ES2352403B1 - SAXIFRAGA SPATHULARIS EXTRACTS, PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING AND ITS COSMETIC, PHARMACEUTICAL AND / OR FOOD USE AS ANTIOXIDANTS / ANTIRRADICALARIES / UV FILTERS (ULTRAVIOLET). - Google Patents

Abstract

Extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, procedure for obtaining and its cosmetic, pharmaceutical and / or food use as antioxidants / anti-radicals / UV filters (ultraviolet). Extracts obtained from leaves, roots, stems and dried and / or frozen flowers, ground and sieved, extraction with water, and / or alcohols, evaporation of this solvent, subsequent extraction with water and / or glycols of the dry extract and filtration; and its cosmetic, pharmaceutical and / or food use, for skin and / or hair care, for example as antioxidants or radical inhibitors, as agents for combating aging or sunscreens.

Description

Extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, procedure for obtaining and its cosmetic, pharmaceutical and / or food use as antioxidants / anti-radiation / UV filters (ultraviolet).

Object of the invention

The present invention falls within the technical field of plant extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, and its preparation for cosmetic, pharmaceutical and / or food use as antioxidants, anti-radicals and UV filters.

Background of the invention

At the beginning of the twentieth century Mulliken investigated photoluminal reactivity by demonstrating that during the peroxidation and photoexcitation process an excited state of oxygen was formed (singlet oxygen: 1O • 2). The development of these investigations led to the introduction of the term reactive oxygen species (ERO) and oxygen free radicals (RLO) in the field of biology and to the demonstration that these radical species were responsible for the toxic effects of oxygen.

Therefore, since the ERO / RLO are species that are generated continuously as products of the cellular use of O2, biological strategies have been developed in aerobic organisms to deactivate them, such as the enzyme system superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase or catalase .

Frequently, these basic defense mechanisms are not enough to eliminate all radical species generated endogenously (cellular respiration and other physiological processes) or those of exogenous origin (radiation, environmental pollution, drugs, toxic) that affect the environment the organism. The loss of balance between the level of prooxidation and the antioxidant tone of an organ or tissue can cause cellular damage and, secondarily, condition the onset of disease states. Oxidative stress is defined as the situation of cellular damage that results when the generation and / or exogenous incidence of RLO exceeds the capacity of the different physiological mechanisms of the organism to prevent or intercept its accumulation.

In addition to enzymatic defense mechanisms throughout biological evolution, organisms have developed the ability to synthesize molecules with antioxidant activity: ubiquinone, glutathione, ceruloplasmin, transferin and uric acid in mammals; and compounds such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), α-tocopherol (vitamin E), β-carotene (pro-vitamin A), various fl avonoids and other phenolic compounds in the case of vegetables. Thus, the relationship between the phenolic content of plant extracts and their antioxidant activity is well known [Y. S. Velioglu et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry; 1998, 46 (10), 4113-4117].

Natural antioxidants in addition to protecting the body from damage caused by free radicals, responsible for degenerative diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, arthritis and neurodegenerative and aging processes; they can present antibactericidal, antiviral, antimutagenic, antiulcer or anticarlogenic activity.

In addition, if natural antioxidants absorb ultraviolet radiation they can be used as solar filters [EPO781544B1]. UV (ultraviolet) radiation can be classified in UV-C (wavelength less than 280 nm); UV-B (wavelength between 280 nm and 320 nm) and UV-A (wavelength between 320 nm and 400 nm). Of these ultraviolet radiation, the most lethal is UV-C radiation, although most of it is absorbed by ozone. Therefore, those that may have the greatest influence on the skin are UV-A and UV-B radiation.

Saxifraga spathularis (Plumbaginaceae) is an endemic plant in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and Ireland. Its internal use as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic for veterinary treatments has been reported.

(E. Blanco et al., El Caurel, plants and their inhabitants. Ethnobotanical study of the Sierra del Caurel (Lugo): the importance of plants for our ancestors; Caixa Galicia Foundation, A Coruña, 1996, 203) and its topical use for the treatment of boils (MP González-Hernández et al., A proceedings of the XXVI International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, 2002, 63-75).

Description of the invention

The present invention describes extracts of the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of Saxifraga spathularis, its method of obtaining and its cosmetic, pharmaceutical and / or food use as antioxidants / anti-radical / UV filters (ultraviolet).

It describes, among other things, a new procedure for obtaining extracts of Saxifraga spathularis from the leaves, flowers, roots and stems, which allows the use of harmless solvents, such as water, glycols and other alcohols, of low cost and operation safe to obtain a stable product, easy to handle, to add to different products and that can be used as an ingredient of the cosmetic industry. It also describes said extracts of Saxifraga spathularis obtained by the described procedure, characterized by presenting, among others, high phenolic content and relevant antioxidant, anti-radical and UV protection properties, which makes them suitable for skin care and / or hair, for example as antioxidants or radical inhibitors, as agents to combat aging or sunscreens. Extracts frequently have higher antioxidant activity than synthetic antioxidants such as BHT (butyrohydroxytoluene) or BHA (butyrohydroxyanisole).

The practice of the present invention involves:

Obtaining procedure

i) Preparation of the leaves, flowers, roots and stems of Saxifraga spathularis:

The dried and frozen leaves, flowers, roots and stems of ground and sifted Saxifraga spathularis are used. They are subjected to a grind, preferably in a blade mill, and screened, preferably at a particle size of 0.6 mm. approximately.

ii) Extraction of leaves, flowers, roots and stems of Saxifraga spathularis with solvents: The dried or frozen leaves ground and sieved are subjected to a continuous solid-liquid extraction process

with solvents.

High liquid: solid ratios are used, preferably 30 g / g.

Water and / or hydroalcoholic and / or alcoholic solvents are used as solvent to be extracted. Sale is chosen

especially C1 aC4 alcohols and, preferably, ethanol or methanol. Among them, a 1: 1 ethanol / water mixture is advantageously chosen.

The temperature of the extraction is the reflux of the solvent or mixture of extraction solvents and is in the range of 60-120 ° C and, preferably, between 85-95 ° C.

The extraction time is in the range of 1-3 hours.

The extractive process is protected from light to avoid possible alterations.

The yield of the extractive process ranges from 25% to 30% (g / g).

iii) Obtaining dry extracts or aqueous extracts of Saxifraga spathularis:

The aqueous, alcoholic or hydroalcoholic extracts obtained are subjected to vacuum evaporation to remove the solvent and obtain the dried extracts of Saxifraga spathularis.

Water is removed by evaporation under vacuum, preferably by lyophilization.

If, in order to obtain the liquid extracts of stage iv), water or hydroglycols are used as extraction solvents, in some cases only the alcoholic solvent of stage ii) can be removed under vacuum and the water cannot be removed, obtaining aqueous extracts from Saxifraga spathularis.

iv) Obtaining the liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis:

Dry extracts or aqueous extracts of Saxifraga spathularis obtained in step iii), are subjected to a new solid-liquid extractive process in continuous with solvents, preferably by maceration with agi

Lotion

High liquid: solid ratios are used, preferably 99 g / g.

As solvent to be extracted, water and / or hydro-glycol and / or glycol solutions are used. It is chosen advantageously

mind glycols C2 BC6. Among these glycols, propylene glycol and butylene glycol are preferred. Among them, a 1: 1 butylene glycol / water mixture is advantageously chosen.

The extraction temperature is room temperature, approximately 20 ° C.

The extraction time is 1 to 7 days.

The extractive process is protected from light to avoid possible alterations.

v) Obtaining the fi ltered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis:

The solids of the liquid extracts obtained in step iv), are separated by filtration, preferably by porous plate of No. 3 or 4, or weight filter paper 73 g / m2, obtaining the fi ltered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis.

These extracts are stored refrigerated, preferably at 4 ° C, and protected from light to avoid possible alterations.

Characterization of fi ltered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis

i) Determination of the UV (ultraviolet) absorption of the fi ltered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis:

UV (ultraviolet) radiation is classified in UV-C (wavelength less than 280 nm); UV-B (wavelength between 280 nm and 320 nm) and UV-A (wavelength between 320 nm and 400 nm), therefore, if a product absorbs radiation between 250 to 400 nm it can be used as a solar fi lter.

The absorbance (Abs) of the fi ltered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis obtained according to the extraction procedure is measured at the concentration of 100 ppm in distilled water between the wavelengths of 250 to 400 nm against a blank of distilled water. All have maximum absorption in the UV (ultraviolet) region.

Saxifraga spathularis extracts at the wavelength of 280 nm have Abs> 0.700; at 320 nm they present Abs> 0.250 and at 400 nm they present Abs> 0.050.

ii) Determination of the phenolic content of the fi ltered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis:

Phenolic compounds have a high antioxidant activity [Y. S. Velioglu, op. cited (1998)]. Therefore, the phenolic content of the liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis is determined according to the Folin Ciocalteu’s method

[TO. Escarpa et al., Analytica Chimica Acta; 2001, 427 (1), 119-127]. The absorbance at 765 nm of a solution of 0.5 mL of the antioxidant extract, 3.75 mL of distilled water, 0.25 mL of Folin Ciocalteau's reagent (1: 1 with distilled water) and 0.5 mL of 10% Na2CO3; after 1 hour at room temperature, against a white without extract. The phenolic content of the extract is determined by comparing the absorbance with a straight gallic acid standard (0-100 ppm).

The fi ltered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis obtained according to the extraction procedure, have, according to the described procedure, a high phenolic content, between 20-35%.

iii) Determination of the capture activity of the α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydracil (DPPH •) radical and its equivalence in BHT and BHA of the fi ltered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis:

To measure the activity of the radical α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydracil (DPPH •) [I. Parejo et al., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry; 2002, 50, 6882-6890], the decrease in absorbance at 515 nm, after 16 minutes, of a 2 mL solution of DPPH • 610-5 M in methanol and 50 µL of the antioxidant extract is measured. The percentage of inhibition is calculated according to the following formula:

PI (Percent Inhibition) PI (%): [(Abs t = 0 min-Abs t = 16 min) / Abs t = 0 min)] * 100

The IC50 or concentration that inhibits 50% of the DPPH radical is measured.

The fi ltered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, obtained according to the extraction procedure, have an IC50 between 300 to 350 ppm.

The IC50 of the BHA, measured according to the same procedure, is 240 ppm and that of the BHT of 2790 ppm.

iv) Determination of the antioxidant or iron reduction activity (FRAP) and its equivalence in ascorbic acid or vitamin C of the leaked liquid extracts Saxifraga spathularis:

The reducing power of iron or antioxidant activity of the liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis is determined according to the FRAP method [Benzie IFF et al. Anal Biochem 1996; 239: 70-76]. The ability to reduce the Fe (III) / tripyridyltriazine complex is measured and the reductive activities of the extracts are expressed as nM equivalents of ascorbic acid (AscAE), / g of dry extract. To 0.1 mL of the antioxidant extract is added 3 mL of the FRAP reagent is left at room temperature for 6 minutes. The absorbance at 593 nm is measured and the results are compared with a straight standard of ascorbic acid or vitamin C (0.1-1 mM).

The fi ltered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis obtained according to the extraction procedure, have at a concentration of 100 ppm an iron reducing power equivalent to between 0,100 mM to 0,150 mM in ascorbic acid or vitamin C.

Examples

Example 1

Preparation of the hydrobutylene glycol extract of the leaves of Saxifraga spathularis

The leaves frozen with liquid N2 of Saxifraga spathularis, ground and sieved to particle size of approximately 0.6 mm, are subjected to a continuous solid-liquid extractive process, with a liquid: solid ratio of 30 g / g, with a 1: 1 ethanol / water mixture, at the solvent reflux temperature (85-95 ° C), for 3 hours and protected from light. The solvent of the extract obtained is evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The yield of extraction is 28% (g / g).

The dry extract of Saxifraga spathularis obtained is subjected to a new continuous solid-liquid extractive process, by maceration with stirring, with a liquid: solid ratio of 99 g / g, at room temperature and protected from light, for 7 days with a 1: 1 butylene glycol / water mixture. The liquid extract of Saxifraga spathularis obtained is filtered, using a porous plate of No. 3, and the final product, the filtered liquid extract of Saxifraga spathularis, is stored refrigerated at 4 ° C and protected from light to prevent alteration.

-

The absorbance of this extract was measured at the concentration of 100 ppm in distilled water at the wavelengths of 280 nm (Abs = 0.714), 320 nm (Abs = 0.271) and 400 nm (Abs = 0.053) against a blank of distilled water.

-

Phenolic content according to the method of Folin Ciocalteu’s [A. Escarp, op. cited (2001)]. The absorbance at 765 nm of a solution of 0.5 mL of the antioxidant extract, 3.75 mL of distilled water, 0.25 mL of Folin Ciocalteau's reagent (1: 1 with distilled water) and 0.5 mL of 10% Na2CO3; after 1 hour at room temperature, against a white without extract. The phenolic content of the extract is determined by comparing the absorbance with a straight gallic acid standard (0-100 ppm).

The extract obtained according to the procedure described in this example 1 has a phenolic content of 24%.

-

Activity of the radical α, α-diphenyl-β-picrilhydracil (DPPH •) [I. Even, op. cited (2002)]. The decrease in absorbance at 515 nm, after 16 minutes, of a 2 mL solution of DPPH • 610-5 Men methanol and 50 µL of the antioxidant extract is measured. The percentage of inhibition is calculated according to the following formula:

PI (Percent Inhibition) PI (%): [(Abs t = 0 min-Abs t = 16 min) / Abs t = 0 min)] * 100

The IC50 or concentration that inhibits 50% of the DPPH • radical was measured.

The extract obtained according to the procedure described in this example 1 has an IC50 = 334 ppm. The IC50 of the BHA, measured according to the same procedure, is 240 ppm and that of the BHT of 2790 ppm.

-

Antioxidant or iron reduction activity (FRAP) [I.F.F. Benzie, op. cited (1996)]. The ability to reduce the Fe (III) / tripyridyltriazine complex is measured and the reductive activities of the extracts are expressed as nM equivalents of ascorbic acid (AscAE), / g of dry extract. To 0.1 mL of the antioxidant extract is added 3 mL of the FRAP reagent is left at room temperature for 6 minutes. The absorbance at 593 nm is measured and the results are compared with a straight standard of ascorbic acid or vitamin C (0.1-1 mM).

The extract obtained according to the procedure described in this example 1, exhibits at a concentration of 100 ppm an iron reducing power equivalent to 0.126 mM in ascorbic acid or vitamin C.

Claims (18)

1. Procedure for obtaining extracts of Saxifraga spathularis characterized in that it comprises the following stages: i) Drying and / or freezing, grinding and sieving of the leaves, stems, roots and flowers of Saxifraga spathularis. ii) Continuous solid-liquid extraction of leaves, stems, roots and dried, ground and screened flowers of Saxifraga spathularis with aqueous, alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solvents. iii) Evaporation to dryness of the solvent from the extraction of stage ii) to obtain the dry extracts of Saxifraga spathularis-, or evaporation of the alcoholic solvent of stage ii) to obtain the aqueous extracts of Saxifraga spathularis. iv) Continuous solid-liquid extraction of the dry or aqueous extracts of stage iii) with aqueous, alcoholic, glycolic or hydro-glycolic solvents to obtain the liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis. v) Filtration of the liquid extracts of stage iv) for obtaining the fi ltered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis and cold storage and absence of light.

2.

Method of obtaining extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claim 1, step i), characterized in that the dried leaves ground in a blade mill are used, and they are screened at a particle size of 0.6 mm. approximately.

3.

Method of obtaining extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claim 1, step ii), characterized in that the process of solid-liquid extraction in continuous with solvents; high liquid: solid ratios are used, preferably 30 g / g; the solvent is water, or a C1 to C4 alcohol, preferably methanol or ethanol,

or a mixture methanol / water, or ethanol / water; the temperature of the extraction is the reflux of the solvent or mixture of extraction solvents and is in the range of 60-120 ° C; the extraction time is in the range of 1-3 hours; and the extractive process is carried out protected from light.

Four.

Method of obtaining extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claim 3, characterized in that the extraction solvent is a 1: 1 ethanol / water mixture; and the extraction temperature is the reflux of the solvent mixture and is in the range of 85-95 ° C.

5.

Method of obtaining extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claim 1, step iii), characterized in that the evaporation to dryness of the solvent to obtain dry extracts of Saxifraga spathularis is carried out under vacuum and the water is preferably removed by lyophilization.

6.

Method of obtaining extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claim 1, step iii), characterized in that the evaporation of the alcoholic solvent to obtain the aqueous extracts of Saxifraga spathularis is carried out under vacuum.

7.

Method of obtaining extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claim 1, step iv), characterized in that the continuous solid-liquid extraction process with solvents is carried out by maceration with stirring; high liquid: solid ratios are used, preferably 99 g / g; the solvent is water, or a C2 to C6 glycol, preferably propylene glycol or butylene glycol, or a propylene glycol / water mixture, or butylene glycol / water; the extraction temperature is room temperature, approximately 20 ° C; The extraction time is 1 to 7 days and is carried out protected from light.

8.

Method of obtaining extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claim 7, characterized in that the extraction solvent is a 1: 1 butylene glycol / water mixture.

9.

Method of obtaining extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claim 1, step v), characterized in that the liquid extracts obtained in step iv) are filtered, preferably by porous plate of No. 3 or 4, or weight fi lter paper 73 g / m2, obtaining fi ltered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis are stored cold, preferably at 4 ° C, and protected from light.

10.

Dry extracts of Saxifraga spathularis obtained according to claims 1-5.

eleven.

Liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis obtained according to claims 1-9.

12. Filtered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis according to claim 11, characterized in that they have ultraviolet absorption between the wavelengths of 250 nm to 400 nm; for having a high phenolic content; for its ability to inhibit the DPPH • radical; for its ability to inhibit oxidation of the micellar system β-carotene and linoleic acid; for its ability to inhibit the radical ABTS • +; for its antioxidant or iron reduction capacity.

13.

Filtered liquid extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claim 12, characterized by having a concentration of 100 ppm at wavelengths of 280 nm have Abs> 0.700; at 320 nm they present Abs> 0.250 and at 400 nm they present Abs> 0.050, because they have a phenolic content between 20-35%; for presenting an IC50 between 300 to 350 ppm of inhibition of the DPPH radical • and for its antioxidant capacity or reduction of iron at 100 ppm equivalent to between 0.100 mM to 0.150 mM in ascorbic acid or vitamin C.

14.

Liquid extract filtered from the sheets of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claim 13, characterized in that it has a concentration of 100 ppm at wavelengths of 280 nm (Abs = 0.714), 320 nm (Abs = 0.271) and 400 nm (Abs = 0.053); for having a phenolic content of 24%; for presenting an IC50 = 334 ppm of inhibition of the DPPH radical • and for its antioxidant capacity or reduction of iron equivalent to 0.126 mM in ascorbic acid

or vitamin C.

fifteen.

Use of the extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claims 10 to 14, as a cosmetic agent for skin and / or hair care, intended to act as an anti-aging and antioxidant agent, for preventing alterations derived from cellular oxidation or oxidative stress, and for acting as a radical inhibitor and protector against ionizing radiation and free radicals.

16.

Use of the extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claims 10 to 14, as a cosmetic agent for skin and / or hair care, intended to act as an absorber of UV (ultraviolet) radiation, which gives it fi lter properties solar.

17.

Use of the extracts of Saxifraga spathularis, according to claims 10 to 14, in the pharmaceutical and / or food industry as an antioxidant.

SPANISH OFFICE OF THE PATENTS AND BRAND Application no .: 200901653 SPAIN Date of submission of the application: 27.07.2009 Priority Date: 00-00-0000 REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE 51 Int. Cl.: See Additional Sheet RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

Category

Documents cited Claims Affected

To

JP 10203944 (SHISEIDO CO LTD) 04.08.1998, summary. JP 10046142 A (SHISEIDO CO LTD) 17.02.1998, summary. 1-17 1-17

Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application

This report has been produced • for all claims • for claims no: ALL

Date of realization of the report 23.11.2010

Examiner A. Amaro Roldán Page 1/4

REPORT OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE Application number: 200901653 CLASSIFICATION OBJECT OF THE APPLICATION A61K8 / 97 (2006.01) A61Q17 / 04 (2006.01) A61K36 / 185 (2006.01) Minimum documentation sought (classification system followed by classification symbols) A61K, A61Q Electronic databases consulted during the search (name of the database and, if possible, terms of search used) INVENES, EPODOC, WPI, STN State of the Art Report Page 2/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 200901653 Date of Written Opinion: Statement

Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)

Claims Claims 1-17 IF NOT

Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)

Claims Claims 1-17 IF NOT

The application is considered to comply with the industrial application requirement. This requirement was evaluated during the formal and technical examination phase of the application (Article 31.2 Law 11/1986).  Opinion Base.- This opinion has been made on the basis of the patent application as published.  Considerations: The present invention relates to a method of obtaining extracts of Saxifraga spathularis comprising five stages (claims 1-9) and the extracts obtained by said process, both dry (claim 10) and liquid (claims 11-14). In addition, it includes the use of extracts obtained as a cosmetic agent for skin and / or hair, as an anti-aging and antioxidant agent, intended to act as an absorber of ultraviolet radiation (claims 15-16) and its use in the pharmaceutical industry and / or food as an antioxidant (claim 17). State of the Art Report Page 3/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 200901653 1. Documents considered.- The documents belonging to the state of the art taken into consideration for the realization of this opinion are listed below.

Document

Publication or Identification Number publication date

D01

JP 10203944 (SHISEIDO CO LTD) 04.08.1998

D02

JP 10046142 A (SHISEIDO CO LTD) 02.17.1998

D01 refers to obtaining a cosmetic capable of protecting the skin against the sun's ultraviolet rays based on a formulation comprising a derivative of cinnamic acid and silicone used in conjunction with a specific plant extract as a protective of ultraviolet rays. The plant extract used belongs to the Saxifraga genus of the Saxifragaceae family, preferably in an amount of 0.005-5.0% by weight based on the entire cosmetic (summary). D02 refers to obtaining an antioxidant with a potent effect as such, without toxicity problems and with possible uses in various fields including cosmetics, using an extract of Saxifraga stolonifera from the Saxifrage family as an active ingredient. Said extract includes leaves, stems, fruits, etc. of said plant, which are extracted with cold water or ethanol or under reflux, filtering the product and concentrating the filtrate. The product exhibits a marked antioxidant effect compared to conventional antioxidants (summary). Documents D01 and D02 are considered as belonging to the state of the art in general. 2. Statement motivated according to articles 29.6 and 29.7 of the Regulations for the execution of Law 11/1986, of March 20, on Patents on novelty and inventive activity; quotes and explanations in support of this statement NOVELTY AND INVENTIVE ACTIVITY The documents cited only show inventions belonging to the state of the art in general and are not considered of particular relevance, since it would not be obvious for a person skilled in the art to apply the characteristics of the cited documents and arrive at the invention as mentioned in claims 1-17. Therefore, the purpose of this application meets the requirements of novelty and inventive activity in accordance with Articles 6 and 8 of Patent Law 11/86. State of the Art Report Page 4/4