ES2395148T3 - Exhaust system - Google Patents
Exhaust system Download PDFInfo
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- ES2395148T3 ES2395148T3 ES08843417T ES08843417T ES2395148T3 ES 2395148 T3 ES2395148 T3 ES 2395148T3 ES 08843417 T ES08843417 T ES 08843417T ES 08843417 T ES08843417 T ES 08843417T ES 2395148 T3 ES2395148 T3 ES 2395148T3
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- exhaust gases
- exhaust
- assembly
- guide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 260
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen(.) Chemical compound [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
- F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
- F02D19/10—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
- F02D19/105—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous operating in a special mode, e.g. in a liquid fuel only mode for starting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0227—Means to treat or clean gaseous fuels or fuel systems, e.g. removal of tar, cracking, reforming or enriching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2067—Urea
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/018—Natural gas engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Un conjunto catalizador (2) para un motor de combustible doble, el conjunto catalizador comprendiendo:un primer catalizador (41) que comprende un catalizador oxidante de metano;un segundo catalizador (6) que comprende un catalizador de reducción catalítica selectiva, el primercatalizador estando posicionado aguas arriba del segundo catalizador;en el que el conjunto catalizador es sustancialmente cilíndrico el primero y segundo catalizadores son cadauno sustancialmente cilíndricos y son sustancialmente coaxiales, el segundo catalizador con un diámetro desección transversal que es mayor que el diámetro de sección transversal del primer catalizador;caracterizado porque el conjunto catalizador comprende además:una primera guía (12) para guiar gases de escape desde el motor y a través del primer catalizador; yuna segunda guía (14) para guiar gases de escape a través del segundo catalizador después de que losgases de escape hayan pasado a través del primer catalizador-, en donde la primera guía comprende unvolumen cerrado que tiene una placa deflectora perforada.A catalyst assembly (2) for a double fuel engine, the catalyst assembly comprising: a first catalyst (41) comprising an methane oxidizing catalyst; a second catalyst (6) comprising a selective catalytic reduction catalyst, the primary catalyst being positioned upstream of the second catalyst; in which the catalyst assembly is substantially cylindrical the first and second catalysts are each substantially cylindrical and are substantially coaxial, the second catalyst with a cross-sectional diameter which is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the first catalyst characterized in that the catalyst assembly further comprises: a first guide (12) for guiding exhaust gases from the engine and through the first catalyst; and a second guide (14) for guiding exhaust gases through the second catalyst after the exhaust gasses have passed through the first catalyst-, wherein the first guide comprises a closed volume having a perforated baffle plate.
Description
Sistema de escape Exhaust system
[0001] Esta invención se refiere a un sistema de escape para utilizar con un sistema motor, y en particular, se refiere a un sistema de escape para un sistema motor multimodal tal como un sistema de motor de combustible doble. [0001] This invention relates to an exhaust system for use with an engine system, and in particular, it relates to an exhaust system for a multimodal engine system such as a double fuel engine system.
[0002] Un motor de combustible doble está adaptado para operar en dos modos. Normalmente un primer modo es un modo diesel en el cual el motor es alimentado totalmente por combustible diesel, y un segundo modo es un modo de combustible gaseoso en el cual el motor es alimentado predominantemente por un combustible gaseoso tal como gas natural (metano) o propano el cual se enciende por una cantidad relativamente pequeña de diesel. [0002] A double fuel engine is adapted to operate in two modes. Normally a first mode is a diesel mode in which the engine is fed entirely by diesel fuel, and a second mode is a gaseous fuel mode in which the engine is predominantly fueled by a gaseous fuel such as natural gas (methane) or Propane which is ignited by a relatively small amount of diesel.
[0003] Esta invención se refiere particularmente, pero no exclusivamente, a un sistema de escape para un sistema motor de combustible doble que comprende un motor que funciona con diesel y otro combustible tal como gas natural. Debe entenderse, sin embargo, que la invención se refiere a un sistema de escape para cualquier sistema motor multimodo que funciona con cualquier combinación de combustibles. [0003] This invention relates particularly, but not exclusively, to an exhaust system for a dual fuel engine system comprising a diesel engine and other fuel such as natural gas. It should be understood, however, that the invention relates to an exhaust system for any multimode engine system that works with any combination of fuels.
[0004] El funcionamiento de un motor tal como un motor de combustión interna con una mezcla de un combustible líquido como diesel, y un combustible gaseoso como metano mantiene la economía de combustible y el rendimiento del motor, mientras que al mismo tiempo reduce los niveles no deseados de emisiones de escape. Como la gente generalmente se vuelve más consciente del efecto catastrófico sobre el medio ambiente y el clima del consumo de combustibles de hidrocarburos, existe una mayor necesidad de reducir emisiones de carbono procedentes de vehículos como los vehículos pesados de transporte de mercancías. Un modo en el que estas emisiones pueden reducirse es propulsando tales vehículos con motores de combustible doble los cuales, al menos durante un tiempo, estén alimentados predominantemente por metano, por ejemplo. [0004] The operation of an engine such as an internal combustion engine with a mixture of a liquid fuel such as diesel, and a gaseous fuel such as methane maintains fuel economy and engine performance, while at the same time reducing levels Unwanted exhaust emissions. As people generally become more aware of the catastrophic effect on the environment and the climate of hydrocarbon fuel consumption, there is a greater need to reduce carbon emissions from vehicles such as heavy goods vehicles. One way in which these emissions can be reduced is by propelling such vehicles with double fuel engines which, at least for a while, are predominantly fueled by methane, for example.
[0005] En la mayoría de los países del mundo, existen regulaciones para limitar el nivel de emisiones de escape producidas por, por ejemplo, vehículos de carretera. Estas regulaciones se están volviendo más exigentes que nunca con el fin de impedir que el ambiente llegue a contaminarse más. [0005] In most countries of the world, there are regulations to limit the level of exhaust emissions produced by, for example, road vehicles. These regulations are becoming more demanding than ever in order to prevent the environment from becoming more contaminated.
[0006] Uno de los principales contaminantes contenidos en los gases de escape de un motor alimentado con diesel es el óxido de nitrógeno (NOx). Como se conoce en la técnica, NOx es el término genérico de mononitrógeno (NO y NO2). [0006] One of the main pollutants contained in the exhaust gases of a diesel powered engine is nitrogen oxide (NOx). As is known in the art, NOx is the generic term mononitrogen (NO and NO2).
[0007] A fin de cumplir dichas regulaciones de emisiones se conoce el uso de un catalizador conocido como un catalizador de reducción catalítica selectiva (RCS) en el sistema de escape de un motor diesel con el fin de permitir que los niveles de NOx en los gases de escape se reduzcan. Tal catalizador forma parte de un sistema de reducción catalítica selectiva (RCS). Sistemas de RCS conocidos comprende un catalizador RCS utilizado en combinación con urea. [0007] In order to comply with such emission regulations it is known to use a catalyst known as a selective catalytic reduction catalyst (RCS) in the exhaust system of a diesel engine in order to allow NOx levels in Exhaust gases are reduced. Such a catalyst is part of a selective catalytic reduction system (RCS). Known RCS systems comprise an RCS catalyst used in combination with urea.
[0008] Un sistema de reducción catalítica selectiva (RCS) es un medio de eliminar los óxidos de nitrógeno de los gases de escape a través de un reacción química entre los gases de escape, un agente reductor, y un catalizador. [0008] A selective catalytic reduction system (RCS) is a means of removing nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gases through a chemical reaction between the exhaust gases, a reducing agent, and a catalyst.
[0009] Un agente reductor gaseoso o líquido, más comúnmente amoníaco o urea, es añadido a una corriente de gas de escape. La mezcla es entonces absorbida por un catalizador. El agente reductor reacciona con NOx en los gases de escape para formar vapor de agua inocuo (H2O) y gas nitrógeno (N2). [0009] A gaseous or liquid reducing agent, more commonly ammonia or urea, is added to an exhaust gas stream. The mixture is then absorbed by a catalyst. The reducing agent reacts with NOx in the exhaust gases to form harmless water vapor (H2O) and nitrogen gas (N2).
[0010] Se conoce utilizar un catalizador en base a vanadio, o un catalizador con zeolitas como un catalizador RCS en un sistema RCS. [0010] It is known to use a vanadium-based catalyst, or a catalyst with zeolites as an RCS catalyst in an RCS system.
[0011] Los catalizadores de vanadio tienden a desactivarse a temperaturas por encima de 600°C, mientras que los catalizadores que incorporan zeolitas son más duraderos a mayores temperaturas y son por ello normalmente capaces de soportar funcionamiento prolongado a temperaturas por encima de los 650°C, además de breve exposición a temperaturas entre 750 y 800°C. [0011] Vanadium catalysts tend to deactivate at temperatures above 600 ° C, while catalysts incorporating zeolites are more durable at higher temperatures and are therefore normally capable of withstanding prolonged operation at temperatures above 650 ° C, in addition to brief exposure to temperatures between 750 and 800 ° C.
[0012] Se conoce además utilizar catalizadores de zeolita de intercambio de hierro y cobre junto con urea como un reductor para formar un sistema eficiente de RCS. [0012] It is also known to use iron and copper exchange zeolite catalysts together with urea as a reductant to form an efficient RCS system.
[0013] El catalizador RCS podría por supuesto estar formado por cualquier material adecuado. [0013] The RCS catalyst could of course be formed of any suitable material.
[0014] Cuando NOx reacciona con el reactivo (urea o amoníaco) suceden las siguientes reacciones químicas: [0014] When NOx reacts with the reagent (urea or ammonia) the following chemical reactions occur:
6NO + 4NH3 - 5 N2 + 6 H2O 6NO + 4NH3 - 5 N2 + 6 H2O
4NO + 4 NH3 + O2 - 4 N2 + 6 H2O 4NO + 4 NH3 + O2 - 4 N2 + 6 H2O
6NO2 + 8 NH3 - 7 N2+ 12 H2O 6NO2 + 8 NH3 - 7 N2 + 12 H2O
2 NO2 + 4 NH3 + O2 - 3 N2 + 6 H2O NO + NO2+ 2 NH3 - 2 N2 + 3 H2O 2 NO2 + 4 NH3 + O2 - 3 N2 + 6 H2O NO + NO2 + 2 NH3 - 2 N2 + 3 H2O
[0015] Cuando se utiliza urea como reactivo, se inyectan soluciones de urea en agua en una corriente de gases de escape y se evaporan. Esto es entonces seguido de la descomposición de la urea para producir amoníaco y dióxido de carbono. Es preferible utilizar urea antes que amoníaco debido a la toxicidad y problemas de manipulación resultantes asociados con el uso de amoníaco. [0015] When urea is used as a reagent, urea solutions are injected into water in a stream of exhaust gases and evaporated. This is then followed by the decomposition of urea to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. It is preferable to use urea before ammonia due to the toxicity and resulting handling problems associated with the use of ammonia.
[0016] GB 2 381 218 revela un aparato para tratar una corriente de gases de escape, particularmente una corriente de gases de escape de un motor de combustión interna. El aparato comprende diversos compartimentos dentro de los cuales deben realizarse uno o más tratamientos sobre una corriente de gas y a través de los cuales la corriente de gas tiene que fluir secuencialmente. Un compartimento contiene un elemento de tratamiento para oxidación catalítica, luego una región de mezcla que incluye medios adicionales para añadir un agente reductor a la corriente de gas. La región de mezcla también incluye medios inductores de turbulencia para provocar turbulencia dentro de la corriente de gas, y al menos un compartimento adicional que contiene un elemento de tratamiento para un tratamiento catalítico. Los medios inductores de turbulencia dentro de la región de mezcla se disponen de modo que la corriente de gas que deja la región de mezcla no tenga sustancialmente remolinos. [0016] GB 2 381 218 discloses an apparatus for treating an exhaust gas stream, particularly an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine. The apparatus comprises various compartments within which one or more treatments must be carried out on a gas stream and through which the gas stream has to flow sequentially. A compartment contains a treatment element for catalytic oxidation, then a mixing region that includes additional means for adding a reducing agent to the gas stream. The mixing region also includes turbulence inducing means for causing turbulence within the gas stream, and at least one additional compartment containing a treatment element for a catalytic treatment. The turbulence inducing means within the mixing region are arranged so that the gas stream leaving the mixing region does not have substantially whirlpools.
[0017] Cuando un motor de combustión interna funciona en el segundo modo y es alimentado predominantemente por metano, un contaminante principal contenido en los gases de escape s metano no quemado. Se conoce el uso de un catalizador oxidante de metano para facilitar una reducción de metano en dichos gases de escape. Un catalizador oxidante permite al metano no quemado reaccionar con oxígeno para producir dióxido de carbono y agua. [0017] When an internal combustion engine operates in the second mode and is predominantly fueled by methane, a major pollutant contained in the exhaust gases is unburned methane. The use of an oxidizing methane catalyst to facilitate a reduction of methane in said exhaust gases is known. An oxidizing catalyst allows unburned methane to react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
[0018] Una vez que los gases de escape han pasado a través del catalizador de metano, la temperatura de los gases de escape variará dependiendo del modo en el que el motor esté funcionando. Cuando el motor esté funcionando en el segundo modo, predominantemente con metano, el exceso de metano se oxidará al pasar a través del catalizador de metano. Esta reacción genera calor aumentando con ello la temperatura de los gases de escape a 450 -650°C. Por otro lado, cuando el motor está funcionando en el modo primero en el que el diesel es el combustible predominante, no existirá ningún exceso de metano a oxidar y por tanto la temperatura de los gases de escape permanecerá sustancialmente a 250 -450°C. [0018] Once the exhaust gases have passed through the methane catalyst, the temperature of the exhaust gases will vary depending on the mode in which the engine is running. When the engine is running in the second mode, predominantly with methane, excess methane will oxidize as it passes through the methane catalyst. This reaction generates heat thereby increasing the temperature of the exhaust gases to 450-650 ° C. On the other hand, when the engine is running in the first mode in which diesel is the predominant fuel, there will be no excess of methane to oxidize and therefore the temperature of the exhaust gases will remain substantially at 250-450 ° C.
[0019] Se conoce que un catalizador oxidante de metano normalmente funciona eficazmente sólo a o por encima de una temperatura mínima de “encendido”. Esta temperatura es normalmente alrededor de 425 a 475°C. [0019] It is known that an oxidizing methane catalyst normally works effectively only at or above a minimum "ignition" temperature. This temperature is normally around 425 to 475 ° C.
[0020] Según la presente invención se proporciona un sistema de escape para un motor de combustible doble que comprende un conjunto catalizador que comprende: [0020] According to the present invention an exhaust system is provided for a double fuel engine comprising a catalyst assembly comprising:
un primer catalizador que comprende un catalizador oxidante de metano; a first catalyst comprising an oxidizing methane catalyst;
un segundo catalizador que comprende un catalizador de reducción catalítica selectiva, el primer catalizador siendo posicionado aguas arriba del segundo catalizador; a second catalyst comprising a catalyst of selective catalytic reduction, the first catalyst being positioned upstream of the second catalyst;
en el que el conjunto catalizador es básicamente cilíndrico el primer y segundo catalizadores son cada uno sustancialmente cilíndricos y son sustancialmente coaxiales, el segundo catalizador teniendo un diámetro transversal que es mayor que el diámetro transversal del primer catalizador; caracterizado porque el conjunto catalizador además comprende: una primera guía para guiar los gases de escape desde el motor y a través del primer catalizador; y wherein the catalyst assembly is basically cylindrical the first and second catalysts are each substantially cylindrical and are substantially coaxial, the second catalyst having a transverse diameter that is greater than the transverse diameter of the first catalyst; characterized in that the catalyst assembly further comprises: a first guide for guiding the exhaust gases from the engine and through the first catalyst; Y
una segunda guía para guiar los gases de escape a través del segundo catalizador después de que los gases de escape hayan pasado a través del primer catalizador-, la primera guía comprende un volumen cerrado que tiene placa deflectora perforada. A second guide for guiding the exhaust gases through the second catalyst after the exhaust gases have passed through the first catalyst-, the first guide comprises a closed volume having perforated baffle plate.
[0021] Por medio del sistema de escape de la presente invención, todos los gases de escape sean producidos cuando el motor de combustible doble está funcionando en un primer modo alimentado predominantemente por un combustible líquido, o en un segundo modo alimentado predominantemente por un combustible gaseoso pasarán inicialmente a través del primer catalizador y luego a través del segundo catalizador. [0021] By means of the exhaust system of the present invention, all exhaust gases are produced when the dual fuel engine is operated in a first mode predominantly fueled by a liquid fuel, or in a second mode predominantly fueled by a fuel gas will initially pass through the first catalyst and then through the second catalyst.
[0022] Preferiblemente, el sistema de escape comprende una entrada y una salida. [0022] Preferably, the exhaust system comprises an inlet and an outlet.
[0023] Cuando el motor está funcionando en el primer modo en el cual funciona con un combustible líquido tal como diesel, los gases de escape contendrán muy poco o nada de metano y por tanto los gases de escape sencillamente pasarán a través del primer catalizador. Los gases de escape pasarán luego a través del segundo catalizador antes de salir del sistema de escape por la salida de escape. [0023] When the engine is running in the first mode in which it operates with a liquid fuel such as diesel, the exhaust gases will contain little or no methane and therefore the exhaust gases will simply pass through the first catalyst. The exhaust gases will then pass through the second catalyst before leaving the exhaust system through the exhaust outlet.
[0024] Cuando el motor está funcionando en el segundo modo, alimentado predominantemente con metano, el primer catalizador permitirá al metano que se oxide para producir dióxido de carbono y agua. [0024] When the engine is running in the second mode, predominantly fueled with methane, the first catalyst will allow methane to oxidize to produce carbon dioxide and water.
[0025] La primera guía está adaptada para guiar gases de escape a la entrada del conjunto catalizador. [0025] The first guide is adapted to guide exhaust gases to the inlet of the catalyst assembly.
[0026] La primera guía puede tomar cualquier forma conveniente y puede por ejemplo r un conducto que se extiende desde la entrada de escapa al primer catalizador, o a la entrada del conjunto catalizador. [0026] The first guide can take any convenient form and can for example r a conduit that extends from the exhaust inlet to the first catalyst, or to the inlet of the catalyst assembly.
[0027] La primera guía comprende un volumen cerrado con un placa deflectora perforada. El volumen cerrado puede estar definido por un conducto, por ejemplo. Dicha primera guía ayuda a asegurar que haya una distribución sustancialmente homogénea de los gases de escape en una cara del primer catalizador. [0027] The first guide comprises a closed volume with a perforated baffle plate. The closed volume may be defined by a conduit, for example. Said first guide helps ensure that there is a substantially homogeneous distribution of the exhaust gases on one face of the first catalyst.
[0028] Alternativamente, o además, la primera guía comprende el cono difusor que se extiende desde la entrada del escape o la entrada del conjunto catalizador hacia el primer catalizador. [0028] Alternatively, or in addition, the first guide comprises the diffuser cone extending from the exhaust inlet or the inlet of the catalyst assembly towards the first catalyst.
[0029] Preferiblemente, el cono difusor comprende una pluralidad de secciones cónicas. Ventajosamente las secciones cónicas son sustancialmente concéntricas entre sí. [0029] Preferably, the diffuser cone comprises a plurality of conical sections. Advantageously the conical sections are substantially concentric with each other.
[0030] Preferiblemente, cada una de las secciones cónicas tiene un perfil cónico, el ángulo de cada perfil cónico siendo determinado por la distribución de flujo deseada requerida. [0030] Preferably, each of the conical sections has a conical profile, the angle of each conical profile being determined by the desired flow distribution required.
[0031] La segunda guía puede tomar cualquier forma conveniente y puede por ejemplo ser en forma de un amortiguador. [0031] The second guide can take any convenient form and can for example be in the form of a shock absorber.
[0032] Alternativamente, o además, la segunda guía puede comprender una pared, u otra barrera, que se extiende desde el conjunto catalizador, aguas abajo del primer catalizador. Dicha pared o barrera puede por ejemplo ser una extensión de una carcasa rodeando el primer catalizador. Dicha pared o barrera ayuda a impedir la recirculación de gases de escape que emergen del primer catalizador y ayuda con ello a evitar que dichos gases de escape vuelvan a entrar en el primer catalizador. [0032] Alternatively, or in addition, the second guide may comprise a wall, or other barrier, extending from the catalyst assembly, downstream of the first catalyst. Said wall or barrier can for example be an extension of a housing surrounding the first catalyst. Said wall or barrier helps prevent the recirculation of exhaust gases emerging from the first catalyst and thereby helps prevent said exhaust gases from re-entering the first catalyst.
[0033] El conjunto catalizador puede comprender más de una segunda guía. [0033] The catalyst assembly may comprise more than one second guide.
[0034] Preferiblemente, el conjunto catalizador comprende además un inyector para inyectar urea en el sistema de escape, el inyector estando posicionado entre el primer y segundo catalizador. [0034] Preferably, the catalyst assembly further comprises an injector for injecting urea into the exhaust system, the injector being positioned between the first and second catalysts.
[0035] En otras palabras, el inyector es posicionado aguas abajo del primer catalizador y aguas arriba del segundo catalizador. Cuando los gases de escape fluyen a través del sistema de escape inicialmente pasarán a través del primer catalizador antes de pasar el inyector en cuyo punto puede pulverizarse urea sobre los gases de escape. Los gases de escape pasan luego a través del segundo catalizador permitiendo que los niveles de NOx se reduzcan de un modo conocido. [0035] In other words, the injector is positioned downstream of the first catalyst and upstream of the second catalyst. When the exhaust gases flow through the exhaust system they will initially pass through the first catalyst before passing the injector at which point urea can be sprayed on the exhaust gases. The exhaust gases then pass through the second catalyst allowing NOx levels to be reduced in a known way.
[0036] El segundo catalizador y la urea inyectada por el inyector forman juntos un sistema RCS. [0036] The second catalyst and the urea injected by the injector together form an RCS system.
[0037] Preferiblemente, el sistema de escape comprende además un disipador de calor posicionado aguas abajo del primer catalizador y aguas arriba del segundo catalizador. El disipador de calor puede ser utilizado por ejemplo cuando el motor esté funcionando en el segundo modo en el cual es alimentado predominantemente por un combustible gaseoso. En dicho modo, los gases de escape serán de una mayor temperatura y podrían por tanto dificultar la capacidad de reducción de NOx del catalizador RCS. [0037] Preferably, the exhaust system further comprises a heat sink positioned downstream of the first catalyst and upstream of the second catalyst. The heat sink can be used for example when the engine is running in the second mode in which it is predominantly fueled by a gaseous fuel. In this mode, the exhaust gases will be of a higher temperature and could therefore hinder the NOx reduction capacity of the RCS catalyst.
[0038] El disipador de calor puede ser en forma de cualquier dispositivo adecuado adaptado para reducir la temperatura de los gases de escape. Por ejemplo, el disipador de calor puede comprender un dispositivo de transmisión de calor u otro tipo de refrigerador. The heat sink can be in the form of any suitable device adapted to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gases. For example, the heat sink may comprise a heat transfer device or other type of refrigerator.
[0039] El disipador de calor se puede considerar que es un dispositivo de rechazo de calor, y preferiblemente está adaptado para transferir exceso de calor de los gases de escape fuera del segundo catalizador, y preferiblemente fuera del sistema de escape. [0039] The heat sink can be considered to be a heat rejection device, and is preferably adapted to transfer excess heat from the exhaust gases out of the second catalyst, and preferably out of the exhaust system.
[0040] Debe entenderse sin embargo que el sistema de escape según la presente invención puede no necesitar un disipador de calor, ya que la necesidad de un disipador de calor depende, entre otros, de la composición del segundo catalizador. Un disipador de calor puede no ser necesario si el segundo catalizador es capaz de acomodar las temperaturas de gases de escape en ambos modos de motor por ejemplo. [0040] It should be understood, however, that the exhaust system according to the present invention may not need a heat sink, since the need for a heat sink depends, inter alia, on the composition of the second catalyst. A heat sink may not be necessary if the second catalyst is able to accommodate exhaust gas temperatures in both engine modes for example.
[0041] Ventajosamente, el segundo catalizador rodea el primer catalizador. [0041] Advantageously, the second catalyst surrounds the first catalyst.
[0042] Esto significa que se ocupa menos espacio por el conjunto catalizador como un todo que en el caso en que el primer y segundo catalizadores estuvieran formados por separado entre sí. Esto puede ser ventajoso para asegurar un diseño eficiente del sistema de escape. [0042] This means that less space is occupied by the catalyst assembly as a whole than in the case where the first and second catalysts were formed separately from each other. This can be advantageous to ensure efficient design of the exhaust system.
[0043] El primer y segundo catalizadores pueden unirse juntos por cualquier medio conveniente, pero preferiblemente el primer y segundo catalizadores están soldados entre sí. [0043] The first and second catalysts can be joined together by any convenient means, but preferably the first and second catalysts are welded together.
[0044] El segundo catalizador tiene forma de aro, o rosquilla, y comprende una porción hueca definida dentro del segundo catalizador, que es sustancialmente cilíndrica y tiene un diámetro que es sustancialmente el mismo que o ligeramente mayor que el diámetro del primer catalizador. El primer catalizador puede así ajustarse en la porción hueca del segundo catalizador. El volumen total ocupado por el conjunto catalizador está por ello definido por las dimensiones del segundo catalizador. [0044] The second catalyst is shaped like a ring, or donut, and comprises a hollow portion defined within the second catalyst, which is substantially cylindrical and has a diameter that is substantially the same as or slightly larger than the diameter of the first catalyst. The first catalyst can thus be adjusted in the hollow portion of the second catalyst. The total volume occupied by the catalyst assembly is therefore defined by the dimensions of the second catalyst.
[0045] Ventajosamente, el conjunto catalizador comprende una entrada y una salida. [0045] Advantageously, the catalyst assembly comprises an inlet and an outlet.
[0046] Preferiblemente, la entrada forma parte de, y se extiende desde, el primer catalizador. Convenientemente la salida forma parte de, y se extiende, desde el segundo catalizador. [0046] Preferably, the inlet is part of, and extends from, the first catalyst. Conveniently the outlet is part of, and extends, from the second catalyst.
[0047] La entrada del conjunto catalizador asegura que los gases de escape que entran en el sistema catalizador fluirán inicialmente a través del primer catalizador, y la salida del conjunto catalizador haga que los gases de escape salgan del sistema catalizador tras fluir a través del segundo catalizador. [0047] The inlet of the catalyst assembly ensures that the exhaust gases entering the catalyst system will initially flow through the first catalyst, and the output of the catalyst assembly causes the exhaust gases to exit the catalyst system after flowing through the second catalyst.
[0048] Según un segundo aspecto de la presente invención se proporciona un motor de combustible doble que comprende un sistema de escape según el primer aspecto de la presente invención. [0048] According to a second aspect of the present invention a double fuel engine is provided comprising an exhaust system according to the first aspect of the present invention.
[0049] El sistema de escape que forma parte del motor de combustible doble según el segundo aspecto de la presente invención puede tener una o más de las características ventajosas descritas anteriormente con referencia al sistema de escape según el primer aspecto de la presente invención. [0049] The exhaust system that is part of the double fuel engine according to the second aspect of the present invention may have one or more of the advantageous features described above with reference to the exhaust system according to the first aspect of the present invention.
[0050] Según un tercer aspecto de la presente invención se proporciona un conjunto catalizador para un motor de combustible doble, el conjunto catalizador comprendiendo: [0050] According to a third aspect of the present invention a catalyst assembly for a double fuel engine is provided, the catalyst assembly comprising:
un primer catalizador que comprende un catalizador oxidante de metano; a first catalyst comprising an oxidizing methane catalyst;
un segundo catalizador que comprende un catalizador de reducción catalítica selectiva, el primer catalizador estando posicionado aguas arriba del segundo catalizador; a second catalyst comprising a catalyst of selective catalytic reduction, the first catalyst being positioned upstream of the second catalyst;
una primera guía para guiar gases de escape desde el motor y a través del primer catalizador; y a first guide for guiding exhaust gases from the engine and through the first catalyst; Y
una segunda guía para guiar gases de escape a través del segundo catalizador después de que los gases de escape hayan pasado a través del primer catalizador; a second guide for guiding exhaust gases through the second catalyst after the exhaust gases have passed through the first catalyst;
en el que el conjunto catalizador es sustancialmente cilíndrico el primer y segundo catalizadores son cada uno sustancialmente cilíndricos y son sustancialmente coaxiales, el segundo catalizador teniendo un diámetro transversal que es mayor que el diámetro transversal del primer catalizador, en el que la primera guía comprende un volumen cerrado con una placa deflectora perforada. wherein the catalyst assembly is substantially cylindrical the first and second catalysts are each substantially cylindrical and are substantially coaxial, the second catalyst having a transverse diameter that is larger than the transverse diameter of the first catalyst, in which the first guide comprises a closed volume with a perforated baffle plate.
[0051] El conjunto catalizador según el tercer aspecto de la presente invención puede tener una o más de las características preferidas o ventajosas descritas anteriormente con referencia al sistema de escape según el primer aspecto de la presente invención. [0051] The catalyst assembly according to the third aspect of the present invention may have one or more of the preferred or advantageous features described above with reference to the exhaust system according to the first aspect of the present invention.
[0052] Según un cuarto aspecto de la presente invención se proporciona un método para eliminar óxido de nitrógeno y metano de los gases de escape de un motor de combustible doble que comprende los pasos de: [0052] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for removing nitrogen oxide and methane from the exhaust gases of a double fuel engine comprising the steps of:
guiar los gases de escape desde el motor y dentro de un primer catalizador que forma parte de un conjunto catalizador, utilizando una primera guía que comprende un volumen cerrado que tiene una placa deflectora perforada; guiding the exhaust gases from the engine and into a first catalyst that is part of a catalyst assembly, using a first guide comprising a closed volume having a perforated baffle plate;
pasar los gases de escape a través del primer catalizador, el primer catalizador comprendiendo un catalizador oxidante de metano; passing the exhaust gases through the first catalyst, the first catalyst comprising an oxidizing methane catalyst;
hacer que los gases de escape entren en contacto con un a reactivo; make the exhaust gases come into contact with a reagent;
guiar los gases de escape desde el primer catalizador y dentro de un segundo catalizador, utilizando una segunda guía; y guiding the exhaust gases from the first catalyst and into a second catalyst, using a second guide; Y
pasar los gases de escape a través del segundo catalizador, el segundo catalizador comprendiendo un catalizador de reducción selectiva. passing the exhaust gases through the second catalyst, the second catalyst comprising a selective reduction catalyst.
[0053] La invención será ahora descrita adicionalmente a modo únicamente de ejemplo con referencia a los dibujos acompañantes en los cuales: [0053] The invention will now be further described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
la Figura 1 es una representación esquemática de un conjunto catalizador que forma parte de un sistema de escape según una realización de la presente invención; Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a catalyst assembly that is part of an exhaust system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
la Figura 2 es una representación esquemática en perspectiva del sistema catalizador de la Figura 1; Figure 2 is a schematic perspective representation of the catalyst system of Figure 1;
la Figura 3 es una representación esquemática del sistema catalizador de las Figuras 1 y 2 mostrando la entrada y la salida al sistema catalizador; Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the catalyst system of Figures 1 and 2 showing the entry and exit to the catalyst system;
la Figura 4 es una representación esquemática detallada del sistema catalizador de las Figuras 1 a 3 mostrando el flujo de gases de escape a través del sistema catalizador; Figure 4 is a detailed schematic representation of the catalyst system of Figures 1 to 3 showing the flow of exhaust gases through the catalyst system;
la Figura 5 es una representación esquemática de un sistema de escape para un motor de combustible doble que comprende el conjunto catalizador de las Figuras 1 a 4; Figure 5 is a schematic representation of an exhaust system for a double fuel engine comprising the catalyst assembly of Figures 1 to 4;
las Figuras 6 a 11 son representaciones esquemáticas de realizaciones de inyectores que forman parte del conjunto catalizador de la Figura 1; Figures 6 to 11 are schematic representations of embodiments of injectors that are part of the catalyst assembly of Figure 1;
la Figura 12 es una representación esquemática de un conjunto catalizador según una segunda realización de la presente invención; Figure 12 is a schematic representation of a catalyst assembly according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
la Figura 13 es una representación esquemática de un cono difusor que forma parte del conjunto catalizador de la Figura 12; Figure 13 is a schematic representation of a diffuser cone that is part of the catalyst assembly of Figure 12;
la Figura 14 es una representación transversal del cono difusor de la Figura 13; y Figure 14 is a cross-sectional representation of the diffuser cone of Figure 13; Y
la Figura 15 es una representación esquemática de una parte del conjunto catalizador de la Figura 12 aguas abajo del primer catalizador, y aguas arriba del segundo catalizador. Figure 15 is a schematic representation of a part of the catalyst assembly of Figure 12 downstream of the first catalyst, and upstream of the second catalyst.
[0054] Haciendo referencia a las Figuras 1 a 11, un conjunto catalizador que forma parte de un sistema de escape 10 según una realización del primer aspecto de la presente invención es designado generalmente por la referencia numérica 2. [0054] Referring to Figures 1 to 11, a catalyst assembly that is part of an exhaust system 10 according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention is generally designated by reference numeral 2.
[0055] El conjunto catalizador 2 está posicionado dentro del sistema de escape 10 de un motor de combustión de combustible doble 100. El motor de combustible doble está adaptado para funcionar en uno de dos modos. En un primer modo el motor está adaptado para funcionar con un primer combustible el cual, en este ejemplo, es diesel, y en un segundo modo el motor está adaptado para funcionar predominantemente con un segundo combustible, el cual en este ejemplo es gas natural (metano). [0055] The catalyst assembly 2 is positioned within the exhaust system 10 of a double fuel combustion engine 100. The double fuel engine is adapted to operate in one of two modes. In a first mode the engine is adapted to work with a first fuel which, in this example, is diesel, and in a second mode the engine is adapted to run predominantly with a second fuel, which in this example is natural gas ( methane).
[0056] El sistema de escape comprende una entrada 30 y salida 32. En esta realización la salida del sistema de escape comprende un tubo de escape 34. [0056] The exhaust system comprises an inlet 30 and outlet 32. In this embodiment the outlet of the exhaust system comprises an exhaust pipe 34.
[0057] El sistema catalizador 2 comprende un primer catalizador 4 que comprende un catalizador oxidante de metano, y un segundo catalizador que comprende un catalizador 6 de reducción catalítica selectiva (RCS). [0057] The catalyst system 2 comprises a first catalyst 4 comprising an oxidizing methane catalyst, and a second catalyst comprising a catalyst 6 of selective catalytic reduction (RCS).
[0058] En la realización ilustrada, el segundo catalizador 6 rodea al primer catalizador 4. Esto reduce la cantidad de espacio necesario dentro del sistema de escape para alojar los dos catalizadores. En una realización alternativa (no mostrada), los catalizadores 4, 6 pueden estar separados entre sí con el catalizador oxidante 4 estando posicionado aguas arriba del catalizador RCS 6 dentro del sistema de escape 10. [0058] In the illustrated embodiment, the second catalyst 6 surrounds the first catalyst 4. This reduces the amount of space needed within the exhaust system to house the two catalysts. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the catalysts 4, 6 may be separated from each other with the oxidizing catalyst 4 being positioned upstream of the RCS catalyst 6 within the exhaust system 10.
[0059] El conjunto catalizador 2 es sustancialmente de forma cilíndrica, y los catalizadores 4, 6 son cada uno sustancialmente de forma cilíndrica y son coaxiales entre sí. El segundo catalizador 6 comprende una parte central hueca sustancialmente cilíndrica 8 con básicamente las mismas o ligeramente mayores dimensiones que las del catalizador 4. El segundo catalizador 6 está así adaptado para recibir al primer catalizador 4 dentro de la parte central hueca 8. Los catalizadores 4, 6 pueden unirse juntos por cualquier medio conveniente y en la realización ilustrada los catalizadores 4, 6 se sueldan juntos. Además, en esta realización cada catalizador 4, 6 está formado de dos partes 4a, 4b y 6a, 6b respectivamente. Las partes 4a, 4b y 6a, 6b se sueldan juntas. [0059] The catalyst assembly 2 is substantially cylindrical in shape, and the catalysts 4, 6 are each substantially cylindrical in shape and are coaxial with each other. The second catalyst 6 comprises a substantially cylindrical hollow central part 8 with basically the same or slightly larger dimensions than the catalyst 4. The second catalyst 6 is thus adapted to receive the first catalyst 4 within the hollow central part 8. The catalysts 4 , 6 can be joined together by any convenient means and in the illustrated embodiment the catalysts 4, 6 are welded together. In addition, in this embodiment each catalyst 4, 6 is formed of two parts 4a, 4b and 6a, 6b respectively. Parts 4a, 4b and 6a, 6b are welded together.
[0060] El sistema de escape 10 comprende además una primera guía 12 para guiar los gases de escape que entran al sistema de escape 10 de modo que los gases pasen inicialmente a través del primer catalizador 4, pero no del segundo catalizador 6. En esta realización la primera guía 12 comprende un conducto 12a que define un volumen cerrado, y una placa deflectora perforada 12b que se extiende por una cara 40 del primer catalizador. Tal disposición ayuda a asegurar la distribución homogénea de los gases de escape por la cara 40 del primer catalizador 4. [0060] The exhaust system 10 further comprises a first guide 12 for guiding the exhaust gases entering the exhaust system 10 so that the gases initially pass through the first catalyst 4, but not the second catalyst 6. In this Embodiment the first guide 12 comprises a conduit 12a defining a closed volume, and a perforated baffle plate 12b extending along a face 40 of the first catalyst. Such an arrangement helps ensure the homogeneous distribution of the exhaust gases on the face 40 of the first catalyst 4.
[0061] El primer catalizador 4 está posicionado aguas arriba del segundo catalizador 6. El sistema de escape 10 comprende además segundas guías 14, 15 posicionadas aguas abajo del primer catalizador 4 y aguas arriba del segundo catalizador para guiar gases de escape que han pasado por el primer catalizador 4 a través del segundo catalizador 6. [0061] The first catalyst 4 is positioned upstream of the second catalyst 6. The exhaust system 10 further comprises second guides 14, 15 positioned downstream of the first catalyst 4 and upstream of the second catalyst to guide exhaust gases that have passed through the first catalyst 4 through the second catalyst 6.
[0062] Las segundas guías pueden ser en forma de guías curvadas o placas deflectoras 14 que ayudan a dirigir el flujo de los gases de escape sobre una cara 60 del segundo catalizador 6. El sistema catalizador comprende una segunda guía adicional 15 en forma de una pared o barrera que se extiende más allá de la cara 60 (en dirección aguas abajo) del segundo catalizador 6. La pared puede por ejemplo, ser una extensión de una carcasa externa que rodea el primer catalizador 4. La pared ayuda a impedir corrientes de recirculación de gases de escape en esta región y por tanto ayuda a evitar que vuelvan a entrar gases de escape en el primer catalizador 4 una vez que los gases han emergido del primer catalizador 4. [0062] The second guides can be in the form of curved guides or baffle plates 14 that help direct the flow of the exhaust gases on a face 60 of the second catalyst 6. The catalyst system comprises an additional second guide 15 in the form of a wall or barrier extending beyond the face 60 (downstream direction) of the second catalyst 6. The wall may, for example, be an extension of an outer shell surrounding the first catalyst 4. The wall helps prevent currents of recirculation of exhaust gases in this region and therefore helps prevent exhaust gases from re-entering the first catalyst 4 once the gases have emerged from the first catalyst 4.
[0063] El sistema catalizador comprende además una entrada 20 unida a y extendiéndose desde el primer catalizador 4 y una salida 22 unida a, y extendiéndose desde el segundo catalizador. La primera guía 12 está adaptada para guiar gases de escape que entran al sistema de escape 10 en la entrada 20 de modo que los gases pasen inicialmente a través del primer catalizador 4. [0063] The catalyst system further comprises an inlet 20 connected to and extending from the first catalyst 4 and an outlet 22 attached to, and extending from the second catalyst. The first guide 12 is adapted to guide exhaust gases entering the exhaust system 10 at the inlet 20 so that the gases initially pass through the first catalyst 4.
[0064] Cuando los gases han sido después guiados por las segundas guías 14, 15 a través del segundo catalizador 6, los gases emergen por la salida 22 y dejan el sistema de escape por un tubo de escape 34. El tubo de escape 34 puede estar localizado en cualquier posición conveniente aguas abajo del segundo catalizador 6. [0064] When the gases have then been guided by the second guides 14, 15 through the second catalyst 6, the gases emerge through the outlet 22 and leave the exhaust system through an exhaust pipe 34. The exhaust pipe 34 can be located in any convenient position downstream of the second catalyst 6.
[0065] La caída de presión por cada catalizador 4, 6 impide el retroceso del flujo a través del conjunto catalizador 2 y ayuda a asegurar que los gases sigan la trayectoria guiada a través del sistema de escape ilustrado por las flechas en la Figura 4. [0065] The pressure drop for each catalyst 4, 6 prevents the flow back through the catalyst assembly 2 and helps ensure that the gases follow the guided path through the exhaust system illustrated by the arrows in Figure 4.
[0066] La presión de gas entrando en el sistema catalizador en la entrada 20 puede normalmente estar en la región de 10kPa a 25kPa, y la presión de los gases de escape saliendo del sistema catalizador por la salida 22 puede ser aproximadamente atmosférica. [0066] The gas pressure entering the catalyst system at the inlet 20 may normally be in the region of 10kPa to 25kPa, and the pressure of the exhaust gases leaving the catalyst system through the outlet 22 may be approximately atmospheric.
[0067] El sistema de escape comprende además un inyector 16 posicionado aguas abajo del primer catalizador 4 y aguas arriba del segundo catalizador 6. El catalizador 6 y el inyector 16 forman juntos un sistema RCS 200. [0067] The exhaust system further comprises an injector 16 positioned downstream of the first catalyst 4 and upstream of the second catalyst 6. The catalyst 6 and the injector 16 together form an RCS 200 system.
[0068] El inyector 16 puede tomar cualquier forma adecuada, y el conjunto catalizador puede comprender más de un inyector. [0068] Injector 16 may take any suitable form, and the catalyst assembly may comprise more than one injector.
[0069] El inyector está adaptado para pulverizar urea sustancialmente dentro del volumen indicado por la referencia numérica 38 cuyo volumen está posicionado aguas abajo del primer catalizador y aguas arriba del segundo catalizador. [0069] The injector is adapted to spray urea substantially within the volume indicated by reference numeral 38 whose volume is positioned downstream of the first catalyst and upstream of the second catalyst.
[0070] Las Figuras 6 a 11 muestran diferentes disposiciones del inyector que son adecuadas para inyectar urea en el conjunto catalizador de la Figura 1. En las Figuras 6 y 7, el inyector 16 comprende un pulverizador adaptado para pulverizar urea dentro de gases de escape que fluyen desde el primer catalizador 4 al segundo catalizador 6 de modo que el flujo de urea se mezcle con el flujo de gases de escape. [0070] Figures 6 to 11 show different arrangements of the injector that are suitable for injecting urea into the catalyst assembly of Figure 1. In Figures 6 and 7, the injector 16 comprises a sprayer adapted to spray urea into exhaust gases flowing from the first catalyst 4 to the second catalyst 6 so that the urea flow is mixed with the exhaust gas flow.
[0071] En la Figura 8 el inyector 16 comprende un anillo anular que está adaptado para pulverizar urea en sustancialmente la misma dirección de flujo que la dirección de flujo de los gases de escape para asegurar una mezcla óptima. [0071] In Figure 8 the injector 16 comprises an annular ring that is adapted to spray urea in substantially the same flow direction as the flow direction of the exhaust gases to ensure optimum mixing.
[0072] En la Figura 9, el inyector 16 comprende un tubo 17 que se extiende a través del primer catalizador 4 cuyo tubo está adaptado para pulverizar urea fuera del tubo. El inyector 16 inyecta urea en el tubo 17. Un pequeño porcentaje de gases de escape que entran en la entrada 20 es sangrado a través del tubo 17 a fin de que la urea sea llevada por este pequeño porcentaje de gases de escape adentro del volumen 38. [0072] In Figure 9, the injector 16 comprises a tube 17 that extends through the first catalyst 4 whose tube is adapted to spray urea out of the tube. The injector 16 injects urea into the tube 17. A small percentage of exhaust gases entering the inlet 20 is bleeding through the tube 17 so that the urea is carried by this small percentage of exhaust gases into the volume 38 .
[0073] En la Figura 10, el inyector 16 comprende un anillo pulverizador anular parecido al mostrado en la Figura 8 que está adaptado para pulverizar urea de modo que se mezcle con el flujo de los gases de escape. [0073] In Figure 10, the injector 16 comprises an annular spray ring similar to that shown in Figure 8 that is adapted to spray urea so as to mix with the flow of the exhaust gases.
[0074] En la Figura 11, el inyector se extiende a través del primer catalizador 4. [0074] In Figure 11, the injector extends through the first catalyst 4.
[0075] Los gases que entran en el sistema de escape 10 inicialmente pasarán a través del primer catalizador 4. Cuando el motor de combustible doble está funcionando en el segundo modo en el que es alimentado principalmente por metano, los gases de escape tendrán una temperatura en la región de 600°C la cual está por encima de la temperatura de encendido del catalizador oxidante de metano. Esto significa que cualquier metano no quemado es capaz de reaccionar con oxígeno en el sistema de escape a fin de producir dióxido de carbono y agua. [0075] The gases entering the exhaust system 10 will initially pass through the first catalyst 4. When the double fuel engine is running in the second mode in which it is fed primarily by methane, the exhaust gases will have a temperature in the region of 600 ° C which is above the ignition temperature of the methane oxidizing catalyst. This means that any unburned methane is able to react with oxygen in the exhaust system in order to produce carbon dioxide and water.
[0076] Cuando el motor está funcionando en el primer modo en el que es alimentado predominantemente o totalmente por diesel, los gases simplemente pasarán a través del primer catalizador 4 pero no tendrá lugar ninguna reacción.. [0076] When the engine is running in the first mode in which it is fed predominantly or entirely by diesel, the gases will simply pass through the first catalyst 4 but no reaction will take place.
[0077] Al abandonar el primer catalizador 4, los gases de escape entrarán en el volumen 38 y pasarán por el inyector 16 donde los gases serán pulverizados con urea. Los gases entonces serán guiados por las segundas guías 14, 15 al segundo catalizador 6. El segundo catalizador 6 permite que los gases de escape reaccionen con la urea a fin de convertir NOx a nitrógeno y agua. [0077] Upon leaving the first catalyst 4, the exhaust gases will enter volume 38 and pass through the injector 16 where the gases will be sprayed with urea. The gases will then be guided by the second guides 14, 15 to the second catalyst 6. The second catalyst 6 allows the exhaust gases to react with the urea in order to convert NOx to nitrogen and water.
[0078] Cuando el motor esté funcionando en el segundo modo, estará aún presente NOx en los gases de escape y por tanto los gases experimentarán la reacción descrita anteriormente con referencia al primer modo también cuando el motor esté funcionando en el segundo modo. [0078] When the engine is running in the second mode, NOx will still be present in the exhaust gases and therefore the gases will experience the reaction described above with reference to the first mode also when the engine is running in the second mode.
[0079] Con el fin de asegurar que lo gases pasando a través del segundo catalizador 6, estén a una temperatura apropiada, el sistema motor puede además comprender un disipador de calor 18 adaptado para reducir la temperatura de gases que emergen del primer catalizador 4 antes de entrar en el segundo catalizador. Esto asegura que los gases que fluyen a través del segundo catalizador 6 lo atraviesen a una temperatura apropiada. El disipador de calor se posiciona preferiblemente aguas abajo del primer catalizador 4, y aguas arriba del segundo catalizador 6. [0079] In order to ensure that the gases passing through the second catalyst 6 are at an appropriate temperature, the motor system may further comprise a heat sink 18 adapted to reduce the temperature of gases emerging from the first catalyst 4 before of entering the second catalyst. This ensures that the gases flowing through the second catalyst 6 pass through it at an appropriate temperature. The heat sink is preferably positioned downstream of the first catalyst 4, and upstream of the second catalyst 6.
[0080] Haciendo referencia ahora a las Figuras 12 a 15 un conjunto catalizador según una segunda realización de la presente invención se designa generalmente por la referencia numérica 120. Partes del sistema catalizador 120 que corresponden a partes del sistema catalizador 2 han recibido referencias numéricas correspondientes para facilidad de referencia. [0080] Referring now to Figures 12 to 15, a catalyst assembly according to a second embodiment of the present invention is generally designated by reference numeral 120. Parts of catalyst system 120 corresponding to parts of catalyst system 2 have received corresponding numerical references for ease of reference.
[0081] El conjunto catalizador 120 es adecuado para formar parte del sistema de escape 10 descrito anteriormente. [0081] The catalyst assembly 120 is suitable to be part of the exhaust system 10 described above.
[0082] En esta realización de la invención, la entrada 20 del sistema catalizador 120 comprende un cono difusor [0082] In this embodiment of the invention, the inlet 20 of the catalyst system 120 comprises a diffuser cone
122. El cono difusor 122 guía los gases de escape que entran en el sistema de escape 10 de modo que los gases se extienden para incrementar el área de cara de flujo sobre el primer catalizador 4. 122. The diffuser cone 122 guides the exhaust gases entering the exhaust system 10 so that the gases extend to increase the flow face area on the first catalyst 4.
[0083] El cono difusor 122 comprende una pluralidad de secciones cónicas 124 como se muestra particularmente en la Figura 14. Las secciones cónicas 124 están posicionadas de forma que estén sustancialmente concéntricas entre sí y estén unidas a la entrada 20 del sistema catalizador 120, como se muestra particularmente en la Figura 12. Cada una de las secciones cónicas 124 puede tener un perfil cónico, y está angulada a fin de dar una distribución de flujo deseada por el primer catalizador 4. [0083] The diffuser cone 122 comprises a plurality of conical sections 124 as shown particularly in Figure 14. The conical sections 124 are positioned so that they are substantially concentric with each other and are connected to the inlet 20 of the catalyst system 120, such as It is shown particularly in Figure 12. Each of the conical sections 124 may have a conical profile, and is angled so as to give a desired flow distribution by the first catalyst 4.
[0084] Los ángulos de las secciones cónicas pueden calcularse utilizando una relación de la sección transversal de la entrada 20 a la sección transversal de la cara 5 del catalizador 4, junto con la distancia entre el tubo de entrada 20 y la cara 5. [0084] The angles of the conical sections can be calculated using a ratio of the cross section of the inlet 20 to the cross section of the face 5 of the catalyst 4, together with the distance between the inlet tube 20 and the face 5.
[0085] Las secciones en cono pueden ser curvadas en lugar de cónicas, dependiendo del espacio disponible. [0085] Cone sections can be curved instead of conical, depending on the available space.
[0086] A medida que los gases de escape fluyen a través de la entrada 20 y dentro del cono difusor 122, el flujo de gases de escape se divide, o se parte, por las secciones cónicas 124 y es guiado a zonas apropiadas de la cara 5 del primer catalizador 4 a fin de que se utilice sustancialmente todo el área catalítica del primer catalizador 4. [0086] As the exhaust gases flow through the inlet 20 and into the diffuser cone 122, the flow of exhaust gases is divided, or split, by the conical sections 124 and is guided to appropriate areas of the face 5 of the first catalyst 4 so that substantially the entire catalytic area of the first catalyst 4 is used.
[0087] Las dimensiones, formas y ángulos de las secciones cónicas 124 pueden por tanto diseñarse para reducir la distribución de flujo deseada. [0087] The dimensions, shapes and angles of conical sections 124 can therefore be designed to reduce the desired flow distribution.
[0088] En esta realización, por tanto, la primera guía 12 comprende el cono difusor 122. El cono difusor 122 reemplaza así a la placa deflectora perforada 12b ilustrada en la Figura 4, aunque en otras realizaciones, la primera guía 12 podría comprender un cono difusor 122 y una placa deflectora perforada 12b. [0088] In this embodiment, therefore, the first guide 12 comprises the diffuser cone 122. The diffuser cone 122 thus replaces the perforated baffle plate 12b illustrated in Figure 4, although in other embodiments, the first guide 12 could comprise a diffuser cone 122 and a perforated baffle plate 12b.
[0089] Volviendo ahora a la Figura 15 se ilustra en más detalle una parte del sistema de escape 10 posicionado aguas abajo del primer catalizador 4 y aguas arriba del segundo catalizador 6. [0089] Turning now to Figure 15, a part of the exhaust system 10 positioned downstream of the first catalyst 4 and upstream of the second catalyst 6 is illustrated in more detail.
[0090] En esta realización las segundas guías son en forma de una placa alargada 126. La placa alargada 126 comprende un tubo que se extiende desde el primer catalizador 4. La placa alargada 126 guía los gases de escape hacia el inyector 16. [0090] In this embodiment the second guides are in the form of an elongated plate 126. The elongated plate 126 comprises a tube extending from the first catalyst 4. The elongated plate 126 guides the exhaust gases towards the injector 16.
[0091] La segunda guía comprende además una placa deflectora anular 128, y la placa alargada 126 se extiende desde el primer catalizador 4 a la placa deflectora anular 128. La placa deflectora anular está perforada y ayuda a asegurar que un flujo uniforme de gases entre en el área de cara del segundo catalizador 6. [0091] The second guide further comprises an annular baffle plate 128, and the elongate plate 126 extends from the first catalyst 4 to the annular baffle plate 128. The annular baffle plate is perforated and helps ensure that a uniform flow of gases between in the face area of the second catalyst 6.
[0092] La segunda guía comprende además una sección de tubo perforado 130 que se extiende desde la placa alargada 126 al extremo del sistema de escape 10. [0092] The second guide further comprises a perforated tube section 130 extending from the elongated plate 126 to the end of the exhaust system 10.
[0093] La sección de tubo perforado 130 crea una región parcialmente contenida creada por una ligera caída de presión a través de la perforación. Esta caída de presión reduce la velocidad de flujo y proporciona eficazmente un mayor tiempo de residencia de la urea dentro del volumen 38, lo cual ayuda a redistribuir la urea pulverizada, y hace progresar las reacciones de termólísis para producir amoníaco. Esto proporciona un proceso mejorado de mezcla y atomización cuando la urea es inyectada por el inyector 16. [0093] The perforated tube section 130 creates a partially contained region created by a slight pressure drop through the perforation. This pressure drop reduces the flow rate and effectively provides a longer residence time of the urea within volume 38, which helps to redistribute the powdered urea, and makes thermolysis reactions progress to produce ammonia. This provides an improved mixing and atomization process when the urea is injected by the injector 16.
Claims (10)
- 2. 2.
- Un conjunto catalizador según la Reivindicación1 en donde el segundo catalizador rodea al primer catalizador. A catalyst assembly according to Claim 1 wherein the second catalyst surrounds the first catalyst.
- 3. 3.
- Un sistema de escape (10) para un motor de combustible doble (100) que comprende un conjunto catalizador según la Reivindicación 1 o la Reivindicación 2. An exhaust system (10) for a double fuel engine (100) comprising a catalyst assembly according to Claim 1 or Claim 2.
- 4. Four.
- Un sistema de escape según la Reivindicación 3 que comprende además un inyector (16) para inyectar urea dentro del sistema de escape, el inyector estando posicionado entre el primer y segundo catalizadores. An exhaust system according to Claim 3 further comprising an injector (16) for injecting urea into the exhaust system, the injector being positioned between the first and second catalysts.
- 5. 5.
- Un sistema de escape según la Reivindicación 3 o la Reivindicación 4 que comprende además un disipador de calor (18) posicionado aguas abajo del primer catalizador y aguas arriba del segundo catalizador. An exhaust system according to Claim 3 or Claim 4 further comprising a heat sink (18) positioned downstream of the first catalyst and upstream of the second catalyst.
- 6. 6.
- Un sistema de escape según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 3 a 5 en donde el conjunto catalizador comprende una entrada (30) y una salida (22). An exhaust system according to any one of claims 3 to 5 wherein the catalyst assembly comprises an inlet (30) and an outlet (22).
- 7. 7.
- Un sistema de escape según la Reivindicación 6 en donde la entrada (20) forma parte de, y se extiende desde, el primer catalizador (4). An exhaust system according to Claim 6 wherein the inlet (20) is part of, and extends from, the first catalyst (4).
- 8. 8.
- Un sistema de escape según la Reivindicación 6 o la Reivindicación 7 en donde la salida (22) forma parte de, y se extiende desde, el segundo catalizador (6). An exhaust system according to Claim 6 or Claim 7 wherein the outlet (22) is part of, and extends from, the second catalyst (6).
- 9. 9.
- Un motor de combustible doble (100) que comprende un sistema de escape (10) según cualquiera de las Reivindicaciones 3 a 8. A double fuel engine (100) comprising an exhaust system (10) according to any one of Claims 3 to 8.
- 10. 10.
- Un método para eliminar óxido de nitrógeno y metano de gases de escape de un motor de combustible doble A method to remove nitrogen oxide and methane from exhaust gases from a double fuel engine
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GBGB0721528.8A GB0721528D0 (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2007-11-02 | Exhaust system |
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GB0806497.4A GB2454276B (en) | 2007-11-02 | 2008-04-10 | Exhaust system |
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-
2007
- 2007-11-02 GB GBGB0721528.8A patent/GB0721528D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2008
- 2008-04-10 GB GB0806497.4A patent/GB2454276B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-03 WO PCT/GB2008/003709 patent/WO2009056860A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-11-03 CA CA2704478A patent/CA2704478A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-11-03 AU AU2008320578A patent/AU2008320578B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-11-03 US US12/740,779 patent/US8938945B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-11-03 ES ES08843417T patent/ES2395148T3/en active Active
- 2008-11-03 EP EP08843417A patent/EP2215336B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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AU2008320578A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
EP2215336A1 (en) | 2010-08-11 |
US20100263352A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
EP2215336B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
GB2454276B (en) | 2012-12-05 |
US8938945B2 (en) | 2015-01-27 |
WO2009056860A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
GB2454276A (en) | 2009-05-06 |
GB0721528D0 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
AU2008320578B2 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
GB0806497D0 (en) | 2008-05-14 |
CA2704478A1 (en) | 2009-05-07 |
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