EP4407083A1 - Guide-fil pour machine à tricoter pour des réseaux de métaux précieux - Google Patents
Guide-fil pour machine à tricoter pour des réseaux de métaux précieux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4407083A1 EP4407083A1 EP23153366.2A EP23153366A EP4407083A1 EP 4407083 A1 EP4407083 A1 EP 4407083A1 EP 23153366 A EP23153366 A EP 23153366A EP 4407083 A1 EP4407083 A1 EP 4407083A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- thread guide
- precious metal
- metal wire
- guide according
- deflection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 15
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006189 Andrussov oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoplatinum Chemical compound [Pt]=O MUMZUERVLWJKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 platinum metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
- D04B15/38—Devices for supplying, feeding, or guiding threads to needles
- D04B15/54—Thread guides
- D04B15/56—Thread guides for flat-bed knitting machines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a knitting machine for knitting precious metal nets for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia, in particular for the oxidation to NO, as used for nitric acid production.
- the core of these heterogeneously catalyzed gas reactions are noble metal catalysts in the form of gas-permeable spatial structures on or in which the reaction takes place.
- noble metal nets in the form of fabrics DE4028916 C2
- knitted EP0364153 B1 , DE4206199 C1
- the catalyst nets are usually arranged in a flow reactor in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction of the gas mixture. Conical arrangements are also known. It is advisable to arrange several precious metal nets one behind the other and combine them to form a net stack.
- illustration 1 shows, using the example of catalytic ammonia oxidation (Ostwald process), a schematic representation of the reactor with the mesh stack installed in it, the function of which is described below:
- the mesh stack (3) is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction.
- the mesh stack consists of several catalyst meshes (4) arranged one behind the other on the inlet side and downstream separation and getter meshes (5). This mesh stack is held in position by clamping.
- reaction gas (ammonia-air oxygen mixture with an ammonia content of 9 - 13 vol.%) (6) flows through the mesh stack (3) under atmospheric or elevated pressure, whereby the gas mixture is ignited in the inlet area and the combustion reaction to nitrogen monoxide (NO) and water covers the entire reaction zone (2): 4 NH 3 + 5 O 2 (air) --> 4 NO + 6 H 2 O
- the NO in the outflowing reaction gas mixture subsequently reacts with the excess atmospheric oxygen to form NO 2 : 2NO + O 2 ⁇ 2NO 2
- the NO 2 reacts in a subsequent absorption with water to form nitric acid, which is used in fertilizer production, for example: 3 NO 2 + H 2 O ⁇ 2 HNO 3 + NO
- Precious metal wires made of platinum, rhodium or alloys of these metals with other precious or base metals are used to produce the precious metal nets.
- Typical alloys are platinum-rhodium or platinum-palladium-rhodium alloys with 88 to 97 wt.% platinum.
- Platinum is required to achieve the highest possible ammonia conversion, rhodium improves the selectivity to NO, thereby reducing the emission of nitrous oxide, and increases the mechanical strength [ GR Maxwell: "Synthetic Nitrogen Products - A Practical Guide to the Products and Processes", Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2005, page 220 ].
- Palladium in turn, is used to reduce precious metal costs by replacing platinum, depending on precious metal prices.
- Flat knitting machines are used for knitting precious metal nets.
- the structure of the flat knitting machine is described in Figure 2
- the flat knitting machine has a front (8) and a rear needle bed (9) in which the latch needles (10) are installed.
- the thread or the precious metal wire is fed through a thread guide (13).
- the description is limited to the knitting of precious metal wire.
- the latch needles pass through different positions depending on the programming of the machine. The programming therefore determines the structure of the knitted fabric via the movement of the latch needles.
- a special feature of the flat knitting machine compared to other fabric-forming machines is that knitted fabrics can be formed synchronously on the front and rear needle beds independently of each other. can be used (single-bed fabric).
- spacer knits double-bed fabric
- the knitted fabric is knitted downwards between the two needle beds (11). This is done by successively knocking off the individual formed stitches via the knock-off position and the knock-off bar edge (12).
- Knitted precious metal nets have a number of advantages over woven precious metal nets, which is why they are preferred in industrial use today.
- the knitting technique offers the possibility of a high degree of flexibility in terms of knitting patterns, the thickness of the precious metal wire used and the resulting weight per unit area.
- the precious metal knits can be produced more economically, as the knitting technique requires shorter set-up times than the weaving technique. In particular, this means that precious metal binding in production is significantly reduced.
- Precious metal nets of any length can be produced on flat knitting machines.
- the minimum mesh size i.e. the density of the knitted fabric, is limited by the maximum number of latch needles per given width.
- Gold, silver and the platinum metals are considered precious metals .
- Catalyst networks are those networks whose catalytic activity is used for the conversion of ammonia with oxygen.
- Getter nets are the nets that are installed in the reaction gas flow on the outlet side of the catalyst nets in order to capture volatile platinum oxide for recycling by alloying with the palladium of the getter nets and thus minimize platinum loss.
- the totality of the catalyst and getter nets is referred to as precious metal nets.
- Separation nets are nets made of high-temperature-resistant steel, which are installed between the precious metal nets to prevent the precious metal nets from sintering together.
- the mesh stack consists of the catalyst meshes on the inlet side of the mesh stack, and optionally the getter meshes on the outlet side of the mesh stack, as well as the separation meshes, which may be installed between the precious metal meshes.
- a flow reactor is the reactor that ensures that the reaction gas is passed over the mesh stack installed in it.
- the knitting process is carried out using the latch needles.
- a latch needle is required for each wale in a knitted fabric.
- the precious metal wire is fed to the latch needles via the thread guide . Precise positioning is important so that the latch needles can grip the precious metal wire and no insertion errors occur, which would result in a knitting defect in the product.
- Needle bed single-bed fabric, double-bed fabric, pile thread:
- the needle bed is the element of the flat knitting machine over which the latch needles are guided.
- the flat knitting machine usually has a front and a rear needle bed, on each of which a knitted fabric can be knitted ( single-bed fabric ). If these two knitted fabrics are knitted together using pile threads during the knitting process, the newly created knitted fabric is a double-bed fabric.
- a loop is created by connecting two loops.
- a catch is a loop that is inserted from one needle bed to the opposite needle bed in an R/R weave.
- the terms 'loop', 'loop' and 'R/R weave' are familiar to those skilled in the art.
- Row and wale stitches The stitches formed one after the other using the same precious metal wire are collectively referred to as a row of stitches .
- the parallel rows of stitches are held together by intertwining the stitches of a wale stitch .
- the precious metal wire is subjected to bending stress and friction.
- the thread guide (13) which has to feed the precious metal wire to the latch needles (10) in the correct position, places a strain on the precious metal wire, as the precious metal wire is deflected by approximately 90° at the wire outlet via an eyelet and runs over the edge of the eyelet at high speed. This leads to damage to the precious metal wire surface and may even lead to the precious metal wire breaking off and to wear of the thread guide eyelet.
- precious metal wire is more difficult to hold in position than a textile thread due to its bending stiffness, which can result in insertion errors in the stitch formation process of knitting.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to reduce the wear of the precious metal wire and the thread guide and to improve the positioning of the precious metal wire for gripping by the latch needles.
- precious metal wire is therefore always mentioned as the starting material. If necessary, steel wire or yarn can also be knitted.
- the task is solved by a thread guide for a flat knitting machine for the knitting of precious metal wire, in which the thread guide is equipped with one or more deflection rollers at the wire outlet, over which the precious metal wire is deflected.
- Figure 3 shows an example of a thread guide according to the invention.
- the deflection rollers (14) can be clearly seen.
- a pulley consists of a wheel that is mounted on an axle with as little friction as possible and over which a precious metal wire is guided. This minimizes the friction between the precious metal wire and the pulley, which minimizes wear on the precious metal wire and thus reduces the risk of the wire breaking.
- the thread guide is moved back and forth above the latch needles so that the exit direction of the precious metal wire changes by 180° at each end of the knitting bed used.
- the thread guide is preferably equipped with two deflection rollers at the end, the axes of which run parallel, with the precious metal wire exiting the thread guide between the deflection rollers. The precious metal wire is thus guided over a deflection roller in both directions of movement without the thread guide having to be rotated.
- the pulley should be able to rotate as easily and quickly as possible in order to keep the friction between the precious metal wire and the pulley as low as possible.
- One variant of the thread guide is therefore equipped with pulleys with plain bearing bushes. Teflon or bronze are suitable as plain bearing bushing materials, as they run with little friction and enable a long service life. Plain bearings have the advantage over roller bearings that they are less sensitive to impacts and vibrations and less susceptible to dirt. In addition, their construction is very simple.
- the deflection rollers are preferably equipped with roller bearings, as these are technically more complex but can further reduce the friction between the precious metal wire and the deflection roller.
- Ball bearings are particularly preferred as they keep the bearings stable in the axial direction and can also reduce the friction generated by the axial forces acting on the deflection roller.
- Steel is particularly suitable as a rolling bearing material because it is resistant to wear.
- steel is also very suitable for the deflection pulley.
- the deflection pulley can also be the outer ring of the rolling bearing.
- the deflection roller or the deflection rollers guide rollers, which have a radial groove in the middle of their outer running surface, which prevents slipping of the wire or thread from the roll. Slipping of the wire requires an interruption of the knitting process and must be avoided at all costs.
- This groove preferably has a width of 0.2 to 2 mm.
- the groove has a round cross-section with a radius of curvature of this cross-section that is greater than the width of the groove. This prevents damage to the wire surface by the edges running on both sides of the groove, thus preventing potential wire breakage.
- the invention also includes a flat-bed knitting machine for knitting precious metal wire, in which the thread guide according to the invention is used and is installed in the flat-bed knitting machine in such a way that the axes of the deflection rollers are arranged at right angles to the plane of movement of the thread guide. This ensures that the precious metal wire always runs at right angles to the axis of the deflection roller and this arrangement minimizes the friction of the precious metal wire with the deflection roller and the risk of slipping off the deflection roller.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23153366.2A EP4407083A1 (fr) | 2023-01-26 | 2023-01-26 | Guide-fil pour machine à tricoter pour des réseaux de métaux précieux |
| PCT/EP2024/051705 WO2024156780A1 (fr) | 2023-01-26 | 2024-01-25 | Utilisation d'un guide-fil pour une machine à tricoter pour tamis en métal noble |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23153366.2A EP4407083A1 (fr) | 2023-01-26 | 2023-01-26 | Guide-fil pour machine à tricoter pour des réseaux de métaux précieux |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4407083A1 true EP4407083A1 (fr) | 2024-07-31 |
Family
ID=85122318
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23153366.2A Pending EP4407083A1 (fr) | 2023-01-26 | 2023-01-26 | Guide-fil pour machine à tricoter pour des réseaux de métaux précieux |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4407083A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024156780A1 (fr) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1236712B (de) * | 1961-02-09 | 1967-03-16 | Scott & Williams Inc | Fadenfuehrerbruecke fuer Rundstrickmaschinen |
| DE7403104U (de) * | 1974-01-30 | 1977-07-14 | Skf Kugellagerfabriken Gmbh, 8720 Schweinfurt | Rollenlagerung in textilmaschinen |
| EP0364153B1 (fr) | 1988-10-12 | 1992-03-04 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Tissu métallique |
| DE4206199C1 (fr) | 1991-03-16 | 1992-11-12 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
| DE4028916C2 (de) | 1990-09-12 | 1994-05-05 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Aus Draht gewebtes Katalysator-Netz aus den Edelmetall-Legierungen Platin/Rhodium oder Platin/Rhodium/Palladium |
| DE29515458U1 (de) * | 1995-09-28 | 1997-02-06 | Palitex Project-Company GmbH, 47804 Krefeld | Fadenführungsrolle für Textilmaschinen |
| DE19642051A1 (de) * | 1995-10-12 | 1997-04-17 | Du Pont | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Stricken oder Wirken von Maschenware aus unelastischem Garn und blankem elastomerem Garn und Konstruktion einer abgepassten Maschenware |
| EP1358010B2 (fr) | 2001-02-08 | 2008-07-23 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Gazes catalytiques tridimensionnelles tricotees en deux couches |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE30190C (de) * | 1884-03-05 | 1885-01-28 | Prinz A. THURN-TAXIS und R. Graf WESTPHALEN in Wien | Machine zum Verstricken von Metalldraht |
-
2023
- 2023-01-26 EP EP23153366.2A patent/EP4407083A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-01-25 WO PCT/EP2024/051705 patent/WO2024156780A1/fr unknown
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1236712B (de) * | 1961-02-09 | 1967-03-16 | Scott & Williams Inc | Fadenfuehrerbruecke fuer Rundstrickmaschinen |
| DE7403104U (de) * | 1974-01-30 | 1977-07-14 | Skf Kugellagerfabriken Gmbh, 8720 Schweinfurt | Rollenlagerung in textilmaschinen |
| EP0364153B1 (fr) | 1988-10-12 | 1992-03-04 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Tissu métallique |
| DE4028916C2 (de) | 1990-09-12 | 1994-05-05 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | Aus Draht gewebtes Katalysator-Netz aus den Edelmetall-Legierungen Platin/Rhodium oder Platin/Rhodium/Palladium |
| DE4206199C1 (fr) | 1991-03-16 | 1992-11-12 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
| DE29515458U1 (de) * | 1995-09-28 | 1997-02-06 | Palitex Project-Company GmbH, 47804 Krefeld | Fadenführungsrolle für Textilmaschinen |
| DE19642051A1 (de) * | 1995-10-12 | 1997-04-17 | Du Pont | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Stricken oder Wirken von Maschenware aus unelastischem Garn und blankem elastomerem Garn und Konstruktion einer abgepassten Maschenware |
| EP1358010B2 (fr) | 2001-02-08 | 2008-07-23 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Gazes catalytiques tridimensionnelles tricotees en deux couches |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| ANDREAS JESSPETER WASSERSCHEID: "Chemical Technology", 2013, WILEY-VCH VERLAG |
| G. R. MAXWELL: "Synthetic Nitrogen Products - A Practical Guide to the Products and Processes", 2005, SPRINGER SCIENCE + BUSINESS MEDIA, INC, pages: 220 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024156780A1 (fr) | 2024-08-02 |
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