ES2286148T3 - COMPOSTIONS IGNIFUGAS ESPESADAS WITH BIOPOLIMERO. - Google Patents

Abstract

Flame retardant composition comprising: at least one flame retardant composed of at least one ammonium polyphosphate and at least one biopolymer with an average particle diameter of less than about 100 microns in weight.

Description

Thickened flame retardant compositions with biopolymer

Cross reference to related requests

Priority is claimed in the provisions of 35 U.S.C. \ NAK119 (e) for the provisional US application Serial number 60 / 253,387, filed on November 28, 2000, which is incorporated herein by reference in its whole.

Declaration regarding research or development with federal grant

Not applicable.

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to compositions Flame retardant with thickened biopolymer. More specifically, the invention relates to ammonium polyphosphate concentrates and others solutions containing at least one biopolymer intended for Improve rheological advantages.

Background

The aerial application of compositions is usual thickened flame retardants to combat the spread of fires in wild lands The composition of fire retardant concentrates designed to channel and control wildland fires They are generally of two types, which when mixed or diluted with water until the concentration of final use, produce a thickened rubber solution, and those that do not contain a thickener of gum and, consequently, produce aqueous solutions that are not rheologically modified. These aqueous flame retardant solutions You have inferior drip characteristics. The above can be supplied in the form of dry powders, in the form of suspensions, or grouts, which are generally called fluids. The concentrates that produce aqueous solutions when diluted with water can also contain suspended components, but generally They call liquid concentrates. Some are preferred by some fire retardant concentrates that are supplied in the form of fluids or liquids because they can be easily and easily diluted until final use concentration with little mixing equipment and workforce.

Liquids with ammonium polyphosphate have Used as flame retardants applied from the air. These liquids they have certain advantages compared to others flame retardant compositions as they can be transported and stored before use in liquid form instead of mixing to from the dry ingredients. However, fire retardants concentrated liquids and solutions prepared from these are highly corrosive to aluminum and brass and moderately corrosive to other building materials used in handling, storage and equipment application. As used herein, all Metals include their alloys. Therefore, aluminum includes 2024T3, 6061 and 7074 aluminum, steel includes steel 1010 and 4130 and brass includes yellow and naval brass. Dice that fire retardants in wild lands are transported with more frequency by fire and applied from the air, it is imperative minimizing corrosion damage to the materials of construction of fixed-wing airplanes and helicopters.

Therefore, the Department of Agriculture ("USDA") Forest Service of the United States has established, in "Specification 5100-304b (January 2000) Superseding Specification 5100-00304a (February 1986) ", entitled" Specification for Long-Term Retardant, Windland Fire, Aircraft or Ground Application "(en forward, "Forest Service Specifications"), incorporated by the present as a reference in its entirety, the speeds of maximum permissible corrosion for 2024T3 aluminum, steel 4130, yellow brass and magnesium Az-31-B. For example, the corrosivity of forest fire retardants, in the concentrate, for Aluminum, steel, yellow brass and magnesium should not exceed 5.0 mils ("thousandths of an inch") per year (mpa) determined for the "Uniform corrosion" test published in the section USD.5.3.5.1, Forest Service Specifications mentioned previously. Forest Service Specifications identify the maximum acceptable amount of corrosion when both concentrate Flame retardant as its diluted solutions are exposed to each metal indicated above at temperatures between 70º Fahrenheit ("F") and 120ºF in configurations both total and partially submerged The maximum permissible corrosivity of diluted solutions of the flame retardant applied from the air to the Aluminum is 2.0 mpa and the maximum corrosivity for brass and Steel is 5.0 mpa when partially submerged and 2.0 when It is tested under partially submerged conditions. In the partially submerged configurations, half of the specimen is in the solution and half is exposed to the vapors in the airspace above the solution. In the product you Applies from helicopters equipped with fixed tanks, the corrosivity of flame retardants for magnesium should not exceed 5.0 mpa

In an effort to channel the problems of corrosivity found by the use of ammonium polyphosphates of fertilizer quality, sodium ferrocyanide was incorporated into the corrosive compositions It has been shown that ferrocyanide sodium is an effective corrosion inhibitor in the compositions flame retardants containing polyphosphate fertilizer solutions ammonium However, although sodium ferrocyanide is effective as corrosion inhibitor several drawbacks of its use make unacceptable its incorporation into flame retardant compositions in wildland fires. Specifically, at best cases, environmental and toxicological safety of ferro (i) cyanides is questionable. When exposed at acidic conditions and / or ultraviolet radiation of the rays natural solar, the radical ferro (i) cyanide is easily degrades by releasing free iron and cyanide and / or cyanide from hydrogen, which are toxic to man, animals and life aquatic In addition, the free iron that emanates from either the decomposition of a part of the radical ferro (i) cyanide, or is introduced from others components or impurities in the composition, will react subsequently with the ferro (i) remaining cyanide no decomposed to form ferricyanide ("Turnbull blue") or ferrocyanide ("Prussian blue"), which emits a blue coloration persistent dark, staining everything that comes in contact. In Consequently, ferricyanide or ferricyanide cannot be used in flame retardants that are exposed to discolor and become invisible over time, for example, in fireproof fleeting compositions.

The magnitude of the previous concerns increases since wildland fire retardants are applied generally from the air in a manner not fully controlled. Due to the presence of variables such as the vegetation cover, smoke or the shot of the wind that impacts the trajectory of the free fall solution, fire retardant solutions for land wild animals applied from the air can fall on or near people, animals and bodies of water or on the ground where you could Enter the water supply.

In addition, the rheological properties of fire retardant solutions for wild lands during periods of extreme and mitigated deprivation, and its elasticity are recognized as important rheological characteristics. Rheological properties of the fireproof solutions for forest and lowland land are important because they significantly affect the performance of the flame retardant during and after the air discharge and the further distribution at fuel scale. The degree of dispersion, integrity of flame retardant fog, magnitude of change produced by the wind, as well as continuity of coverage, retention and penetration of the fuel complex are among the Affected characteristics related to performance. The flame retardant solutions, which show increased viscosity and elastic properties are more desired because they are less affected by the extreme forces found in the aerial application, p. ex. effects of wind, gravity and shear force due to moment of progress.

Historically, flame retardant solutions for wild lands, prepared for application, have been three General rheological types: (1) liquid fertilizer solutions not thickened with low viscosity and elasticity effective; (2) aqueous ammonium sulfate solutions thickened with clay with large apparent viscosity, but low effective viscosity and no elasticity; and (3) high viscosity, pseudoplastic and elastic solutions phosphate and / or ammonium sulfate thickened with rubber, which maintain a increased viscosity level and elasticity even when subject to large amounts of shear.

Guar gums, natural polysaccharides that extracted from guar beans, they have been used in fire retardants applied by air to increase the rheological properties of flame retardant solutions Guar rubber thickeners work from acceptable way when the flame retardant composition based on ammonium polyphosphate is diluted relatively soon after preparation. The degradation rate of guar rubber thickener varies with the composition of quality ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer, and it can be as short as a few hours. Without However, when the concentrated flame retardant is stored for more than approximately one week, the viscosity index decreases to An unacceptable level. For example, experiments have shown that the flame retardant concentrates of the flame of ammonium polyphosphate thickened with guar gum stored for a month or more, before dilution have little tendency to increase viscosity for several hours and do not reach their expected viscosity level for maybe a week or more. Since the land fires wild occur in an unplanned manner and a quick response to treat them, this kind of behavior is undesirable.

Xanthan biopolymer thickeners conventional that have average particle diameters of weight in excess of approximately 100 microns have been used to alter the rheological characteristics of flame retardants applied via Aerial Commercially conventional xanthan biopolymers available include, but are not limited to Kelzan® and Kelzan S® of CP Kelco, Wilmington, DE, and Xanthan AC® from Jungbunzlauer International AG, Basel, Switzerland. However, like guar gums, conventional xanthan biopolymer thickeners work unacceptably when stored in compositions of liquid ammonium polyphosphate. Even when they are freshly prepared, flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate concentrates containing these conventional xanthan biopolymers have a capacity decreased to increase the viscosity of the solution so punctual in the subsequent dilution with water. As such, the use of conventional xanthan biopolymer thickeners to improve the rheological characteristics of the flame retardant compositions of Ammonium polyphosphate type for aerial application is less desired.

Therefore, there is a need to provide fire retardant for safe and acceptable wild lands for extinction or control of wildland fires other than corrosives for equipment associated with transport, handling and application of the flame retardant and have favorable characteristics rheological and aerial application and are suitable both from a environmental point of view as toxicological, thus preventing The above drawbacks.

Summary of the invention

When overcoming the previous inconveniences, a objective of the invention is to produce a composition fire retardant for wild lands that has characteristics favorable rheological and aerial application and be appropriate from a environmental and toxicological point of view.

The above and other objectives are met by the present invention, which provides a flame retardant composition that it comprises at least one flame retardant composed of at least one ammonium polyphosphate and at least one biopolymer with a average particle diameter weighing less than about 100 microns

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a flame retardant composition comprising at least one flame retardant that includes at least one ammonium polyphosphate and so less a xanthan biopolymer.

Even in a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for extinguishing fires in wild lands that includes application from the air to the wildland vegetation, ahead of the fire on land wild, a flame retardant composition that consists of water and fire retardant compositions of inhibited corrosion described above of the invention.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method of preparing the compositions flame retardants described above of the invention which includes the formation of an intermediate concentrate composition that includes the flame retardant compositions described above of the invention and diluting the intermediate concentrate with water to form the flame retardant composition of the invention.

Brief description of the drawings

Not applicable.

Description of the invention

According to the present invention, it has been discovered that a flame retardant composition having a reduced tendency to corrode various metals, including aluminum, which is superior in toxicological and environmental safety to known flame retardants. The corrosion inhibitor fire retardant invention includes at least one composite flame retardant composition of at least ammonium polyphosphate and a system that inhibits Corrosion compound of at least one compound inhibitor of corrosion selected from a group of inhibitor compounds of corrosion consisting of azoles, insoluble ferric pyrophosphate (mixtures of insoluble ferric pyrophosphate and sodium citrate), soluble ferric pyrophosphate, ferrous oxalate, ferric citrate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium ferric citrate, ferric orthophosphate insoluble, soluble ferric orthophosphate, ammonium ferric oxalate, ammonium ferric sulfate, ferric bromide, sodium ferric oxalate, ferric stearate, ferric sulfate, ferrous acetate, sulfate ferrous ammonium, ferrous bromide, ferrous gluconate, ferrous iodide, ferric acetate, ferric fluoroborate, ferric hydroxide, fumarate ferrous, ferrous oxalate, ferrous oxide, ferric lactate, resin ferric and any combination thereof. Generally the corrosion inhibitor system is present in a smaller amount effective to significantly reduce the corrosivity of the flame retardant composition.

In an embodiment of the invention, a small amount of at least one biopolymer is added to the flame retardant compositions of the invention. When small amounts of biopolymers are added to the flame retardant compositions of the invention, an additional reduction in the corrosivity of aluminum is experienced. As shown in Tables 7a and 7b above, the flame retardant corrosion inhibition compositions of the invention containing biopolymers meet the corrosion requirements in both concentrated and diluted solution. Generally, the concentrated flame retardant compositions of the invention are in the range between about 0.01% and about 5.0% biopolymer, and preferably at least about 0.5% biopolymer. However, as one skilled in the art will appreciate, compositions comprising biopolymer concentrations outside this range are also effective. In addition, biopolymers having particle diameters outside the previous range can be incorporated into the compositions of the invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. For example, flame retardant compositions containing biopolymers with average particle diameters of weight greater than about 100 microns in combination with biopolymers with average particle diameters of weight less than about 100 microns should be apparent to one skilled in the art.
matter.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the flame retardant composition, in concentrated form, comprises approximately 1.0% biopolymer. In another embodiment specific to the invention, the flame retardant composition comprises approximately 3.0% biopolymer, in the concentrate. Even in another specific embodiment of the invention, the flame retardant composition comprises about 0.5% biopolymer, in the concentrate.

The biopolymer can be any biopolymer having an average particle diameter of less than weight approximately 100 microns The biopolymers suitable for your Use in the present invention include, but are not limited to rhamsan, xanthan and welan biopolymers with particle diameters media weighing less than 100 microns. Xanthan Thickeners Conventional with higher average weight particle diameters at approximately 100 microns work unacceptably when They are stored for more than a few days in contact with Liquid ammonium polyphosphate compositions. However, the inventors have discovered that reducing particle diameter of biopolymers improves the ability of biopolymers to rapidly increase the viscosity of the flame retardant composition in the subsequent dilution with water and presents corrosion inhibition increased, generally.

For example, a xanthan biopolymer, with a weighted average particle diameter in the range between about 100 and about 180 microns works from unacceptable form in the flame retardant composition of the present invention while a chemically identical xanthan gum with a mean particle diameter in the range between about 20 and about 70 microns works from acceptable way.

In one embodiment, the flame retardant corrosion inhibited compositions of the invention include at least one xanthan biopolymer with an average particle diameter of less than about 100 microns in weight. Unlike the prior art flame retardant compositions containing guar gum thickeners, and conventional xanthan biopolymers with an average particle diameter of weight greater than about 100 microns, the viscosity index of the flame retardant compositions of the invention that are composed By xanthan biopolymer they have a viscosity development that is not affected by the time the polymer is in contact with the flame retardant solution of ammonium polyphosphate. Some xanthan biopolymers suitable for use in the present invention are found in Xanthan Gum-natural biogum for scientific water control , fifth edition, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The flame retardant compositions of the invention of inhibited corrosion, specially adapted to the application since the air for wildland fires, are prepared by forming a intermediate concentrate composition comprising at least a flame retardant composition containing the inhibitor system of corrosion described above. The intermediate concentrate is then dilute with water to form the flame retardant composition of the invention of inhibited corrosion. Generally the flame retardant compositions of the invention are included in the range between about 0.00224% and about 1.12% of biopolymer in the final mixed composition (after dilution) and preferably, at least 0.112% biopolymer in the final mixed composition. However, as an expert will appreciate matter, compositions comprising concentrations of Biopolymers outside this range are also effective.

In a specific embodiment, the flame retardant compositions of the invention comprise approximately 0.112% biopolymer in dilute solution. In another form of specific embodiment, the flame retardant compositions of the invention they comprise 0.224% biopolymer in dilute solution. Even in another specific embodiment, the flame retardant compositions of the invention comprise about 0.672% biopolymer in diluted solution

According to the present invention, the flame retardant of the invention includes a flame retardant composed of at least one ammonium polyphosphate Ammonium polyphosphate is also called polyammonium phosphate and may include ortho-, pyro and polyphostat, other ammonium phosphates, such as metaphosphates, alkali metal equivalents thereof, as well as a mixture of phosphate polymers.

The ammonium polyphosphate solutions that used as agricultural fertilizer and fire retardant for land wild (vegetative) are prepared by neutralizing solutions aqueous phosphoric acid in wet process, which contains overall about 68% to about 74% of phosphorus pentoxide with anhydrous ammonia such that it They experience both temperatures and high pressures. When they prepare in this way a part of the impure orthophosphoric acid polymerizes or condenses, resulting in the formation of pyrophosphate, short chain polyphosphates and, in most cases, small amounts of cyclic phosphates or metaphosphates. This fraction of acid that does not polymerize, of course, remains as orthophosphoric acid. The ammoniation of this mixture of species phosphate is produced in the reactor, too, producing a aqueous solution containing ammonium phosphate species, ortho, Piro, tripoli, tetrapoli and some of superior and cyclic chain. These condensed phosphates generally show an increase in water solubility compared to orthophosphates and, for consequently, much more concentrated solutions can be prepared when they are present The relative concentrations of several species depend mainly on temperature and pressure achieved inside the reactor. Commercial solutions contain generally from about 34% to about 37% phosphorus pentoxide. Phosphorus Pentoxide Concentrations approximately 37% approach the limits of water solubility producing solutions that are not stable, in which can precipitate solids during storage at room temperature. Solutions of this type are called generally liquid concentrates 10-34-0 u 11-37-0, the numerical denomination is  refers to the percentage of its composition in plant nutrients, it is that is, ammoniacal nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and oxide of potassium.

Note that the condensed phosphates that are present in liquid concentrate solutions are subjected to hydrolysis that produces polymerization. The speed of hydrolytic degradation increases with time, temperature and relative acidity of the solution. Therefore the concentrates of ammonium polyphosphate and its solutions may vary in species composition as they are received and as Time progresses during further storage.

These liquid concentrates may contain also small amounts of diammonium sulfate and a multitude of metal and alkali metal impurities. The quantity and quality of These impurities vary with the composition of the phosphate mineral, the procedure used and the extent of purification that performed during the preparation of phosphoric acid by the wet procedure Since these solutions are prepared mainly as nutrients, the control parameters of Quality of greatest interest are the percentages of its nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) contents and transparency, solubility and solution color rather than purity itself.

The corrosion inhibitor system of the invention is composed of at least one compound inhibitor of corrosion selected from the group of inhibitor compounds of corrosion consisting of azoles, insoluble ferric pyrophosphate, soluble ferric pyrophosphate, ferrous oxalate, ferric citrate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium ferric citrate, ferric orthophosphate insoluble, soluble ferric orthophosphate, ammonium ferric oxalate, ammonium ferric sulfate, ferric bromide, sodium ferric oxalate, ferric stearate, ferric sulfate, ferrous acetate, sulfate ferrous ammonium, ferrous bromide, ferrous gluconate, ferrous iodide, ferric acetate, ferric fluoroborate, ferric hydroxide, oleate ferric, ferrous fumarate, ferrous oxalate, ferrous oxide, lactate ferric, ferric resin and any combination thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the inhibitor system of corrosion consists of at least one compound inhibitor of corrosion and at least one corrosion inhibitor compound insoluble. The combination of said soluble and insoluble compounds containing iron seems to provide the optimal combination of corrosion inhibition.

A smaller amount of inhibitor system corrosion of the invention effective to considerably reduce the corrosivity of the flame retardant composition is included in the Flame retardant corrosion inhibited composition of the invention. A less effective amount of corrosion inhibitor system is the amount that greatly reduces the corrosivity of the flame retardant. As will be apparent to an expert in the field, what constitutes a considerable reduction in corrosivity is very dependent on the specific fire retardant used in the flame retardant composition of the invention, as well as the composition specific to the corrosion inhibitor system and can be determined easily without excessive experimentation.

In one embodiment, the system corrosion inhibitor of the invention is present in an amount  less effective in the flame retardant composition of inhibited corrosion, in the concentrate, to obtain at least maximum corrosivity from aluminum up to 5.0 mpa, from yellow brass up to 5.0 mpa and from steel up to 5.0 mpa determined by the "Corrosion test uniform "published in section 4.5.6.1.2 of the "Specification 5100-304b (January 2000) Superseding Specification 5100-304a (February 1986) ", entitled" Specification for Long-Term Retardant, Windland Fire, Aircraft or Ground Application ", published by the USDA, and incorporated herein as reference in its entirety.

In a specific embodiment, the corrosion inhibitor system of the invention is comprised in the range between about 0.01% and about 10.0% of the Flame retardant corrosion inhibited. In another embodiment specific, the corrosion inhibitor system of the invention is in the range between approximately 0.3% and approximately 6.0% of the corrosion inhibited flame retardant. Even in specific embodiment, the inhibitor system of the corrosion of the invention is in the range between approximately 0.6% and approximately 5.0% of the flame retardant total inhibited corrosion.

Prior to use, and in an embodiment of the invention, the inhibited corrosion compositions of the invention are mixed with water to form diluted solutions containing the amount of phosphorus pentoxide required to achieve the maximum amount of vegetation cover to a sufficient application rate to reduce the flammability of vegetable fuels to the desired level. The water used in the composition of the invention may be tap water or water from other convenient water sources. Generally, the compositions are diluted one part of concentrate in the range between approximately three to seven parts of water. In a specific embodiment, the compositions of the invention are diluted one part of concentrate in the range of approximately four to six parts of water. However, it should be noted that the compositions of the invention can be diluted outside the above ranges, for example when it is desired to improve the penetration of the
flame retardant

In a specific embodiment, the compositions of the invention are mixed with water to form diluted solutions containing the amount of pentoxide of phosphorus required to meet the efficiency requirements of the USDA Forest Service Specification flame retardant. This concentration, which is determined by the efficacy test of the combustion delay described in the Forest Service Specification 5100-304b, from USDA, "4.5.2. Efficacy test by combustion delay ", will generally depend on percentage of phosphorus pentoxide present in the composition concentrated and the scope of its availability to delay reactions. The flame retardant composition of the corrosion invention inhibited is typically diluted to an amount effective to achieve maximum vegetation coverage at an application rate enough to reduce flammable fuels to a level wanted. The minimum USDA, Forest Service Specifications, for efficiency of combustion delay, specified in the Specification 5100-304b, is usually obtained when the flame retardant concentrate of the invention of inhibited corrosion diluted with about 1 to about 8 volumes of Water.

To extinguish wildland fires, the flame retardant compositions of the invention of inhibited corrosion they are diluted with water and applied to the threatened vegetation, for in front of fire in nearby wild land. Ammonia is released both ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate at temperatures below the ignition temperature of the fuel. Such as Ammonium sulfates are used herein include ammonium thiosulfate. Therefore, sulfuric acids include thiosulfuric acid. Both phosphoric and sulfuric acids they are in principle effective flame retardant acids. Phosphoric acid will remain present and effective with vegetable fuel until temperatures above 600 ° C. However, the boiling point  of sulfuric acid is much lower and the amount present It will decrease as the temperature of the fuel increases. From this way, at least a part of the sulfuric acid is still present at the ignition temperature of the fuel. Acids resulting minerals subsequently react with the components Cellulosics of vegetable fuels on which they are applied. Its thermal decomposition is therefore altered in such a way that They do not serve as fuels. These reactions are described in the US Patent No. 4,839,065 to Vandersall, which is incorporated into the present memory as a reference in its entirety.

The flame retardant compositions of the invention They may also contain suspended agents. The agents in suspension effectively reduce the separation rate and sedimentation during long-term storage. Of this way, as one skilled in the art would appreciate, the amount of suspension agent depends on its relative effectiveness per unit applied, of the desired storage length and of the additives additional incorporated into the compositions of the invention. Such As used herein, suspending agents useful in the compositions of the invention include clays colloidal, for example, Attapulgus, Fuller's land, sepiolite, Montmorillonite and kaolin clay. As used herein memory, Attapulgus clay includes, but is not limited to attapulgita and palygorskita. As used herein memory, kaolin clay includes, but is not limited to kaolinite, [Al_ {2} Si_ {2} O_ {7} -2 (H2O)] and [Al_ {2} O3 {-2} SiO2 {-2} (H2O)].

As is evident to experts in the matter, the inhibited corrosion flame retardant of the invention can contain or mix with other functional components such as suspending agents, coloring agents, surfactants, stabilizers, covering agents, other corrosion inhibitors, any combination thereof, or with other components functional.

For example, and in an embodiment of the invention, flame retardant compositions of inhibited corrosion of the Invention include at least one very colored pigment. He Colored pigment is incorporated to aid identification visual of treated and untreated vegetation. Pigments very Suitable colors include iron oxide, which produces many colors like brown and red, titanium dioxide pigments, that produce a white color or a dye sensitive to ultraviolet dispersed in biodegradable plastic. But nevertheless, for certain uses, such as along the edges of the roads or in parks, you may want to exclude any dye of the mixture. Therefore, as an expert would appreciate matter, the amount of dye or pigment incorporated into compositions of the invention depends on the degree of dilution and visibility contemplated by the user. Visibility is obtained normally with red iron oxide when present in the diluted solution in the range between about 0.15% and approximately 0.4%, depending on the characteristics of the colorant and of the vegetal and topographic characteristics of what it applies to. The amount to be incorporated in the concentrate it will, of course, oscillate with the speed of dilution required to provide flame retardant efficacy adequate.

In another embodiment, the present invention includes at least one of the red iron oxide or brown iron oxide or a combination thereof. In other Still, the present invention includes a fleeting coloring agent, whose color pales on exposure to elements. In a further embodiment, the present invention includes specifying pigments, which are usually not very colored, but they have the capacity to cover and hide what which is deposited on top so that a very colored pigment is It becomes more visible.

Surfactants may also be added to increase visibility, by generating a foam, and to improve the penetration of the flame retardant solution in fuels porous Therefore, as any expert in the matter, quantity and type of surfactant incorporated in the compositions of the invention depends on the degree of dilution and visibility contemplated by the user.

It has been discovered that azoles are inhibitors Corrosion effective for brass. In an embodiment of the invention, the compositions of the invention comprise less an azol. As used herein, an azol is any of a group of chemical compounds with a ring of Five elements containing one or more nitrogen atoms. The Azoles suitable for use in corrosion retardants Inhibited of the invention include, but are not limited to tolyltriazole, benzotriazole, mercaptobenzothiazole, dimercaptothiadiazole, 1,2-benzothiazoline-3,1,2-benzimidazolone, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzotriazole, tolylimidazole, 2- (5-ethyl-2-pyridyl) benzimidazole, phthalimide, any of the alkali metal salts of same. The amount of azol or other corrosion inhibitor depends on the corrosive metal for which resistance to the corrosion, the desired resistance level and concentration specific to the flame retardant composition used, including compounds that inhibit contents therein.

However, in an embodiment of the invention, fire retardant concentrates of inhibited corrosion they comprise at least one azol, present in a smaller amount to obtain a corrosivity of yellow brass up to a maximum of 5.0 mpa determined by the "Uniform corrosion test" published in section 5.4.6.1 of the "Specification 5100-304b (January 2000) Superseding Specification 5100-304a (February 1986) ", titled "Specification for Long Term Retardant, Wildland Fire, Aircraft or Ground Application ", published by the USDA. In another form of specific embodiment of the invention, the flame retardant concentrate of the invention comprises in the range between about 0.01% and about 1.0% tolyltriazole. Even in another form of specific embodiment, the composition of the invention includes in the range between about 0.2% and about 0.6% of tolyltriazole Even in another specific embodiment, the composition of the invention includes in the interval between about 0.3% and about 0.5% tolyltriazole.

A procedure of corrosion inhibition using the inhibition system of the corrosion of the invention described above. According to him method of the invention, a material is provided corrosive and contacts at least one agent suspension, and the effective amount of the inhibitor system of the corrosion of the invention to considerably reduce the corrosivity of the flame retardant.

In one embodiment, the material corrosive is selected from the group of corrosive materials  constituted by steel, brass, aluminum and any of its alloys

Before use, and in a form of embodiment of the invention, the flame retardant corrosion composition inhibited of the invention and the biopolymer, if present, is mix with water before or during contact with the material corrosible The water used in the composition of the invention it can be tap water or water from other water sources convenient.

In one embodiment, the system corrosion inhibitor includes at least one additive selected from among the group of additives that includes suspending agents, coloring agents, surfactants, stabilizers, agents covers, corrosion inhibitors and any combination of same.

Although flame retardant corrosion compositions inhibited of the invention reduce the corrosivity of aluminum in absence of biopolymers, biopolymers do not reduce so significant corrosion of aluminum in the absence of the system corrosion inhibitor of the invention. However, it has discovered that the flame retardant compositions of the invention that include at least one biopolymer, described above, improve the rheological characteristics of the retarders of the invention in the absence of the corrosion inhibitor system. Specifically, the increase in viscosity is presented in solutions diluted comprising the flame retardant corrosion composition inhibited described above containing biopolymer, in absence of the corrosion inhibitor system of the invention. By consequently, and in one embodiment, the compositions flame retardants of the invention comprise at least one composition fire retardant described above composed of at least one ammonium polyphosphate, and at least one biopolymer described previously with an average particle diameter of less than approximately 100 microns This embodiment, which does not includes the corrosion inhibitor system described above from the invention will be referred to herein after flame retardant compositions with increased viscosity of the invention.

Although suspending agents can used in the flame retardant compositions of the invention, the use of suspending agents is not necessary for meet the improved rheological and / or anticorrosive characteristics of the compositions of the invention.

Flame retardant compositions with viscosity augmented of the invention are generally comprised in the range of about 0.1% to about 5% of biopolymer, in the concentrate composition and preferably, at least about 0.5% biopolymer. But nevertheless, as one skilled in the art will appreciate, the compositions that comprise biopolymer concentrations outside this range they are also effective in increasing the viscosity of Flame retardant compositions.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, flame retardant compositions with increased viscosity of the invention, in the concentrate, comprises approximately 1.0% of biopolymer In another specific embodiment of the invention, flame retardant compositions with increased viscosity of the invention, in the concentrate, comprises approximately 3.0% of biopolymer Even in another specific embodiment, the flame retardant compositions of the invention, in the concentrate, They comprise approximately 0.5% biopolymer.

In a specific embodiment, the flame retardant compositions with increased viscosity of the invention include at least one xanthan biopolymer described previously. In another specific embodiment, the flame retardant compositions with increased viscosity of the invention include at least one flame retardant composition composed of at minus an ammonium polyphosphate, in the range between approximately 0.01% and approximately 5.0% of at least one biopolymer of xanthan with an average particle diameter of less than weight approximately 100 microns, in the concentrate, in the interval between about 0.00224% to about 1.12% of biopolymer in dilute solution, and at least one additive or functional component described above.

Thickeners may optionally be incorporated, for example, hydroxypropyl guar, in the flame retardant compositions of the invention described above. The existence of sayings thickeners in the compositions of the invention is not necessary so that the anticorrosive or rheological characteristics are met improved. If used, the amount of other gums in the compositions of the invention will vary depending in part on the nature and concentration of the flame retardant salts present, of the presence of impurities and the presence of other components. By consequently, in an embodiment of the invention, the compositions of the invention do not contain thickeners, for example, hydroxypropyl guar. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the compositions of the invention contain thickeners, for example, hydroxypropyl guar, or guar gums not derived from ether.

Flame retardant compositions with viscosity of the invention will be prepared in the same way as the flame retardant compositions with inhibited corrosion of the invention described above. Therefore, and in a form of embodiment, the flame retardant compositions of the invention with increased viscosity are prepared by forming a composition of the intermediate concentrate comprising the flame retardant compositions of the invention described above and diluting the concentrate intermediate with water to form the flame retardant composition with increased viscosity of the invention. Flame retardant compositions with increased viscosity of the invention they are diluted therein manner described above in relation to the compositions of inhibited corrosion of the invention.

In a specific embodiment, the Flame retardant compositions of the invention with increased viscosity are prepare by forming an intermediate concentrate composition composed of at least one flame retardant composition with viscosity augmented described above and at least one biopolymer of xanthan having an average particle diameter of less than weight approximately 100 microns, in which the flame retardant compositions are in the range between approximately 0.01% and approximately 5.0% xanthan biopolymer, and diluting the intermediate concentrate with water to form the flame retardant composition of the invention with increased viscosity.

The procedures to combat the fires of wild lands that use the flame retardant compositions of increased viscosity of the invention are also provided with according to the invention. In one embodiment, the procedure includes the application stage from the air to a wildland vegetation of a flame retardant composition that comprises water and at least one flame retardant composition of the invention. In a specific embodiment, the procedure includes the application from the air to a land vegetation wild of a flame retardant composition comprising water and so minus an ammonium polyphosphate composition, in the interval between approximately 0.00224% to 1.12% of at least one biopolymer of xanthan with an average particle diameter of less than weight approximately 100 microns and at least one described additive previously. In another specific embodiment, the procedure includes the application from the air to a vegetation of wild land of a flame retardant composition comprising water and at least one solution of ammonium polyphosphate, in the range between approximately 0.00224% to 1.12% at least one xanthan biopolymer and the corrosion inhibitor system of the invention described above.

All references and patents cited in the This report is hereby incorporated by reference in its totality for its timely teaching. Therefore anyone reference cited herein and not incorporated specifically as a reference it is incorporated, however, as reference in its entirety as if it were part of this memory.

The following examples illustrate the ways of specific embodiments of the invention without limiting the scope of The invention in any way. In each example using polyphosphate ammonium, samples of flame retardant concentrates of ammonium polyphosphate they were mechanically mixed with iron-containing compounds, biopolymers, additives, and in some cases, with an azol, as Indicates in each table. In the present invention it can be used any mechanical mixing technique that is well known in the matter. The concentrated flame retardant solutions are diluted with water, as indicated. The "Requirements" row illustrates the level of 2024-T3 aluminum corrosion allowed by the USDA, Forest Service Specifications 5100-304b, is that is, the maximum permissible corrosivity for the acceptance of product for use in fire retardant compositions on land wild. In the resulting samples, the corrosivity according to Forest Specifications USD 5100-304b.

Example 1 Aluminum corrosion of the ammonium polyphosphate solution pure

Table 1 illustrates the characteristics of the corrosion of liquid concentrates of ammonium polyphosphate 10-34-0 and 11-37-0 fertilizer quality no adulterated, cigars obtained from three different sources. All samples are 10-34-0 u 11-37-0, as received, without additions The corrosivity of the samples was expressed in thousandths of inch per year ("mpa") of surface metal loss Exposed metal based on USDA, Forest Service Specifications to determine corrosivity. They were determined to Each temperature and state indicated both the concentrated flame retardant as its diluted solutions.

Diluted solutions were prepared by mixing four to five volumes of water with one volume of solution concentrated. Thus, the diluted solutions were in the range between approximately 15% and approximately 20% by volume of concentrate.

According to the Forest Service Specifications for the determination of the corrosion of flame retardants a test specimen of an inch wide, four inches long and an eighth of inch thick of usual origin. The test tube is cleaned, Dry and weigh according to standard Forest Service Specifications of the USDA and is suspended in a vessel with flat faces of a quarter fill 50% (partially) or 100% (fully) fill using a piece of a nylon thread. When suspended in a vessel partially filled, the test tube was immersed 50% (two inches) in the solution test leaving the other 50% of the solution to the air space by on top of her. When the vessel was filled with approximately 800 ml of solution, the metal test tube was completely submerged in the solution. The vessels were then closed with a lid threaded and two or three identical corrosion vessels (cells) of each of the partially or fully submerged specimens is stored at 70ºF and 120ºC for ninety days. At the end of the period of storage of ninety days, the vessels and the specimens were extracted and cleaned according to the Forest Service USDA Specifications. Then he returned to weigh the test tube, then dried and its weight loss determined comparing their initial and final weights. The calculated weight loss and the density of the metal specimen were used to extrapolate to  thousandths of an inch (0.001 inches) of aluminum that would be lost for a period of one year under the conditions of the test. Be calculated the corrosion rates of the specimens both partial as fully submerged using the total area of the test piece. The samples of each are averaged below condition and are noted as corrosion rate. The results They are presented in Table 1.

one

The corrosivity of polyphosphate solutions ammonium in aluminum 2024-T3 was relatively low when the temperature was maintained at approximately 70ºF. Without However, none of the samples of the polyphosphate solutions Pure ammonium meet the Forest Service Specifications for the corrosivity of flame retardants. In addition, the results demonstrated that increasing the temperature of the solution to 120ºF increased drastically the corrosion of the aluminum specimen by the samples of pure ammonium polyphosphate; that is, an order of magnitude in excess.

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Example 2 Aluminum corrosion of the ammonium polyphosphate solution containing iron oxide and clay from Attapulgus

The corrosion characteristics of pure ammonium polyphosphate solutions, fertilizer quality that contain additional amounts (<3%) of a mixture of a Attapulgus iron oxide and clay dye are illustrated in the Table 2. Each sample was prepared by mixing pure ammonium polyphosphate concentrate obtained from various sources with clay Attapulgus and 1.2% red iron oxide or brown iron oxide at 1.2%, as indicated. In addition, tolyltriazole was also mixed with 0.3% in samples 11, 15, 16, 18 and 19 and 0.5% tolyltriazole in sample 20. Aliquots of these were then diluted concentrate samples mixing 1.0 volumes of concentrate with 4.25 volumes of tap water. The following was determined corrosivity in the concentrate and its solutions and diluted according to Forest Service Specifications. The results are presented in the Table 2.

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The results indicated that the addition of small amounts of iron oxide and clay reduced the corrosion of aluminum fully submerged in a solution at 70 ° C from 50% to 65%. In addition, the impact of the mixture on corrosion at high temperature it was even more drastic than at low temperatures. When the corrosion cell was stored at 120ºF the speed of Aluminum corrosion decreased approximately 75% to 90%. TO both temperatures the corrosion rate on the specimens partially submerged was more than 50% of the values totally submerged indicating that corrosion takes place significant at the interface or in the vapor / air phase when the Mix is present in the solution. This differs from corrosivity. of the solutions of pure ammonium polyphosphate from Table 1. Without However, the addition of insoluble iron oxide and clay to the 1.2% suspension to samples of ammonium polyphosphate did not reduce the corrosion rate of 2024-T3 aluminum the concentrates or their solutions within the required limits by the USDA Forest Service Specifications.

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Example 3 Aluminum corrosion of ammonium polyphosphate solutions containing a mixture of soluble and insoluble compounds of iron

The data in Tables 3a and 3b illustrate the relative effectiveness of numerous corrosion inhibitor systems containing water soluble and water insoluble sources of iron, and mixtures thereof, in various sources and types of concentrates of ammonium polyphosphate and its diluted solutions. The samples are prepared by mixing ammonium polyphosphate type solutions 10-34-0 u 11-37-0 from various sources with varying concentrations of insoluble iron oxide additives red or brown iron oxide and clay additives Attapulgus and varying the concentrations of other iron-containing additives, as indicated. Samples 1, 2, 3 and 4 are concentrates of 10-34-0 ammonium polyphosphate from different backgrounds. The solutions were subjected to mixing With strong shear to activate or hydrate the clay.

Aluminum corrosivity tests were made in each concentrate and its diluted solution according to the protocols of Forest Service Specifications. The results are presented in Tables 3a and 3b.

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Row 1 illustrates by comparison the characteristics of the average corrosion of concentrated solutions and pure diluted sample 1, taken from Table 1, and row 2 illustrates the average corrosion rate of solutions aluminum concentrated and diluted ammonium polyphosphate (as illustrated in Table 2) when the material is mixed only with small amounts of iron oxide pigment and Attapulgus clay. The samples 1 to 4 were samples of ammonium polyphosphate type 10-34-0 obtained from several provenances Samples 5 to 7 were polyphosphate samples type 11-37-0 ammonium obtained from Several provenances

The data in Tables 1 and 2 illustrate that the corrosive attack was more serious when exposed to concentrate flame retardant and its solutions at high temperature (49ºC / 120ºF) in the fully submerged configuration. Therefore, the evaluation of corrosion inhibitor systems highlighted the evidence in these conditions. Periodic tests were performed on other terms. Rows 3 through 6 illustrate the efficacy to inhibit corrosion of brown iron oxide combinations insoluble and soluble ferric polyphosphate. The results indicate that USDA Forest Service Specificatins for corrosion of flame retardants are met when 1.2% iron oxide is used brown together with 3.0% soluble ferric pyrophosphate. In addition, the results indicated that smaller amounts of iron oxide insoluble produced unacceptable corrosion in the flame retardant solution concentrated.

Rows 7 through 12 illustrate the effectiveness of the corrosion inhibitor systems similar to those described in the previous paragraph, except that red iron oxide is replaced by brown iron oxide. The results indicate that the oxide of Red iron is effective in reducing the corrosion of aluminum concentrated and diluted ammonium polyphosphate although perhaps not so completely effective as brown iron oxide.

Rows 13 through 22 illustrate the effectiveness for inhibit corrosion of insoluble iron oxide mixtures and of soluble ferric citrate. The results indicate that citrate ferric is an equally effective substitute for ferric polyphosphate soluble. In addition the results indicate that a mixture of oxide of Brown iron and 3% soluble ferric citrate is able to reduce the corrosivity of ammonium polyphosphate samples within Acceptable levels for Forest Service compliance Specifications for flame retardant corrosivity.

Rows 23 through 24 illustrate the use of Ammonium ferric citrate as a substitute for ferric citrate. The results indicate that soluble ferric compounds are so effective as ammonium citrate to reduce corrosion of aluminum by ammonium polyphosphate solutions.

Rows 27 through 38 illustrate the effectiveness of systems in which only compounds containing soluble and insoluble colorless iron instead of iron oxides persistent relatively very colored. These is important when authentic fleeting flame retardants are desired, whereby the color gradually pales when exposed to natural light and disappears so that it does not permanently stain that on that applies

Rows 26 through 38 illustrate the effectiveness of mixtures of soluble and insoluble ferric polyphosphate. Are obtained Acceptable corrosion properties of aluminum when used 3.0% of the former and 1.2% of the latter as an inhibitor of the corrosion in an ammonium polyphosphate solution. The results also indicate that an increase in the concentration of polyphosphate Insoluble ferric no longer reduces the corrosivity of the concentrate.

Rows 27 through 38 illustrate the effectiveness of the corrosion inhibition of aluminum of various compounds of soluble and insoluble iron. Rows 37 and 38 put of stated that, although effective, the ferrous salts tested were less effective in equivalent amounts of iron addition in comparison with ferric compounds.

Rows 39 through 44 illustrate the effectiveness of the corrosion inhibition of aluminum of various compounds of soluble and insoluble iron when used together with ammonium polyphosphate concentrates 10-34-0 obtained from alternative sources These data indicate that the quantity and proportion of corrosion inhibitor needed to reduce the corrosivity at an acceptable level will need to be optimized depending of the origin and characteristics of it.

Rows 45 through 54 illustrate the effectiveness of the aluminum corrosion inhibition of the present compounds when used in various sources of polyphosphate concentrate ammonium type 11-37-0 and its diluted solutions

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Example 4 Corrosion characteristics of polyphosphate solutions ammonium containing water soluble iron compounds

Example 4 illustrates the effectiveness of polyphosphate Water soluble ferric, ferric citrate and ferrous sulfate as corrosion inhibitors of aluminum in polyphosphate solutions ammonium In each sample, the iron compounds were mixed Soluble indicated and 1.4% Attapulgus clay with polyphosphate pure ammonium Aliquots of the concentrate were successively extracted and diluted with the prescribed amount of water. Corrosivity of aluminum from both concentrated flame retardants and their diluted solutions was determined according to the Forest Service Specifications mentioned above. The results of this Test are presented in Table 4.

5

The results indicate that both the ferric ion as the soluble ferrous ion containing salts have utility as corrosion inhibitors of aluminum in solutions ammonium polyphosphate Relatively small concentrations (0.35%) of soluble iron from a soluble ferric pyrophosphate the corrosion rate of aluminum decreased completely submerged exposed at 48.8ºC (120ºF) to flame retardant solutions diluted within the requirements of the Forest Service Specification of the USDA. The data illustrates that the compounds they contain soluble iron are the most effective in controlling corrosivity of the diluted solutions. Since the corrosivity of both concentrated as of its diluted solutions is of importance, the mixtures of water-soluble and insoluble iron compounds in Water provide superior performance.

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Example 5 Corrosion characteristics of polyphosphate solutions ammonium containing other insoluble iron compounds in Water

Table 5 illustrates the efficacy of orthophosphate Water insoluble ferric, ferric pyrophosphate and ferrous oxalate as corrosion inhibitors of aluminum in concentrates of ammonium polyphosphate and its diluted solutions. 1.4% of Attapulgus clay with concentrated ammonium polyphosphate, except of samples 6 and 7 containing 0.7% and 2.8% clay Attapulgus, respectively. Samples 13, 18 and 24 contained, also, an insoluble iron oxide as a solution dye. The results of fire retardant concentrates and their solutions diluted were evaluated from the point of view of the corrosivity of the aluminum according to the requirements of the Forest Service Specifications of the USDA. The results of this test are presented in Table 5 a continuation.

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The efficacy of inhibition of corrosion of insoluble ferric pyrophosphate compared to compositions containing only this component, rows 2 to 13, with row 1. The effectiveness was also demonstrated in comparison 1.2% of red iron oxide, line 14. These comparisons illustrate the efficacy of insoluble ferric pyrophosphate as an inhibitor of corrosion of aluminum for concentrated ammonium pyrophosphate and its solutions It was shown to be superior to red iron oxide when compared to an equal concentration of ferric iron. By consequently, in many applications pyrophosphate would be preferable insoluble ferric as it is not very colored like the oxides of Conventional iron, which produces a very visible discoloration and persistent of what it is applied to. Therefore, the inhibitor systems that contain these components would be suitable for use in flame retardant color formulations fleeting.

Rows 15 to 19 illustrate the further reduction in the corrosion of aluminum, which was obtained by combining oxide of iron and ferric polyphosphate in the same system of inhibition of corrosion. The results indicated that several of these formulations comply with USDA Forest Service Specifications for corrosivity of aluminum in both formulations concentrated as in the diluted.

The data contained in rows 20 and 23 illustrate the efficacy of insoluble ferric orthophosphate in corrosion inhibition of aluminum exposed to solutions of ammonium polyphosphate The results indicated that the group pyrophosphate may be somewhat superior to orthophosphate to inhibit corrosion of aluminum.

The data contained in row 24 indicates that increasing the iron content of the inhibitor system corrosion using mixtures of ferric orthophosphate and oxide iron was also an effective way to meet the Forest Service USDA Specifications for aluminum corrosivity.

Row 25 of Table 5 illustrates the effectiveness in corrosion inhibition of small quantities aluminum of ferrous iron (Fe II) when incorporated into concentrates of ammonium polyphosphate and its diluted solutions.

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Example 6 Efficacy of azoles as corrosion inhibitors in flame retardant compositions of ammonium polyphosphate

Example 6 illustrates the effectiveness of azoles as corrosion inhibitors of yellow brass in formulations flame retardants based on concentrated ammonium polyphosphate and its diluted solutions Each sample was prepared by mixing 1.4% of Attapulgus clay, 1.2% iron oxide and the inhibitor of Corrosion of azol indicated in pure concentrated ammonium polyphosphate. Subsequently, the concentrates were diluted with water in the manner described herein. Tests were made with the Samples below according to Forest Service requirements USDA Specification.

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The results indicated that the azoles, including both triazoles and salts thereof are effective corrosion inhibitors for yellow brass in concentrates and solutions of ammonium polyphosphate. This data and others included in the previous Examples illustrate the advantages of use azoles together with iron-containing inhibitors of particle present invention to reduce the corrosivity of both the Aluminum like brass of flame retardant compositions within desirable limits.

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Example 7 Impact of xanthan biopolymer on flame retardants based on ammonium polyphosphate

Table 7 illustrates the impact of xanthan on the viscosity and corrosion of concentrates aluminum flame retardants based on iron-inhibited ammonium polyphosphate and its diluted solutions In addition to the inhibitor systems of corrosion containing biopolymer and iron, most of the Formulations contained a clay in suspension. The samples are prepared by mixing solutions of ammonium polyphosphate with several Attapulgus clay concentrations, tolitriazole, oxide iron, biopolymer and ferric pyrophosphate or sodium citrate as indicates. The solutions were mixed with high shear to activate or hydrate the various components, if It was necessary. Dilution was performed by mixing five volumes of water with a volume of concentrated flame retardant composition. All references to xanthan in Tables 7a and 7b refer to a Commercial quality of xanthan, Keltrol BT®, which has a diameter of average particle less than about 100 microns.

In each concentrated and diluted solution, determined the corrosivity of aluminum according to the protocols of the Forest Service Specification and the viscosity of each solution concentrated and diluted was determined by the test procedures They are well known in the art. The results are presented in Tables 7a and 7b.

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TABLE 7b

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The comparison of the corrosivity of aluminum of the ammonium pyrophosphate solution alone (column A in the Table 7a) with uninhibited ammonium polyphosphate containing 1.0% (column B in Table 7a) and 3.0% of xanthan biopolymer (column M in the Table 7b) when added alone, has no impact significant on the corrosivity of aluminum. On the other hand, the comparison of columns A and C in Table 7 puts manifest the impact of iron oxide in suspension on the Aluminum corrosion of ammonium polyphosphate solution. Although the impact of iron oxide in suspension is worthy of mention, it is inappropriate to reduce the corrosivity of the aluminum of the composition up to the requirements of the USDA Forest Service.

The composition of samples C and D puts manifested that the addition of 1.0% xanthan to the compositions of ammonium pyrophosphate containing clay, tolitriazole and oxide iron further reduces the corrosivity of the flame retardant aluminum concentrated to the requirements of the US Forest Service, but the diluted solutions, although they reduce something, are still in the limit of the unacceptable.

Referring to samples E, G and I, the results indicate that the addition of 3.0% ferric pyrophyte insoluble, 3.0% of each insoluble ferric pyrophosphate or of a mixture of 4.3% insoluble ferric pyrophosphate and 1.7% citrate flame retardant-based ammonium pyrophosphate sodium reduces Aluminum corrosivity of ammonium polyphosphate flame retardants concentrated. However, ammonium pyrophosphate flame retardants diluted contain the same iron additives that did not improve from meaningful way.

Referring to samples F, H and J, the addition of 1.0% xanthan to the compositions of samples E, G and I, reduces the corrosivity of solutions aluminum resulting concentrated and diluted up to US requirements Forest Service in all conditions and situations of experiment.

The results also indicate that flame retardants of concentrated ammonium polyphosphate type, sample A, have a viscosity of approximately 65 cps while its solution diluted has a viscosity between 5 and 10 cps. The adition of 1.0% xanthan biopolymer to the sample of ammonium polyphosphate 11-37-0, in the concentrate, no It has no significant effect on viscosity.

The results indicate, in relation to the M to S samples, the impact of increased concentration of Xanthan biopolymer from 1.0% to 3.0% in the concentration of liquid flame retardant The data show that the addition of 1.0% of biopolymer to an ammonium polyphosphate composition containing iron results in an additional reduction in corrosivity of aluminum. However, the increased concentrations of Xanthan polymer does not seem to be more effective. The biopolymer of 1.0% xanthan is sufficient to reduce corrosion of the aluminum or formulations containing 3.0% polyphosphate iron to the Forest Service Specifications. However the Additional xanthan biopolymer increases the viscosity of the diluted solution to Forest Service Specifications for a high viscosity flame retardant solution but does not reduce the corrosion.

Referring to sample M, the results indicate that the 3.0% xanthan biopolymer may have  a slight impact on both viscosity and corrosivity Aluminum of flame retardant polyphosphate type compositions concentrated ammonium The diluted concentrate has a viscosity stable in the range of 1,000 cps, however, the Aluminum corrosivity is reduced only slightly.

Therefore, the biopolymer is reducing corrosion of aluminum by some other mechanism than the viscosity modification. Therefore, the biopolymer is increasing corrosion inhibition of the component system biopolymer / iron by using another mechanism than the viscosity modification.

Samples K and R further indicate that the addition 1% biopolymer to flame retardant concentrates of type ammonium polyphosphate does not present no impact significant on the viscosity of the concentrated product, but not reduces corrosion of high temperature aluminum 50% concentrated composition. In addition, the results indicate that the addition of 3% biopolymer to it reduces the corrosion of the high temperature aluminum of the composition concentrated in approximately 75% without significantly impacting the viscosity of concentrate.

Referring to samples L and S, the results indicate that the corrosion requirements of aluminum Forest Service can meet formulations that do not include a suspending agent, such as Attapulgus clay.

Referring to samples H and P, the addition of soluble ferric polyphosphate to the formulations that contain insoluble ferric polyphosphate and non-xanthan biopolymers further improve the corrosivity of aluminum.

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Example 8 Impact of xanthan biopolymers with particle size variable on the viscosity of liquid flame retardants concentrated

Table 8 illustrates the impact of xanthan biopolymers of various average particle diameters of weight on the rheological properties of flame retardant concentrates of ammonium polyphosphate. Samples are prepared by mixing flame retardant solutions of ammonium polyphosphate type with 3.0% of xanthan biopolymers of various average particle diameters of weight, as indicated in Table 8. Dilution was performed by mixing five volumes of water with a volume of the concentrated flame retardant.

The viscosity of each diluted solution is determined by the viscosity test procedures that are well known in the art. The viscosity increase was determined dilution dynamics (diluted viscosity - 10 minutes). Be determined the stable viscosity during dilution (viscosity diluted - 30 days). The increase in dynamic viscosity was determined of the solution after one year (after 1 year (cps)). Be determined the stable viscosity of the solution after one year (after 1 year (cps)). The results are presented below in Table 8.

TABLE 8 Properties of concentrated liquid flame retardants thickened with xanthan biopolymer with particle size variable

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The results indicate that the compositions liquid concentrated flame retardants comprising biopolymers that they have particle diameters in the range between 31 and 70 microns have theoretical rheological properties. But nevertheless, fire retardant concentrates composed of biopolymers that have average particle diameters of weight greater than about 100 microns have no desirable rheological properties.

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Example 9 Impact of the variable particle size on the viscosity of biopolymers in ammonium polyphosphate type flame retardants

Table 9 illustrates the particle size and the operation of several xanthan type biopolymers in comparison  with normal guar isopropyl gum in fire retardant concentrates. The samples are prepared by mixing 3.0% of xanthan type biopolymer or guar gum, as indicated in Table 9 below, with concentrated ammonium polyphosphate type flame retardants. The dilution is performed by mixing approximately five volumes of water with a volume of each diluted flame retardant composition.

The viscosity of each diluted solution is determined by the procedures described in Example 8. The Results are presented below in Table 9.

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The results indicate that liquid flame retardant concentrates comprising xanthan type biopolymers in the range between 31 and 70 microns in diameter have theoretical rheological properties. However, flame retardant concentrates composed of biopolymers having average particle diameters of weight greater than about 100 microns have no desirable rheological properties. Flame retardant concentrates comprising guar gum having an average particle diameter of weight greater than about 100 microns are all comprised in which they have desirable rheological properties. Specifically, ammonium polyphosphate type flame retardant concentrates containing guar gum have very unstable rheological characteristics, which makes their use undesirable. Therefore, in one embodiment the compositions of the invention do not contain
guar gum.

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Example 10 Impact of particle size and type of biopolymer on the viscosity of biopolymers in polyphosphate solutions ammonium

Table 10 illustrates the particle size and the operation of xanthan type polymers with biopolymers of welan and rhamsan in ammonium polyphosphate type flame retardants. Samples were prepared by mixing approximately 91.1% solution of ammonium polyphosphate, 1.2% of Attapulgus clay, 0.3% of tolitriazole, 3.0% insoluble ferric pyrophosphate and 3.0% of biopolymer indicated in Tables 10a and 10b. Biopolymers used included Kelzan®, Kelzan S®, Keltrol BT®, Kelcorete® and a rhamsan biopolymer all commercially available in CP Kelco, Wilmington, DE. Kelzan® is a xanthan biopolymer conventional, uncoated, while Kelzan S® is a conventional xanthan biopolymer with a surface coating applied. Keltrol BT® is a xanthan biopolymer that has a particle diameter less than about 100 microns. Kelcocrete is a welan type biopolymer.

The viscosity of each concentrate was measured by the procedures described in Example 8. Next, diluted each sample with water at a mixing ratio of 5 volumes of water per volume of concentrate. The viscosity was measured at 10 minutes and at 18 hours of the diluted sample and the samples are stored in a laboratory at a temperature between approximately 70º and 74ºF (21.1 and 23.3ºC) during periods of variable time, it was diluted again and the viscosity was measured. Be measured the viscosity of each sample at 10 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours, 7 days, 15 days, 21 days and 28 days after preparation of the concentrated flame retardant. The results are shown in the Tables 10a and 10b below.

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TABLE 10a

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TABLE 10b

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The results indicate that the biopolymers of welan and rhamsan type thicken more slowly than the biopolymers of Xanthan type but are effective in increasing the viscosity of flame retardant solutions of ammonium polyphosphate type. Biopolymers Xanthan type having a particle diameter less than approximately 100 microns, however, rapidly increase the viscosity of ammonium polyphosphate type flame retardants during dilution. Conventional biopolymers, e.g. ex. the biopolymers Xanthan type having particle diameters greater than approximately 100 microns, they cannot develop the viscosity of Flame retardants in a timely manner. Therefore, biopolymers Conventional both coated and uncoated are inadequate for use in thickening fire retardants of type ammonium polyphosphate In addition, long-term data, that is the viscosity measured 7, 15, 21 and 28 days after dilution, indicate that there is no specific change in the operation of the various biopolymers during storage in flame retardants based on ammonium polyphosphate.

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Example 11 Impact of the levels of use of biopolymers and additives of iron over the viscosity of polyphosphate solutions ammonium

The optimum utilization levels of the mixtures of biopolymer and insoluble ferric pyrophosphate and insoluble ferric pyrophosphate were used to reduce the level Corrosion Pyrophosphate Type Fire Retardant Aluminum Liquid ammonium and its diluted solutions. They prepared formulations mixing flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate type fertilizer quality with Attapulgus clay, tolitriazole, and in Some cases, iron oxide. They were added as indicated biopolymers with average particle diameters less than 100 microns and insoluble ferric pyrophosphate. Each formulation was prepared mixing the anhydrous components separately with the polyphosphate ammonium, while mixing with elevated shear to approximately 1,000 rpm for approximately 2 hours. Be used high shear to hydrate the clay and disperse insoluble components. Diluted solutions were prepared mixing 1 part of concentrate with 5 parts of drinking water. The Concentrate formulations and their diluted solutions are analyzed according to the four of the test conditions recommended by the US Forest Service Specifications, described in This memory. In Tables 11a, 11b and 11c below, They show the results.

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The results indicate that the incorporation of some iron oxide in flame retardant compositions of the invention, or the increase in concentrations of others iron-containing inhibitors will be necessary to meet the requirements of the US Forest Service. The fire retardant concentrates that include 1.2% iron oxide, 3% ferric pyrophosphate and 1% of biopolymer, and its diluted solutions, meet the requirements of the US Forest Service Specification. The viscosity of Flame retardant concentrates containing 1% biopolymer increased from gradually from about 150 to 200 cps immediately after preparation between 1,000 and 2,000 cps. After three storage months at 90ºF, and during dilution, the viscosity of the solution was in the range between 100 and 200 cps

In view of the above, appreciates that various objectives and characteristics of the invention and other advantages and results are obtained. They can introduce variations and modifications in the various stages and compositions of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (17)

1. Flame retardant composition comprising: at least one flame retardant composed of at least by an ammonium polyphosphate and at least one biopolymer with a average particle diameter weighing less than about 100 microns 2. Composition according to claim 1, which it also comprises at least one additive selected from the group of additives consisting of suspending agents, agents dyes, surfactants, stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, Specifying pigments and any combination thereof. 3. Composition according to claim 2, in the that said coloring agent is at least one coloring agent selected from the group of coloring agents consisting of fleeting coloring agents, non-fleeting coloring agents and Specifying pigments 4. Composition according to claim 2, in the that said suspending agent is at least one agent of suspension selected from a group consisting of Attapulgus, sepiolite, Fuller's land, Montmorillonite and clays kaolin. 5. Composition according to any of the claims 1 to 4, further comprising additional water. 6. Composition according to claim 5, in the that said composition is selected from the group of compositions consisting of compositions that are comprised in the range of: 0.00224% to 1.12% of said biopolymer; at least 0.112% of said biopolymer; about 0.121% of said biopolymer; about 0.224% of said biopolymer, Y; about 0.672% of said biopolymer. 7. Composition according to any of the claims 1 to 4, wherein said composition is selected from among the group of compositions consisting of compositions that They are in the range of: 0.1% to 5.0% of said biopolymer; at least 0.5% of said biopolymer; about 1.0% of said biopolymer; about 3% of said biopolymer, and; about 0.5% of said biopolymer. 8. Composition according to any of the previous claims, wherein said biopolymer is therefore less a biopolymer selected from a group of biopolymers constituted by the rhansam, xanthan and welan biopolymers. 9. Composition according to any of the previous claims not comprising hydroxypropyl rubber guar. 10. Procedure for the preparation of a flame retardant composition, adapted for application from the air to wildland fires, the procedure comprising the following stages: (a) form a concentrate composition intermediate comprising:

(i)

a flame retardant composed of at least one ammonium polyphosphate; Y

(ii)

by at least one biopolymer with an average particle diameter of weight less than about 100 microns; Y

(b) diluting said intermediate concentrate with water to form said flame retardant composition.

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11. Procedure for extinguishing fires in wild lands comprising the application from the air to a wildland vegetation of a composition for the fire extinguishing comprising: Water; Y a flame retardant composition comprising:

at least one ammonium polyphosphate; Y

at least one biopolymer with an average particle diameter of less than weight approximately 100 microns

12. Method according to claim 10 u 11, wherein said intermediate concentrate composition of the flame retardant composition further comprises at least one additive selected from a group of additives consisting of agents dyes, suspending agents, surfactants, stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors and any combination thereof. 13. Procedure according to any of the claims 10 to 12, wherein said concentrate composition intermediate or flame retardant composition further comprises an agent dye selected from a group consisting of agents fleeting dyes, non-fleeting coloring agents, pigments specifiers and any combination thereof. 14. Procedure according to any of the claims 10 to 13, wherein said concentrate composition intermediate or flame retardant composition further comprises an agent of suspension selected from a group consisting of Attapulgus, sepiolite, Fuller's land, Montmorillonite and clays kaolin. 15. Procedure according to any of the claims 10 or 12 to 14, wherein said composition of intermediate concentrate is selected from the group of compositions consisting of the compositions included in the 0.01% to 5.0% range of said biopolymer, at least approximately 0.5% of said biopolymer, approximately 3.0% of said biopolymer, about 1.0% of said biopolymer; Y about 0.5% of said biopolymer. 16. Procedure according to any of the claims 10 to 15, wherein said biopolymer is therefore minus one selected from a group consisting of xanthan, welan and rhamsan biopolymers. 17. Procedure according to any of the claims 10 to 16, wherein said flame retardant composition or fire suppressing composition is selected from the group of compositions consisting of compositions included in the range of 0.0224% to 1.12% of said biopolymer, approximately 0,112% of said biopolymer, at least about 0,112% of said biopolymer; about 0.672% of said biopolymer, per at least about 0.672% of said biopolymer, about 0.224% of said biopolymer and at least approximately 0.224% of said biopolymer, after said step of dilution.