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ES2233344T3 - Casquete de anclaje acetabular. - Google Patents

Casquete de anclaje acetabular.

Info

Publication number
ES2233344T3
ES2233344T3 ES00911003T ES00911003T ES2233344T3 ES 2233344 T3 ES2233344 T3 ES 2233344T3 ES 00911003 T ES00911003 T ES 00911003T ES 00911003 T ES00911003 T ES 00911003T ES 2233344 T3 ES2233344 T3 ES 2233344T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
bone
cap
acetabular
acetabular bone
anchor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES00911003T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Olivier Bonnard
Philippe Bauchu
Alain Cypres
Arnaud Fiquet
Philippe Girardin
Daniel Noyer
Jean Moulin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Smith and Nephew Orthopaedics France SAS
Original Assignee
Ortho ID SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ortho ID SAS filed Critical Ortho ID SAS
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2233344T3 publication Critical patent/ES2233344T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/34Acetabular cups
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/064Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
    • A61B17/0642Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue for bones, e.g. for osteosynthesis or connecting tendon to bone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
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    • A61B2017/0647Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue having one single leg, e.g. tacks
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    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30354Cylindrically-shaped protrusion and recess, e.g. cylinder of circular basis
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    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30378Spherically-shaped protrusion and recess
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    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30576Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for with extending fixation tabs
    • A61F2002/30578Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for with extending fixation tabs having apertures, e.g. for receiving fixation screws
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    • A61F2002/3482Two hemispherical halves having completely different structures
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0025Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2220/0033Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementary-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0026Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in surface structures
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00952Coating, pre-coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of bone cement, e.g. pre-applied PMMA cement mantle

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Abstract

Casquete de anclaje (1) en el hueso acetabular (2) que comprende varios medios de anclaje óseos que cooperan, por su forma específica adaptada a los esfuerzos a los cuales se oponen, a la fijación inicial y después a largo plazo, en particular: - por lo menos una placa (10) dispuesta radialmente en el ecuador (61) de dicho casquete (1) destinada a recibir un medio de fijación (11) en el borde del hueso acetabular (2), - por lo menos un orificio (12) que atraviesa dicho casquete (1), cerrado por un obturador (13) y destinado a recibir después del desmontado de dicho obturador (13), una espiga (14) que penetra en el fondo posterior (200) del hueso acetabular (2), - una parte de contacto anular (3) cuyas asperezas en relieve dispuestas según varias bandas (31) sensiblemente paralelas al plano de abertura están formadas por unas gargantas radiales (32), caracterizado por: - una parte de apoyo polar en forma de porción de esfera (7) oblicua con respecto a dicho plano de abertura (6), y orientada perpendicularmente a la dirección de la resultante (8) de las fuerzas musculares (81) y de la gravedad (82), - una serie de nervaduras (9) antirrotación dispuestas radialmente y en relieve con respecto a dicha parte de apoyo polar (7), y porque dichas gargantas radiales están dirigidas hacia el polo de apoyo (7) y están alineadas de manera que converjan hacia el polo de apoyo (7) de manera que prolonguen el efecto direccional de las nervaduras (9).

Description

Casquete de anclaje acetabular.
La presente invención se refiere a un casquete de anclaje en el hueso acetabular destinado a servir de superficie de deslizamiento para una coquilla articulada sobre una prótesis femoral de cadera.
Un cotilo de fijación acetabular según la técnica anterior comprende una superficie sensiblemente semiesférica de articulación con la bola de la prótesis femoral y una forma exterior que ofrece unas asperezas o gargantas destinadas o bien a una fijación por un cemento óseo o bien a una fijación por una crecida ósea en dichas asperezas.
El empleo de cemento óseo si bien permite un comportamiento inmediato de los cotilos, presenta inconvenientes inherentes a los materiales: reacción térmica, toxicidad del componente de polimerización y sobre todo una fragilización por envejecimiento que crea unas partículas que pasan a interponerse entre las superficies articulares, y crean por ello un desgaste acelerado que conduce a una reintervención asociada a veces a una destrucción ósea.
Las armaduras metálicas para anclaje biológico por penetración ósea tienen poca estabilidad inicial y postoperatoria, sobre todo cuando el hueso acetabular de las personas de edad es de baja resistencia. La fijación secundaria definitiva sólo se obtiene después de seis a doce semanas durante las cuales la actividad del paciente debe ser moderada.
La presente invención prevé evitar los inconvenientes citados proporcionando un procedimiento de anclaje fiable y repetitivo sin necesitar la utilización de cemento para asegurar su fijación cualquiera que sea la calidad del hueso acetabular preservando al mismo tiempo la calidad del deslizamiento articular necesario de la prótesis de
cadera.
Esta invención se refiere por tanto a un sistema constituido por un casquete de anclaje cuya superficie interna está destinada a servir directamente de superficie de deslizamiento para una coquilla articulada a su vez sobre una prótesis femoral de cadera (página 1 líneas 3 a 5) y es por tanto toda la funcionalidad, y el objeto de la invención que son diferentes de las patentes tales como las de IMPACT EP 0 532 439 A, ó TULLOS US 5.658.338 o también NEGRE EP 0 771 552 A.
Efectuándose Esta fijación sin cemento difiere también del documento citado TULLOS US 5.658.338, así como de las reivindicaciones de las patentes OSCOBAL FR 2 197 561 A, HOWMEDICA EP 0 555 004 A.
Principio de la invención
A este fin, el casquete de anclaje acetabular presenta diferentes medios de fijaciones en el hueso acetabular cuya cooperación permite realizar un anclaje inicial inmediato y un comportamiento a largo plazo, mejorándose por la integración biológica en el hueso huésped del acetábulo y oponiéndose perfectamente a las fuerzas alternadas de expulsión generadas por las fases de apoyo alternativas cuando tiene lugar la marcha.
La integración biológica puede ser acelerada y aumentada por un tratamiento de superficie tal como el corindonado o por oposición de cemento bioactivo sobre toda o parte de la superficie en contacto con el hueso.
Dichos medios de fijación son de naturaleza:
-
externos a la cavidad acetabular gracias a por lo menos una placa que se apoya en/o sobre el reborde antero-externo del hueso acetabular y cuyo orificio puede recibir un medio de estabilización tal como una clavija o un elemento roscado, a título de ejemplo, que presenta un sistema antirretroceso.
-
internos a la cavidad acetabular gracias a: por lo menos una espiga que penetra en el fondo óseo de la región de los cuernos postero inferiores de dicha cavidad acetabular de manera que bloquee los movimientos relativos y permita la osteointegración sin interposición fibrosa como es el caso cuando los cuernos permanecen móviles, - y unos relieves y macroestructuras que participan y cooperan para bloquear el casquete, según las cuatro direcciones de movilización posibles: extracción perpendicular al plano de abertura de la cavidad acetabular, emigración por hundimiento en el hueso, bascula en el plano de abertura y rotación, así como sus asociaciones. Estas asperezas en relieve, forman por tanto resalte con respecto al volumen del casquete de anclaje, y están destinadas a penetrar en el hueso cuando tiene lugar la aplicación, y resisten por su indentación en el hueso al arrancado axial y a la bascula que son unas causas bien conocidas de fracaso por despegado o de movilización precoz de este tipo de implante.
Por ejemplo:
-
la extracción perpendicular es controlada por los relieves anulares de la zona cilindroesférica externa adyacente a la abertura inferior del casquete,
-
la emigración por hundimiento está controlada por el polo de apoyo orientado oblicuamente con respecto a la abertura inferior del casquete, pero directamente en el eje de presión resultante de la carga y de la acción de los glúteos,
-
la bascula es bloqueada por el efecto de retención creado por la diferencia de espesor entre la zona inferior bajo el ecuador del casquete y los relieves de la zona subyacente destinada al ajuste apretado lateral tangencial. El paso a forzamiento de esta zona de ajuste apretado se produce por una deformación elástica del hueso acetabular, en particular por la separación de sus cuernos que después de paso de la zona ecuatorial se cierran de nuevo y concurren a la vez al mantenimiento en bascula y a la retención de dicho casquete de anclaje,
-
la rotación es bloqueada gracias a las nervaduras radiales que prolongan el polo de apoyo y alcanzan los relieves anulares;
La orientación de dichas nervaduras está prolongada en la realización de los dentados verticales que definen dichos relieves anulares.
El conjunto de esta arquitectura crea una dirección de introducción privilegiada, oblicua con respecto al plano de la abertura inferior de la cavidad acetabular y en el eje global de la zona de apoyo polar, por tanto en el eje de las fuerzas ejercidas.
Descripción
La figura 1 es una vista superoanterior que muestra el aspecto externo global del casquete de anclaje (1) destinado a servir de superficie de deslizamiento para una coquilla (16) articulada sobre una prótesis femoral (17) que representa la parte de contacto anular (3) formada por la zona cilindro-esférica (5), la parte de apoyo polar (7) oblicua con respecto al ecuador (61) de dicho casquete (1), las nervaduras (9) antirrotación que irradian a partir de dicha parte de apoyo polar (7), una placa (10) dispuesta radialmente en el ecuador (61) provista de por lo menos un orificio (100) que recibe un medio de fijación (11), y un orificio (12) que atraviesa dicho casquete (1) provisto de una espiga (14) dirigida hacia la parte posteroinferior para anclarse en los cuernos de la cavidad acetabular (2).
La figura 2 representa una vista en detalle de un modo de realización de la parte de contacto anular (3) con unas bandas en relieve (31) sensiblemente paralelas al ecuador (61) de dicho casquete (1), y unas gargantas (32) sensiblemente perpendiculares al ecuador (61), que pueden en un modo de realización preferido, estar en la dirección del polo de apoyo oblicuo (7) de manera que prolonguen el efecto directivo de las nervaduras (9).
La figura 3 representa un modo de realización de las nervaduras (9) y sus posiciones radiales alrededor del polo en la dirección de la resultante de las fuerzas musculares y de apoyo (8) con el efecto de relieve destinado a hacer penetrar dichas nervaduras (9) en el hueso acetabular (2) cuando tiene lugar la impacción a forzamiento de dicho casquete (1).
Preferentemente, las nervaduras (9) están en relieve con respecto a la esfera teórica y sobresalen del polo de apoyo (7).
La figura 4 muestra la diferencia de diámetro entre la zona de ajuste apretado tangencial realizada por la parte de contacto anular (3) cilindro-esférica inmediatamente por encima del ecuador (61), y la zona lisa (62) por debajo del ecuador cuya retirada permite al reborde óseo cerrarse y aprisionar el casquete de anclaje (1).
La figura 5 es una vista de la placa (10) que recibe por lo menos un orificio (100) y a título de ejemplo un modo de realización del medio de fijación (11) destinado a ser introducido en dicho orificio (100). Preferentemente, este medio de fijación puede estar ideado para no retroceder una vez introducido en dicho orificio (100). El casquete de anclaje (1) en el hueso acetabular (2) presenta por lo menos una placa (10) dispuesta en la periferia de dicho casquete (1), preferentemente a distancia de su plano de abertura (6), en la unión de la zona cilíndrica lisa (62) y de la zona de contacto anular (3), a fin de aumentar la estabilidad de las piezas articulares femorales (16), por el desbordado óseo de dicha zona lisa (62) por debajo del ecuador. Esta placa está preferentemente inclinada hacia el polo de apoyo (7) de manera que se adapte al reborde óseo de la cavidad acetabular (2) sin necesidad de modelado in situ.
Las figuras 6 y 6 bis representan a título de ejemplo una espiga (14) en un orificio (12) y un obturador (13) en el otro orificio (12) así como sus posiciones respectivas con respecto a los cuernos postero-inferiores (201 y 202) que contribuyen a bloquear.
El casquete de anclaje (1) en el hueso acetabular (2) presenta sobre la cara convexa de anclaje óseo una aplicación de revestimiento bioactivo para acelerar el proceso de cicatrización de los tejidos óseos periféricos.
El casquete de anclaje (1) en el hueso acetabular (2) puede presentar sobre la cara convexa de anclaje óseo un tratamiento de superficie preferentemente agresivo, del tipo corindonado a título de ejemplo, para permitir el enganche del hueso periférico.
El casquete de anclaje (1) en el hueso acetabular (2) puede comprender por lo menos 2 espigas (14) que penetran en los cuernos (201 y 202) del fondo posterior óseo (200) para bloquear sus movimientos relativos.

Claims (7)

1. Casquete de anclaje (1) en el hueso acetabular (2) que comprende varios medios de anclaje óseos que cooperan, por su forma específica adaptada a los esfuerzos a los cuales se oponen, a la fijación inicial y después a largo plazo, en particular:
-
por lo menos una placa (10) dispuesta radialmente en el ecuador (61) de dicho casquete (1) destinada a recibir un medio de fijación (11) en el borde del hueso acetabular (2),
-
por lo menos un orificio (12) que atraviesa dicho casquete (1), cerrado por un obturador (13) y destinado a recibir después del desmontado de dicho obturador (13), una espiga (14) que penetra en el fondo posterior (200) del hueso acetabular (2),
-
una parte de contacto anular (3) cuyas asperezas en relieve dispuestas según varias bandas (31) sensiblemente paralelas al plano de abertura están formadas por unas gargantas radiales (32),
caracterizado por:
-
una parte de apoyo polar en forma de porción de esfera (7) oblicua con respecto a dicho plano de abertura (6), y orientada perpendicularmente a la dirección de la resultante (8) de las fuerzas musculares (81) y de la gravedad (82),
-
una serie de nervaduras (9) antirrotación dispuestas radialmente y en relieve con respecto a dicha parte de apoyo polar (7),
y porque dichas gargantas radiales están dirigidas hacia el polo de apoyo (7) y están alineadas de manera que converjan hacia el polo de apoyo (7) de manera que prolonguen el efecto direccional de las nervaduras (9).
2. Casquete de anclaje (1) en el hueso acetabular (2) según la reivindicación 1, que comprende una cara interna globalmente cilindro-esférica cóncava.
3. Casquete de anclaje (1) en el hueso acetabular (2) según las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, que presenta sobre la cara convexa de anclaje óseo un tratamiento de superficie preferentemente agresivo, del tipo corindonado a título de ejemplo, para permitir el enganche del hueso periférico.
4. Casquete de anclaje (1) en el hueso acetabular (2) según las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, que presenta sobre la cara convexa de anclaje óseo una aplicación de cemento bioactivo para acelerar el proceso de cicatrización de los tejidos óseos periféricos.
5. Casquete de anclaje (1) en el hueso acetabular (2) según las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, que comprende por lo menos 2 espigas (14) que penetran en los cuernos (201 y 202) del fondo posterior óseo (200) para bloquear sus movimientos relativos.
6. Casquete de anclaje (1) en el hueso acetabular (2) según las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, destinado a servir de superficie de deslizamiento para una coquilla (16) articulada sobre una prótesis femoral (17).
7. Casquete de anclaje (1) en el hueso acetabular (2) según las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, que presenta por lo menos una placa (10) dispuesta en la periferia de dicho casquete (1), preferentemente a distancia de su plano de abertura (6), en la unión cilíndrica lisa (62) y de la zona de contacto anular (3), a fin de aumentar la estabilidad de las piezas articulares femorales (16), por el desbordado óseo de dicha zona lisa (62) por debajo del ecuador, estando esta placa preferentemente inclinada hacia el polo de apoyo (7) de manera que se adapte al reborde óseo de la cavidad acetabular (2) sin necesidad de modelado in situ.
ES00911003T 1998-09-24 2000-03-20 Casquete de anclaje acetabular. Expired - Lifetime ES2233344T3 (es)

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