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ES2383620T3 - Prótesis valvular extensible con mecanismo de sellado - Google Patents

Prótesis valvular extensible con mecanismo de sellado Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2383620T3
ES2383620T3 ES08165227T ES08165227T ES2383620T3 ES 2383620 T3 ES2383620 T3 ES 2383620T3 ES 08165227 T ES08165227 T ES 08165227T ES 08165227 T ES08165227 T ES 08165227T ES 2383620 T3 ES2383620 T3 ES 2383620T3
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Spain
Prior art keywords
prosthesis
valve
sealing element
extensible
sealing
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Rakesh M. Suri
Andrew W. Ziarno
Eric Manasse
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Sorin Biomedica Cardio SpA
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
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Sorin Biomedica Cardio SpA
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2412Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
    • A61F2/2418Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/005Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements using adhesives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2230/00Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0002Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
    • A61F2230/0028Shapes in the form of latin or greek characters
    • A61F2230/0054V-shaped
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0069Sealing means

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

Una prótesis valvular cardiaca extensible (10) que comprende: al menos un elemento (100, 110) de sellado, estando dimensionado el elemento (100, 110) de sellado para proporcionar un sello entre las valvas nativas estenóticas y la prótesis (10) para evitar las fugas paravalvulares, en la cual el al menos un elemento (100, 110) de sellado comprende al menos una faldilla (100) de sellado situada por encima de una faldilla inferior (110), estando la faldilla inferior (110) suturada a la prótesis (10) y la faldilla (100) de sellado únicamente suturada a una articulación (120), estando situada dicha articulación (120) en una unión de un anillo de entrada de flujo de dicha prótesis valvular cardiaca extensible (10) y el seno de Valsalva, estando configurada dicha faldilla inferior (110) para proporcionar un sello en el anillo fibroso, y en la cual dicha faldilla (100) de sellado está configurada para proporcionar una fuga perivalvular minimizada en una zona anular e infraanular.

Description

Prótesis valvular extensible con mecanismo de sellado
Campo Técnico
La presente invención se refiere a instrumentos para posicionar in situ dispositivos implantables. En particular, la invención se refiere a un mecanismo de sellado para válvulas cardiacas protésicas extensibles para evitar las fugas perivalvulares. Las prótesis valvulares cardiacas que comprenden un mecanismo de sellado son conocidas, p. ej. por los documentos US 2006/195184 A1, WO 2006/086135 A y US-A-4.477.930.
En particular, el documento US 2006/195184 A1 da a conocer una prótesis valvular cardiaca extensible que comprende un anillo de sutura, un anillo extensible para su anclaje en un anillo fibroso biológico y un elemento de barba para mejorar el posicionamiento y sellado contra el tejido que rodea el espacio subanular.
Antecedentes
Las válvulas cardiacas naturales, tales como las válvulas aórticas, las válvulas mitrales, las válvulas pulmonares, y las válvulas tricúspides, a menudo se dañan debido a una enfermedad de manera que no pueden mantener el flujo de fluido corporal en una única dirección. Un válvula cardiaca en mal funcionamiento puede ser estenótica (es decir, la calcificación de las valvas) o regurgitante (es decir, las valvas están completamente abiertas). El mantenimiento del flujo sanguíneo en una única dirección a través de la válvula cardiaca es importante para un flujo, presión, y perfusión apropiados de la sangre a través del cuerpo. Por lo tanto, una válvula cardiaca que no funciona apropiadamente puede perjudicar el funcionamiento del corazón. En caso de no tratarse, la enfermedad valvular coronaria puede llevar a la muerte.
Recientemente, se ha producido una creciente consideración acerca de la posibilidad de utilizar, como modo alternativo a las prótesis valvulares cardiacas, unas válvulas diseñadas para ser implantadas utilizando técnicas quirúrgicas mínimamente invasivas o instalación endovascular (denominadas “válvulas percutáneas”). La implantación de una válvula percutánea (o implantación utilizando técnicas de microcirugía torácica) es un acto mucho menos invasivo que la operación quirúrgica requerida para implantar las prótesis valvulares cardiacas tradicionales. Al implantar una prótesis valvular cardiaca, es importante asegurar que se cree un sello hermético a la sangre entre la prótesis y el anillo fibroso para minimizar o eliminar las fugas perivalvulares.
Sumario
La invención se refiere a una prótesis valvular cardiaca de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones. Adicionalmente se da a conocer una prótesis valvular extensible que incluye: al menos un elemento de sellado, estando adaptado el elemento de sellado para proporcionar un sellado entre la prótesis extensible y una superficie interior de un anillo fibroso, estando adaptado el elemento de sellado para adaptarse a la superficie interior del anillo fibroso al suministrar la prótesis.
Adicionalmente se da a conocer un procedimiento para reemplazar una válvula cardiaca nativa enferma e incluye suministrar al menos una porción de una prótesis valvular cardiaca extensible sobre una calcificación de una valva nativa, y adaptar la porción a los contornos de la calcificación.
La divulgación proporciona adicionalmente un kit para reemplazar una válvula cardiaca enferma. El kit incluye una prótesis valvular cardiaca extensible, un sello dimensionado para restringir el flujo sanguíneo entre la prótesis valvular cardiaca y una superficie interior del anillo fibroso, y un sistema de suministro para desplegar la prótesis valvular cardiaca extensible.
De acuerdo con una realización de la presente invención, una prótesis valvular cardiaca extensible puede incluir una o más porciones configuradas para crear un sello entre la prótesis y al menos dos valvas cardiacas al suministrar la prótesis valvular cardiaca.
Adicionalmente, se da a conocer un procedimiento para reemplazar una válvula cardiaca nativa enferma. De acuerdo con esta realización, el procedimiento incluye crear una abertura de origen artificial en una válvula cardiaca mediante la extirpación de una o más valvas cardiacas o porciones de las mismas, suministrar una prótesis valvular cardiaca extensible, y sellar cualquier porción restante al menos entre dos valvas cardiacas y el anillo fibroso para evitar un flujo sanguíneo no deseado fuera de la prótesis. Al menos una porción de la prótesis es situada en la abertura.
De acuerdo con otra realización, la presente invención es una prótesis valvular cardiaca extensible que comprende una o más porciones de la misma configuradas para crear un sello entre la prótesis y al menos dos valvas cardiacas cuando se coloca la prótesis, estando formado el sello de manera que el mismo no produzca un aumento
de volumen.
Aunque se dan a conocer múltiples realizaciones, otras realizaciones de la presente invención se harán aparentes para los expertos en la técnica a partir de la siguiente descripción, que muestra y describe realizaciones ilustrativas de la invención. Por consiguiente, la naturaleza de los dibujos y de la descripción detallada debe considerarse ilustrativa y no restrictiva.
Breve descripción de los dibujos
La FIG. 1 es una vista seccionada de un corazón humano que muestra las válvulas pulmonar, aórtica, y mitral.
Las FIGS. 2A-2C son unas vistas en perspectiva de una válvula cardiaca prostética extensible que incluye uno o más elementos de sellado de acuerdo con unos ejemplos no cubiertos por las reivindicaciones.
La FIG. 3 es una vista seccionada de un elemento de sellado de acuerdo con otro ejemplo.
Las FIGS. 4A y 4B son unas vistas esquemáticas que muestran el suministro de una válvula cardiaca prostética extensible que incluye un elemento de sellado.
La FIG. 5 es una vista esquemática que muestra una válvula prostética extensible en una zona de implantación de acuerdo con una realización de la presente invención.
Aunque la invención es susceptible de diversas modificaciones y formas alternativas, las realizaciones específicas se han mostrado a modo de ejemplo en los dibujos y están descritas en detalle a continuación. Sin embargo, la intención no es limitar la invención a las realizaciones particulares descritas. Por el contrario, la invención pretende cubrir todas las modificaciones, equivalencias, y alternativas que caigan dentro del alcance de la invención según lo definido por las reivindicaciones adjuntas.
Descripción detallada
La FIG. 1 es una vista en sección de un corazón humano 6 con una válvula cardiaca prostética extensible 10 implantada dentro de, o adyacente a, una válvula aórtica 16. La ruta natural de flujo a través del corazón 6 comienza desde las venas cavas 20 inferior y superior hasta una aurícula derecha 24 y a través de una válvula tricúspide 28 para facilitar el flujo sanguíneo desde la aurícula derecha 24 hasta el ventrículo derecho 32. Una válvula pulmonar 36 facilita el flujo sanguíneo desde el ventrículo derecho 32 hasta las arterias pulmonares 40. Luego los pulmones oxigenan la sangre, que regresa al corazón a través de las venas pulmonares 44. Luego una válvula mitral 48 facilita el flujo sanguíneo desde una aurícula izquierda 52 hasta un ventrículo izquierdo 56. La válvula aórtica 16 facilita el flujo sanguíneo desde el ventrículo izquierdo 56 hasta una aorta 60 para la perfusión de la sangre oxigenada a través del cuerpo periférico, tal como muestra la válvula cardiaca 10 implantada. Se muestran también los senos de Valsalva. Tal como los expertos en la técnica podrán apreciar, en un corazón normal los senos de Valsalva son tres, y están distribuidos aproximadamente de manera angularmente uniforme alrededor de la raíz de la arteria distal a la válvula semilunar (es decir, la válvula aórtica o pulmonar).
La válvula cardiaca prostética extensible 10 es adecuada para su suministro dentro de, o adyacente a, una zona intraluminal con válvulas. La zona intraluminal con válvulas incluye los anillos fibrosos de la válvula aorta 16, la válvula tricúspide 28, la válvula pulmonar 36, y la válvula mitral 48 del corazón 6. Sin embargo podrá apreciarse que la presente invención puede ser aplicada a otras zonas intraluminales con válvulas que no sean del corazón. Por ejemplo, la presente invención también puede ser aplicada a válvulas venosas. La zona intraluminal con válvulas típicamente incluye irregularidades superficiales en la superficie interior del anillo fibroso. Por ejemplo, depósitos de calcio pueden estar presentes en las valvas (p. ej., en valvas estenóticas). Otro ejemplo incluye una valva que no fue completamente extirpada, dejando un trozo. Estas irregularidades superficiales, sea cual sea su causa subyacente, pueden dificultar en las válvulas protésicas convencionales la formación de un sello estanco a la sangre entre la válvula prostética y la superficie interior del anillo fibroso, creando fugas no deseadas en la zona de implantación.
Típicamente, el anillo fibroso incluye dos o más valvas. Ocasionalmente, puede ser deseable o necesario utilizar un dispositivo de extirpación de válvulas o una herramienta similar, para crear una abertura artificial en el anillo fibroso mediante la eliminación de la totalidad, o una porción, de una o más valvas. Por lo tanto, el término “anillo fibroso” incluye la superficie interior de la válvula (natural o artificial) y, en caso de ser apropiado, incluye las valvas y cualquier depósito formado sobre el anillo fibroso que incluye las valvas.
De acuerdo con una realización de la presente invención, la prótesis valvular extensible 10 es auto extensible, y puede ser una válvula tanto con stent como sin stent, como las conocidas por los expertos en la técnica. Al expandirse, la prótesis valvular autoextensible 10 es constreñida radialmente por la geometría interior de la zona intraluminal. La prótesis extensible 10 ejerce suficiente fuerza de expansión radial sobre la superficie interior del
anillo fibroso para asegurar y estabilizar la prótesis en la zona intraluminal. La prótesis valvular autoextensible puede ser colocada en la zona intraluminal situando la prótesis valvular 10 dentro de un catéter o funda de suministro y retirando la funda en la zona intraluminal. De acuerdo con una realización alternativa de la presente invención, la válvula cardiaca prostética 10 puede ser un balón extensible.
Las FIGS. 2A-2C son vistas en perspectiva de una válvula cardiaca prostética extensible 10 de acuerdo con diversos ejemplos dados a conocer. La FIG. 3 es una vista en sección superior de una válvula cardiaca prostética extensible 10 implantada dentro de la válvula aórtica 16. En la Publicación Estadounidense 2006/0178740 y la Publicación Estadounidense 2005/-0197695 se muestran y describen válvulas cardiacas protésicas extensibles.
Tal como se muestra en las FIGS. 2A y 2B, las válvulas protésicas extensibles 10 típicamente incluyen una armadura 64, que puede soportar y fijar la prótesis valvular 10 en la posición de implantación. De acuerdo con una realización, tal como se muestra en la FIG. 2A, la armadura 64 incluye una estructura anular 66 y unos elementos 68a y 68b de anclaje. La estructura anular 66 de la armadura 64 está diseñada para ser situada corriente arriba de los senos de Valsalva y la válvula protésica. Los elementos 68a y 68b de anclaje son generalmente arqueados, proyectándose hacia el exterior de la prótesis 10. Cuando son expandidos en una zona intraluminal, los elementos 68a y 68b de anclaje se expanden para asegurar un anclaje firme en los senos de Valsalva. Alternativamente, la válvula prostética incluye una armadura 64 de tipo stent, tal como se muestra en la FIG. 2B. De acuerdo con otra realización más de la presente invención, la válvula prostética 10 puede ser una válvula sin stent, autoextensible, tal como se muestra en la FIG. 2C.
La válvula prostética 10 también incluye unos elementos 69a, 69b, y 69c, generalmente en la forma de valvas o aletas, que están conectados de manera estable a la estructura de anclaje y pueden regular el flujo sanguíneo.
Tal como se muestra en las FIGS. 2A-2C la válvula cardiaca prostética 10 incluye al menos un elemento 70 de sellado. El/los elemento/s 70 de sellado está/n sujeto/s por un adhesivo u otro medio de sujeción al exterior de la estructura 64 de anclaje, tal como se muestra en las FIGS. 2A-2B. Alternativamente, el medio de sellado puede estar sujeto a la base de la válvula prostética 10, tal como se muestra en la FIG. 2C. El/los elemento/s 70 de sellado está/n configurado/s para adaptarse a la geometría interna de la superficie interior del anillo fibroso en el que está implantada la válvula prostética 10. Más en particular, el/los elemento/s 70 de sellado está/n configurado/s para adaptarse a cualquier irregularidad superficial presente en la superficie interior del anillo fibroso o las valvas. De acuerdo con un ejemplo divulgado, la válvula cardiaca prostética 10 incluye dos elementos 70 de sellado. Cuando se despliega la válvula cardiaca prostética 10 en una zona intraluminal diana, el elemento de sellado puede ser situado en el anillo fibroso, ligeramente por encima del anillo fibroso, o ligeramente por debajo del anillo fibroso (o una combinación de los mismos). Cuando se proporcionan dos o más elementos 70 de sellado, los elementos 70 de sellado pueden estar situados en la misma o en diferentes localizaciones.
Tal como se muestra mejor en la FIG. 3, el/los elemento/s 70 de sellado proporciona/n un sello entre la prótesis extensible 10 y la superficie interior del anillo fibroso 71. Más en particular, el/los elemento/s 70 de sellado proporciona/n un sello entre la prótesis extensible 10 y una o más de las valvas nativas o un deposito 72 de calcio. El sello minimiza y/o elimina cualquier fuga perivalvular (también denominada comúnmente “paravalvular”) en la zona de implantación. En otras palabras, el elemento de sellado está dimensionado para minimizar y/o eliminar el flujo sanguíneo entre la prótesis 10 y la superficie interior del anillo fibroso 71. El tamaño y dimensiones apropiados del elemento 70 de sellado pueden ser fácilmente determinados por los expertos en la técnica, dependiendo de la zona de implantación deseada y de sus dimensiones particulares. Tal como se conoce generalmente en la técnica, el tamaño y dimensiones del anillo fibroso nativo variarán ampliamente de un paciente a otro, por lo que el tamaño y las dimensiones del elemento 70 de sellado pueden variar en consonancia. De acuerdo con otra realización más, el elemento 70 de sellado está dimensionado de manera personalizada, de manera que el elemento 70 de sellado se configura u optimiza para encajar en la anatomía del anillo fibroso 71 nativo de un paciente particular.
De acuerdo con un aspecto de la divulgación, el/los elemento/s 70 de sellado es/son autoextensible/s. Al implantar la válvula prostética 10 en un anillo fibroso, el elemento 70 de sellado se expande automáticamente de manera que engancha con, y se adapta a, la superficie interior del anillo fibroso incluyendo cualquier irregularidad superficial que pueda estar presente. El elemento 70 de sellado está fabricado con un material deformable y elástico que sea suficientemente resiliente para soportar las fuerzas del latir del corazón y suficientemente deformable para adaptarse sobre cualquier depósito de calcio u otras irregularidades superficiales en, o cerca de, el anillo fibroso. Algunos materiales ejemplares incluyen espumas, geles, polímeros biocompatibles, y similares.
De acuerdo con un aspecto adicional de la divulgación, el elemento 70 de sellado está fabricado con un material viscoelástico. Los materiales viscosos resisten el flujo a cortadura y se deforman linealmente con el tiempo cuando se aplica una tensión. Los materiales elásticos se deforman instantáneamente cuando son estirados y regresan a su estado original una vez que se ha eliminado la tensión. Los materiales viscoelásticos tienen elementos de propiedades tanto viscosas como elásticas y, como tal, exhiben una deformación dependiente del tiempo. Algunos materiales viscoelásticos ejemplares incluyen, pero no están limitados a, cauchos de silicona y látex y
biopegamento.
De acuerdo con un ejemplo, el elemento 70 de sellado puede ser suficientemente comprimido para permitir un suministro mínimamente invasivo de la válvula prostética 10 a través de un catéter o cánula. Al desplegarse en la zona diana (p. ej., el anillo fibroso aórtico), el elemento de sellado regresa elásticamente a su configuración original, a no ser que sea constreñido por el anillo fibroso nativo, valvas, depósitos de calcio, y similares. En esta realización, el elemento 70 de sellado no se expande en volumen respecto a su estado original, sino que meramente trata de regresar a su configuración original al ser desplegado en la zona diana. De acuerdo con un aspecto adicional, el elemento 70 de sellado también puede disminuir de tamaño, a medida que la válvula prostética 10 se expande desde una configuración de suministro comprimida hasta una configuración de implantación expandida. En otras palabras, la expansión de la válvula prostética puede comprimir el elemento 70 de sellado entre la armadura 64 y el anillo fibroso 71.
De acuerdo con un ejemplo adicional no cubierto por las reivindicaciones, el/los elemento/s 70 de sellado está/n configurados/s para ser inflados con un medio de inflado. Adicionalmente se da a conocer que el/los elemento/s 70 de sellado incluye/n una boquilla 74 de inflado para suministrar el medio de inflado dentro del elemento 70 de sellado. Una vez que el/los elemento/s 70 de sellado ha/n sido suficientemente inflado/s de manera que se haya creado un sello satisfactorio entre la válvula prostética 10 y la superficie interior del anillo fibroso, la boquilla 74 de inflado puede ser sellada para mantener una presión constante dentro del elemento 70 de sellado. El medio de inflado puede incluir geles, polímeros biocompatibles incluyendo polímeros curables, gases, soluciones salinas, y similares.
De acuerdo con otro ejemplo más dado a conocer, el/los elemento/s 70 de sellado incluye/n una o más cámaras internas 78. Las cámaras 78 están adaptadas para ser infladas con un medio de inflado tal como el descrito anteriormente. De acuerdo con un ejemplo adicional, las cámaras 78 están configuradas para ser infladas selectivamente según sea deseable o necesario. Pueden utilizarse técnicas de representación de imágenes conocidas por los expertos en la técnica para localizar la válvula prostética en el anillo fibroso y para determinar si existe o no un sellado suficiente entre la válvula prostética y el anillo fibroso. Si existen fugas, el/los elementos/s 70 de sellado o la cámara 78 situado en, o cerca de, la zona de fuga pueden ser inflados selectivamente hasta que se haya creado un sello.
De acuerdo con otro ejemplo más dado a conocer, el/los elemento/s 70 de sellado incluye/n una matriz intracelular
(p. ej. espuma con memoria) dentro de su interior. La matriz intracelular ofrece al elemento 70 de sellado la capacidad de deformarse alrededor de las irregularidades superficiales encontradas en la superficie interior del anillo fibroso.
De acuerdo con un ejemplo adicional, el/los elemento/s 70 de sellado incluye/n una matriz extracelular en su superficie exterior. La matriz extracelular promueve el crecimiento hacia el interior del tejido en la zona de implantación. Una matriz extracelular ejemplar incluye colágeno. Pueden añadirse células madre a la matriz de colágeno para promover adicionalmente y dirigir el crecimiento hacia el interior del tejido en la zona de implantación. Las células madre puede ser diferenciadas en una amplia variedad de tipos de célula y su presencia puede llevar a aplicaciones y/o procedimientos más especializados en la zona de implantación.
La divulgación incluye adicionalmente un kit para implantar una válvula cardiaca prostética extensible en una zona intraluminal con válvulas. El kit incluye una válvula cardiaca prostética extensible y una herramienta de suministro tal como un catéter o una funda. Adicionalmente, el kit puede incluir una herramienta de extirpación de valvas para eliminar o extirpar las valvas antes de desplegar la válvula prostética. La herramienta de extirpación de valvas también incluye un dispositivo para capturar la valva extirpada para la retirada externa de la misma.
Las FIGS. 4A y 4B muestran unas vistas esquemáticas de una válvula cardiaca prostética extensible 10 que incluye al menos un elemento de sellado, siendo colocada y desplegada dentro de la válvula aórtica 16. Tal como se muestra en la FIG. 4A, una válvula prostética extensible 10 de acuerdo con diversas realizaciones de la presente invención puede ser aplastada e insertada dentro de un catéter o funda 84 de suministro. Luego se coloca endovascularmente la prótesis en la zona diana intraluminal con válvulas, por ejemplo el anillo fibroso de la válvula aórtica 16. El suministro de la válvula prostética 10 puede estar acompañado de diversas técnicas de visualización conocidas por los expertos en la técnica. Si es necesario, puede utilizarse una herramienta de extirpación de valvas para eliminar una porción, o todas, de una o más valvas dentro de la válvula que necesite reparación y/o reemplazo. En este ejemplo, se proporciona un dispositivo de captura de valvas junto a una herramienta de extirpación de valvas para capturar la porción de valva extirpada de manera que pueda ser retirada del cuerpo del paciente. Una vez que se ha determinado una posición adecuada para suministrar la válvula, se retira la funda 84 de catéter de suministro permitiendo a la válvula prostética 10 expandirse, tal como se muestra en la FIG. 4B. Al menos una porción de la válvula prostética extensible se coloca sobre un depósito de calcio en la superficie interior del anillo fibroso.
De acuerdo con un ejemplo, tal como se muestra en la FIG. 4B, la válvula prostética extensible 10 incluye al menos un elemento 70 de sellado. De acuerdo con un ejemplo de la presente invención, el elemento de sellado es auto extensible. De acuerdo con otro ejemplo, el elemento de sellado es inflable. En ambas realizaciones, el elemento de sellado se adapta a la geometría de la superficie interior del anillo fibroso que incluya cualquier irregularidad superficial. Tal como se muestra en la FIG. 4B, el elemento 70 de sellado está posicionado sobre la prótesis de manera que cree y mantenga un sello ligeramente por encima del anillo fibroso de la válvula aórtica 16. Tal como se muestra adicionalmente en la FIG. 4B, una porción de entrada de flujo de la válvula prostética 10 está formada por un material capaz de ejercer una fuerza radial suficiente para mantener un orificio expandido, de estado constante, en relación con las valvas nativas calcificadas, tras inflar las valvas nativas.
La FIG. 5 ilustra una realización de la invención que presenta una válvula prostética 10 con una faldilla 100 de sellado, que está situada por encima del anillo fibroso y por encima de una faldilla inferior 110. La faldilla inferior 110 está suturada a la prótesis, mientras que la faldilla 100 de sellado sólo está suturada a una articulación 120 de manera que una solapa 130 esté libre para ser empujada hacia abajo por el flujo sanguíneo de retorno que viene desde encima del anillo fibroso durante la diástole durante 2/3 del ciclo cardiaco. La faldilla inferior 110 proporciona un sellado en el anillo fibroso. La faldilla 100 de sellado proporciona una fuga perivalvular minimizada en la zona anular e infraanular. En una realización de la invención, la articulación 120 está situada en la unión del anillo entrada de flujo de la prótesis con el seno de Valsalva. La faldilla 100 de sellado está libre para adaptarse a una estructura anatómica del anillo fibroso nativo, y puede observarse que con el tiempo la fibrosis crea un sello permanente. Durante la inserción la faldilla 100 de sellado flota libremente. Cuando la colocación de la prótesis anterógrada desde el ápice del corazón, es posible posicionar la prótesis más arriba de su localización deseada final, y desplegarla parcialmente de manera que la faldilla 100 de sellado no forme estructuras de túnel sino que más bien permanezca plana en el aspecto aórtico del anillo fibroso. Si se suministra la prótesis a través de la aorta, la faldilla de sellado puede quedar naturalmente yuxtapuesta al ser insertada en su localización deseada. La faldilla 100 de sellado tiene unas dimensiones, o una altura, apropiadas para no impedir el flujo sanguíneo hacia la ostia coronaria.
Pueden efectuarse diversas modificaciones y adiciones a las realizaciones ejemplares analizadas sin salirse del alcance de la presente invención. Por ejemplo, aunque las realizaciones anteriormente descritas se refieren a características particulares, el alcance de la invención también incluye realizaciones con diferentes combinaciones de características y realizaciones que no incluyan todas las características descritas. Por consiguiente, el alcance de la presente invención pretende abarcar todas las mencionadas alternativas, modificaciones, y variaciones que caen dentro del alcance de las reivindicaciones, junto con todos los equivalentes de las mismas.

Claims (7)

  1. REIVINDICACIONES
    1.- Una prótesis valvular cardiaca extensible (10) que comprende: al menos un elemento (100, 110) de sellado, estando dimensionado el elemento (100, 110) de sellado para proporcionar un sello entre las valvas nativas estenóticas y la prótesis (10) para evitar las fugas paravalvulares, en la cual
    5 el al menos un elemento (100, 110) de sellado comprende al menos una faldilla (100) de sellado situada por encima de una faldilla inferior (110),
    estando la faldilla inferior (110) suturada a la prótesis (10) y la faldilla (100) de sellado únicamente suturada a una articulación (120), estando situada dicha articulación (120) en una unión de un anillo de entrada de flujo de dicha prótesis valvular cardiaca extensible (10) y el seno de Valsalva,
    10 estando configurada dicha faldilla inferior (110) para proporcionar un sello en el anillo fibroso, y
    en la cual dicha faldilla (100) de sellado está configurada para proporcionar una fuga perivalvular minimizada en una zona anular e infraanular.
  2. 2. La prótesis (10) de la reivindicación 1, en la cual dicha faldilla (100) de sellado está situada por encima del anillo fibroso y en la inserción de la prótesis (10) flota libremente.
    15 3. La prótesis (10) de la reivindicación 1 ó 2, en la cual la faldilla de sellado únicamente está suturada en dicha articulación (120) de manera que una solapa (130) está libre para ser empujada hacia abajo por el flujo sanguíneo de retorno que viene desde encima del anillo fibroso.
  3. 4. La prótesis (10) de la reivindicación 1, en la cual el elemento (100, 110) de sellado está seleccionado del grupo que consiste en un material viscoelástico y el pericardio.
    20 5. La prótesis (10) de la reivindicación 1, en la cual el elemento (100, 110) de sellado comprende caucho de silicona
    o caucho de látex.
  4. 6. La prótesis (10) de la reivindicación 1, en la cual la prótesis valvular extensible (10) está seleccionada del grupo que consiste en una prótesis valvular cardiaca autoextensible y una prótesis valvular cardiaca extensible de balón.
  5. 7. La prótesis (10) de la reivindicación 1, en la cual el elemento de sellado no necesita expandirse en volumen para 25 proporcionar el sello.
  6. 8.
    La prótesis (10) de la reivindicación 1, en la cual el elemento de sellado disminuye en volumen al expandirse la prótesis, desde un estado no desplegado hasta un estado desplegado.
  7. 9.
    La prótesis (10) de la reivindicación 1, en la cual el sello formado entre la prótesis (10) y la superficie interior del anillo fibroso es un sello anular.
ES08165227T 2007-10-12 2008-09-26 Prótesis valvular extensible con mecanismo de sellado Active ES2383620T3 (es)

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US20210196458A1 (en) 2021-07-01
US10966823B2 (en) 2021-04-06
US20090099653A1 (en) 2009-04-16
EP2047824B1 (en) 2012-05-02
ATE555751T1 (de) 2012-05-15
US20180092743A1 (en) 2018-04-05
US9848981B2 (en) 2017-12-26

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