EP4435322A1 - Control of a combustion apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

Control of a combustion device. Method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a first combustion sensor (9), a second sensor (10, 11), the method comprising the steps of: specifying a first target value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a target value of an air ratio λ and for a first fuel (7); controlling the combustion device (1) to the first target value using the first combustion sensor (9); recording a first signal using the first combustion sensor (9); recording a second signal using the second sensor (10, 11); determining a difference between the first and the second signal; assigning the difference to a second fuel (7); if the second fuel (7) is different from the first fuel (7): determining a second target value of the signal from the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the second fuel (7); and controlling the combustion device (1) to the second target value using the first combustion sensor (9).

Description

background

The present disclosure is concerned with estimating fuels in a combustion device. In particular, the present disclosure is concerned with estimating fuels in the form of combustible gases or gas mixtures containing hydrogen.

Common types of gas in combustion devices include those from the E-gas group (according to EN 437:2009-09) and gases from the B/P-gas group (according to EN 437:2009-09). Like almost all gases from the second gas family (according to EN 437:2009-09), gases from the E-gas group contain methane as their main component. Like all gases from the third gas family (according to EN 437:2009-09), gases from the B/P-gas group are based on propane gas. The mixtures based on methane gas or propane gas ultimately represent mixtures of different gas sources that can be used to supply the combustion device. The mixing and combustion of natural gas and hydrogen is becoming increasingly interesting.

When gas mixtures of methane and hydrogen are burned, the measured ionization current changes with an increasing hydrogen content if the excess air is kept constant. If an air supply or fan speed or power is regulated to a constant ionization current setpoint for a constant air quantity, the air ratio λ changes with a change in the hydrogen content. This also entails a change in the efficiency of the combustion device. Increased levels of undesirable combustion products such as carbon monoxide may also occur.

There is also the effect that a change in the hydrogen content can lead to a flashback. The air ratio λ also has an influence on this. The narrower the range of the air ratio λ is kept during operation, the better/easier the flashback can be avoided.

In common ionization current controls, an ionization current setpoint is stored for methane gases for each air supply or fan speed or power. Hydrogen admixtures result in different ionization currents than, for example, pure methane gas. However, due to the small amounts of hydrogen admixtures known to date, there were only minor deviations in the air ratio λ and thus in the efficiency.

A patent application DE10030630A1 was filed on 28 June 2000 by Siemens Building Technologies AG, Zurich, CH The application was published on 10 January 2002. DE10030630A1 deals with and claims a method for monitoring the speed of a fan. As part of the method, a speed of a fan of a combustion device is determined. The determined speed is compared with a reference value. The comparison shows whether the fan is in a sufficiently stationary state. If the speed deviates too much from the reference value, the speed measurement value can be passed on directly. The aim of the method from DE10030630A1 is a practical trade-off between the greatest possible accuracy in the stationary state of the fan on the one hand and errors due to dynamic changes on the other.

A European patent EP1154202B2 , control device for a burner, was granted on 9 December 2009 to SIEMENS SCHWEIZ AG, CH. A corresponding patent application EP1154202A2 was filed on 27 April 2001 by SIEMENS BUILDING TECH AG, CH. The application EP1154202A2 was published on 14 November 2001 and claims priority from 12 May 2000. EP1154202B2 discloses and claims a control device for a combustion device using an ionization electrode. The ionization electrode is arranged in the flame region of the combustion device. A controller of the combustion device uses an ionization signal from the ionization electrode to weight first and second control signals. From the control signals weighted in this way, the controller generates an actuating signal for an actuator.

Another European patent EP1396681B1 , Burner controller and setting method for a burner controller, was granted on 7 December 2005 to SIEMENS SCHWEIZ AG, CH. A corresponding patent application EP1396681A1 was filed on 4 September 2002 by SIEMENS BUILDING TECH AG, CH. The application EP1396681A1 was published on 10 March 2004 . EP1396681B1 requires a burner controller to evaluate the signal from a combustion sensor. The combustion sensor can be an ionization electrode in the flame area. The burner controller uses the signal from the combustion sensor to determine a control signal for a fuel supply or an air supply.

Another European patent EP3299718B1 , Gas type detection, was granted on 30 October 2019 to SIEMENS AG, DE. A corresponding patent application EP3299718A1 was filed on 21 September 2016 by SIEMENS AG , DE. Registration EP3299718A1 was published on 28 March 2018 . EP3299718B1 claims a method for burning a fuel from a predetermined fuel group and a computer-readable storage medium with a set of instructions for carrying out the method. The method includes determining a fuel supply and a requested power of the combustion device. If the fuel supply and the requested power are outside a range for a safe presence of a fuel, an error signal is generated.

A patent application DE102018118288A1 was filed on July 27, 2018 by ebm-papst Landshut GmbH, 84030, Landshut, DE. The application was published on January 30, 2020. DE102018118288A1 deals with a method for monitoring and controlling a burner flame of a heater burner. The DE102018118288A1 The claimed method consists in applying two alternating voltages to the ionization electrode. Ionization currents are then measured for the alternating voltages and the difference between them is calculated.

A German patent DE19839160B4 , method and circuit for controlling a gas burner, was granted on 23 December 2004 to Stiebel Eltron GmbH & Co KG, 37603 Holzminden, DE. A corresponding patent application DE19839160A1 was filed on August 28, 1998 by Stiebel Eltron GmbH & Co KG, 37603 Holzminden, DE. The application DE19839160A1 was published on March 2, 2000 . The DE19839160B4 The claimed method involves a first and a second ionization signal with opposing courses. Combustion can be interrupted if the first ionization signal deviates too much from a control value or the second ionization signal deviates too much from a control value.

The aim of the present disclosure is to control a combustion device, in particular with regard to gases or gas mixtures comprising hydrogen. In addition, it is about optimized operation of the combustion device without flashbacks.

Summary

The present disclosure shows a way in which a target current of a combustion sensor can be corrected based on data present in the system or based on additional sensor values. The combustion sensor can in particular be a combustion efficiency sensor and/or an ionization electrode. As a result of the correction of the target current, the combustion device keeps the value of the air ratio λ within a narrow tolerance band. The additional sensor values can also come from a flow sensor which is arranged in the air supply channel and/or in the fuel supply channel of a combustion device. The additional sensor values can also come from another combustion sensor, in particular from another ionization electrode. The additional sensor values can also be derived from the valve position in comparison to the burner output.

Keeping the air ratio λ within a narrow tolerance band is particularly relevant for combustion devices in which hydrogen is burned. Hydrogen is preferably burned as part of a fuel mixture and/or gas mixture. The present disclosure in particular shows a way of keeping the air ratio λ within a narrow tolerance band when hydrogen is a significant portion of the fuel mixture. A significant portion of hydrogen in the fuel mixture can be present when the portion of the Hydrogen under normal conditions is more than five percent by volume of the fuel mixture. A significant proportion of hydrogen in the fuel mixture can be present in particular if the proportion of hydrogen under normal conditions is more than ten percent by volume of the fuel mixture. A significant proportion of hydrogen in the fuel mixture can also be present if the proportion of hydrogen under normal conditions is more than twenty percent by volume of the fuel mixture. Under normal conditions the temperature is 273.15 Kelvin and the pressure is 101325 Pascal.

The present disclosure further teaches an evaluation of two sensor signals. For this purpose, an index is advantageously determined on the basis of the two sensor signals. For example, two ionization currents from two ionization electrodes can be evaluated by forming their quotients.

The present disclosure further teaches an evaluation of a difference between two sensor signals. For example, two ionization currents from two ionization electrodes can be evaluated by forming their difference. In addition to the amount of the difference, the sign of the difference enables conclusions to be drawn about the fuel and/or the fuel mixture in the combustion device.

The present disclosure further teaches adjusting an actuator such as a fan or a fuel valve. The actuator is adjusted briefly and serves to vary the composition of the fuel mixture. At the same time, an ionization current is recorded by a second sensor, for example a second ionization electrode. The ionization currents recorded while varying the composition of the fuel mixture often enable a clear assignment of the fuel and/or the fuel mixture.

Short description of the drawings

• FIG 1 zeigt eine Verbrennungsvorrichtung mit optionaler, zusätzlicher Sensorik, wie beispielsweise Flusssensoren oder mehreren Verbrennungssensoren in Form von lonisationselektroden.
• FIG 2 zeigt mehrere Verläufe des lonisationsstromes über einer Luftzufuhr oder Gebläsedrehzahl oder Leistung der Verbrennungsvorrichtung beim Verbrennen unterschiedlicher Brennstoffzusammensetzungen.
• FIG 3 zeigt mehrere Verläufe des lonisationsstromes über einer Luftzahl λ für verschiedene Brennstoffzusammensetzungen und verschiedene Positionen einer lonisationselektrode bei einer Luftzufuhr oder Gebläsedrehzahl oder Leistung.

Various features will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the disclosed non-limiting embodiments. The drawings accompanying the detailed description may be briefly described as follows:

• FIG 1 shows a combustion device with optional, additional sensors, such as flow sensors or several combustion sensors in the form of ionization electrodes.
• FIG 2 shows several curves of the ionization current over an air supply or fan speed or power of the combustion device when burning different fuel compositions.
• FIG 3 shows several curves of the ionization current over an air ratio λ for different fuel compositions and different positions of an ionization electrode at an air supply or fan speed or power.

Detailed description

FIG 1 shows a combustion device 1 such as a wall-mounted gas burner and/or an oil burner. In the combustion chamber 2 of the combustion device 1, a flame of a heat generator burns during operation. The heat generator exchanges the thermal energy of the hot fuels and/or combustion gases into another fluid such as water. The warm water is used, for example, to operate a hot water heating system and/or to heat drinking water. According to another embodiment, the thermal energy of the hot combustion gases can be used to heat a product, for example in an industrial process. According to another embodiment, the heat generator is part of a combined heat and power system, for example an engine of such a system. According to another embodiment, the heat generator is a gas turbine. Furthermore, the heat generator can be used to heat water in a system for extracting lithium and/or lithium carbonate. The exhaust gases 3 are discharged from the combustion chamber 2, for example via a chimney.

The air supply 5 for the combustion process is supplied via a (motor-driven) fan 4. A regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18 tells the fan 4 the air supply V _L that it should deliver via the signal line 12. The fan speed thus becomes a measure of the air supply 5.

According to one embodiment, the fan speed is reported back to the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18 by the fan 4. For example, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18 determines the speed of the fan 4 via the signal line 13.

The regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18 preferably comprises a microcontroller. The regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18 ideally comprises a microprocessor. The regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18 can be a regulating device. The regulating device preferably comprises a microcontroller. The regulating device ideally comprises a microprocessor. The regulating device can comprise a proportional and integral controller. Furthermore, the regulating device can comprise a proportional and integral and derivative controller.

Furthermore, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18 can comprise a field-programmable (logic) gate arrangement. In addition, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18 can comprise an application-specific integrated circuit.

In one embodiment, the signal line 12 comprises an optical fiber. The signal line 13 for determining the fan speed can also comprise an optical fiber. In a special embodiment, the signal lines 12 and 13 are designed as optical fibers. Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

If the air supply is adjusted via an air flap and/or a valve, the flap and/or valve position can be used as a measure of the air supply. Furthermore, a measured value derived from the signal of a mass flow sensor and/or volume flow sensor can be used. The sensor is advantageously arranged in the duct for the air supply 5. The sensor advantageously provides a signal which is converted into a flow measurement value using a suitable signal processing unit. A signal processing device ideally comprises at least one analog-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-digital converter(s), is integrated into the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18. In another embodiment, the analog-digital converter(s) is/are integrated into the flow and/or pressure sensor 10.

The measured value of a pressure sensor and/or a mass flow sensor in a side channel can also be used as a measure for the air supply V _L. A combustion device with a supply channel and a side channel is described, for example, in the European patent EP3301364B1 The European patent EP3301364B1 was published on 7 June 2017 and granted on August 7, 2019. A combustion device with a feed channel and a side channel is claimed, with a mass flow sensor protruding into the feed channel.

A pressure sensor and/or a mass flow sensor in the side channel determines a signal which corresponds to the pressure value dependent on the air supply V _L and/or the air flow (particle and/or mass flow) in the side channel. The sensor advantageously provides a signal which is converted into a measured value using a suitable signal processing device. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the signals from several sensors are converted into a common measured value. A suitable signal processing device ideally comprises at least one analog-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-digital converter(s), is integrated into the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18. In another embodiment, the analog-digital converter(s) is/are integrated into the flow and/or pressure sensor 10. According to one embodiment, the air supply V _L is the value of the current air flow rate. The air flow rate can be measured and/or indicated in cubic meters of air per hour. The air supply V _L can be measured and/or indicated in cubic meters of air per hour.

Mass flow sensors allow measurement at high flow velocities, especially in connection with combustion devices in operation. Typical values of such flow velocities are in the range between 0.1 meters per second and 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second. Mass flow sensors which are suitable for the present disclosure are, for example, OMRON ^® D6F-W or type SENSOR TECHNICS ^® WBA sensors. The usable range of these sensors typically begins at velocities between 0.01 meters per second and 0.1 meters per second and ends at a speed such as 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second. In other words, lower limits such as 0.1 meters per second can be combined with upper limits such as 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second.

The fuel supply V _B is set and/or regulated by the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18 with the aid of a fuel actuator and/or a (motor-controlled) adjustable valve. In the embodiment in FIG 1 the fuel 7 is a fuel gas. A combustion device 1 can then be connected to various fuel gas sources, for example to sources with a high methane content and/or to sources with a high propane content. It is also provided that the combustion device 1 is connected to a source of a gas or a gas mixture, wherein the gas or the gas mixture comprises hydrogen. In FIG 1 the amount of fuel gas is set by a (motor-driven) adjustable fuel valve 6 of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18. The control value, for example a pulse-width modulated signal, of the gas valve is a measure of the amount of fuel gas. It is also a value for the fuel supply V _B .

If a gas flap is used as the fuel actuator 6, the position of a flap can be used as a measure of the amount of fuel gas. According to a special embodiment, a fuel actuator 6 and/or fuel valve are adjusted using a stepper motor. In that case, the step position of the stepper motor is a measure of the amount of fuel gas. The fuel valve can also be integrated in a unit with at least one or more safety shut-off valves. A signal line 14 connects the fuel actuator 6 to the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18. In a special embodiment, the signal line 14 comprises an optical fiber. Optical fibers provide advantages with regard to galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

Furthermore, the fuel valve 6 can be a valve that is internally controlled by a flow and/or pressure sensor 10 and receives a setpoint via the signal line 14. The actual value of the flow and/or pressure sensor 10 is then controlled to the setpoint. The flow and/or pressure sensor 10 can be implemented as a volume flow sensor, for example as a turbine wheel meter or as a bellows meter or as a differential pressure sensor. The flow and/or pressure sensor 10 can also be designed as a mass flow sensor, for example as a thermal mass flow sensor. A signal line and/or feedback line 16 connects the internally controlled valve to the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18. In a special embodiment, the signal line and/or feedback line 16 comprises an optical fiber. Optical fibers provide advantages with regard to galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

In a further embodiment, the flow and/or pressure sensor 10 is arranged separately from the fuel valve 6 in the fuel supply channel 8. The flow sensor 10 can be implemented as a volume flow sensor, for example as a turbine wheel meter or as a bellows meter or as a differential pressure sensor. The flow and/or pressure sensor 10 can also be designed as a mass flow sensor, for example as a thermal mass flow sensor. A signal line and/or feedback line 16 connects the flow and/or pressure sensor 10 to the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18. In a special embodiment, the signal line and/or feedback line 16 comprises an optical fiber. Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

This flow and/or pressure sensor 10 generates a signal which is converted into a flow measurement value (measured value of the particle and/or mass flow and/or volume flow) using a suitable signal processing device. A suitable signal processing device ideally comprises at least one analog-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog-digital converter(s), is integrated into the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18. In another embodiment, the analog-digital converter(s) is/are integrated into the flow and/or pressure sensor 10.

In combustion devices 1 in which hydrogen or hydrogen as part of a gas mixture is burned, the cooling of the supply 5, 8 into the combustion chamber 2 is important. Of particular interest is the cooling of the supply in premixing combustion devices 1. With adequate cooling of the supply 5, 8 into the combustion chamber 2, the risk of flashback is reduced.

A coating can be used to cool the feed 5, 8 into the combustion chamber 2, particularly in the case of premixing combustion devices 1. This coating is applied to or near the opening of the feed 5, 8 in the combustion chamber 2. This coating advantageously emits in the infrared light range, i.e. at wavelengths above 800 nanometers. In addition to the emission in the infrared wavelength range, the coating should be stable over the long term and withstand typical temperatures. The coating can therefore comprise a film of boron phosphide. Furthermore, the coating can comprise a film of diamond-like carbon. In particular, the coating can comprise a film of amorphous carbon.

Furthermore, the feed 5, 8 can comprise a pipe made of a material with good thermal conductivity. For example, the feed 5, 8 can comprise a pipe made of copper or a copper alloy. In particular, on a premixing combustion device 1, the feed 5, 8 can comprise a pipe made of copper or a copper alloy at its opening into the combustion chamber 2. Due to the good thermal conductivity, heat is dissipated from the opening of the feed 5, 8. By dissipating the heat, the opening of the feed 5, 8 into the combustion chamber is cooled better. The risk of a flashback of the flame is therefore reduced.

FIG 1 also shows a combustion device 1 with a first combustion sensor 9 for detecting an air ratio λ. The first combustion sensor 9 can, for example, comprise a first ionization electrode. The first combustion sensor 9 can also be a first ionization electrode. KANTHAL ^® , e.g. APM ^® or A-1 ^® , is often used as the material of an ionization electrode. Electrodes made of Nikrothal ^® are also considered by the expert. The first combustion sensor 9 is preferably arranged in the combustion chamber 2.

A signal line 15 connects the first combustion sensor 9 to the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18. In a special embodiment, the signal line 15 comprises an optical fiber. Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

FIG 1 also shows a combustion device 1 with a second sensor 11, for example a second combustion sensor 11, for detecting an air ratio λ. The second sensor 11 can, for example, comprise a second ionization electrode. The second sensor 11 can also be a second ionization electrode. KANTHAL ^® , e.g. APM ^® or A-1 ^® , is often used as the material of an ionization electrode. Electrodes made of Nikrothal ^® are also considered by the expert. The second sensor 11 is preferably arranged in the combustion chamber 2.

A signal line and/or feedback line 17 connects the second sensor 11 to the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18. In a special embodiment, the signal line and/or feedback line 17 comprises an optical fiber. Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

The first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 are preferably arranged in the same combustion chamber 2. It is provided that the first combustion sensor 9 is different from the second sensor 11. For example, the first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 100 millimeters apart from each other. In a further embodiment, the first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 200 millimeters apart from each other. Furthermore, the first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 500 millimeters apart from each other. The greatest possible distance between the first combustion sensor 9 and the second sensor 11 provides advantages with regard to decoupling the signals of the two combustion sensors 9 and 11.

It is also planned that the combustion sensors 9, 11 are checked for changes at regular intervals using a test. For example, ionization electrodes are to be checked for aging. The check can be carried out as described, for example, in the patents EP2466204B1 and EP3045816 The European patent EP2466204B1 , control device for a burner system, was granted on 13 November 2013. A corresponding application EP2466204A1 was published on June 20, 2012. The European Patent EP3045816B1 , device for controlling a burner system, was granted on 12 December 2018. A corresponding application EP3045816A1 was published on 20 July 2016 published.

The check is applied to a control combustion sensor 9, 11. The control combustion sensor 9, 11 can, for example, comprise a first ionization electrode. In order to detect changes in the second sensor 11, 9, the newly calculated target value is controlled for a short time after the test. The second sensor 11, 9 can, for example, comprise a second ionization electrode. As soon as the control has stabilized, the actual value on the second combustion sensor 11, 9 is adopted as the new control value.

Preferably, the first combustion sensor 9 is connected to a voltage source via a first impedance and the second sensor 11 is connected to the same voltage source via a second impedance. The first impedance is separate from the second impedance. In another embodiment, the first combustion sensor 9 is connected to a first voltage source and the second sensor 11 is connected to a second voltage source. The first voltage source is separate from the second voltage source. Ideally, the first voltage source is different from the second voltage source.

In one embodiment, the first combustion sensor 9 comprises a first ionization electrode and the second sensor 11 comprises a second ionization electrode. It is provided that the first ionization electrode is different from the second ionization electrode. The first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode are preferably in the same combustion chamber 2 For example, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be spaced at least 100 millimeters apart from one another. In a further embodiment, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be spaced at least 200 millimeters apart from one another. Furthermore, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be spaced at least 500 millimeters apart from one another. The greatest possible distance between the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode provides advantages with regard to decoupling the signals of the two ionization electrodes.

Preferably, the first ionization electrode is connected to a voltage source via a first impedance and the second ionization electrode is connected to the same voltage source via a second impedance. The first impedance is separate from the second impedance. In another embodiment, the first ionization electrode is connected to a first voltage source and the second ionization source is connected to a second voltage source. The first voltage source is separate from the second voltage source. Ideally, the first voltage source is different from the second voltage source.

In one embodiment, the first combustion sensor 9 is a first ionization electrode and the second sensor 11 is a second ionization electrode. It is provided that the first ionization electrode is different from the second ionization electrode. The first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode are preferably arranged in the same combustion chamber 2. For example, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 100 millimeters apart. In a further embodiment, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 200 millimeters apart. Furthermore, the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode can be arranged in the same combustion chamber 2 and be at least 500 millimeters apart. The greatest possible distance between the first ionization electrode and the second ionization electrode provides advantages with regard to decoupling the signals of the two ionization electrodes.

Preferably, the first ionization electrode is connected to a voltage source via a first impedance and the second ionization electrode is connected to the same voltage source via a second impedance. The first impedance is separate from the second impedance. In another embodiment, the first ionization electrode is connected to a first voltage source and the second ionization source is connected to a second voltage source. The first voltage source is separate from the second voltage source. Ideally, the first voltage source is different from the second voltage source.

In FIG 2 The ionization current setpoints 20 are shown as examples over air supply or fan speed or power 19 for a first gas 21 and for a second gas 22. For example, curve 21 consists of the ionization current setpoints 20 of the first combustion sensor 9 at λ = λ _setpoint for a first fuel and/or a first combustible gas. Curve 22 consists of the ionization current setpoints 20 of the first combustion sensor 9 at λ = λ _setpoint for a second fuel and/or a second combustible gas. λ _setpoint for a first fuel and/or a first combustible gas can be different from λ _setpoint for a second fuel and/or a second combustible gas. In addition, λ _setpoint can change over the air supply or fan speed or power in a predefined manner. For a possibly present second combustion sensor 11, there are two further curves ionization current setpoints 20 via air supply or fan speed or power 19 for a first and a second gas. The two curves 21 and 22 define a family of curves. Based on the signal of a flow and/or pressure sensor 10 and/or based on feedback from the fuel actuator 6 and/or by signals from the sensors 9, 11, a fuel mixture can be estimated. The fuel mixture can be a gas mixture. According to one embodiment, based on the signal of a flow and/or pressure sensor 10, a fuel mixture such as a gas mixture can be detected. Furthermore, based on feedback from the fuel actuator 6 and/or based on the signals from the sensors 9, 11, 10, a fuel mixture such as a gas mixture can be detected. The fuel mixture, for example a gas mixture, comprises a mixture of the first 21 and the second 22 gas. Ideally, the fuel mixture, for example a gas mixture, consists of a mixture of the first 21 and the second 22 gas. Preferably, the proportion of the second gas 22 is somewhat higher. For example, the proportion of the second gas 22 can be less than five percent by mass higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Likewise, the proportion of the second gas 22 can be less than ten percent by mass higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Furthermore, the proportion of the second gas 22 can be less than twenty percent by mass higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Finally, the proportion of the second gas 22 can also be more than 90 percent by mass higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Furthermore, the proportion of the second gas 22 can be less than five percent by volume higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Likewise, the proportion of the second gas 22 can be less than ten percent by volume higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Furthermore, the proportion of the second gas 22 can be less than twenty percent by volume higher than the proportion of the first gas 21. Finally, the proportion of the second gas 22 can also be more than 90 percent by volume higher than the proportion of the first gas 21.

With this estimate, the two corresponding curves 21 and 22 of the gases are weighted and the third curve 23 is obtained in FIG 2 . These ionization currents are preferably used as the basis for the control as long as there is another estimate. This means that control is carried out using the control setpoints according to this curve 23 if a rapid modulation occurs after an estimate. If a stationary or quasi-stationary state is reached, a new estimate is made. Depending on the result of the estimate, a new curve 23 with control setpoints is determined. The determination can be made, for example, by the control and/or open-loop control. and/or monitoring device 18. Preferably, a new curve 23 with control setpoints is calculated depending on the result of the estimation. The calculation can be carried out, for example, by the control and/or regulating and/or monitoring device 18.

In FIG 3 the ionization current curve 25 is shown over the air ratio λ 24 for two different positions of the combustion sensors 9, 11 and for two different fuels 7. The two different fuels 7 can be two different gases without claiming to be complete. The two different fuels 7 can be two different gas mixtures without claiming to be complete. The representation from FIG 3 refers to a given air supply or fan speed or power 19. The illustration from FIG 3 preferably refers to a constant air supply or fan speed or power 19. In one embodiment, at least one of the combustion sensors 9, 11 comprises an ionization electrode. In a specific embodiment, each of the combustion sensors 9, 11 comprises an ionization electrode. The embodiment in FIG 3 does not mean, however, that the first and second gas must be regulated to the same air ratio λ. The setpoint for the air ratio λ _should of the first gas can differ from the setpoint for the air ratio λ _should of the second gas. Furthermore, the design in FIG 3 not that a first and a second fuel must necessarily be regulated to the same air ratio λ. The target value for the air ratio _λ of the first fuel can differ from the target value for the air ratio _λ of the second fuel.

The two lines 30a and 30b intersect the curves 26 to 29. This shows the setpoint values of the ionization current for a first and a second gas at the sensors 9, 11. Preferably, two lines 30a and 30b show the setpoint values of the ionization current at the combustion sensors 9 and 11. Ideally, two lines 30a and 30b show the setpoint values of the ionization current at the ionization electrodes 9 and 11. The line 30b shows the setpoint values of the ionization current for a first gas at the sensors 9 and 11 at the intersection points with the lines 26 and 28. The intersection point of the line 30b with the line 26 is a point on the curve 21 in FIG 2 . The intersection of line 30b with line 27 is a point on line 22 in FIG 2 . Line 30a shows the setpoint values of the ionization current for a second gas at sensors 9 and 11 at the intersection points with lines 27 and 29.

At the same time, the vertical lines 30a and 30b illustrate the distance of the ionization currents at the sensors 9, 11 in relation to the air ratio λ _desired to be regulated. The sensors 9, 11, in particular the ionization electrodes 9, 11, lead to different ionization currents due to their different positions in the combustion chamber 2.

It is initially assumed that the sensor 9, 11 corresponding to curves 26 and 27 is being controlled. That sensor 9, 11 is located at position one. Therefore, the sensor 11, 9 corresponding to curves 28 and 29 is used to check whether the correct Fuel 7 was estimated. In particular, the sensor 11, 9 which corresponds to curves 28 and 29 can be used to check whether the correct fuel 7 was detected. The sensor 11, 9 for checking purposes is at position two in the combustion chamber 2. Position two in the combustion chamber 2 is different from position one in the combustion chamber 2.

In one embodiment, it is assumed that the ionization electrode 9, 11 that corresponds to curves 26 and 27 is controlled. That ionization electrode 9, 11 is located at position one in the combustion chamber 2. Therefore, that ionization electrode 11, 9 that corresponds to curves 28 and 29 is used to check whether the correct fuel 7 was estimated. In particular, that ionization electrode 11, 9 that corresponds to curves 28 and 29 can be used to check whether the correct fuel 7 was detected. The ionization electrode 11, 9 is located at position two in the combustion chamber 2 for checking purposes. Position two in the combustion chamber 2 is different from position one in the combustion chamber 2.

Assuming that the first fuel 7 is present, curve 21 is calculated from FIG 2 The current air supply or fan speed or power can be the same as the air supply or fan speed or power from FIG 3 In this case, the control setpoint corresponds to the intersection of line 30b with curve 26. A signal according to curve 28 should appear at the second sensor 11, 9 at the intersection with line 30b. In particular, an ionization current according to curve 28 should appear at the second sensor 11, 9 at the intersection with line 30b. Ideally, an ionization current according to curve 28 should appear at the second ionization electrode 11, 9 at the intersection with line 30b.

If the second fuel 7 is actually fed to the combustion device 1, the ionization current is initially regulated to the same target value I _target . Meanwhile, the air ratio λ shifts along curve 27 towards higher values of the air ratio A. This continues until the actual value I _IST of the ionization current is equal to the target value I _target of the ionization current. Only when the air ratio λ is as indicated by the vertical line 31 does the same ionization current appear at the first combustion sensor 9, 11 according to curve 27. At the same time, the difference in the ionization currents between the sensors 9, 11 at positions one and two changes. Preferably, the difference in the ionization currents between the ionization electrodes 9, 11 at positions one and two changes. In the present case, the difference even changes its sign. This results in a difference corresponding to the intersection points of the vertical line 31 with curves 29 and 27. In contrast, for fuel one, a difference corresponding to the intersection points of curve 30b with curves 28 and 26 would have been expected.

The change in the difference of the ionization currents between the sensors 9, 11 causes a change in the setpoint I _setpoint of the ionization current in the direction of the second gas at λ _setpoint . Preferably, the change is made by the control. In particular, the changed difference the ionization currents _cause the control to change the control setpoint at λ setpoint to the value of curve 27 of the second gas. After the changed control setpoint has been adjusted, the ionization current will adjust itself at the sensor 11, 9 at position two according to curve 29 at _λ setpoint. Preferably, the control and/or monitoring device 18 changes the setpoint I _setpoint of the ionization current.

In one embodiment, the changed difference in the ionization currents between the ionization electrodes 9, 11 _causes the control to change the control setpoint at λ setpoint in the direction of the second gas. In particular, the changed difference in the ionization currents can cause the control to change the control setpoint at λ _setpoint to the value on curve 27 of the second gas. After the changed control setpoint has been adjusted, the ionization current corresponding to position two for fuel two at _λ setpoint will be set at the ionization electrode 11, 9 at position two. Preferably, the control and/or monitoring device 18 increases the control setpoint in this case.

The opposite case, with the control setpoint on fuel two but fuel one present, is also detected. In this case, when controlling to the setpoint I _setpoint of the ionization current at the setpoint λ _setpoint of the air ratio of fuel two, the air ratio λ will change. The change occurs in the direction of λ=1. I _setpoint for λ _setpoint of fuel two corresponds to the intersection point of curve 27 with line 30a. The change continues up to an air ratio λ which is indicated by the vertical line 32. With this shift in the air ratio λ, the amount of the difference between the two ionization currents changes at the same time. In the example case, with the shift in the air ratio λ in the direction of λ=1, the amount of the difference between the two ionization currents increases. The amount corresponds to the distance between the intersection points of curve 32 and curves 26 and 28. This amount is significantly different from the expected amount for fuel two, corresponding to the distance between the intersection points of curve 30a and curves 27 and 29. This causes the control system to reduce the setpoint I _setpoint of the first ionization current in the direction of the first fuel at the setpoint _λ setpoint of the air ratio. This returns to the setpoint λ _setpoint of the air ratio for fuel one.

Apparently, the two fuels can each have a different course of the differences over the air ratio λ . In order to be able to regulate ionization current courses for both combustion sensors 9, 11 and for both fuels, the control is preferably parameterizable. The parameterization can be used to specify when to react with an increase and when to reduce the setpoint value I _setpoint of the ionization current. In particular, the parameterization can be used to specify when to react with an increase and when to reduce the setpoint value I _setpoint of the ionization current.

Instead of the difference, other mathematical relationships between the signals of the combustion sensors 9, 11 can also serve as a control basis.

It is possible that the behavior of the ionization currents in relation to one another changes depending on the air supply or fan speed or power 19. For example, with a first air supply or fan speed or power and control on fuel one but fuel two is present, the difference between the ionization currents of the sensors 9, 11 increases. With a second air supply or fan speed or power, the difference between the ionization currents decreases. For the correct control of air to fuel, the control setpoint must always be adjusted to the second fuel. However, with a first air supply or fan speed or power 19, the adjustment is made due to an increased difference. With a second air supply or fan speed or power 19, the adjustment is made due to a reduced difference between the ionization currents of the sensors 9, 11.

In those cases, the ionization current setpoint I _soll (of the first sensor 9, 11) can be varied for a short time. The short-term variation of the ionization current setpoint I _soll takes place more quickly than the fastest and/or shortest-term changes in the composition of the fuel. The control therefore varies the setpoint I _soll by an amount. This means that the control varies the setpoint I _soll by an amount until the appropriate actual value is reported back by the second sensor 11, 9. In particular, the control varies the setpoint I _soll by an amount until the appropriate actual value corresponding to one of the possible fuel mixtures is reported back by the second sensor 11, 9.

Among the fuel mixtures covered by the I _soll variation, a value from the second sensor 11, 9 is expected for I _soll of the first sensor 9,11. The value of the second sensor 11, 9 is expected at λ = λ _soll . This is the appropriate actual value.

If the second sensor 11, 9 and/or the second ionization electrode 11, 9 does not report a suitable actual value, the entire range of target values I _target of the ionization current can be run through. The entire range of target values I _target is the range of I _target that occurs when the expected fuel mixtures are burned on the combustion device 1 with the set air supply. Corresponding considerations apply to the fan speed or power 19 instead of the air supply. In particular, the entire range of target values I _target is the range that can occur when the expected fuel mixtures are burned with the target value λ _target of the air ratio.

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18 varies the setpoint I _setpoint . Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18 runs through the entire range of setpoint values I _setpoint of the ionization current. The regulating and/or control and/or monitoring device 18 runs through the entire range of setpoint values I _setpoint that can occur when combusting expected fuel mixtures. In particular, the entire range of setpoint values I _setpoint of the ionization current is run through to the setpoint value λ _setpoint of the air ratio at the set air supply or fan speed or power 19. Alternatively, the variation can be carried out via the target values I _target of the ionization current and the control can be carried out directly as a variation of the fuel actuator 6. To do this, the fuel actuator position is varied briefly. Preferably, the fuel actuator position is varied briefly by an amount. The control determines accordingly when the actual value of the ionization current at the first and second combustion sensors 9, 11 indicate the same fuel mixture. After adjustment, both ionization currents match a fuel mixture from the range of expected mixtures at the combustion device 1.

It may happen that when the fuel actuator 6 is varied, no suitable ionization currents are found from the first to the second combustion sensor 9, 11. In particular, it may happen that when the fuel actuator 6 is varied by a small amount, no suitable ionization currents are found from the first to the second sensor 9, 11. In this case, the amount of variation is increased. The amount of variation is increased up to the minimum fuel actuator position for the highest calorific fuel. The amount of variation is also increased up to the maximum fuel actuator position for the lowest calorific fuel. The variation of the fuel actuator position is a function of the set air supply or fan speed or power 19. Ideally, the variation of the fuel actuator position is a function of the currently set air supply or fan speed or power 19.

Parts of a control and/or monitoring device 18 and/or a method according to the present disclosure can be implemented as hardware and/or as a software module. The software module is executed by a computing unit, possibly with the addition of container virtualization. It is also possible to execute it using a cloud computer and/or a combination of the aforementioned options. The software may include firmware and/or a hardware driver that is executed within an operating system and/or container virtualization and/or an application program. The present disclosure therefore also relates to a computer program product that contains the features of this disclosure or carries out the required steps. When implemented as software, the functions described can be stored as one or more instructions on a computer-readable medium. Some examples of computer-readable media include random access memory (RAM) and/or magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and/or read-only memory (ROM) and/or flash memory and/or electronically programmable ROM (EPROM). Some other examples of computer-readable media include electronically programmable and erasable ROM (EEPROM) and/or registers of a computing device and/or a hard disk and/or a removable storage device. In addition, computer-readable media includes optical storage and/or any suitable medium that can be accessed by a computer or by other IT devices and applications.

• Vorgeben eines ersten Sollwertes für ein Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) für einen ersten Brennstoff (7);
• Regeln der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) auf den ersten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9);
• Aufzeichnen eines ersten Signales anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9);
• Aufzeichnen eines zweiten Signales anhand des zweiten Sensors (10, 11);
• Bestimmen eines zweiten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des ersten Signales und als Funktion des zweiten Signales;
• Vergleichen des ersten Brennstoffes (7) mit dem zweiten Brennstoff (7) hinsichtlich einer Zusammensetzung der Brennstoffe (7);
• falls der zweite Brennstoff (7) anders zusammengesetzt ist als der erste Brennstoff (7):
  • Bestimmen eines zweiten Sollwertes für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) als Funktion des zweiten Brennstoffes (7); und
  • Regeln der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) auf den zweiten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9).

In other words, the present disclosure teaches a method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a first combustion sensor (9) and a second sensor (10, 11), wherein the second sensor (10, 11) is different from the first combustion sensor (9), the method comprising the steps:

• Specifying a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7);
• Controlling the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the first setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9);
• Recording a first signal from the first combustion sensor (9);
• Recording a second signal using the second sensor (10, 11);
• Determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal;
• Comparing the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7);
• if the second fuel (7) has a different composition than the first fuel (7):
  • Determining a second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the second fuel (7); and
  • Controlling the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9).

The aforementioned method for controlling a combustion device (1) can be a method for operating a combustion device (1).

• Vorgeben eines ersten Sollwertes für ein Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) für einen ersten Brennstoff (7);
• Regeln der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) auf den ersten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9);
• Aufzeichnen eines ersten Signales anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9);
• Aufzeichnen eines zweiten Signales anhand des zweiten Sensors (10, 11);
• Bestimmen eines zweiten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des ersten Signales und als Funktion des zweiten Signales;
• Vergleichen des ersten Brennstoffes (7) mit dem zweiten Brennstoff (7) hinsichtlich einer Zusammensetzung der Brennstoffe (7);
• falls der zweite Brennstoff (7) anders zusammengesetzt ist als der erste Brennstoff (7):
  • Bestimmen eines zweiten Sollwertes für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus einem Sollwert für eine Luftzahl λ für den zweiten Brennstoff (7); und
  • Regeln der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) auf den zweiten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9).

The present disclosure teaches a method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a first combustion sensor (9) and a second sensor (10, 11), wherein the second sensor (10, 11) is different from the first combustion sensor (9), the method comprising the steps:

• Specifying a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7);
• Controlling the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the first setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9);
• Recording a first signal from the first combustion sensor (9);
• Recording a second signal using the second sensor (10, 11);
• Determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal;
• Comparing the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7);
• if the second fuel (7) has a different composition than the first fuel (7):
  • Determining a second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from a setpoint value for an air ratio λ for the second fuel (7); and
  • Controlling the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9).

In one embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a combustion chamber (2) and the first combustion sensor (9) is a first ionization electrode in the combustion chamber (2). Preferably, the first setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) is a first setpoint value for an ionization current of the first ionization electrode. Preferably, the first signal recorded using the first combustion sensor (9) is a first ionization current. The method therefore comprises the step of recording a first ionization current using the first ionization electrode.

In one embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a combustion chamber (2) and the second sensor (10, 11) is a second ionization electrode in the combustion chamber (2). Preferably, the second signal recorded by the second sensor (10, 11) is a second ionization current. The method therefore comprises the step of recording a second ionization current by the second ionization electrode.

In another embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a fuel supply channel (8) and the second sensor (10, 11) is a flow sensor for recording a flow of the first or the second fuel (7) through the fuel supply channel (8). In particular, the second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can protrude into the fuel supply channel (8). The second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can also be arranged in the fuel supply channel (8). Furthermore, the second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can be attached to the fuel supply channel (8). In addition, the second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can be mechanically secured to the fuel supply channel (8), for example secured with weld points and/or secured with paint and/or secured with adhesive. The method therefore comprises the step of recording a second signal in the form of a flow signal through the fuel supply channel (8) using the flow sensor.

In another embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a fuel supply channel (8) and the second sensor (10, 11) is designed to detect a valve and/or flap position. The valve and/or flap position is a measure of the flow of the fuel (7) through the fuel supply channel (8). The method therefore comprises the step of recording a flow signal in the form of a valve and/or flap position through the fuel supply channel (8) using the second sensor (10, 11).

In a first embodiment, the first fuel (7) is a first type of fuel and the second fuel is a second type of fuel (7). Furthermore, the first fuel (7) can be a first type of fuel and the second fuel (7) can be a second type of fuel.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step:
Specifying a first setpoint for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9).

• Vorgeben eines Sollwertes für eine Luftzahl λ für einen ersten Brennstoff (7); und
• Bestimmen eines ersten Sollwertes für ein Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus dem Sollwert für die Luftzahl λ für den ersten Brennstoff (7).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps:

• Presetting a target value for an air ratio λ for a first fuel (7); and
• Determining a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the first fuel (7).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step:
Determining a second fuel (7) as an exclusive function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.

An exclusive function only considers the specified arguments of the function.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step:
Determining a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) based on a current air supply or fan speed or power and based on a curve stored for the first fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step:
Determining a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) based on a current air supply or fan speed or power and based on a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the first fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step:
Determining a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) based on a current air supply or fan speed or power for a first fuel (7) and based on a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for the first fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step:
Determining a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the target value for the air ratio λ for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored for the first fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step:
Determining a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the target value for the air ratio λ for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the first fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step:
Determining a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for the first fuel (7).

For the aforementioned method step of determining a first target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9), in addition to a stored curve, a table or corresponding means, such as a mathematical relationship or a program sequence, can be used to determine the first target value.

Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using one or more stored tables.

• Bestimmen eines zweiten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des ersten Signales und als Funktion des zweiten Signales anhand einer oder mehrerer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher hinterlegter Tabellen. Insbesondere kann die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) eine Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) mit einem nicht-flüchtigen Speicher und das Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) den Schritt umfassen:
• Bestimmen eines zweiten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des ersten Signales und als Funktion des zweiten Signales anhand einer oder mehrerer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher der Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) hinterlegter Tabellen.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:

• Determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step:
• Determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step:
Determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal based on a stored mathematical relationship.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) may comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) may comprise the step:
Determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal based on a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step:
Determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal based on a stored program sequence in a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

In particular, the combustion device (1) may comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) may comprise the step:
Determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

In particular, the combustion device (1) may comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) may comprise the step:
Determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal based on a stored program sequence in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

• Bestimmen einer ersten Differenz zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Signal; und
• Zuordnen der ersten Differenz zu einem zweiten Brennstoff (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps:

• Determining a first difference between the first and second signals; and
• Assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7).

Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) using one or more stored tables.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) may comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) may comprise the step:
Assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step:
Assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a stored mathematical relationship.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) may comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) may comprise the step:
Assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step:
Assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a stored program sequence.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) may comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) may comprise the step:
Assigning the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

• Bestimmen eines ersten Indexes als Funktion des ersten Signales und als Funktion des zweiten Signales;
• Bestimmen eines ersten, negativen oder eines ersten, positiven Vorzeichens des ersten Indexes; und
• Bestimmen des zweiten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des ersten, negativen oder des ersten, positiven Vorzeichens des ersten Indexes.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps:

• Determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal;
• Determining a first negative or a first positive sign of the first index; and
• Determining the second fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the first negative or the first positive sign of the first index.

In one embodiment, the first index is a quotient of the first signal and the second signal. The first index can also be a function of a quotient of the first signal and the second signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first index is a difference between the first signal and the second signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first index is a function of a difference between the first signal and the second signal.

• Bestimmen einer ersten Differenz zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Signal;
• Bestimmen eines ersten, negativen oder eines ersten, positiven Vorzeichens der ersten Differenz; und
• Bestimmen des zweiten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion der ersten Differenz und als Funktion des ersten, negativen oder des ersten, positiven Vorzeichens der ersten Differenz.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps:

• determining a first difference between the first and second signals;
• Determining a first negative or a first positive sign of the first difference; and
• Determining the second fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the first negative or the first positive sign of the first difference.

• Bestimmen eines ersten Abstandes zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Signal; und
• Bestimmen des zweiten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion der ersten Abstandes.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps:

• Determining a first distance between the first and second signals; and
• Determining the second fuel (7) as a function of the first distance.

• Vorgeben eines Sollwertes für eine Luftzahl λ für den zweiten Brennstoff (7); und
• Bestimmen eines zweiten Sollwertes für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus dem Sollwert für die Luftzahl λ für den zweiten Brennstoff (7).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps:

• Specifying a target value for an air ratio λ for the second fuel (7); and
• Determining a second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the second fuel (7).

• Bestimmen eines Sollwertes für eine Luftzahl λ für den zweiten Brennstoff (7); und
• Bestimmen eines zweiten Sollwertes für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus dem Sollwert für die Luftzahl λ für den zweiten Brennstoff (7).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps:

• Determining a target value for an air ratio λ for the second fuel (7); and
• Determining a second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the second fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step:
Determining a second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) based on a or the current air supply or fan speed or power using a curve stored for the second fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step:
Determining a second setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) based on a or the current air supply or fan speed or power using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the second fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step:
Determining a second target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) based on a or the current air supply or fan speed or power for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for the second fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step:
Determining a second target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the target value for an air ratio λ for a second fuel (7) using a curve stored for the second fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step:
Determining a second target value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the target value for an air ratio λ for a second fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the second fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step:
Determining a second setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a second fuel (7) using a signal stored in the non-volatile Memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for the second fuel (7) stored curve.

For the above-mentioned method step of determining a second target value of a signal from the first combustion sensor (9), a stored curve, a table or equivalent means can be used. Equivalent means for determining the second target value are, for example, a mathematical relationship or a program sequence.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one channel selected from the air supply channel and the fuel supply channel (8), the method comprising the step:
Controlling the combustion device (1) using the at least one actuator (4; 6) and the first combustion sensor (9) to the first setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9).

Preferably, the combustion device (1) comprises at least one actuator (4, 6) per channel.

In one embodiment, the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on the air supply duct and comprises a fan (4), in particular a motor-driven fan. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal which is directed to the motor-driven fan (4). Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-driven fan (4). In another embodiment, the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on the air supply duct and comprises an air flap, in particular a motor-adjustable air flap. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal which is directed to the motor-adjustable air flap. Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-adjustable air flap. Furthermore, without claiming to be complete, controls can be provided based on signals between 0 and 20 milliamperes or between 0 and 10 volts. Control using a stepper motor is also possible.

Furthermore, the at least one actuator (4; 6) can act on the fuel supply channel (8) and comprise a valve, in particular a motor-adjustable valve. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse width modulated signal which is directed to the motor-adjustable valve. Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-adjustable valve. In addition, the at least one actuator (4; 6) can act on the fuel supply channel (8) and comprise a fuel flap, in particular a motor-adjustable fuel flap. In particular, the Control can be carried out using a pulse-width modulated signal that is directed to the motor-adjustable fuel flap. Control can also be carried out using a signal from a converter, with the signal from the converter being directed to the motor-adjustable fuel flap. Furthermore, without claiming to be complete, control can be provided using signals between 0 and 20 milliamperes or between 0 and 10 volts. Control using a stepper motor is also possible.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one channel selected from the air supply channel and the fuel supply channel (8), the method comprising the step:
Controlling the combustion device (1) using the at least one actuator (4; 6) and the first combustion sensor (9) to the second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9).

• Ändern einer Stellung des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6);
• nach der Änderung der Stellung des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6), Aufzeichnen eines dritten Signales anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9);
• nach der Änderung der Stellung des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6), Aufzeichnen eines vierten Signales anhand des zweiten Sensors (10, 11);
• Bestimmen eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des dritten Signales und als Funktion des vierten Signales;
• Vergleichen des ersten Brennstoffes (7) mit dem dritten Brennstoff (7) hinsichtlich einer Zusammensetzung der Brennstoffe (7);
• falls der erste Brennstoff (7) anders zusammengesetzt ist als der dritte Brennstoff (7):
  • Bestimmen eines dritten Sollwertes für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) als Funktion des dritten Brennstoffes (7); und
  • Regeln der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) auf den dritten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one channel selected from the air supply channel and the fuel supply channel (8), the method comprising the steps:

• Changing a position of the at least one actuator (4; 6);
• after changing the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), recording a third signal using the first combustion sensor (9);
• after the change in the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), recording a fourth signal using the second sensor (10, 11);
• Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal;
• Comparing the first fuel (7) with the third fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7);
• if the first fuel (7) has a different composition than the third fuel (7):
  • Determining a third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the third fuel (7); and
  • Controlling the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9).

• Ändern einer Stellung des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6);
• nach der Änderung der Stellung des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6), Aufzeichnen eines dritten Signales anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9);
• nach der Änderung der Stellung des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6), Aufzeichnen eines vierten Signales anhand des zweiten Sensors (10, 11);
• Bestimmen eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des dritten Signales und als Funktion des vierten Signales;
• Vergleichen des ersten Brennstoffes (7) mit dem dritten Brennstoff (7) hinsichtlich einer Zusammensetzung der Brennstoffe (7);
• falls der erste Brennstoff (7) anders zusammengesetzt ist als der dritte Brennstoff (7):
  • Bestimmen eines dritten Sollwertes für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus einem Sollwert für eine Luftzahl λ für den dritten Brennstoff (7); und
  • Regeln der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) auf den dritten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) is responsive to at least one Channel selected from the air supply channel and the fuel supply channel (8), the method comprising the steps:

• Changing a position of the at least one actuator (4; 6);
• after changing the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), recording a third signal using the first combustion sensor (9);
• after the change in the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), recording a fourth signal using the second sensor (10, 11);
• Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal;
• Comparing the first fuel (7) with the third fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7);
• if the first fuel (7) has a different composition than the third fuel (7):
  • Determining a third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from a setpoint value for an air ratio λ for the third fuel (7); and
  • Controlling the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9).

Preferably, the combustion device (1) comprises an adjustable actuator (4; 6).

At one point in time, the third fuel (7) is equal to the second fuel (7). At another point in time, the third fuel (7) is different from the second fuel (7).

Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using one or more stored tables.

• Bestimmen eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des dritten Signales und als Funktion des vierten Signales anhand einer oder mehrerer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher hinterlegter Tabellen. Insbesondere kann die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) eine Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) mit einem nicht-flüchtigen Speicher und das Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) den Schritt umfassen:
• Bestimmen eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des dritten Signales und als Funktion des vierten Signales anhand einer oder mehrerer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher der Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) hinterlegter Tabellen.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:

• Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step:
• Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using a stored mathematical relationship.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) may comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) may comprise the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal based on a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Furthermore, the method for operating a combustion device (1) may comprise the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal based on a stored program sequence.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

• Bestimmen einer zweiten Differenz zwischen dem dritten und dem vierten Signal; und
• Bestimmen eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion der zweiten Differenz.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the steps:

• Determining a second difference between the third and fourth signals; and
• Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference.

Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) comprises the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using one or more stored tables.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) comprises the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) can comprise the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) comprises the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a stored mathematical relationship.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) comprises the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) can comprise the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Furthermore, the method for operating a combustion device (1) may comprise the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference based on a stored program sequence.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) may comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) may comprise the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

• Bestimmen eines ersten Indexes als Funktion des ersten Signales und als Funktion des zweiten Signales;
• Bestimmen eines zweiten Indexes als Funktion des dritten Signales und als Funktion des vierten Signales; und
• Bestimmen des dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten Indexes.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7), the method comprising the steps:

• Determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal;
• Determining a second index as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; and
• Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.

In one embodiment, the second index is a quotient of the third signal and the fourth signal. The second index can also be a function of a quotient of the third signal and the fourth signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the second index is a difference between the third signal and the fourth signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the second index is a function of a difference between the third signal and the fourth signal.

Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) comprises the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using one or more stored tables.

• Bestimmen des dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten Indexes anhand einer oder mehrerer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher hinterlegter Tabellen. Insbesondere kann die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) eine Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) mit einem nicht-flüchtigen Speicher und das Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) unter Einbezug eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) den Schritt umfassen:
• Bestimmen des dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten Indexes anhand einer oder mehrerer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher der Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) hinterlegter Tabellen.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) comprises the step:

• Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise the step:
• Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) comprises the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using a stored mathematical relationship. Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third

• Bestimmen des dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten Indexes anhand einer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher hinterlegten mathematischen Beziehung. Insbesondere kann die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) eine Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) mit einem nicht-flüchtigen Speicher und das Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) unter Einbezug eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) den Schritt umfassen:
• Bestimmen des dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten Indexes anhand einer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher der Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) hinterlegten mathematischen Beziehung.

Fuel (7) includes the step:

• Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) can comprise the step:
• Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Furthermore, the method for operating a combustion device (1) may comprise the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index based on a stored program sequence.

• Bestimmen eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten Indexes anhand eines im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher hinterlegten Programmablaufes. Insbesondere kann die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) eine Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) mit einem nicht-flüchtigen Speicher und das Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) den Schritt umfassen:
• Bestimmen eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten Indexes anhand eines im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher der Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) hinterlegten Programmablaufes.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:

• Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step:
• Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

• Bestimmen einer ersten Differenz zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Signal;
• Bestimmen einer zweiten Differenz zwischen dem dritten und dem vierten Signal; und
• Bestimmen des dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion der ersten Differenz und als Funktion der zweiten Differenz.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7), the method comprising the steps:

• determining a first difference between the first and second signals;
• Determining a second difference between the third and fourth signals; and
• Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference.

• Bestimmen des dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion der ersten Differenz und als Funktion der zweiten Differenz anhand einer oder mehrerer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher hinterlegter Tabellen. Insbesondere kann die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) eine Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) mit einem nicht-flüchtigen Speicher und das Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) unter Einbezug eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) den Schritt umfassen:
• Bestimmen des dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion der ersten Differenz und als Funktion der zweiten Differenz anhand einer oder mehrerer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher der Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) hinterlegter Tabellen.

Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) comprises the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using one or more stored tables. Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) using a third fuel (7) comprises the step:

• Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise the step:
• Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) comprises the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a stored mathematical relationship.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) involving a third fuel (7) comprises the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) with the inclusion of a third fuel (7) can comprise the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference based on a stored program sequence.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) comprises the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the method for operating a combustion device (1) can comprise the step:
Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

• Bestimmen eines zweiten, negativen oder eines zweiten, positiven Vorzeichens des zweiten Indexes; und
• Bestimmen des dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion des zweiten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten, negativen oder des zweiten, positiven Vorzeichens des zweiten Indexes.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7) and a second index, the method comprising the steps:

• Determining a second negative or a second positive sign of the second index; and
• Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second index and as a function of the second negative or the second positive sign of the second index.

• Bestimmen eines zweiten, negativen oder eines zweiten, positiven Vorzeichens der zweiten Differenz; und
• Bestimmen des dritten Brennstoffes (7) als Funktion der zweiten Differenz und als Funktion des zweiten, negativen oder des zweiten, positiven Vorzeichens der zweiten Differenz.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7) and a second difference, the method comprising the steps:

• Determining a second negative or a second positive sign of the second difference; and
• Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference and as a function of the second negative or the second positive sign of the second difference.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7) and a second index and a sign thereof, the method comprising the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index and as a function of the second, negative or the second, positive sign of the second index.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7), a second difference and a sign thereof, the method comprising the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference and as a function of the second, negative or the second, positive sign of the second difference.

• Vorgeben eines Sollwertes für eine Luftzahl λ für den dritten Brennstoff (7); und
• Bestimmen eines dritten Sollwertes für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus dem Sollwert für die Luftzahl λ für den dritten Brennstoff (7).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7), the method comprising the steps:

• Specifying a target value for an air ratio λ for the third fuel (7); and
• Determining a third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the third fuel (7).

• Bestimmen eines Sollwertes für eine Luftzahl λ für den dritten Brennstoff (7); und
• Bestimmen eines dritten Sollwertes für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus dem Sollwert für die Luftzahl λ für den dritten Brennstoff (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods involving a third fuel (7), the method comprising the steps:

• Determining a target value for an air ratio λ for the third fuel (7); and
• Determining a third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the third fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, the method comprising the step:
Determining a third setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a third fuel (7) using a curve stored for the third fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step:
Determining a third setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a third fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the third fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, the method comprising the step:
Determining a third setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a third fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for the third fuel (7).

For the aforementioned method step of determining a third target value of a signal of the combustion sensor (9), in addition to a stored curve, a table or corresponding means, such as a mathematical relationship or a program sequence, can be used to determine the third target value.

The present disclosure further teaches a computer program comprising instructions which cause a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) of a combustion device (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is communicatively connected to a first combustion sensor (9) of the combustion device (1) and to a second sensor (10, 11) of the combustion device (1), to carry out the method steps of one of the aforementioned methods.

In specific embodiments, one of the aforementioned computer programs comprises a microprocessor program and/or a microcontroller program in the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

The present disclosure further teaches a computer program comprising instructions which cause a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) of a combustion device (1) to carry out the method steps of one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is communicatively connected to a first combustion sensor (9) of the combustion device (1) and to a second sensor (10, 11) of the combustion device (1) and to at least one actuator (4; 6) of the combustion device (1).

The present disclosure further teaches a computer program comprising instructions which cause a control and/or monitoring unit (18) of a Combustion device (1) carries out the method steps of one of the aforementioned methods, wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is communicatively connected to a first combustion sensor (9) of the combustion device (1) and to a second sensor (10, 11) of the combustion device (1) and to at least one actuator of the combustion device (1), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one channel selected from an air supply channel or a fuel supply channel (8) of the combustion device (1).

The present disclosure also teaches a computer-readable medium on which the computer program according to any of the preceding claims is stored.

The present disclosure further teaches a computer-readable medium having stored thereon one of the aforementioned computer programs.

In specific embodiments, one of the aforementioned computer programs comprises a microprocessor program and/or a microcontroller program. In other words, a microprocessor program and/or a microcontroller program is stored on a medium readable by a microprocessor and/or a microcontroller.

• einen ersten Sollwert für ein Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) für einen ersten Brennstoff (7) zu empfangen;
• die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) und anhand des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6) auf den ersten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) zu regeln;
• ein erstes Signal anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aufzuzeichnen;
• ein zweites Signal anhand des zweiten Sensors (10, 11) aufzuzeichnen;
• als Funktion des ersten Signales und als Funktion des zweiten Signales einen zweiten Brennstoff (7) zu bestimmen;
• den ersten Brennstoff (7) mit dem zweiten Brennstoff (7) hinsichtlich einer Zusammensetzung der Brennstoffe (7) zu vergleichen;
• falls der zweite Brennstoff (7) anders zusammengesetzt ist als der erste Brennstoff (7):
  • einen zweiten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) als Funktion des zweiten Brennstoffes (7) zu bestimmen; und
  • die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) und anhand des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6) auf den zweiten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) zu regeln.

The present disclosure further teaches a combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), at least one channel selected from an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8), at least one actuator (4; 6) which acts on the at least one channel, a first combustion sensor (9) in the combustion chamber (2), a second sensor (10, 11) which is different from the first combustion sensor (9), a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) in communicative connection with the at least one actuator (4; 6), the first combustion sensor (9) and the second sensor (10, 11), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to receive a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7);
• to control the combustion device (1) to the first setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6);
• recording a first signal from the first combustion sensor (9);
• recording a second signal from the second sensor (10, 11);
• to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal;
• to compare the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7);
• if the second fuel (7) has a different composition than the first fuel (7):
  • to determine a second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the second fuel (7); and
  • to regulate the combustion device (1) to the second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6).

• einen ersten Sollwert für ein Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) für einen ersten Brennstoff (7) zu empfangen;
• die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) und anhand des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6) auf den ersten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) zu regeln;
• ein erstes Signal anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aufzuzeichnen;
• ein zweites Signal anhand des zweiten Sensors (10, 11) aufzuzeichnen;
• als Funktion des ersten Signales und als Funktion des zweiten Signales einen zweiten Brennstoff (7) zu bestimmen;
• den ersten Brennstoff (7) mit dem zweiten Brennstoff (7) hinsichtlich einer Zusammensetzung der Brennstoffe (7) zu vergleichen;
• falls der zweite Brennstoff (7) anders zusammengesetzt ist als der erste Brennstoff (7):
  • einen zweiten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus einem Sollwert für eine Luftzahl λ für den zweiten Brennstoff (7) zu bestimmen; und
  • die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) und anhand des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6) auf den zweiten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) zu regeln.

The present disclosure also teaches a combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), at least one channel selected from an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8), at least one actuator (4; 6) which acts on the at least one channel, a first combustion sensor (9) in the combustion chamber (2), a second sensor (10, 11) which is different from the first combustion sensor (9), a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) in communicative connection with the at least one actuator (4; 6), the first combustion sensor (9) and the second sensor (10, 11), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to receive a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7);
• to control the combustion device (1) to the first setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6);
• recording a first signal from the first combustion sensor (9);
• recording a second signal from the second sensor (10, 11);
• to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal;
• to compare the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7);
• if the second fuel (7) has a different composition than the first fuel (7):
  • to determine a second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from a setpoint value for an air ratio λ for the second fuel (7); and
  • to regulate the combustion device (1) to the second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6).

In one embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a combustion chamber (2) and the first combustion sensor (9) is a first ionization electrode in the combustion chamber (2). Preferably, the first setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) is a first setpoint value for an ionization current of the first ionization electrode. Preferably, the first signal recorded using the first combustion sensor (9) is a first ionization current. The regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is therefore designed to record a first ionization current using the first ionization electrode.

In one embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a combustion chamber (2) and the second sensor (10, 11) is a second ionization electrode in the combustion chamber (2). Preferably, the second signal recorded by the second sensor (10, 11) is a second ionization current. The regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is therefore designed to record a second ionization current by means of the second ionization electrode.

In another embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a fuel supply channel (8) and the second sensor (10, 11) is a flow sensor for recording a flow of a fuel (7) through the fuel supply channel (8). In particular, the second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can protrude into the fuel supply channel (8). The second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can also be arranged in the fuel supply channel (8). Furthermore, the second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can be attached to the fuel supply channel (8). In addition, the second sensor (10, 11) in the form of a flow sensor can be mechanically secured to the fuel supply channel (8), for example secured with weld points and/or secured with paint and/or secured with adhesive. Thus, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to record a second signal in the form of a flow signal through the fuel supply channel (8) using the flow sensor.

In another embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises a fuel supply channel (8) and the second sensor (10, 11) is designed to detect a valve and/or flap position. The valve and/or flap position is a measure of the flow of the fuel (7) through the fuel supply channel (8). The regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is therefore designed to record a flow signal in the form of a valve and/or flap position through the fuel supply channel (8) using the second sensor (10, 11).

• einen Sollwert für eine Luftzahl λ für einen ersten Brennstoff (7) zu empfangen; und
• einen ersten Sollwert für ein Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus dem Sollwert für die Luftzahl λ für den ersten Brennstoff (7) zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to receive a setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a first fuel (7); and
• to determine a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the first fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to receive or determine a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored for the first fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the first fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for a first fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for the first fuel (7).

For the aforementioned embodiments of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for determining a first setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9), in addition to a stored curve, a table or corresponding means, such as a mathematical relationship or a program sequence, can be used to determine the first setpoint value.

Preferably, the control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a second fuel (7) based on one or more stored tables as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a second fuel (7) based on a stored mathematical relationship as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal based on a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal based on a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a second fuel (7) based on a stored program sequence as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a second fuel (7) based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

• eine erste Differenz zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Signal zu bestimmen; und
• die erste Differenz einem zweiten Brennstoff (7) zuzuordnen.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to determine a first difference between the first and the second signal; and
• to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7).

Preferably, the control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) using one or more stored tables.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a stored mathematical relationship.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) can be designed:
to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) on the basis of a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a stored program sequence.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) can be designed:
to assign the first difference to a second fuel (7) based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

• einen ersten Index als Funktion des ersten Signales und als Funktion des zweiten Signales zu bestimmen;
• ein erstes, negatives oder ein erstes, positives Vorzeichen des ersten Indexes zu bestimmen; und
• den zweiten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des ersten, negativen oder des ersten, positiven Vorzeichens des ersten Indexes zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal;
• to determine a first negative or a first positive sign of the first index; and
• to determine the second fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the first negative or the first positive sign of the first index.

In one embodiment, the first index is a quotient of the first signal and the second signal. The first index can also be a function of a quotient of the first signal and the second signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first index is a difference between the first signal and the second signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first index is a function of a difference between the first signal and the second signal.

• eine erste Differenz zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Signal zu bestimmen;
• ein erstes, negatives oder ein erstes, positives Vorzeichen der ersten Differenz zu bestimmen; und
• den zweiten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion der ersten Differenz und als Funktion des ersten, negativen oder des ersten, positiven Vorzeichens der ersten Differenz zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• determining a first difference between the first and second signals;
• to determine a first negative or a first positive sign of the first difference; and
• to determine the second fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the first negative or the first positive sign of the first difference.

• einen Sollwert für eine Luftzahl λ für den zweiten Brennstoff (7) zu empfangen; und
• einen zweiten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus dem Sollwert für die Luftzahl λ für den zweiten Brennstoff (7) zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to receive a setpoint for an air ratio λ for the second fuel (7); and
• to determine a second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the second fuel (7).

• einen Sollwert für eine Luftzahl λ für den zweiten Brennstoff (7) zu bestimmen; und
• einen zweiten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus dem Sollwert für die Luftzahl λ für den zweiten Brennstoff (7) zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to determine a target value for an air ratio λ for the second fuel (7); and
• to determine a second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the second fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a second setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a second fuel (7) using a curve stored for the second fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory, wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a second setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a second fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the second fuel (7).

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the combustion device (1) comprises a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory, wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine a second setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a second fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for the second fuel (7).

For the aforementioned embodiments of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for determining a second setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9), a table or other means can be used in addition to a stored curve. The other means for determining the second setpoint value include in particular a mathematical relationship or a program sequence.

In one embodiment, the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on the air supply duct and comprises a fan (4), in particular a motor-driven fan. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal which is directed to the motor-driven fan (4). Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-driven fan (4). In another embodiment, the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on the air supply duct and comprises an air flap, in particular a motor-adjustable air flap. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse-width-modulated signal which is directed to the motor-adjustable air flap. Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, wherein the signal from the converter is directed to the motor-adjustable air flap. Furthermore, without claiming to be complete, controls can be provided based on signals between 0 and 20 milliamperes or between 0 and 10 volts. Control using a stepper motor is also possible.

Furthermore, the at least one actuator (4; 6) can act on the fuel supply channel (8) and comprise a valve, in particular a motor-adjustable valve. In particular, the control can be based on a pulse width modulated signal which is directed to the motor-adjustable valve. Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, the signal from the converter being directed to the motor-adjustable valve. In addition, the at least one actuator (4; 6) can act on the fuel supply channel (8) and comprise a fuel flap, in particular a motor-adjustable fuel flap. In particular, the control can be carried out using a pulse width modulated signal which is directed to the motor-adjustable fuel flap. Furthermore, the control can be carried out using a signal from a converter, the signal from the converter being directed to the motor-adjustable fuel flap. Furthermore, without claiming to be complete, controls can be provided using signals between 0 and 20 milliamperes or between 0 and 10 volts. Control by means of a stepper motor is also possible.

• den mindestens einen Aktor (4; 6) zu verstellen;
• nach dem Verstellen des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6), ein drittes Signal anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aufzuzeichnen;
• nach dem Verstellen des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6), ein viertes Signal anhand des zweiten Sensors (10, 11) aufzuzeichnen;
• einen dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion des dritten Signales und als Funktion des vierten Signales zu bestimmen;
• den ersten Brennstoff (7) mit dem dritten Brennstoff (7) hinsichtlich einer Zusammensetzung der Brennstoffe (7) zu vergleichen;
• falls der erste Brennstoff (7) anders zusammengesetzt ist als der dritte Brennstoff (7):
  • einen dritten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) als Funktion des dritten Brennstoffes (7) zu bestimmen; und
  • die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) und anhand des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6) auf den dritten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) zu regeln.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to adjust at least one actuator (4; 6);
• after adjusting the at least one actuator (4; 6), to record a third signal using the first combustion sensor (9);
• after adjusting the at least one actuator (4; 6), to record a fourth signal using the second sensor (10, 11);
• to determine a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal;
• to compare the first fuel (7) with the third fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7);
• if the first fuel (7) has a different composition than the third fuel (7):
  • to determine a third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the third fuel (7); and
  • to regulate the combustion device (1) to the third target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6).

• den mindestens einen Aktor (4; 6) zu verstellen;
• nach dem Verstellen des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6), ein drittes Signal anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aufzuzeichnen;
• nach dem Verstellen des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6), ein viertes Signal anhand des zweiten Sensors (10, 11) aufzuzeichnen;
• einen dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion des dritten Signales und als Funktion des vierten Signales zu bestimmen;
• den ersten Brennstoff (7) mit dem dritten Brennstoff (7) hinsichtlich einer Zusammensetzung der Brennstoffe (7) zu vergleichen;
• falls der erste Brennstoff (7) anders zusammengesetzt ist als der dritte Brennstoff (7):
  • einen dritten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus einem Sollwert für eine Luftzahl λ für den dritten Brennstoff (7) zu bestimmen; und
  • die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) anhand des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) und anhand des mindestens einen Aktors (4; 6) auf den dritten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) zu regeln.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to adjust at least one actuator (4; 6);
• after adjusting the at least one actuator (4; 6), to record a third signal using the first combustion sensor (9);
• after adjusting the at least one actuator (4; 6), to record a fourth signal using the second sensor (10, 11);
• to determine a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal;
• to compare the first fuel (7) with the third fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7);
• if the first fuel (7) has a different composition than the third fuel (7):
  • to determine a third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from a setpoint value for an air ratio λ for the third fuel (7); and
  • to regulate the combustion device (1) to the third target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6).

In one embodiment, the combustion device (1) comprises an adjustable actuator (4; 6).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1) including an adjustment of the at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine the target value for an air ratio λ for the third fuel (7) at least from the third signal and the fourth signal.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1) including an adjustment of the at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine the target value for an air ratio λ for the third fuel (7) at least from the third signal and the fourth signal and a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for the third fuel (7).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1) including an adjustment of the at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:
to determine the target value for an air ratio λ for the third fuel (7) at least from the third signal and the fourth signal and a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for the first fuel (7) and a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for the third fuel (7).

• anhand einer oder mehrerer hinterlegter Tabellen den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion des dritten Signales und als Funktion des vierten Signales zu bestimmen. Idealerweise umfasst die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) einen nicht-flüchtigen Speicher und die Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) ist unter Einbezug eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) ausgebildet:
• anhand einer oder mehrerer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher hinterlegter Tabellen den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion des dritten Signales und als Funktion des vierten Signales zu bestimmen. Insbesondere kann die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) eine Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) mit einem nicht-flüchtigen Speicher umfassen und die Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) ist unter Einbezug eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) ausgebildet:
  anhand einer oder mehrerer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher der Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) hinterlegter Tabellen den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion des dritten Signales und als Funktion des vierten Signales zu bestimmen.

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):

• to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using one or more stored tables. Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
• to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
  to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using a stored mathematical relationship.

In one embodiment, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine a third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the third fuel (7) using a stored mathematical relationship and as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal. The mathematical relationship is ideally stored in a non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal based on a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal based on a stored program sequence.

In one embodiment, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine a third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the third fuel (7) using a stored program sequence and as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal based on a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18). The stored program sequence is ideally stored in a non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

• eine zweite Differenz zwischen dem dritten und dem vierten Signal zu bestimmen; und
• einen dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion der zweiten Differenz zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to determine a second difference between the third and the fourth signal; and
• to determine a third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference.

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using one or more stored tables.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a stored mathematical relationship.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a stored program sequence.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference using a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

• einen ersten Index als Funktion des ersten Signales und als Funktion des zweiten Signales zu bestimmen;
• einen zweiten Index als Funktion des dritten Signales und als Funktion des vierten Signales zu bestimmen; und
• den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten Indexes zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1) involving a third fuel (7), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal;
• to determine a second index as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; and
• to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index.

In one embodiment, the second index is a quotient of the third signal and the fourth signal. The second index can also be a function of a quotient of the third signal and the fourth signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the second index is a difference between the third signal and the fourth signal. Furthermore, it can be provided that the second index is a function of a difference between the third signal and the fourth signal.

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using one or more stored tables.

• den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten Indexes anhand einer oder mehrerer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher hinterlegter Tabellen zu bestimmen. Insbesondere kann die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) eine Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) mit einem nicht-flüchtigen Speicher umfassen und die Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) ist unter Einbezug eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) ausgebildet:
• den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten Indexes anhand einer oder mehrerer im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher der Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) hinterlegter Tabellen zu bestimmen.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):

• to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
• to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using a stored mathematical relationship.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the control and/or Control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed with the inclusion of a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index using a stored program sequence.

• den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten Indexes anhand eines im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher Programmablaufes Beziehung zu bestimmen. Insbesondere kann die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) eine Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) mit einem nicht-flüchtigen Speicher umfassen und die Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) ist unter Einbezug eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) ausgebildet:
• den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion des ersten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten Indexes anhand eines im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher der Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) hinterlegten Programmablaufes zu bestimmen.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):

• to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index based on a program sequence in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
• to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index on the basis of a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

• eine erste Differenz zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Signal zu bestimmen;
• eine zweite Differenz zwischen dem dritten und dem vierten Signal zu bestimmen; und
• den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion der ersten Differenz und als Funktion der zweiten Differenz zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1) involving a third fuel (7), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• determining a first difference between the first and second signals;
• to determine a second difference between the third and the fourth signal; and
• to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference.

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using one or more stored tables.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using one or more tables stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a stored mathematical relationship.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory.

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a mathematical relationship stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a stored program sequence.

• den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion der ersten Differenz und als Funktion der zweiten Differenz anhand eines im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher hinterlegten Programmablaufes zu bestimmen. Insbesondere kann die Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) eine Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) mit einem nicht-flüchtigen Speicher umfassen und die Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) ist unter Einbezug eines dritten Brennstoffes (7) ausgebildet:
• den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion der ersten Differenz und als Funktion der zweiten Differenz anhand eines im nicht-flüchtigen Speicher der Regel- und/oder Steuer- und/oder Überwachungseinheit (18) hinterlegten Programmablaufes zu bestimmen.

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):

• to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory. In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or Control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed with the inclusion of a third fuel (7):
• to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first difference and as a function of the second difference using a program sequence stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18).

• ein zweites, negatives oder ein zweites, positives Vorzeichen des zweiten Indexes zu bestimmen; und
• den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion des zweiten Indexes und als Funktion des zweiten, negativen oder des zweiten, positiven Vorzeichens des zweiten Indexes zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1) including a third fuel (7) and a second index, wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to determine a second, negative or a second, positive sign of the second index; and
• to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second index and as a function of the second negative or the second positive sign of the second index.

• ein zweites, negatives oder ein zweites, positives Vorzeichen der zweiten Differenz zu bestimmen; und
• den dritten Brennstoff (7) als Funktion der zweiten Differenz und als Funktion des zweiten, negativen oder des zweiten, positiven Vorzeichens der zweiten Differenz zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1) including a third fuel (7) and a second difference, wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to determine a second, negative or a second, positive sign of the second difference; and
• to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second difference and as a function of the second, negative or the second, positive sign of the second difference.

• einen Sollwert für eine Luftzahl A für den dritten Brennstoff (7) vorzugeben; und
• einen dritten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus dem Sollwert für die Luftzahl λ für den dritten Brennstoff (7) zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1) involving a third fuel (7), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to specify a target value for an air ratio A for the third fuel (7); and
• to determine a third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the third fuel (7).

Preferably, specifying a target value for an air ratio λ for the third fuel (7) results in the air ratio λ being fixed using a stored curve. The stored curve is ideally a curve stored for the third fuel (7). The same applies to the first and second fuel (7).

• einen Sollwert für eine Luftzahl λ für den dritten Brennstoff (7) zu bestimmen; und
• einen dritten Sollwert für das Signal des ersten Verbrennungssensors (9) aus dem Sollwert für die Luftzahl λ für den dritten Brennstoff (7) zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned combustion devices (1) involving a third fuel (7), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed:

• to determine a target value for an air ratio λ for the third fuel (7); and
• to determine a third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for the air ratio λ for the third fuel (7).

Preferably, the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine a third setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a third fuel (7) using a curve stored for the third fuel (7).

Ideally, the combustion device (1) comprises a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine a third setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a third fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory for the third fuel (7).

In particular, the combustion device (1) can comprise a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) with a non-volatile memory and the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed to include a third fuel (7):
to determine a third setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9) from the setpoint value for an air ratio λ for a third fuel (7) using a curve stored in the non-volatile memory of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for the third fuel (7).

For the aforementioned embodiments of the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) for determining a third setpoint value for a signal of the first combustion sensor (9), in addition to a stored curve, a table or corresponding means, such as a mathematical relationship or a program sequence, can be used to determine the third setpoint value.

In the aforementioned embodiments, the first fuel (7) has a composition. The second and third fuels (7) also each have a composition.

The above relates to individual embodiments of the disclosure. Various changes can be made to the embodiments without departing from the underlying idea and without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The subject matter of the present disclosure is defined by the claims thereof. Various changes can be made without departing from the scope of the following claims.

Reference symbols

• 1 combustion device
• 2 Firebox
• 3 Exhaust gases
• 4 (motor-driven) fans
• 5 Air supply
• 6 Fuel actuator (especially gas quantity actuator, motor-adjustable valve)
• 7 Fuel, in particular fuel gas
• 8 Fuel supply channel
• 9 first combustion sensor
• 10 optional flow and/or pressure sensor with any necessary installations in the fuel supply channel
• 11 second sensor
• 12 Signal line for specifying the air supply (air flow rate) to the fan
• 13 (Signal line for transmitting the) fan speed
• 14 Signal line for specifying fuel supply (fuel flow rate) to the fuel actuator
• 15 Signal line for the (first) ionization signal
• 16 Signal line and/or feedback line of the optional flow and/or pressure sensor
• 17 Signal line for the optional second ionization signal
• 18 Control and/or monitoring unit (with non-volatile memory)
• 19 Air supply or fan speed or power
• 20 ionization current
• 21 Course of an ionization current with fuel (mixture) one and λ=λ _{target fuel1}
• 22 Course of an ionization current with fuel (mixture) two and λ=λ _{target fuel2}
• 23 Course of an ionization current with a mixture of fuel one and two and λ=λ _target mixture
• 24 Air ratio λ
• 25 ionization current
• 26 - 29: Ionization current over λ for an air supply or fan speed or power for 26: the first combustion sensor and the first fuel
• 27: the first combustion sensor and the second fuel
• 28: the second combustion sensor and the first fuel
• 29: the second combustion sensor and the second fuel
• 30a, 30b: λ _shall
• 31: first λ shift
• 32: second λ shift
• 33: Difference of the ionization currents to the first λ shift
• 34: Difference of the ionization currents to the second λ shift

Claims (15)

Method for controlling a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising a first combustion sensor (9) and a second sensor (10, 11), wherein the second sensor (10, 11) is different from the first combustion sensor (9), the method comprising the steps: Specifying a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7); Controlling the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the first setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9); Recording a first signal from the first combustion sensor (9); Recording a second signal using the second sensor (10, 11); Determining a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; Comparing the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the second fuel (7) has a different composition than the first fuel (7): Determining a second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the second fuel (7); and Controlling the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9). The method according to claim 1, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one channel selected from the air supply channel and the fuel supply channel (8), the method comprising the step:
Controlling the combustion device (1) using the at least one actuator (4; 6) and the first combustion sensor (9) to the first setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9). The method according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one channel selected from the air supply channel and the fuel supply channel (8), the method comprising the step:
Controlling the combustion device (1) using the at least one actuator (4; 6) and the first combustion sensor (9) to the second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9). The method according to one of claims 1 to 3, the method comprising the steps: Determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; Determining a first negative or a first positive sign of the first index; and Determining the second fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the first negative or the first positive sign of the first index. The method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the combustion device (1) comprises an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8) and at least one actuator (4; 6), wherein the at least one actuator (4; 6) acts on at least one channel selected from the air supply channel and the fuel supply channel (8), the method comprising the steps: Changing a position of the at least one actuator (4; 6); after changing the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), recording a third signal using the first combustion sensor (9); after the change in the position of the at least one actuator (4; 6), recording a fourth signal using the second sensor (10, 11); Determining a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; Comparing the first fuel (7) with the third fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the first fuel (7) has a different composition than the third fuel (7): Determining a third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the third fuel (7); and Controlling the combustion device (1) using the first combustion sensor (9) to the third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9). The method according to claim 5, the method comprising the steps: Determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; Determining a second index as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; and Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index. The method according to claim 6, the method comprising the steps: Determining a second negative or a second positive sign of the second index; and Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the second index and as a function of the second negative or the second positive sign of the second index. The method according to claims 6 and 7, the method comprising the step:
Determining the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index and as a function of the second, negative or the second, positive sign of the second index. Computer program comprising instructions which cause a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) of a combustion device (1), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is communicatively connected to a first combustion sensor (9) of the combustion device (1) and to a second sensor (10, 11) of the combustion device (1), to carry out the method steps of one of the methods according to claims 1 to 8. A computer-readable medium on which the computer program according to claim 9 is stored. Combustion device (1) comprising a combustion chamber (2), at least one channel selected from an air supply channel and a fuel supply channel (8), at least one actuator (4; 6) which acts on the at least one channel, a first combustion sensor (9) in the combustion chamber (2), a second sensor (10, 11) which is different from the first combustion sensor (9), a regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) in communicative connection with the at least one actuator (4; 6), the first combustion sensor (9) and the second sensor (10, 11), wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed: to receive a first setpoint value for a signal from the first combustion sensor (9) for a first fuel (7); to control the combustion device (1) to the first setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6); recording a first signal from the first combustion sensor (9); recording a second signal from the second sensor (10, 11); to determine a second fuel (7) as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; to compare the first fuel (7) with the second fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the second fuel (7) has a different composition than the first fuel (7): to determine a second setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the second fuel (7); and to regulate the combustion device (1) to the second target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6). The combustion device (1) according to claim 11, wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed: determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; to determine a first negative or a first positive sign of the first index; and to determine the second fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the first negative or the first positive sign of the first index. The combustion device (1) according to one of claims 11 to 12, wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed: to adjust at least one actuator (4; 6); after adjusting the at least one actuator (4; 6), to record a third signal using the first combustion sensor (9); after adjusting the at least one actuator (4; 6), to record a fourth signal using the second sensor (10, 11); to determine a third fuel (7) as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; to compare the first fuel (7) with the third fuel (7) with regard to a composition of the fuels (7); if the first fuel (7) has a different composition than the third fuel (7): to determine a third setpoint value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) as a function of the third fuel (7); and to regulate the combustion device (1) to the third target value for the signal of the first combustion sensor (9) using the first combustion sensor (9) and the at least one actuator (4; 6). The combustion device (1) according to claim 13, wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed: determining a first index as a function of the first signal and as a function of the second signal; to determine a second index as a function of the third signal and as a function of the fourth signal; and to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the first index and as a function of the second index. The combustion device (1) according to claim 14, wherein the regulating and/or control and/or monitoring unit (18) is designed: to determine a second, negative or a second, positive sign of the second index; and to determine the third fuel (7) as a function of the second index and as a function of the second negative or the second positive sign of the second index.

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