ES2315091B1 - DEVICE FOR THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM A FLUID. - Google Patents

Abstract

Power generation device electric from a fluid, preferably from wind, of which they comprise a rotating rotor and a stator, the device comprising two tubular bodies, one inside and another exterior, essentially cylindrical and of different size, coaxially arranged, the inner tubular body being, which constitutes the rotor of the device, mounted with turning capacity inside the outer tubular body, which constitutes the device stator. The inner tubular body houses in its inside a series of solidarity blades of said tubular body inside, intended to transmit a rotating movement to the rotor around its longitudinal axis when the wind passes through longitudinally the inner tubular body.

Description

Power generation device electric from a fluid.

Technical sector of the invention

The present invention relates to a device for generating electricity from a fluid, such as air, water or the like and preferably from of the wind.

Background of the invention

As is known, energy sources renewable or alternatives do not consume a finite resource as a fossil fuel or a radioactive substance and also, in general, cause less environmental impacts.

The force of the wind has been used for long time to pump water or grind grain among other tasks that They require energy. Today, sophisticated wind turbines they are used to generate electricity from the force of the wind, especially in areas exposed to frequent winds, such as areas coastal or mountainous carenas.

Such is the case that wind energy is currently booming and is considered, among the energies renewable, such as the one most likely to become a real alternative to non-renewable energy sources such as Oil, gas or coal.

The conversion of wind energy into energy Electric is carried out by wind turbines, whose current facilities for the production of electric power to from the wind they occupy large areas of land not always away from urban centers. These wind turbines are generally constituted by a large tower in whose part more elevated is called the gondola, whose interior is located an electric generator The generator rotor is coupled to through a multiplier to an axis of rotation of the wind turbine, the which is provided with at least three large blades that they are driven by the force of the wind causing their turn around the axis of the wind turbine. The large dimensions of the tower and shovels have certain drawbacks in terms of their Manufacturing and subsequent installation is concerned. In addition, this type of wind turbines require a minimum wind speed to to be operational and, at the same time, must stop when the wind speed exceeds a predetermined value since the high speed of rotation of the blades could damage the components of the wind turbine In order to try to solve part of these drawbacks there are currently different solutions applicable to conventional wind turbines such as the installation of a brake that decreases the speed of rotation of said blades when necessary, or in other cases, the installation of blades adjustable capable of being able to rotate with respect to its longitudinal axis to regulate the area of incidence with the wind. Even so, These solutions, besides being complex, involve a more expensive components and require a process yet more complex for installation.

On the other hand, the blades that form the turbine of the wind turbine are subject to a hub or axis of rotation, in one from their ends, and remain free at their opposite end. Among others inconveniences, this type of facilities involve disturbances due to vibrations, which in turn also generate noise and, due to the dimensions of the blades and the height of the towers that support the turbines, a visual impact occurs considerable.

In order to try to solve anywhere of these drawbacks, document US2004 / 0061337 describes a wind turbine device comprising a pair of external surface sheets and a pair of helical sheets interiors, supported for rotation within a structure of protective safety cage, which can be mounted vertically, horizontal or other operational aligned positions. With this device reaches a greater range of working speeds but it is not possible to reduce the dimensions of the wind turbines conventional. In addition, this device still requires complicated energy conversion elements like gears, belts and / or the like to transmit the rotational movement of the blades to an alternator.

It is noted then, the lack of a device capable of generating electrical energy from wind energy that be smaller than known devices and can work in a greater range of speeds, improving efficiency  Total known devices, being able to install in places in which the wind frequency is lower than in places currently used, usually in group carenas mountainous visible from a long distance, reducing greatly measure the visual impact of conventional wind turbines.

Explanation of the invention.

In order to provide a solution to problems raised, a device for the electric power generation from a fluid, such as air, and preferably from the wind, of those that comprise a rotating rotor and a stator.

In essence, the device is characterized because It comprises two tubular bodies, one inside and one outside, essentially cylindrical and of different size, coaxially arranged, the inner tubular body being, which constitutes the device rotor, mounted with turning capacity inside of the outer tubular body, which constitutes the stator of the device; because the inner tubular body houses inside a series of blades, in solidarity with the said inner tubular body, intended to transmit to the rotor a turning movement around its longitudinal axis when the wind longitudinally crosses the inner tubular body; and because the same inner tubular body it is provided on its outer face with a plurality of inductors

According to another feature of the invention, the inner tubular body houses inside a first set of shovels, called principal or driving, each blade being essentially triangular configuration one of whose sides is attached  to the inner face of the inner tubular body throughout its length and inclined with respect to its generatrix, with which two of their vertices are arranged in the respective mouths anterior and posterior of the inner tubular body, its other being vertex arranged on the longitudinal axis of said tubular body inside.

According to another feature of the invention, the main or driving blades are helical.

The device according to the invention is further characterized because two of the vertices of the blades main or driving are arranged at the mouth posterior of the inner tubular body.

According to another feature of the device of the invention, the number of main or driving blades that houses the Inner tubular body is at least three.

According to another feature of the invention, the device comprises support means for a rotation axis, arranged centered inside the inner tubular body, the which is attached to said inner tubular body by a second set of blades, called accelerator blades, arranged in the central portion of the inner tubular body, which extend from the axis of rotation to the inner face of the inner tubular body, joining them both.

According to another feature of the invention, the second set of blades is between 3 to 6 throttle, helical and surface regulated blades developed, curved against the direction of rotation of the body inner tubular According to a constructive variant, the blades main are also attached to the axis of rotation by the vertex of said blades arranged on the longitudinal axis of the tubular body inside.

The device according to the invention is further characterized because the inner tubular body houses in its inside a third set of blades, called compressor blades, arranged next to the anterior mouth of said tubular body  inside, joined in solidarity with the axis of rotation and extending radially

Another feature of the device invention is that the third set of blades comprises 3 to 6 triangular contour compressor blades whose width decreases as they move away from the axis of rotation and whose surfaces  are slightly curved against the direction of rotation of the axis of rotation and therefore of the inner tubular body.

According to another feature of the invention, the support means are constituted by a first and a second axle support structures arranged in the anterior mouth and posterior, respectively, of the outer tubular body, which they comprise a central housing adapted for the support of one of the ends of the axis of rotation of the inner tubular body and of a series of radial extensions that link the aforementioned accommodation with the outer tubular body.

Another remarkable aspect of the object device of the invention is that the ends of the radial extensions They are firmly attached to the outer tubular body.

According to a variant of the invention, the body outer tubular is mounted with the ability to turn around its longitudinal axis and the inner and outer tubular bodies are mechanically coupled through a gear set epicyclic, so that the turning movement in a sense of Inner tubular body is transmitted, in the opposite direction, to the outer tubular body.

Preferably, the tubular body inside is provided at its ends with two toothed rings outer and the outer tubular body is provided in its ends of two internal toothed rings in correspondence with those of the inner tubular body, connected by gears Crazy satellites, rigid shaft rotation. According to another feature of the invention, the inductors of the inner tubular body are permanent magnets, longitudinally arranged and regularly distributed on the outer face of the inner tubular body.

Brief description of the drawings

The attached drawings illustrate, by way of non-limiting example, different variants for a device according to the invention. In these drawings:

Figs. 1a and 1b are two representations, in perspective, of a first variant of the device according to the invention;

Fig. 2a is a perspective view of a main blade of the device of Fig. 1a, together with the axis of rotation of the inner tubular body;

Fig. 2b is a perspective view of the game of accelerator blades of the device of Fig. 1a, also together with the axis of rotation of the inner tubular body;

Fig. 2c is a perspective view of the game of compressor blades of the device of Fig. 1a, together with the axis of rotation of the inner tubular body;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the pivot shaft support means of the inner tubular body firmly attached to the outer tubular body of the device of the Fig. 1; Y

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the means for supporting the axis of rotation of the inner tubular body, the outer tubular body being mounted with turning capacity around its longitudinal axis, all according to another variant of the device.

Detailed description of the drawings

As depicted in Figs. 1a and 1b, device 1 for generating electricity according to the invention comprises in a known manner a rotating rotor 20 and a stator 30, although unlike devices conventional, the rotor 20 is adapted so that the fluid, in this case the air, can cross it longitudinally causing the rotation of the rotor 20 around its longitudinal axis 31.

The device 1 comprises two tubular bodies 2 and 3 cylindrical, one inside and one outside, of different Size and coaxially arranged. The inner tubular body 2, which It is the smallest, it is mounted with turning capacity around of a corresponding axis of rotation 5, as will be explained in detail below, inside the outer tubular body 3 and constitutes the rotor 20 of an electric alternator. In a manner complementary, the outer tubular body 3 of larger size and that Wraps the inner tubular body 2, constitutes the stator 30 of the electric alternator

In Figs. 1a and 1b, a plurality of inductors 22 provided on the outer face thereof inner tubular body 2, whereby the inner tubular body 2 acts as a rotor for device 1. These inductors 22 of the body Inner tubular 2 are permanent magnets devoid of wound, longitudinally arranged and regularly distributed on the outer face of the inner tubular body 2, so that it Get a good swing balance. In turn, stator 30 of device 1 is a stator of magnetic coils, which remain arranged adjacent to the contour of the rotor 20, which constitute the armature circuit of device 1.

In Figs. 1a and 1b it is appreciated that the body tubular interior 2 houses inside three sets of blades different, which rotate with the inner tubular body 2. These blades 21, 23 and 24 are intended to transmit directly to rotor 20 of the device 1 a turning movement around its axis longitudinal 31 when a current of air or wind crosses longitudinally the inner tubular body 2, from its mouth anterior 10 until its posterior mouth 11.

In particular, device 1 of Figs. 1st and 1b comprises a first set of blades consisting of six blades main or driving 21; a second set of shovels constituted by three compressor blades 23; and a third set of shovels consisting of three accelerator blades 24.

In Fig. 2a a detail has been shown main or driving blade 21 together with the axis of rotation 5 of the body inner tubular 2. As can be seen the blade 21 is of triangular configuration and is joined by one of its sides to the face  inside of the inner tubular body 2 (not shown) along of its entire length and inclined with respect to its generatrix, with that two of the vertices of the blade 21 are arranged in the respective mouths anterior 10 and posterior 11 of the body inner tubular 2, its other vertex arranged attached to the axis Turn 5 at its rear end. Shovel 21 is sectional transverse curve and device 1 is provided with six blades similar and distributed equidistant.

Advantageously, these types of blades together with the tubular configuration of the device 1 they allow to obtain a distribution of the best distributed weight throughout its outer perimeter of rotation that provides a greater moment of inertia at a predetermined speed and weights, thus improving among others the performance of the devices currently known.

In Fig. 2b a detail has been shown second set of blades consisting of three accelerator blades 24 together with the axis of rotation 5 of the inner tubular body 2 (no represented). Each of the accelerator blades 24 is sectional transverse flat, is arranged in the central portion of the body tubular inner 2 and extends from the axis of rotation 5 to the inner surface of said inner tubular body 2 joining them to both of them. The accelerator blades 24, which configure surfaces developed rulers, are helical and at the same time are curved against the direction of rotation of the inner tubular body 2 around the axis of rotation 5. As regards the advance of the propeller, in the example of Fig. 2b, the blades 24 are twisted so that its opposite ends are arranged at 45º one Regarding the other.

These accelerator blades 24 are intended for increase the air velocity in the event that the currents of air are low speed, increasing the pressure exerted by the accelerated air against the main or driving blades 21, being able to take advantage of these air currents.

In Fig. 2c a detail has been shown third set of blades consisting of three compressor blades 23 together with the axis of rotation 5 of the inner tubular body 2 (no represented). The compressor blades 23 are arranged close to the  front end of the axis of rotation 5 to which they remain joined by one of their respective extremes. Each of the compressor blades 23 It is of curved cross-section, of triangular contour, whose width decreases as you move away from the axis of rotation 5. Like that the accelerator blades 24, the compressor blades 23 are curved against the direction of rotation of the inner tubular body 2 around the axis of rotation 5.

As seen in Figs. 1a and 1b, the game of throttle blades 24 is mounted on the axis of rotation 5 angularly offset from the set of compressor blades 23, whereby accelerator blades 24 and compressor blades 23 do not are aligned in the direction of the axis of rotation 5.

In combination, the compressor blades 23 centrifuge the fluid from the center to the body wall inner tubular 2, so that the free space left by the fluid displaced is occupied by more fluid producing compression of the latter against the wall of the inner tubular body 2, provided that The fluid is susceptible to it.

The accelerator blades 24 accentuate the effect of the compressor blades 23, accelerating the speed of the fluid centrifuged The torsion of the accelerator blades described above It is important and allows to reduce the friction of these blades with the fluid For this reason, the torsion of the accelerator blades 24 it is progressive from the axis of rotation 5 to the inner wall of the inner tubular body 2 since the tangential turning speed of the blades increases at a greater distance from the axis of rotation 5, increasing to turn the friction with the fluid.

On the other hand, device 1 of Figs. 1st and 1b also comprises support means 4 for the axis of rotation 5, arranged coincident with the longitudinal axis 31 of the body inner tubular 2.

As depicted in Fig. 3, the support means 4 of the device 1 are constituted by a first and second support structures 4a and 4b of the shaft arranged in the anterior opening 10 and posterior 11, respectively, of the outer tubular body 3. These structures of support 4a and 4b comprise an adapted central housing 4c for holding, with turning capacity, one of the ends of the axis of rotation 5 of the inner tubular body 2 and three extensions 4d radials linking said housing 4c with the body outer tubular 3. As can be seen in this Fig. 3, the 4d radial extension ends are firmly attached to the outer tubular body 3. While in the variant represented in Figs. 1a and 1b the set formed by the tubular bodies interior 2 and exterior 3 is mounted on a rotating support 18, which allows the assembly to rotate around a vertical axis and orient the anterior mouth 10 of the device 1 in the optimal direction to take advantage of the force of the wind, the body outer tubular 3 is prevented from turning around the axis longitudinal 31, because the support structures 4a and 4b joined to him also they are prevented from turning around the mentioned axis longitudinal 31.

The 4c accommodations are provided with about rolling means that allow free rotation of the axis of rotation 5 supported by its ends in said housings 4c, so that the inner tubular body 2, attached to the axis of rotation 5 by the blades  main or driving 21 and throttle blades 24, can at your turn freely inside the outer tubular body 3.

Unlike the device 1 represented in Fig. 3, in the variant shown in Fig. 4, the bodies tubular inner 2 and outer 3 are mechanically coupled by an epicyclic gear set, the body being outer tubular 3 mounted with turning capacity around the shaft longitudinal 31. The inner tubular body 2 is provided in its ends of two outer toothed rings 12 and the body outer tubular 3 is provided at its ends with two rings internal teeth 13 in correspondence with those of the tubular body  interior 2, connected by crazy satellite gears 14, shaft of rigid rotation, with which the turning movement of the tubular body interior 2 in one direction (as indicated by arrow A in Fig. 4) it is transmitted by the aforementioned crazy satellite gears 14 to outer tubular body 3, which will rotate in the opposite direction (such as indicated by arrow B).

Thus, the stator 30 of the device 1 of this variant represented in Fig. 4, is no longer a stator 30 static as in the case represented in Fig. 3, but becomes a counter rotor as it rotates in the opposite direction to the rotor twenty.

As far as crazy satellites are concerned 14 these are rotatably mounted on the radial extensions 4d of the first 4a and second 4b support structures, which in in this case they are jointly and severally connected to an outer cover 15. This variant of device 1 improves and contributes to the rotation of the tubular bodies 2 and 3, and reduces vibrations between them.

The manufacture and installation of the device 1 It's really simple and fast, because the number of components of device 1 is much smaller than the entire mechanism usual used for the transmission of the turning movement of the large blades in conventional wind turbines, in addition to that the mast of this type of facilities is suppressed.

In addition, advantageously, due to the reduced dimensions of the device 1 this can be easily orientable in the wind direction, either in a manual or motorized way or well, as depicted in Figs. 1a, 1b and 5, automatically if device 1 is provided with a top flap 19.

On the other hand, because said device 1 It can work with low power winds, it is not necessary ride it on a large mast in a mountainous or coastal hull, but which can be installed at lower heights, even at the level of ground by means of the appropriate supports for anchoring 16 to the ground, such and as shown in Fig. 1a, 1b and 4, thus decreasing greatly measure the visual impact generated by this type of devices. Do not However, the device 1 is expected to comprise a system for its height adjustment 17 that allows the height to vary slightly of said device 1.

It is also not necessary to stop the turn of the wind turbine when the wind blows at high speeds, since that the distribution of weights in device 1 suppresses problems related to mass distribution that provide the moment of inertia, which suffer from wind turbines conventional.

As an example, in the built prototypes the inner tubular body 2 starts its turning movement from of a wind speed of 2 m / s, being the diameter of said inner tubular body 2 of 20 cm, and weighing the set formed by the inner tubular body 2 and the 1.6 kg blades.

It should also be mentioned that, at the electrical level, alternator configuration of device 1 allows so advantageous to suppress gears and multiplier elements that were necessary in the generators previously used in the market.

Claims (15)

1. Device (1) for the generation of electrical energy from a fluid, such as air, and preferably from the wind, of which comprise a rotating rotor (20) and a stator (30), characterized because it comprises two tubular bodies (2, 3), one inside and one outside, essentially cylindrical and of different size, coaxially arranged, the body being inner tubular (2), which constitutes the rotor of the device, mounted with turning capacity inside the tubular body exterior (3), which constitutes the stator of the device; because the inner tubular body (2) houses in inside a series of shovels (21, 23, 24), solidarity of the aforementioned inner tubular body, intended to transmit to the rotor a turning movement around its longitudinal axis (31) when the wind runs longitudinally through the inner tubular body; Y because the same inner tubular body is provided on its outer face with a plurality of inductors (22). 2. Device (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the inner tubular body (2) houses inside a first set of blades, called main or driving (21), each blade of essentially triangular configuration being one of whose sides is attached to the inner face of the inner tubular body along its entire length and inclined with respect to its generatrix, whereby two of its vertices are arranged in the respective anterior (10) and posterior (11) openings of the inner tubular body, its other vertex being disposed on the longitudinal axis (31) of said inner tubular body. 3. Device (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the main or driving blades (21) are helical. Device (1) according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that two of the vertices of the main or driving blades (21) are arranged in the rear opening of the inner tubular body (2). Device (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the number of main or driving blades (21) housing the inner tubular body (2) is at least three. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises support means (4) for a rotation axis (5), arranged centered inside the inner tubular body (2), which is connected to said inner tubular body by means of a second set of blades, called accelerator blades (24), arranged in the central portion of the inner tubular body, which extend from the axis of rotation to the inner face of the inner tubular body, joining them both. Device (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the second set of blades is comprised between 3 to 6 accelerating blades (24), helical and with a developed surface, curved against the direction of rotation of the inner tubular body (2 ). Device (1) according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the main blades (21) are also connected to the axis of rotation (5) by the vertex of said blades arranged on the longitudinal axis (31) of the inner tubular body ( 2). Device (1) according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner tubular body (2) houses inside a third set of blades, called compressor blades (23), arranged close to the anterior mouth of said inner tubular body, joined in solidarity with the axis of rotation (5) and extending radially. Device (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the third set of blades comprises between 3 to 6 triangular contour compressor blades (23) whose width decreases as they move away from the axis of rotation (5) and whose surfaces are slightly curved against the direction of rotation of the axis of rotation and therefore of the inner tubular body (2). Device (1) according to claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the support means (4) are constituted by a first and a second support structures (4a and 4b) of the shaft arranged in the front and rear mouth, respectively, of the outer tubular body (3), comprising a central housing (4c) adapted for securing one of the ends of the axis of rotation (5) of the inner tubular body (2) and of a series of radial extensions (4d) that link said housing with the outer tubular body. 12. Device (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the ends of the radial extensions (4d) are firmly connected to the outer tubular body (3). 13. Device (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the outer tubular body (3) is mounted with rotation capacity around its longitudinal axis (31) and that the inner (2) and outer (3) tubular bodies are coupled mechanically by means of an epicyclic gear set so that the turning movement in one direction of the inner tubular body is transmitted, in the opposite direction, to the outer tubular body. 14. Device (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the inner tubular body (2) is provided at its ends with two outer toothed rings (12) and that the outer tubular body (3) is provided at its ends with two rings internal teeth (13) in correspondence with those of the inner tubular body, joined by crazy satellite gears (14), with a rigid rotation axis. 15. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the inductors (22) of the inner tubular body (2) are permanent magnets, longitudinally arranged and regularly distributed on the outer face of the inner tubular body.