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ES2349207A1 - Construction of vaults without centring, using segmental arches - Google Patents

Construction of vaults without centring, using segmental arches Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2349207A1
ES2349207A1 ES200702766A ES200702766A ES2349207A1 ES 2349207 A1 ES2349207 A1 ES 2349207A1 ES 200702766 A ES200702766 A ES 200702766A ES 200702766 A ES200702766 A ES 200702766A ES 2349207 A1 ES2349207 A1 ES 2349207A1
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Spain
Prior art keywords
construction
vaults
dovela
arch
key
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Granted
Application number
ES200702766A
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Spanish (es)
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ES2349207B2 (en
Inventor
Luis Ferre De Merlo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidad de Alicante
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Universidad de Alicante
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Publication date
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Priority to ES200702766A priority Critical patent/ES2349207B2/en
Priority to PCT/ES2008/070194 priority patent/WO2009053515A1/en
Publication of ES2349207A1 publication Critical patent/ES2349207A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2349207B2 publication Critical patent/ES2349207B2/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/02—Crowns; Roofs
    • F27D1/025—Roofs supported around their periphery, e.g. arched roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3205—Structures with a longitudinal horizontal axis, e.g. cylindrical or prismatic structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the construction of vaults without centring, using segmental arches, formed by pairs of arches of ceramic blocks connected at the key stones thereof. The sides of the arch stones are stepped at an angle greater than 90 DEG , as are the sides of the springers on which they are placed. The sides of the crown of the arch (odd) are also stepped symmetrically and the front face thereof includes a projection that is inserted into the adjacent arch (even) in the cavity formed by the symmetrical steps of the two central arch stones of same, the end arch stones of which are half the thickness of the rest.

Description

Procedimiento de construcción de bóvedas sin cimbra mediante arcos escarzanos.Vault construction procedure without formwork through arcane arches.

Campo de la invenciónField of the Invention

La invención se incluye dentro del sector de la edificación industrial de bloques prefabricados de hormigón o cerámica, para su aplicación a la construcción de forjados de piso mediante bóvedas de perfil escarzano.The invention is included within the sector of the industrial building of precast concrete blocks or ceramic, for application to the construction of floor slabs through vaults with a hull profile.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention

En la actualidad no se construyen bóvedas de fábrica para las estructuras de suelo y techo de los edificios, sino que se emplean forjados prefabricados, planos compuestos por viguetas y bovedillas, o forjados "in situ" como los reticulares, que precisan de grandes superficies de encofrado, maquinaria para la manipulación, mano de obra especializada y controles de calidad.At present, factory vaults are not built for the floor and ceiling structures of buildings, but rather prefabricated slabs are used, planes composed of joists and vaults, or " in situ " slabs such as lattices, which require large areas of formwork, machinery for handling, specialized labor and quality controls.

La albañilería tradicional del siglo XX ha desarrollado en España la construcción de bóvedas tabicadas de fábrica de ladrillo en regiones como Cataluña y Extremadura, empleando técnicas de aparejo que requieren cimbras para su construcción, dando excelentes resultados, que se pueden ver en las bóvedas hechas en España y las construidas en los Estados Unidos por arquitectos españoles como Guastavino.The traditional masonry of the twentieth century has developed in Spain the construction of partitioned vaults of brick factory in regions like Catalonia and Extremadura, using rigging techniques that require formwork for construction, giving excellent results, which can be seen in the vaults made in Spain and those built in the United States by Spanish architects like Guastavino.

Nuestra invención está inspirada en sistemas históricos utilizados por culturas y civilizaciones del Oriente Próximo. Tenemos conocimiento de estas realizaciones por los datos que proporcionan la arqueología y la historia de la construcción. Se trata de bóvedas de cañón construidas por hojas adosadas de fábrica de ladrillo de una o varias roscas, apoyadas en dos muros paralelos y volteadas apoyando la primera hoja sobre un muro frontal perpendicular a aque-
llos.Our invention is inspired by historical systems used by cultures and civilizations of the Middle East. We are aware of these achievements by the data provided by archeology and construction history. It is a barrel vault built by brick factory attached sheets of one or more threads, supported by two parallel and turned walls supporting the first sheet on a front wall perpendicular to those
llos.

Explicación de la invenciónExplanation of the invention.

La razón de ser de la invención, es plantear un sistema de construcción de bóvedas sin cimbra mediante arcos escarzanos, formado por bloques de fábrica aparejados por arcos y formando bóvedas, aplicadas a cualquier tipo de estructuras que sirvan de apoyo y contención de esfuerzos horizontales.The rationale for the invention is to raise a construction system of vaults without formwork through arches escarzanos, formed by factory blocks rigged by arches and forming vaults, applied to any type of structures that serve as support and containment of horizontal efforts.

En la construcción de estas bóvedas se utiliza la combinación de arcos escarzanos impares y pares. Estos arcos están constituidos por una serie de bloques. El arco escarzano impar está formado por bloques dóvelas iguales que arrancan desde cada uno de los apoyos hacía el centro y un bloque clave colocado en el centro del mismo que dispone de un saliente que liga con el arco consecutivo par. El arco escarzano par está constituido por bloques dóvelas y dos bloques media dóvela.In the construction of these vaults is used the combination of odd and even escarpment arches. These bows They consist of a series of blocks. The odd scark arch It consists of equal blocks that start from each one. of the supports towards the center and a key block placed in the center of the same that has a projection that links with the arch consecutive pair. The couple escarzano arch consists of blocks fold them and two blocks half fold.

De modo que se dispone de cuatro bloques diferentes:So there are four blocks available different:

Bloque dóvela con el cual se forman los arcos impares y los arcos pares que van a generar la bóve-
da.Dovela block with which the odd arcs and even arcs that will generate the vault are formed
gives.

Bloque media dóvela del cual se utilizan dos piezas en cada arco par colocadas en sus extremos apoyados sobre cada salmer.Half dove block of which two are used pieces in each arch pair placed at their ends resting on every salmer.

Bloque salmer que se coloca en los extremos de los arcos y sirve de apoyo a los mismos.Salmer block that is placed at the ends of the arches and supports them.

Bloque clave que se coloca en la parte más alta del arco impar y que cierra el arco, sirve además para trabar con el arco par.Key block that is placed in the highest part of the odd arc that closes the arc, also serves to lock with the even arch

Además, hace falta un mortero de yeso para aparejar los bloques entre sí ya que se necesita un conglomerante que fragüe con rapidez y mantenga las piezas en su posición para no necesitar cimbras.In addition, a plaster mortar is needed to rig the blocks together as a binder is needed to set quickly and keep the pieces in position so as not to need formwork

De esa forma, al ir colocando los arcos escarzanos impares y los pares adosados, se va generando la bóveda, teniendo en cuenta que se necesita un muro previo a la colocación del primer arco para que éste se pegue a aquel y de esta manera continuar construyendo arcos.That way, when placing the arches odd escarzanos and the terraced pairs, the vault is generated, taking into account that a pre-installation wall is needed of the first arc so that it sticks to it and in this way Continue building arches.

La adherencia que se produce entre los arcos no es solo debido al yeso que penetra en los huecos de los bloques dóvelas, sino al aligeramiento de las mismas, que permite se mantengan en posición sin necesidad de utilizar cimbras.The adhesion that occurs between the arches does not It is only due to the plaster that penetrates the gaps of the blocks dove them, but to lighten them, which allows keep in position without using formwork.

Los bloques dóvela y media dóvela tienen salientes que facilitan el apoyo de unos bloques dóvelas con otros y por tanto la construcción de cada arco. Igualmente el bloque clave tiene unos salientes que cumplen la misma función que los salientes del bloque dóvela y media dóvela.Dovela and half dovela blocks have projections that facilitate the support of some blocks dovelas with others and therefore the construction of each arch. Also the key block It has some projections that fulfill the same function as the projections of the block dovela and half dovela.

El bloque clave, que forma los arcos impares, tiene un saliente que se introduce en el hueco que queda en los arcos pares en la parte más alta de los mismos.The key block, which forms the odd arcs, It has a projection that is inserted into the hole that remains in the even arches at the top of them.

El bloque salmer, además de ser aligerado como los demás, deja penetrar por sus aligeramientos el yeso que va pegar los bloques dóvelas y medias dóvelas que apoyan sobre él.The salmer block, in addition to being lightened as the others, let the plaster that is going to hit penetrate its lightening the blocks dovelas and half dovelas that support on him.

El conjunto de dóvela-media dóvela-clave-salmer deja unas tolerancias dimensionales entre ellos que permiten pequeños ajustes en la curvatura de los arcos conforme se van construyendo los arcos.The dovela-media set dovela-key-salmer leave some dimensional tolerances between them that allow small adjustments in the curvature of the arches as the arches

El proceso de fabricación es mediante la cocción de los bloques cerámicos en hornos.The manufacturing process is by cooking of ceramic blocks in ovens.

La aplicación inmediata de la invención es en la industria de la construcción sustituyendo a los forjados tradicionales por bóvedas rebajadas que no necesitan cimbras para su construcción ni mano de obra especializada.The immediate application of the invention is in the construction industry replacing the floor slabs Traditional for lowered vaults that do not need formwork for their construction or specialized labor.

Descripción de los dibujosDescription of the drawings

Fig. 1. Bloque salmer 3 y aligeramientos 8.Fig. 1. Salmer block 3 and lightening 8.

Fig. 2. Bloque dóvela 1, saliente 5 y aligeramientos 8.Fig. 2. Block 1, protrusion 5 and lightening 8.

Fig. 3. Bloque media dóvela 2, saliente 5 y aligeramientos 8.Fig. 3. Half block block 2, ledge 5 and lightening 8.

Fig. 4. Bloque clave 4, saliente 5, aligeramientos 8 y saliente 6.Fig. 4. Key block 4, projection 5, lightening 8 and outgoing 6.

Fig. 5. Detalle de arcos impares y pares.Fig. 5. Detail of odd and even arcs.

Fig. 6. Detalle de arcos pares e impares.Fig. 6. Detail of odd and even arcs.

Descripción detalladaDetailed description

La invención consiste en un procedimiento de construcción de bóvedas sin cimbra que se caracteriza por ir combinando pares de arcos (par e impar) consecutivos escarzanos.The invention consists of a method of construction of vaults without formwork characterized by going combining pairs of consecutive (odd and even) arcs.

El arco escarzano impar esta constituido por dóvelas (1) escalonadas todas iguales, un salmer (3) en cada uno de los extremos del arco y una clave (4) colocada en el centro del mismo con un saliente (5) que encaja en el otro arco (par).The odd scark arch is constituted by turn them (1) staggered all the same, a salmer (3) in each of the ends of the arch and a key (4) placed in the center of the same with a projection (5) that fits in the other arc (pair).

El arco escarzano par está constituido por las mismas dóvelas (1) escalonadas e iguales salvo las dos extremas de apoyo en los salmeres (3), que son medias dóvelas (2), formándose entre las dos dóvelas centrales de la clave (4) un hueco donde encaja el saliente de la clave del arco escarzano impar.The couple escarzano arc is constituted by the same dovelas (1) staggered and equal except the two extremes of support in the salmeres (3), which are half dovelas (2), forming between the two central segments of the key (4) a hole where fits the projection of the key of the odd scark arch.

Para llevar a cabo este procedimiento se utilizan cuatro bloques arquitectónicos:To carry out this procedure, They use four architectural blocks:

\bullet?
La dóvela (1) y la media dóvela (2) que disponen de un escalón en cada uno de sus lados con un ángulo superior a 90º de forma que, por una parte, se apoya en el escalón de la dóvela idéntica y contigua a uno de los lados, y por el otro, y sobre su escalón, queda apoyada la dóvela contigua del otro lado por el mismo sistema.Dovela (1) and half dovela (2) that have a step on each side with a An angle greater than 90º so that, on the one hand, it rests on the identical and contiguous dovela step on one side, and by the other, and on its step, the adjacent dovela of the other side by the same system.

\bullet?
El salmer (3) que es de tipo trapezoidal y dispone de un entrante en una de sus caras en el que descansa la dóvela escalonada.The salmer (3) that is of type trapezoidal and has an entree on one of its faces in which rest the stepped dovela.

\bullet?
La clave (4) que no es de tipo cuneiforme y dispone en cada uno de sus lados de un escalón de ángulo superior a 90º que descansa en los escalones de las dóvelas contiguas, y porque dispone en una de sus caras de un saliente que encaja con un hueco en la siguiente hilada de arcos.The key (4) that is not of type cuneiform and has on each of its sides a step of angle greater than 90º resting on the steps of the segments contiguous, and because it has on one of its faces a projection that it fits with a hole in the next row of arches.

Estos bloques se utilizan para llevar a cabo la construcción de los arcos como se indica anteriormente. A partir de la construcción de los dos primeros arcos, impar y par, se continúa repitiendo el mismo sistema expuesto hasta aquí.These blocks are used to carry out the construction of the arches as indicated above. From the construction of the first two arches, odd and even, continues repeating the same system exposed so far.

Claims (4)

1. Procedimiento de construcción de bóvedas sin cimbra caracterizado por una combinación de pares de arcos (par e impar) consecutivos escarzanos de los cuales:1. Procedure of construction of vaults without formwork characterized by a combination of pairs of arcs (even and odd) consecutive escarzaos of which: el arco escarzano impar esta constituido por dóvelas escalonadas todas iguales, un salmer en cada uno de los extremos del arco y una clave colocada en el centro del mismo con un saliente que encaja en el otro arco (par) y;the odd scark arch is constituted by make them staggered all the same, a salmer in each of the ends of the arch and a key placed in the center of it with a protrusion that fits in the other arc (pair) and; el arco escarzano par está constituido por las mismas dóvelas escalonadas e iguales salvo las dos extremas de apoyo en los salmeres, que son medias dóvelas, formándose entre las dos dóvelas centrales de la clave un hueco donde encaja el saliente de la clave del arco escarzano impar.the couple escarzano arc is constituted by the same bends staggered and equal except for the two extremes of support in the salmeres, which are half dovelas, forming between the two make them central to the key a hole where the projection of The key of the odd escarzano arc. 2. Procedimiento de construcción de bóvedas sin cimbra según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la dóvela y la media dóvela disponen de un escalón en cada uno de sus lados con un ángulo superior a 90º de forma que, por una parte, se apoya en el escalón de la dóvela idéntica y contigua a uno de los lados, y por el otro, y sobre su escalón, queda apoyada la dóvela contigua del otro lado por el mismo sistema.2. Method of construction of vaults without form according to claim 1, characterized in that the dovela and the half dovela have a step on each of their sides with an angle greater than 90 ° so that, on the one hand, it rests on the step of the identical and contiguous dovela on one side, and on the other, and on its step, the adjacent dovela on the other side is supported by the same system. 3. Procedimiento de construcción de bóvedas sin cimbra según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque el salmer es de tipo trapezoidal y dispone de un entrante en una de sus caras en el que descansa la dóvela escalonada.3. Method of construction of vaults without form according to claim 1 characterized in that the salmer is of the trapezoidal type and has a recess in one of its faces on which the stepped dovela rests. 4. Procedimiento de construcción de bóvedas sin cimbra según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la clave no es de tipo cuneiforme y dispone en cada uno de sus lados de un escalón de ángulo superior a 90º que descansa en los escalones de las dóvelas contiguas, y porque dispone en una de sus caras de un saliente que encaja con un hueco en la siguiente hilada de arcos.4. Method for the construction of vaults without formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the key is not of the cuneiform type and has on each of its sides a step of an angle greater than 90 ° that rests on the steps of the adjacent segments, and because it has on one of its faces a projection that fits with a hole in the next row of arches.
ES200702766A 2007-10-22 2007-10-22 CONSTRUCTION OF BOVEDAS WITHOUT CIMBRA THROUGH ARCOS ESCARZANOS. Active ES2349207B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200702766A ES2349207B2 (en) 2007-10-22 2007-10-22 CONSTRUCTION OF BOVEDAS WITHOUT CIMBRA THROUGH ARCOS ESCARZANOS.
PCT/ES2008/070194 WO2009053515A1 (en) 2007-10-22 2008-10-22 Construction of vaults without centring, using segmental arches

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200702766A ES2349207B2 (en) 2007-10-22 2007-10-22 CONSTRUCTION OF BOVEDAS WITHOUT CIMBRA THROUGH ARCOS ESCARZANOS.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2349207A1 true ES2349207A1 (en) 2010-12-29
ES2349207B2 ES2349207B2 (en) 2011-06-10

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ES200702766A Active ES2349207B2 (en) 2007-10-22 2007-10-22 CONSTRUCTION OF BOVEDAS WITHOUT CIMBRA THROUGH ARCOS ESCARZANOS.

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WO (1) WO2009053515A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2385159B1 (en) * 2010-12-22 2013-05-24 Universidad De Alicante PROCEDURE FOR BUILDING UNBOUNDED DOME WITH CERAMIC ARCHES.
RS54117B1 (en) * 2011-12-02 2015-12-31 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Bridge-form industrial furnace supporting construction of fire-resistant ceramic bricks
FR3145171A1 (en) * 2023-01-22 2024-07-26 Gilles DRUMELLE Method of installing a vaulted cellar kit

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US855495A (en) * 1905-11-25 1907-06-04 Major E Baldwin Arch for furnaces and fire-boxes.
US1534177A (en) * 1922-02-18 1925-04-21 Guest Charles Roof brick
US2067414A (en) * 1935-03-18 1937-01-12 George P Reintjes Arch and arch block
US2319065A (en) * 1941-08-04 1943-05-11 New Jersey Interlocking Brick Furnace
DE1301011B (en) * 1965-07-13 1969-08-14 Veitscher Magnesitwerke Ag Refractory wedge for lining vaulted fireplaces, in particular rotary tubes, and masonry made with it
DE3714752A1 (en) * 1987-05-02 1988-11-17 Plibrico Co Gmbh Reinforcing arch for industrial furnaces

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US884498A (en) * 1907-01-25 1908-04-14 James P Gladish Concrete block.
FR593892A (en) * 1924-09-04 1925-09-01 Bergbau Betongesellschaft M B Hook and nose stones for vault and well construction
DE481676C (en) * 1926-06-30 1929-08-27 Levi Snyder Longenecker Stone for fire box ceilings

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US855495A (en) * 1905-11-25 1907-06-04 Major E Baldwin Arch for furnaces and fire-boxes.
US1534177A (en) * 1922-02-18 1925-04-21 Guest Charles Roof brick
US2067414A (en) * 1935-03-18 1937-01-12 George P Reintjes Arch and arch block
US2319065A (en) * 1941-08-04 1943-05-11 New Jersey Interlocking Brick Furnace
DE1301011B (en) * 1965-07-13 1969-08-14 Veitscher Magnesitwerke Ag Refractory wedge for lining vaulted fireplaces, in particular rotary tubes, and masonry made with it
DE3714752A1 (en) * 1987-05-02 1988-11-17 Plibrico Co Gmbh Reinforcing arch for industrial furnaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2349207B2 (en) 2011-06-10
WO2009053515A1 (en) 2009-04-30

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