ES2344155T3 - ARMOR BODY OF PLASTIC MATERIAL REINFORCED WITH FIBERS. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a reinforcing body (1) for buildings, in particular for buildings made of concrete, said reinforcing body comprising a plurality of reinforcing rods (2a, 2b) which are connected together by connecting agents (5) at connecting points (4) and which are made of fiber-reinforced plastic, said connecting agents (5) comprising connection fibers (6) which are embedded in a plastic matrix (7) and which are wound several times about the reinforcing rods (2a, 2b) at the connecting points (4).

Description

Armor body of plastic material fiber reinforced

The present invention relates to a body of armor for constructions, preferably for constructions made of concrete or other materials that hydraulically forged, which can be mixed especially with other materials, for example, materials called aggregates, according to the introductory part of claim 1. The armor body comprises several reinforcement rods joined together by joining means in places of attachment, whose reinforcing rods they are constituted by plastic materials, reinforced by fibers. Individual reinforcing rods may have the desired cross-sectional lengths and shapes, as well as Extreme zones shaped as desired. Preferably, the reinforcing rods have a round cross section, in special, at least, approximately circular, and one direction longitudinal which, at least essentially, is rectilinear.

The use of armor bodies is generally known. They are used to increase the mechanical resistance, especially for increasing resistance to traction, of concrete works. The concrete is the part main component of many construction sites, for example, constructions or bridges. In order to withstand the loads that are present in the use, however, must be incorporated especially reinforcement profiles that resist the efforts of traction in the form of reinforcement in the concrete. In addition, they have demonstrated as adequate reinforcements for concrete constructions the reinforcing rods or steel reinforcement bodies since many years.

However, steel trusses can present corrosion in case the conditions of use are especially hard, especially in humid environments or Chemicals Corrosion of steel reinforcements leads to reduction of adhesion forces, or worsening of coupling between steel and concrete, which results in cracks and concrete deformations. This determines not only one aspect unpleasant of the affected buildings, but the Corrosion of steel reinforcements can ultimately lead to weakening, and even breakage, of the construction, which It means a serious danger. For construction damage produced by corrosion repair work and high cost maintenance, to avoid hazards consequent

To avoid corrosion problems, it is known also the realization of the reinforcements with profiles of reinforcement heavy or not subject to corrosion, for example, with steels galvanized, steels coated with epoxy resins, or with steel stainless. However, these armor bodies are also only usable in a limited way in environmental conditions determined, for example, in case of high chlorine loads, they also produce high costs, which is contrary to a widespread use

In addition, effects also occur harmful to the environment. Since the bodies of Corrosion-protected armor are too expensive, it recommends the application of concrete with a thickness of 75 mm to 120 mm about steel armor known so far for sufficiently coat the steel reinforcement profiles, chasing in this way avoid corrosion. Because of the high amount of concrete related to it, a heavy burden on non-renewable natural resources. Also for high cement production, an unnecessary excess of CO 2.

As a replacement for steel reinforcements, which they are prone to corrosion, the use of reinforcement bodies of fiber reinforced plastic materials, that are designated internationally as "FRP-rebar" (FRP = Reinforced Plastic with Fibers). These FRP armor bodies are resistant against corrosion and relatively inexpensive, so that you can fight in an effective and lasting way against problems related to Corrosion with reduced costs.

Fiber reinforced plastic materials comprise combined fiber materials, in which the plastic material is combined with fibers comprising another material to achieve synergistic effects and improved characteristics of the plastic material, especially improved in the desired direction, especially as regards mechanical characteristics As fibers, for example, glass fibers can be used, which are preferably incorporated in a longitudinal direction of a profile, which is referred to as the unidirectional orientation of the fibers within the plastic material. Multiple fibers oriented parallel to each other, having a diameter, for example, of 10 to
30 µm, are surrounded by a resin matrix of plastic material. In this situation, the fibers transmit to the combined material their high resistance in the longitudinal direction, while the matrix of the resin acts by fixing the fibers in position and protecting them simultaneously against harmful influences.

Apart from individual reinforcing rods, it They also know reinforcement reinforcement of the type indicated at the beginning of plastic materials reinforced by fibers. As a means of union to effect the union of the individual rods of plastic material with each other, wire is frequently used, in special wires conventionally called as wires bracing that they are susceptible to corrosion and that can lead to The aforementioned problems. Also, these wire junctions they constitute only a temporary transport and assembly security and, on the contrary, after the hardening of the concrete, no make any significant contribution to the increase in tensile, compression and shear forces of the element concrete. These armor bodies with attached reinforcing rods by wires they are known, for example, from WO 01/26974 A2.

The so-called flanges of plastic cables that are known from the field of electrical installations for joining individual rods. However, in this way only one resistance can be achieved extraordinarily limited, as in the use of wire and individual reinforcement rods always have a relative Easy scrolling ability with each other. Also, these means of union lead mainly to armor bodies that do not optimally increase the load capacity of the body of concrete.

In addition, it is known to interlace the rods of individual reinforcement of fiber reinforced plastic material each other, which means a remarkable technical complication of manufacturing and the corresponding high costs. Also, in the case of said entanglement, at least the reinforcing rods individual should be deformed, so that way of joining cannot be used for reinforcement rods completely hardened

For the corresponding EP 0 387 968 A1 German patent DE 690 02 071 T2 is also known as body of armor using a grid cloth of the type before indicated, wherein the joining means comprise a yarn of warp that is incorporated in a matrix of plastic material as binding fibers. However, in this tissue with ligament of back, the fibers bend only to a very small extent corresponding to a very low bend rate of maximum 0.03, so that they run almost straight, essentially in a way parallel to a reinforcing rod and, therefore, at the points of union establish contact on the reinforcement rods, which they run transversely, only on one side in an area surrounding very small. This type of entanglement can lead only in any case to a body of armor that only it has a relatively small resistance and therefore no can produce optimal reinforcement of the construction of concrete.

Therefore, it is an objective of the present invention get a constructively simple armor body of the type indicated at the beginning, in which the reinforcing rods individual are linked together in a simple and effective way, of so that a very high resistance is achieved and simultaneously economic manufacturing is possible.

This objective is achieved according to the invention. according to the body of armor according to claim 1. Other advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention result from the dependent claims.

It is essential in the solution of the present invention that the binding fibers embedded in a matrix of plastic are repeatedly wound at the junction points around the reinforcing rods, so that the fibers of union are wrapped in such a way, around said rods of reinforcement, which in case of a transverse tensile stress with with respect to the longitudinal axis of a first reinforcing rod or in the case of a compression load in the longitudinal direction of a second reinforcement rod, for an individual attachment point get a bonding force S that meets the formula S> 0.3 * A_ {S} * R_ {B}, where A_ {S} is the sectional area transverse of the second reinforcing rod and R_ {B} the effort permissible work of the second reinforcement rod.

The main advantage lies in the fact that, in a surprisingly simple way, a high strength joint is achieved, especially not movable, that is, stable in terms of the position of the individual reinforcing rods with each other that can be achieved by a relatively small technical manufacturing complication and, therefore, with reduced costs. The reinforcement rods are surrounded at the junction points by multiple winding and finally hardening, thereby achieving a particularly strong bond with each other, so that a high-strength armor body is achieved that guarantees an optimum increase in resistance Concrete construction mechanics equipped with it. Extremely high bonding forces are achieved at each of the individual points of attachment that reach 5000 N in reinforcing rods with a diameter of 6 mm. This type of unions of the reinforcement rods of high resistance and simultaneously of compact general structure
they basically meet the same requirements as in the welding of armor bodies made of steel.

Especially, in the realization of unions with textile glass, as bonding fibers, and epoxy resins, as resins for the matrix, these high bonding forces can be achieved at the individual points of attachment.

In addition, no operation is necessary interlocking or interwoven reinforcement rods individual, so that these reinforcement rods should not be warp and reinforcement rods can be joined together completely hardened relatively easily and fast

By incorporating the binding fibers in the matrix of plastic material a union of the rods is achieved reinforcing each other, substantially more resistant than what it is possible in the use of the joining device by cables or wires. The joining means used according to the invention they are constituted by fiber-reinforced plastic material which may have binding fibers of the desired type, of the length and diameter desired and also with the layout desired.

Thus, no joining means are used. susceptible to corrosion, so that by a very heavy weight globally reduced body armor can be avoided from safely deformation of concrete due to corrosion as well such as cracks, breakdowns and breakage of concrete works. Of it It is also a sensible saving in terms of jobs Maintenance and repair. In addition, in this way, you can favor natural resources since the concrete in constructions that use armor, according to the invention, can be essentially thinner or can be applied in one volume substantially smaller.

It is especially advantageous in the bodies of reinforcement, according to the invention, that the joining fibers are rolled in different directions, or in different directions orientations, around a junction point. Preferably, the binding fibers will be directed at a junction point constituted in cross shape 45º to the left and also 45º to the right, effecting its winding around the crossing. This way, an especially stable union is achieved.

According to a preferred embodiment of the It is envisaged that, at a point of attachment, the fibers of attachment are cross over a reinforcing rod or both rods of reinforcement in one point or in two points. Through this form of winding can increase the resistance of the Union. In addition, it is also possible to roll the bonding fibers on the reinforcing rods at the junction points, so that both reinforcement rods are arranged without crossing and U-shaped combined.

It is especially advantageous in the body of reinforcement, according to the invention, that the binding fibers comprise glass fibers and / or aramid fibers and / or carbon fibers (= carbon fibers). However, the use of other fibers, for example, carbide fibers of silicon or boron fibers, however, if possible, the fibers of binding will comprise only fibers of a single type.

It is also favorable that the binding fibers and / or The plastic material of the plastic matrix consist of the joining points based on the same material as the fibers, or the plastic material of the reinforcement rods. In this way, it It can keep the manufacturing complication reduced.

To achieve optimal body retention of armor within the surrounding material, it is advantageous that the reinforcing rods have a profile on their outer surface, especially in the form of nerves or a filleted profile or a thread. However, irregular profiles can also be used, for example, rough surfaces using sand grains housed in the resin in the form of a kind of batter to increase the bonding forces and improve coupling.

Preferably the rods of reinforcement are arranged, at a minimum, essentially, according to a right angle. In this way, the joining means can be placed in a particularly simple way. Reinforcing rods they can be arranged, however, in any other direction desired and / or according to other angles.

According to an embodiment especially preferred of the invention, it is envisioned that the reinforcing rods are essentially arranged in a two-dimensional manner, adopting a mat structure or flat element. Preferably, the rods Individual reinforcement can be found in two planes, one on top of another, thus constituting an angle grid straight. As a flat element of armor, the body of armor, according to The invention can be used in the desired dimension, so especially favorable in flat construction elements, for example, floors or walls. It is especially advantageous in this case. that all reinforcing rods are arranged in shape rectilinear, so that a first group of reinforcing rods are spread flat in the foreground, so that a second group of reinforcing rods is also available flat in the background that runs parallel to the first. From this form is not necessary the deformation of the rods of individual reinforcement, so that they can be joined together, with the high desired resistance, reinforcement rods completely hardened, especially easily and quickly.

According to an embodiment alternative of the invention, reinforcing rods can also constitute a three-dimensional body of armor, especially a basket-shaped, pole-shaped armor body or a rack support three or four straps. In this case you can also provide additional reinforcement rods complementary that run according to an oblique angle with respect to reinforcing rods preferably arranged at an angle straight.

A possibility of use especially Versatile body armor according to the present invention can be get, therefore, so that at least one rod of Individual reinforcement is carried out in sections or completely curved shape In this case, the curvatures can be so pronounced, that is, with a radius of curvature so small, that reinforcement rods curved by sections in this way be almost straight.

In addition, it is preferably provided that several reinforcing rods are curved in a circle, so complete, that on its inner face and / or on its outer face are joined with several protection rods, preferably forming a right angle and that run at least approximately rectilinearly, constituting a tubular armor body that It can be used for example, as armor for a post. Do not However, it is also possible to make reinforcement reinforcements that they run along the inner face and / or the outer face so curved, so that armor bodies can be achieved tubular curved, for example, in the form of arcs of grating.

As an alternative, multiple reinforcing rods are curved at an angle only by sections in the form of a quadrilateral, especially a rectangle, that by the inner face and / or the outer face are joined by several reinforcing rods preferably arranged at an angle straight and at least approximately rectilinear, constituting a parallelepiped armor body. It is also possible, in this case, make the reinforcement rods that run on the side internal and / or the external side in a curved way, so that you can get an armor body with a general curved shape, especially in the form of a grid arch.

According to an embodiment preferred of the invention, the armor bodies are prefabricated in the manufacturing plant, so that the matrix of plastic material with the joining fibers embedded therein completely hardened. The armor bodies, according to the invention, can be transported completely rigid to the work, where they are incorporated into the construction or in the concrete Preferably, the joints of the rods of reinforcement will be performed mechanically with type devices gag that are available, preferably in large number, in a general production plant and that they manufacture simultaneously an equally large number, preferably the all binding windings of an armor body.

According to an embodiment alternative of the invention, the armor bodies can be also made in the form of prepregs ("Prepreg"), of so that the matrix of plastic material with the bonding fibers embedded in it is hardened only up to a certain degree, so that at the junction points you can get still a certain displacement capacity, so that the matrix of plastic material, by heat input in a moment later, it can harden completely. The use of prepregs ("Prepregs") is known per se same. An essential advantage in this case is that the body of armor can be used especially flexible and can still be conformed in the work corresponding to the real requirements, and then it can finally be set by reduced heating.

Other advantages and features of the invention they are deduced from the following description and examples of embodiment shown in the drawings.

The drawings show:

Figure 1, a view of a first body of armor, according to the invention;

Figure 2, a larger scale representation of a sectional view along the cutting line A-A of Figure 1;

Figure 3, a view of a variant of realization of a second body of armor, according to the invention;

Figure 4 shows a three-dimensional view of a third body of armor according to the invention; Y

Figure 5 shows a three-dimensional view of a fourth body of armor according to the invention.

The armor body (1) shown in the Figures 1 and 2 comprises four individual reinforcement rods (2a) and (2b) in a rectilinear manner, which are arranged so perpendicular to each other forming a double cross. In this embodiment, both reinforcing rods (2a) are arranged parallel between yes in the foreground (3a) and the other two reinforcement rods (2b) they are also arranged parallel to each other in the background (3b) on the reinforcing rods (2a). Obviously the body of reinforcement (1) may comprise, similarly to Figure 3, also a much larger number of reinforcing rods (2a) and (2b), so that figure 1 shows only a fragment of the entire reinforcement body (1).

The reinforcement rods (2a) and (2b) made in the form of the so-called FRP-rebar rods each of them consists of a plastic material reinforced with fibers so that in this case glass fibers are incorporated with an approximate proportion of 60% to 85% in a resin matrix of polyester. However, fibers can be incorporated in the same way of aramid or carbon fibers in an epoxy resin matrix or vinyl ester The reinforcing rods (2a) and (2b) made with a essentially round cross section present, in this case, all of them the same length and the same diameter as preferably it is between 5 mm and 25 mm, but that also It could be superior. To achieve adhesion forces especially high above the surrounding concrete, the reinforcement rod surfaces (2a) and (2b) are profiled presenting a slightly scratched structure. According to the case of use of the reinforcement body to be manufactured, the rods of reinforcement (2a) and (2b) may also have different diameters and / or Different lengths or shapes.

The four reinforcing rods (2a) and (2b) are joined together at the four junction points (4) by joining means (5) in paired form. Means of connection (5) they comprise, according to the invention, correspondingly, fibers of union (6), which are embedded in a matrix of plastic material (7) and that are wrapped several times around the rods of reinforcement (2a) and (2b). In this case, the resin (7) is applied with prior to the fiber material (6), so that the Fibers (6) are rolled and applied in a "wet" state. Also in the joining means (5), which comprise plastic fiber reinforced, the glass fibers (6) are surrounded by a matrix (7) of polyester resin. Especially the means of union (5) may constitute, after complete hardening of the resin (7), a means of blocking by the material.

The joining fibers (6) are wound on the reinforcement rods (2b) forming angles of + 45º and -45º, of oblique shape with respect to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing rods (2b). On the reinforcement rods (2a) it they have arranged the joining fibers (6), such that they cross each other (with reference to the drawing plane of figure 2), both in front as behind the reinforcing rods (2a). Through this form of multiple winding of the binding fibers (6) in different directions on the junction points (4), it achieves, after hardening of the resin matrix (7), a especially resistant connection of the reinforcement rods (2a) and (2b) and in this way an armor body is achieved (1) globally endowed with high stability.

The armor body (10), shown in the Figure 3, also essentially constituted two-dimensional, comprises 18 reinforcement rods (2a) and (2b) arranged perpendicularly, which are connected in a grid as a flat reinforcement element with a total of 81 points (4) of union with each other. Also in this case are the rods of reinforcement (2a) in the foreground (3a) and reinforcement rods (2b) in the background (3b).

The joining means (5), according to the invention, they comprise, as in the example described above, of correspondingly binding fibers (6) that are embedded in a matrix of plastic material (7) and rolled several times around the reinforcing rods (2a) and (2b). This way, a high strength joint of the rods of individual reinforcement (2a, 2b) with each other, which leads to a body Armor (1) stable, lightweight and completely insensitive to corrosion, which can be advantageously incorporated into layers of concrete or concrete walls. In particular, the armor body (1) can be used in bridges or constructions, as well as also in construction of tunnels for concrete or other reinforcement similar building materials.

In figures 4 and 5 bodies of armor (11) and (12) presenting three-dimensional structure in shape of a tube (figure 4) or a parallelepiped (figure 5). The armor body (11) shown in Figure 4 is constituted by two reinforcement rods (2a) circularly curved, which are joined by six reinforcing rods (2b) parallel between yes, which are fixed on the inner perimeter of the rods of reinforcement (2a) of circular shape forming right angle of shape corresponding to the invention. The armor body (12) shown in figure 5 it comprises, on the contrary, two reinforcing rods squarely constituted that are joined together by four reinforcement rods parallel to each other (2b), which are fixed correspondingly on the inner side in the four corners of the reinforcement rods (2a) of square shape forming a right angle correspondingly, according to the invention.

Also in the case of both armor body (11) and (12), the joining means (5) comprise, in a manner corresponding, at the junction points (4), around the reinforcing rods (2a) and (2b), multiple joining fibers (6) coils that are embedded in a matrix (7) of material plastic. The armor bodies (11) and (12) constituted of this so that they are very stable and completely resistant against corrosion can preferably be used as reinforcement of pillars or posts.

Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown, thus, for example, the armor bodies (1, 10, 11 and 12) may vary especially in the number and / or form and / or dimensions and / or disposition of the reinforcement rods Fibers and / or others can also be used plastic materials based on other materials. Likewise, it the joining fibers (6) can be arranged in another way. Also I know reinforcement rods can be incorporated into a body of armor different type, especially of different dimensions and / or shape.

Claims (15)

1. Reinforcement body (1) for constructions, in particular for constructions made of concrete, whose reinforcement body comprises a series of reinforcement rods (2a, 2b) connected to each other by joining means (5) at junction points ( 4) and which are made of a plastic material reinforced with fibers, said joining means (5) joining fibers (6) which are embedded in a matrix (7) of plastic material, characterized in that the joining fibers (6) they are wound several times around the reinforcing rods (2a, 2b) at the points of attachment (4), such that when a tensile or compression stress acts transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of a first reinforcing rod ( 2a, 2b) in the longitudinal direction of a second reinforcing rod (2b, 2a), a joining force S is achieved that satisfies the equation S> 0.3 * A_ {S} * R_ {B} for a point of individual union (4), with A_ {S} being the surface in cross section of the second reinforcement rod (2b, 2a) and R_ {B} the permissible working effort of the second reinforcement rod (2b, 2a). 2. Reinforcement body according to claim 1, characterized in that the joining fibers (6) are wound in different directions around a joining point (4). 3. Reinforcing body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the joining fibers (6) in a reinforcing rod (2a, 2b) or in both reinforcing rods (2a, 2b) are cut together at least at a point. 4. Reinforcing body according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the joining fibers (6) comprise glass fibers and / or aramid fibers and / or carbon fibers. 5. Reinforcement body according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joining fibers (6) and / or the plastic material of the plastic matrix (7) at the joining points (4) consists of the same material as the fibers and / or plastic material of the reinforcing rods (2a, 2b). 6. Reinforcement body according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing rods (2a, 2b) have an external profile that is specifically made as a profile with a threading capacity or preferably in the form of a thread. 7. Reinforcement body according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing rods (2a, 2b) are arranged at least substantially perpendicular to each other. 8. Reinforcement body according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement rods (2a, 2b) are arranged at least substantially in a two-dimensional manner with the structure of a flat element (1, 10). 9. Reinforcing body according to claim 8, characterized in that all reinforcing rods (2a, 2b) extend in a straight line, so that a first group of reinforcing rods (2a) extends in a first plane (3 a) and so that a second group of reinforcing rods (2b) extends in a second plane (3b) in parallel to the first plane (3a). 10. Reinforcing body according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing rods (2a, 2b) form a three-dimensional reinforcing body (11, 12), in particular a reinforcing post (11) or a reinforcing cage (12). 11. Reinforcing body according to claim 10, characterized in that at least individual reinforcing rods (2a, 2b) are curved in sections thereof or completely. 12. Reinforcement body according to claim 11, characterized in that a series of reinforcement rods (2a) are made in a circular shape and are connected inside and / or outside to a series of reinforcement rods (2b) which they extend at least approximately in a straight line, to form a tubular reinforcement body (11). 13. Reinforcement body according to claim 11, characterized in that a series of reinforcement rods (2a) are curved at an angle, at least in sections thereof, and are made in the form of a rectangle and are connected in the inside and / or outside a series of reinforcing rods (2b) that extend at least approximately in a straight line to form a reinforcement body (12) in a parallelepipedic manner. 14. Reinforcement body according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plastic matrix (7) is completely hardened with the joining fibers (6) embedded therein. 15. Reinforcement body according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said reinforcement body is made in the form of prepreg, such that the plastic matrix (7) with the joining fibers (6) embedded therein they are pre-hardened to such a degree that a certain degree of mobility is achieved at the junction points (4), so that the plastic matrix (7) is completely hardenable by heat application.