power an electrolyser, generating hydrogen and oxygen
Los sistemas convencionales de frenado disipan la energía en forma de calor, la devuelven a la red para su utilización por otros sistemas electromecánicos y otros, la almacenan en supercondensadores para reforzar a la pila de combustible. En el mercado existen algunas versiones como, por ejemplo, el camión Dumper minero T 282 B, de la firma Liebherr, que incorpora un motor diesel principal para accionar un alternador, con objeto de alimentar dos motores de inducción, uno por cada rueda tractora, pero el sistema de frenado es regenerativo disipativo. El calor se disipa en unas resistencias y se precisa energía eléctrica adicional para activar ventiladores que evacuen al exterior el calor producido.Conventional braking systems dissipate energy in the form of heat, return it to the network for use by other electromechanical systems and others, store it in supercapacitors to reinforce the fuel cell. In the market there are some versions such as, for example, the mining Dumper truck T 282 B, of Liebherr, which incorporates a main diesel engine to drive an alternator, in order to power two induction motors, one for each tractor wheel, But the braking system is regenerative dissipative . The heat dissipates in some resistors and additional electrical energy is required to activate fans that evacuate the heat produced outside.
En el mercado también existe el modelo experimental de automóvil Honda FCX Concept, cuya comercialización se realizó en agosto de 2.008. En este automóvil, el accionamiento se realiza mediante un motor síncrono de imanes permanentes, de 100 kW, alimentado por una pila de combustible de 100 kW. En este automóvil, la energía procedente del frenado regenerativo se almacena en supercondensadores, los cuales suministran la energía eléctrica almacenada en los instantes de aceleración, climatización y servicios auxiliares, cuando el automóvil se encuentra estacionado.The model also exists in the market experimental car Honda FCX Concept, whose commercialization It was held in August 2008. In this car, the drive It is done by a permanent magnet synchronous motor, 100 kW, powered by a 100 kW fuel cell. In this automobile, the energy from regenerative braking is stores in supercapacitors, which supply the energy electric stored in the moments of acceleration, air conditioning and auxiliary services, when the car is parked
El sistema integral, objeto de solicitud de patente, está caracterizado porque la energía eléctrica procedente del frenado regenerativo se almacena en forma de hidrógeno y oxígeno, para su posterior utilización a bordo del vehículo o fuera de él, con objeto de generar energía eléctrica, energía térmica y agua. El hidrógeno se puede utilizar en pilas de combustible y/o en motores de combustión interna y el oxígeno en aplicaciones medicinales e industriales.The integral system, object of request of patent, is characterized in that the electrical energy coming of the regenerative braking is stored in the form of hydrogen and oxygen, for later use on board the vehicle or outside of it, in order to generate electrical energy, thermal energy and Water. Hydrogen can be used in fuel cells and / or in internal combustion engines and oxygen in applications Medicinal and industrial.
La explicación de la invención se realiza en base a los esquemas, indicados por las figuras 2 y 3, que dan lugar a dos supuestos de funcionamiento. En la figura 2 se representa, de forma general, el diagrama de bloques correspondiente al sistema propuesto, cuando el motor principal del vehículo es de combustión interna y en la figura 3, cuando la energía eléctrica inicial procede de la catenaria.The explanation of the invention is carried out in based on the schemes, indicated by figures 2 and 3, which give rise to to two cases of operation. Figure 2 shows, of general form, the block diagram corresponding to the system proposed, when the main engine of the vehicle is combustion internal and in figure 3, when the initial electrical energy It comes from the catenary.
El funcionamiento del sistema integral de generación y almacenamiento de hidrógeno y oxígeno, procedentes de la energía eléctrica del frenado regenerativo de las máquinas síncronas y máquinas de inducción, de tracción eléctrica, instalado a bordo de un vehículo, en virtud de la figura 2, es el siguiente:The operation of the integral system of generation and storage of hydrogen and oxygen, coming from The electrical energy of the regenerative braking of the machines Synchronous and induction machines, electric traction, installed aboard a vehicle, under figure 2, is the next:
Se parte del sistema generador de energía mecánica que, en este caso, es el motor principal de combustión interna (34). Este motor, mediante un acoplamiento mecánico (35), acciona el alternador trifásico (36). La tensión generada en el alternador (36) es rectificada mediante el puente rectificador totalmente controlado (7), cuya tensión de salida, V_{cc1}, se modifica mediante el sistema de control (6). La tensión V_{cc1} se aplica a la batería de supercondensadores (8) y a través del chopper (15), al electrolizador (17). La salida de la batería de supercondensadores (8) se conecta al bloque de conexión del bus de corriente continua (9). La salida del bloque del bus de corriente continua (9) se conecta a los inversores (10) y (11), los cuales, en función de las señales de control y monitorización del bloque (12), generan sistemas trifásicos independientes de tensiones y frecuencias variables, que se aplican a dos máquinas eléctricas, que pueden ser síncronas o de inducción (13) y (14), estando los ejes de las mismas unidos a los ejes de las ruedas motrices (39) y (40). Estas máquinas síncronas o de inducción (13) y (14) pueden funcionar como motor/generador.Be part of the power generating system mechanical which, in this case, is the main combustion engine internal (34). This engine, through a mechanical coupling (35), actuates the three-phase alternator (36). The tension generated in the alternator (36) is rectified by the bridge rectifier fully controlled (7), whose output voltage, V_ {cc1}, is Modify using the control system (6). The voltage V_ {cc1} it is applied to the supercapacitor battery (8) and through the chopper (15), to the electrolyser (17). The battery outlet of supercapacitors (8) connects to the bus connection block of direct current (9). The output of the current bus block continuous (9) connects to the inverters (10) and (11), which, in function of the control and monitoring signals of the block (12), generate three-phase independent voltage systems and variable frequencies, which apply to two electric machines, which they can be synchronous or induction (13) and (14), the axes of they are attached to the axles of the driving wheels (39) and (40). These synchronous or induction machines (13) and (14) can work As engine / generator.
La descripción desarrollada hasta ahora es la que corresponde al funcionamiento del sistema cuando realiza una acción motriz, puesto que las máquinas síncronas/de inducción (13) y (14) funcionan en este estado como motores síncronos/de inducción, cuyas características mecánicas son controladas por el sistema de control y monitorización (12).The description developed so far is the which corresponds to the operation of the system when you perform a motor action, since the synchronous / induction machines (13) and (14) work in this state as synchronous / induction motors, whose mechanical characteristics are controlled by the system of control and monitoring (12).
En el proceso de frenado regenerativo, las máquinas síncronas o de inducción (13) y (14) funcionan como generadores síncronos o de inducción, produciendo una tensión alterna trifásica que se inyectará a los inversores (10) y (11). Estos inversores, trabajando en modo inverso, suministran una corriente continua, cuya tensión e intensidad vienen determinadas por las señales del sistema de control y monitorización del bloque (12). Esta energía eléctrica, obtenida del proceso de frenado regenerativo a través de los bloques (10), (11), (12), (13) y (14), se aplica a la batería de supercondensadores (8), mediante el bloque de conexión del bus de corriente continua (9).In the regenerative braking process, the synchronous or induction machines (13) and (14) function as synchronous or induction generators, producing a voltage three-phase alternate to be injected to the inverters (10) and (11). These inverters, working in reverse mode, provide a direct current, whose voltage and intensity are determined by the signals of the block control and monitoring system (12). This electrical energy, obtained from the braking process regenerative through blocks (10), (11), (12), (13) and (14), it is applied to the supercapacitor battery (8), by means of the block connection of the direct current bus (9).
El chopper (15), proporciona una tensión y corriente de salida V_{occ} e I_{occ}, respectivamente, cuyas magnitudes vienen predeterminadas por el sistema de control del chopper (16). La energía eléctrica transmitida por el chopper (15), que procede del frenado regenerativo, se aplica al electrolizador (17), produciendo hidrógeno y oxígeno. El hidrógeno generado, es comprimido mediante un compresor (18) que es activado por un motor eléctrico alimentado desde el bus de corriente continua mediante el inversor correspondiente, y se almacena en el depósito de hidrógeno (19) a alta presión. El hidrógeno almacenado en este módulo (19) tiene la posibilidad de alimentar a una pila de combustible (20) y/o a un motor auxiliar de combustión interna (37). El oxígeno generado en el electrolizador (17) se almacena en el depósito de oxígeno (33).The chopper (15), provides a tension and output current V_ {occ} and I_ {occ}, respectively, whose quantities are predetermined by the control system of the chopper (16). The electrical energy transmitted by the chopper (15), which comes from regenerative braking, is applied to the electrolyser (17), producing hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen generated is compressed by a compressor (18) that is activated by a motor electric powered from the DC bus via the corresponding inverter, and is stored in the hydrogen tank (19) at high pressure. Hydrogen stored in this module (19) has the possibility of feeding a fuel cell (20) and / or to an auxiliary internal combustion engine (37). Oxygen generated in the electrolyzer (17) it is stored in the oxygen tank (33).
La tensión suministrada por la pila de combustible (20) se estabiliza mediante el bloque convertidor cc/cc (21), cuya corriente y tensión de salida vienen determinadas por su sistema de control correspondiente (22). La corriente eléctrica procedente del convertidor cc/cc (21) se aplica al bloque conmutador (23) el cual, mediante la señal del sistema de control (24), permite direccionar esta energía, bien hacia el bloque del bus de corriente continua (9) o bien hacia el inversor cc/ca (25), para su posterior inyección a la red eléctrica (38). El bloque (25) se controla por el sistema de control (26), para que la energía generada sea filtrada por el bloque (27), para inyectarla a la red de baja tensión (38).The voltage supplied by the battery fuel (20) is stabilized by the cc / cc converter block (21), whose output current and voltage are determined by its corresponding control system (22). Electric current from the dc / dc converter (21) is applied to the switching block (23) which, by means of the control system signal (24), allows direct this energy, either towards the current bus block continuous (9) or towards the DC / AC inverter (25), for later injection into the power grid (38). The block (25) is controlled by the control system (26), so that the generated energy is filtered by the block (27), to inject it into the low voltage network (38).
Las tensiones del bus de cc, obtenidas a partir de la batería de supercondensadores (8), de los inversores (10) y (11) y del convertidor cc/cc (17), así como de la pila de combustible (20), direccionada por el conmutador (23), se conectan mediante el bloque de conexión (9).The DC bus voltages, obtained from of the supercapacitor battery (8), of the inverters (10) and (11) and the cc / cc converter (17), as well as the battery fuel (20), addressed by the switch (23), are connected via the connection block (9).
Por otra parte, la energía mecánica procedente del motor auxiliar de combustión interna (37) se acopla mecánicamente al motor principal de combustión interna (34) mediante el módulo de acoplamiento mecánico (35). En este sentido se hace constar que la potencia mecánica suministrada por el motor principal del bloque (34) se complementa con la potencia mecánica del bloque (37).Moreover, the mechanical energy coming of the internal combustion auxiliary engine (37) is coupled mechanically to the main internal combustion engine (34) by the mechanical coupling module (35). In this sense it is done record that the mechanical power supplied by the main engine of the block (34) is complemented by the mechanical power of the block (37).
En la figura 3 se muestra la otra opción de funcionamiento del sistema integral de generación y almacenamiento de hidrógeno y oxígeno, con la energía procedente del frenado regenerativo de las máquinas síncronas y máquinas de inducción, de tracción eléctrica, instalado a bordo de un vehículo, para su posterior utilización en pilas de combustible. A diferencia del supuesto anterior, en este caso el sistema integral utiliza como energía eléctrica inicial, la energía eléctrica procedente de la catenaria, que se transmite al vehículo mediante el pantógrafo. El funcionamiento de este sistema, indicado en la figura 3, es el que se indica a continuación:Figure 3 shows the other option of operation of the integral generation and storage system of hydrogen and oxygen, with the energy coming from braking Regenerative of synchronous machines and induction machines, of electric traction, installed on board a vehicle, for subsequent use in fuel cells. Unlike previous assumption, in this case the integral system uses as initial electrical energy, the electrical energy coming from the catenary, which is transmitted to the vehicle using the pantograph. He operation of this system, indicated in figure 3, is the one that It is indicated below:
Se parte de la energía eléctrica suministrada por la catenaria (29), mediante el módulo de protección y adaptación de la catenaria (28), cuyas señales se modifican con el módulo de control (30). La tensión procedente del módulo de protección y adaptación de la catenaria (28) se rectifica mediante el puente totalmente controlado (7), cuya tensión de salida se modifica mediante el sistema de control (6) y se aplica a la batería de supercondensadores (8). La salida de la batería de supercondensadores (8) se conecta al bloque de conexión del bus de corriente continua (9) y su salida se conecta a los inversores (10) y (11), los cuales, en función de las señales de control y monitorización del bloque (12), generan dos sistemas trifásicos independientes de tensiones y frecuencias variables, que se aplican a dos máquinas eléctricas, que pueden ser síncronas o de inducción (13) y (14), estando los ejes de las mismas unidos a los ejes de las ruedas motrices (39) y (40).Be part of the electricity supplied by the catenary (29), through the protection and adaptation module of the catenary (28), whose signals are modified with the module control (30). The voltage from the protection module and adaptation of the catenary (28) is rectified by the bridge fully controlled (7), whose output voltage is modified using the control system (6) and applied to the battery of supercapacitors (8). The battery outlet of supercapacitors (8) connects to the bus connection block of direct current (9) and its output is connected to the inverters (10) and (11), which, depending on the control signals and block monitoring (12), generate two three-phase systems independent of variable voltages and frequencies, which apply to two electric machines, which can be synchronous or induction (13) and (14), the axes thereof being attached to the axes of the driving wheels (39) and (40).
La descripción desarrollada hasta ahora es la que corresponde al funcionamiento del sistema integral cuando está realizando una acción motriz, puesto que las máquinas síncronas/de inducción (13) y (14) funcionan en este estado como motores síncronos/de inducción, cuyas características mecánicas son controladas por el bloque de control y monitorización (12).The description developed so far is the which corresponds to the operation of the integral system when it is performing a motor action, since the synchronous / induction (13) and (14) work in this state as motors synchronous / induction, whose mechanical characteristics are controlled by the control and monitoring block (12).
En el proceso de frenado regenerativo, las máquinas síncronas o de inducción (13) y (14) funcionan como generadores síncrono o de inducción, produciendo una tensión alterna trifásica que se inyectará a los inversores (10) y (11). Estos inversores, trabajando en modo inverso, suministran una corriente continua cuya tensión e intensidad vienen determinadas por las señales de control y monitorización del bloque (12). Esta energía eléctrica obtenida del frenado regenerativo a través de los bloques (10), (11), (12), (13) y (14), se aplica a la batería de supercondensadores (8), mediante el bloque de conexión del bus de cc (9). La tensión de salida de batería de supercondensadores (8) se aplica al chopper (15), el cual proporciona una tensión y corriente de salida que vienen predeterminadas por el sistema de control del bloque (16). La energía eléctrica transmitida por el chopper (15), que procede del frenado regenerativo, se aplica al electrolizador (17), obteniéndose hidrógeno y oxígeno.In the regenerative braking process, the synchronous or induction machines (13) and (14) function as synchronous or induction generators, producing an alternating voltage three-phase to be injected to investors (10) and (11). These inverters, working in reverse mode, supply a current whose voltage and intensity are determined by the control signals and block monitoring (12). This energy electrical obtained from regenerative braking through the blocks (10), (11), (12), (13) and (14), is applied to the battery of supercapacitors (8), via the DC bus connection block (9). The battery output voltage of supercapacitors (8) is applies to the chopper (15), which provides a voltage and current output that are predetermined by the control system of the block (16). The electrical energy transmitted by the chopper (15), which comes from regenerative braking, is applied to the electrolyser (17), obtaining hydrogen and oxygen.
El hidrógeno generado por el electrolizador (17), se comprime mediante un compresor (18) que es activado por un motor eléctrico alimentado desde el bus de cc mediante el inversor correspondiente, y se almacena en el depósito de hidrógeno (19) a alta presión. El hidrógeno almacenado en este módulo alimenta a la pila de combustible (20). El oxígeno generado en el electrolizador (17) se almacena en el depósito de oxígeno (33).The hydrogen generated by the electrolyzer (17), is compressed by a compressor (18) that is activated by a electric motor powered from the DC bus through the inverter corresponding, and stored in the hydrogen tank (19) a high pressure. The hydrogen stored in this module feeds the fuel cell (20). The oxygen generated in the electrolyzer (17) is stored in the oxygen tank (33).
La tensión suministrada por la pila de combustible (20) se estabiliza mediante el bloque convertidor cc/cc (21), cuya corriente y tensión de salida vienen determinadas por su sistema de control correspondiente (22). La corriente eléctrica procedente del convertidor cc/cc (21) se aplica al bloque conmutador (23) el cual, mediante la señal de control del bloque (24), permite direccionar esta energía, bien hacia el bloque del bus de corriente continua (9) o bien hacia el inversor cc/ca (25), que será controlado por el sistema de control (26), para que la energía generada sea filtrada por el bloque (27). La salida del filtro (27) se conecta al módulo se conecta al módulo de protección y adaptación de la catenaria (28), controlado por el sistemaza de control (30). La salida del módulo de protección y adaptación de la catenaria (28) se inyecta a la catenaria (29).The voltage supplied by the battery fuel (20) is stabilized by the cc / cc converter block (21), whose output current and voltage are determined by its corresponding control system (22). Electric current from the dc / dc converter (21) is applied to the switching block (23) which, by means of the block control signal (24), allows direct this energy, either towards the current bus block continuous (9) or towards the DC / AC inverter (25), which will be controlled by the control system (26), so that the energy generated be filtered by the block (27). The filter outlet (27) connects to the module connects to the protection and adaptation module of the catenary (28), controlled by the control system (30). The output of the protection and adaptation module of the catenary (28) the catenary is injected (29).
Las tensiones del bus de cc, obtenidas a partir de la batería de supercondensadores (8), de los inversores (10) y (11) y del convertidor cc/cc (17), así como de la pila de combustible (20), direccionada por el conmutador (23), se conectan mediante el bloque de conexión (9).The DC bus voltages, obtained from of the supercapacitor battery (8), of the inverters (10) and (11) and the cc / cc converter (17), as well as the battery fuel (20), addressed by the switch (23), are connected via the connection block (9).
Por último, en el contexto de funcionamiento de la pila de combustible (20), el agua obtenida de la reacción electroquímica de la misma, una vez condensada, se puede reutilizar para alimentar el electrolizador (17), a través del sistema de acondicionamiento de agua (31), minimizando, en este caso, la reposición de agua en el electrolizador (17). El depósito para el agua de reposición se muestra en el bloque (32).Finally, in the context of the operation of the fuel cell (20), the water obtained from the reaction electrochemical of the same, once condensed, can be reused to feed the electrolyzer (17), through the system of water conditioning (31), minimizing, in this case, the water replenishment in the electrolyzer (17). The deposit for the Replacement water is shown in block (32).
En cuanto al calor liberado en la reacción exotérmica de la pila de combustible (20), cuando el vehículo está en movimiento, puede ser utilizado para el acondicionamiento térmico del vehículo, mientras que cuando se encuentra estacionado, el calor puede utilizarse para acondicionamiento térmico de agua y de edificaciones.As for the heat released in the reaction exothermic fuel cell (20), when the vehicle is in motion, can be used for thermal conditioning of the vehicle, while when it is parked, the heat can be used for thermal conditioning of water and buildings.
En la figura 4 se indica la utilización del hidrógeno y del oxígeno generados, tanto cuando el vehículo está en marcha, como cuando está parado.The use of the hydrogen and oxygen generated, both when the vehicle is in March, as when standing.
Cuando el vehículo está en marcha, ya sea mediante el motor principal de combustión interna o mediante la catenaria, el hidrógeno almacenado en el modulo (19) puede alimentar a la pila de combustible (20) o al motor de combustión interna auxiliar (37), para que la energía eléctrica generada sirva de autoaccionamiento total o parcial del sistema de tracción (13), (14).When the vehicle is running, either by the main internal combustion engine or by the catenary, hydrogen stored in module (19) can feed to the fuel cell (20) or to the internal combustion engine auxiliary (37), so that the electric power generated serves as total or partial self-drive of the traction system (13), (14).
Cuando el vehículo está parado, el hidrógeno y el oxígeno almacenados en el mismo, pueden ser objeto de distintas aplicaciones:When the vehicle is stationary, hydrogen and the oxygen stored in it, may be subject to different Applications:
- A) TO)
- Almacenamiento, distribución y venta, a través de un sistema expendedor (41).Storage, distribution and sale, through a vending system (41).
- B) B)
- Alimentación de la pila de combustible (20), para que su energía eléctrica pueda ser inyectada en la red de baja tensión (38) o en la catenaria (29).Fuel cell supply (20), for that your electrical energy can be injected into the low grid tension (38) or in the catenary (29).
- C) C)
- Alimentación de la pila de combustible (20), funcionando ésta como un Sistema de Alimentación Ininterrumpida (SAI).Fuel cell power (20), operating this as an Uninterruptible Power Supply System (UPS).
Las diferentes aplicaciones industriales en las que el sistema propuesto objeto de solicitud de patente, son todas aquellas en las que se aplique la tracción eléctrica y frenado regenerativo. En este sentido, quedan incluidos los vehículos utilizados para transporte de personas y mercancías (automóviles, camiones, autobuses, ferrocarriles, metros, tranvías, trolebuses y, en general, todos los medios de transporte que en su trayectoria encuentren tramos con planos inclinados). Así mismo, desde un punto de vista operativo, deben incluirse todos aquellos sistemas de transporte vertical que tengan elevados gradientes de energía potencial.The different industrial applications in that the proposed system object of patent application, are all those in which electric traction and braking is applied regenerative In this sense, vehicles are included used to transport people and goods (cars, trucks, buses, railways, subways, trams, trolleybuses and, in general, all means of transport that in its trajectory find sections with inclined planes). Likewise, from a point operating view, all those systems of vertical transport that have high energy gradients potential.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200700130A ES2337748B1 (en) | 2007-01-03 | 2007-01-03 | GENERATION AND STORAGE SYSTEM, ON BOARD, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN FROM VEHICLE REGENERATIVE BRAKING ENERGY. |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| ES200700130A ES2337748B1 (en) | 2007-01-03 | 2007-01-03 | GENERATION AND STORAGE SYSTEM, ON BOARD, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN FROM VEHICLE REGENERATIVE BRAKING ENERGY. |
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| ES2337748A1 true ES2337748A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
| ES2337748B1 ES2337748B1 (en) | 2011-02-14 |
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| ES200700130A Expired - Fee Related ES2337748B1 (en) | 2007-01-03 | 2007-01-03 | GENERATION AND STORAGE SYSTEM, ON BOARD, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN FROM VEHICLE REGENERATIVE BRAKING ENERGY. |
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| EP2886113A1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-24 | Eurocanarias Oftalmologica, S.L. | Ophthalmic composition for the correction of presbyopia |
| EP3505385A4 (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2020-04-22 | CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. | Rail transit braking energy recovery system and hybrid power rail transit |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4116006A (en) * | 1976-01-26 | 1978-09-26 | Wallis Marvin E | Modular engine assembly |
| DE4210258A1 (en) * | 1992-03-28 | 1993-09-30 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Transmission for vehicle with two engines - has separate clutches to couple to summation gearing and further clutch to couple to main gearbox |
| DE10107693A1 (en) * | 2001-02-19 | 2002-09-05 | Stefan Jerg | Vehicle uses braking energy to create a current from a generator for a storage arrangement in the form of hydrogen, braking causes production of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis for storage in existing storage devices |
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| EP3505385A4 (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2020-04-22 | CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. | Rail transit braking energy recovery system and hybrid power rail transit |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2337748B1 (en) | 2011-02-14 |
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