EP4379164A1 - Exterior wall of a building with a façade arranged upstream therefrom - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an external wall (1) of a building with a facade arranged in front of it, which has vertically running wooden profiles (2), which are each connected to a substructure in a weight-bearing manner at several anchoring points that are vertically spaced from one another, wherein each anchoring point has a multi-part connecting fitting (3) in which a first fitting part (6) and a second fitting part (7) are brought into a hooked state by a vertical relative movement to one another. The two fitting parts (6, 7) touch one another on vertically aligned surfaces, wherein both fitting parts (6, 7) jointly delimit a channel (17) running in the vertical direction, wherein a threaded bolt (8) is screwed into the channel (17) in its longitudinal direction and is in threaded engagement with both fitting parts (6, 7).

Description

The invention relates to an outer wall of a building with a facade arranged in front of it.

The weight of vertical profiles arranged as a layer of a facade in front of the outer wall of a building is usually supported by the outer wall of the building. In most cases, each of the profiles is connected to a substructure at several spaced-apart points in a weight-bearing manner, which in turn is supported by the outer wall.

Particularly when the vertically running profiles already represent the outermost, visible layer of the facade and when adjacent profiles are horizontally spaced from each other, for optical reasons, connecting fittings are preferably used for the connection between the profiles and the substructure which extend on the profiles only on the side of the lateral surface which faces the substructure. The connecting fittings are typically designed in two parts, with one fitting part being anchored to the substructure and the second fitting part to the profile, and the two fitting parts can be hooked to the substructure-side fitting part by moving the profile-side fitting part downwards. DE 20218592 U1 shows an example connecting fitting.

The EP1764447B1 shows a connecting fitting for connecting a lateral surface side of a vertically running wooden profile ("post") with the front side of a horizontally running wooden profile ("bar"), which is to be supported by the vertically running profile. The connecting fitting has two fitting parts designed as horizontally running profile sections, with one fitting part on the lateral surface side of the vertically running wooden profile is attached by screws and the second fitting part is attached to the front side of the horizontally running wooden profile by screws. To connect the two fitting parts to each other, first a profile wall of the fitting part on the horizontal wooden profile, which forms a hook extension that is open at the bottom, is hooked to a profile wall of the fitting part on the vertical wooden profile, which forms a hook extension that is open at the top. Then a screw is screwed into a channel that runs horizontally between the two profile walls, whereby the two fitting parts are braced against each other and thus rigidly fixed to each other with regard to all degrees of freedom.

The EP4067594A1 describes a two-part connecting fitting which is designed to anchor the front face of a horizontally running beam to be supported to the outer surface of a vertically running beam. Both fitting parts are in turn profile sections. One fitting part is designed with a groove with a T-shaped cross-sectional area and the second fitting part with a projection in the form of a T-profile. To connect, the projection is inserted into the groove in the direction of the profile and then a screw is screwed into two remaining channels, the outer surface of which is each formed by the surfaces of both fitting parts, which is in threaded engagement with both fitting parts. The profile directions of the two fitting parts and the direction of the screws run vertically, i.e. parallel to the direction of the greatest force to be transmitted. In order to be able to use the fitting flexibly for cross-sectional areas of the horizontally running beam of different heights, fitting parts are divided into individual pieces which can be plugged together in the vertical direction. The screws to be screwed into the channels then extend in one piece over the total length of all individual pieces.

With the methods used to date to mount vertical profiles on a wall in a weight-bearing manner and to anchor the profiles at vertically spaced points, it is not possible to reliably prevent the entire weight of the profile (and any other parts attached to it) from being held at just one anchoring point due to dimensional tolerances and not being distributed across all anchoring points. Since it is not possible to predict which of the anchoring points will ultimately bear the load, all anchoring points must be dimensioned to bear a significantly higher load than would be necessary if the load were distributed largely evenly across all anchoring columns.

The object underlying the invention is to carry out the weight-bearing anchoring of vertically running profiles of a facade at several vertically spaced anchoring points on a substructure in such an improved manner compared to the construction methods discussed that the load transfer is better distributed across all anchoring points.

To solve the problem, it is proposed to use a two-part connecting fitting for each anchoring point, in which one fitting part is anchored to the substructure and the second fitting part to the lateral surface side of the vertically running profile facing the substructure, wherein the two fitting parts touch each other on surfaces which are designed as lateral surface sides of a profile running in the vertical direction, i.e. are themselves vertically aligned, wherein the two fitting parts can be hooked into each other against relative movement in horizontal directions and wherein, when the two fitting parts are hooked into each other, a channel running in the vertical direction is delimited by both fitting parts together, wherein a part of the lateral surface of the channel is formed by one fitting part and another part of the lateral surface of the channel is formed by the other fitting part and whereby a threaded bolt can be screwed into the channel in its longitudinal direction and can thus be brought into threaded engagement with both fitting parts.

Because the surfaces of the two fitting parts facing each other are designed as the lateral surface sides of a vertically aligned profile and can be pushed into each other by a vertical relative movement, their vertical relative position to each other can be freely adjusted over a wide range. The vertical relative position between the two fitting parts is only fixed when the threaded bolt is screwed into the channel between the two fitting parts. The two fitting parts can preferably be hooked into each other by a relative movement in the vertical direction against relative movement in the horizontal direction. In addition or as an alternative to this, they can also be hooked into each other by a relative movement in the horizontal direction, so that they are held together by a snap connection.

Fig. 1:

zeigt eine beispielhafte erfindungsgemäß mit einer Fassade versehene Außenwand eines Gebäudes in Schnittansicht mit vertikaler, zur Ebene der Außenwand normal ausgerichteter Schnittebene.

Fig. 2:

zeigt die Außenwand von Fig. 1 in Schnittansicht mit horizontaler Schnittebene.

Fig. 3:

zeigt ebenfalls in Schnittansicht mit horizontaler Schnittebene einen Ausschnitt der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Anordnung gegenüber Fig. 2 stark vergrößert.

Fig. 4:

zeigt die Anordnung von Fig. 3 in gleicher Ansicht, wobei durch punktierte Verbindungslinien jene Flächenpaare verbunden sind, an denen jeweils ein nutartiges Gebilde der einen Beschlaghälfte an einem vorsprungartigen Gebilde der zweiten Beschlaghälfte anliegt.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to drawings.

Fig.1:

shows an exemplary outer wall of a building provided with a facade according to the invention in a sectional view with a vertical cutting plane aligned normal to the plane of the outer wall.

Fig. 2:

shows the outer wall of Fig.1 in sectional view with horizontal cutting plane.

Fig. 3:

also shows in sectional view with horizontal cutting plane a section of the Fig.2 shown arrangement compared to Fig.2 greatly enlarged.

Fig.4:

shows the arrangement of Fig. 3 in the same view, whereby the pairs of surfaces are connected by dotted connecting lines, on each of which a groove-like structure of the one fitting half rests against a projection-like structure of the second fitting half.

Fig.1 and Fig.2 show an outer wall 1, which indirectly supports vertically running wooden profiles 2, which are parts of a facade located in front of the outer wall 1. To indirectly hold the wooden profiles 2 on the outer wall 1, the wooden profiles 2 are connected by connecting fittings 3 to a substructure, which comprises horizontally running slats 4, which are rigidly anchored to the outer wall 1 via connecting parts 5. The connecting fittings 3 are each made in two parts; a threaded bolt 8 is used to fix the two fitting parts 6, 7 of the connecting fitting 3 to one another.

In this way, each of the vertically extending wooden profiles 2 is indirectly connected to the outer wall 1 at several connection points spaced apart from one another in the vertical direction.

In Fig.3 the structure of the connecting fitting 3 is clearly visible. Screws 9, 10 and threaded bolts 8 are shown in a simplified manner using dash-dotted lines.

The connecting fitting 3 comprises two fitting parts 6, 7. One fitting part 6 is anchored to the horizontally running slat 4 by means of screws 9. For this purpose, the screws 9 run through screw through-holes in the fitting part 6 and are in threaded engagement with the material of the slat 4.

Analogously, the fitting part 7 is anchored to the vertically running wooden profile 2 by means of screws 10, in that the screws 10 pass through screw through-holes in the fitting part 7 and are in threaded engagement with the material of the wooden profile 2.

The fitting parts 6, 7 touch each other. The contact surfaces of the fitting part 6 with the fitting part 7 are the lateral surface sides of a first vertically extending Profile and the contact surfaces of the fitting part 7 with the fitting part 6 are designed as jacket surface sides of a second profile running in the vertical direction. Regardless of whether the two fitting parts themselves are profile sections, the contact surfaces of the two fitting parts to one another are all vertically aligned surfaces, as if they were each part of the jacket surface of a vertically running profile piece. The two fitting parts 6, 7 can be pushed into one another by a relative movement in the vertical direction such that profile projections 11, 12 of one fitting part 6 or 7 protrude into profile grooves 13, 14 of the other fitting part 7 or 6 and also protrude into an undercut area 15, 16 of the respective profile groove 13, 14, so that relative movement of the fitting parts 6, 7 to one another in all horizontal directions is blocked by a form-fitting connection. In this interlocked position of the two fitting parts 6, 7, the fitting parts 6, 7 together delimit a channel 17 which, like the mentioned lateral surface sides, runs in a vertical direction. Part of the lateral surface of the channel 17 is a surface of one fitting part 6 and another part of the lateral surface of the channel 17 is a surface of the second fitting part 7. In the fully assembled state, a threaded bolt 8 is screwed into the channel 17, the external thread of which is in threaded engagement with a nut thread, the grooves of which run in the boundary walls of the channel 17 in both fitting parts 6, 7.

By screwing the threaded bolt 8 into the channel 17, the two fitting parts 6, 7 are firstly clamped against each other in horizontal directions without play and secondly fixed to each other against relative displacement in the vertical direction.

The rigid fixing of the two fitting parts 6, 7 to each other by screwing the threaded bolt 8 into the channel 17 works well even if both fitting parts 6, 7 are not at exactly the same height; it is sufficient if they are in the vertical direction. There is therefore a comfortably large area within which the two fitting parts 6, 7 can be arranged in any position relative to each other in the vertical direction without the function of the connecting fitting 3 being impaired.

Preferably, the two fitting parts 6, 7 only touch each other on vertical surfaces. Compared to other designs, this enables easier production of the fitting parts 6, 7 and there are fewer restrictions when pushing the fitting parts 6, 7 into one another.

The phrase "undercut area" used above refers to a cross-sectional area of a profile groove which is shaded from part of the opening area of the profile groove by a wall that laterally borders the profile groove. It is also very often the case that in this cross-sectional area of the profile groove the width of the profile groove increases with increasing groove depth.

Preferably and typically, the fitting parts 6, 7 are made of aluminum and the threaded bolt 8 has a self-tapping thread. This combination achieves good strength and durability and it is not necessary to cut a nut thread on the fitting parts 6, 7 in advance.

1. a) An den einzelnen Latten 4 der Unterkonstruktion wird jeweils der lattenseitige Beschlagteil 6 eines Verbindungsbeschlages 3 mittels Schrauben 9 montiert.
2. b) An dem Holzprofil 2 wird bei komfortabel angeordnetem Holzprofil 2 an den für die Verbindung vorgesehenen Längsbereichen der der Außenwand 1 zuzuwendenden Mantelflächenseite jeweils der profilseitige Beschlagteil 7 des Verbindungsbeschlages 3 montiert.
3. c) Das Holzprofil 2 wird derart an die Unterkonstruktion herangeführt, dass sich jeder der am Holzprofil 2 befindlichen Beschlagteile 7 knapp oberhalb oder knapp unterhalb von jeweils einem der Beschlagteile 6 befindet, welche an den Latten 4 der Unterkonstruktion montiert sind.
4. d) Das Holzprofil 2 wird so abgesenkt bzw. angehoben, dass Paare von jeweils einem Beschlagteil 6 und einem Beschlagteil 7 so - wie weiter oben beschrieben - ineinander geschoben werden, dass sie aneinander gegen Relativbewegung in horizontaler Richtung gehalten sind.
5. e) Das Absenken des Holzprofils 2 wird gestoppt, sobald sich das Holzprofil in der gewünschten Höhe relativ zur Außenwand befindet; dabei sind die Paare von Beschlagteilen 6 und 7 ineinander verhakt. Das Holzprofil 2 wird von Hand oder durch untergelegte Teile gegen weiteres Absenken temporär fixiert.
6. f) An den einzelnen Paaren von Beschlagteilen 6, 7 wird jeweils ein Gewindebolzen 8 in den Kanal 17 zwischen den Beschlagteilen 6, 7 eingeschraubt.
7. g) Die temporäre Fixierung des Holzprofils 2 gegen weiteres Absenken - gemäß Schritt e - wird gelöst; das Holzprofil 2 ist durch die Verbindungsbeschläge 3, welche jeweils aus einem Paar von Beschlagteilen 6, 7 bestehen, welche durch einen Gewindebolzen 8 aneinander fixiert sind, gehalten.

The actual assembly of a vertical wooden profile 2 on a substructure comprising several vertically spaced, horizontally running slats 4 can be carried out in the following individual steps:

1. a) The slat-side fitting part 6 of a connecting fitting 3 is mounted on the individual slats 4 of the substructure by means of screws 9.
2. b) When the wooden profile 2 is conveniently arranged, the longitudinal areas intended for the connection The profile-side fitting part 7 of the connecting fitting 3 is mounted on the lateral surface side facing the outer wall 1.
3. c) The wooden profile 2 is brought to the substructure in such a way that each of the fitting parts 7 located on the wooden profile 2 is located just above or just below one of the fitting parts 6 which are mounted on the slats 4 of the substructure.
4. d) The wooden profile 2 is lowered or raised in such a way that pairs of one fitting part 6 and one fitting part 7 are pushed into each other in such a way - as described above - that they are held against each other against relative movement in the horizontal direction.
5. e) The lowering of the wooden profile 2 is stopped as soon as the wooden profile is at the desired height relative to the outer wall; the pairs of fittings 6 and 7 are interlocked. The wooden profile 2 is temporarily fixed against further lowering by hand or by placing parts underneath.
6. f) On each pair of fittings 6, 7, a threaded bolt 8 is screwed into the channel 17 between the fittings 6, 7.
7. g) The temporary fixation of the wooden profile 2 against further lowering - according to step e - is released; the wooden profile 2 is held by the connecting fittings 3, each of which consists of a pair of fitting parts 6, 7 which are fixed to one another by a threaded bolt 8.

Originally, there were concerns that it would be difficult to screw the threaded bolts 8 into the channel 17 of the individual connecting fittings 3 because the space between the wooden profiles 2 and the outer wall 1 is very limited. These concerns turned out to be largely unfounded during the practical implementation of the assembly. Screwing in the threaded bolts 8 is quite easy to achieve in most cases if the threaded bolts 8 have a standard screw head with engagement contour (Allen, Torx, hexagon...) for a plug connection to a screwdriver tool, and if the screwdriver tool has a known so-called flexible shaft between the engagement part to the screw head and the drive. (The "flexible shaft" in this context is a roughly rod-shaped shaft which is flexible but can still transmit the torque required for screwing in around the center axis of its cross-sectional areas.)

Optional advantageous features that are implemented in the exemplary connecting fitting 3 shown are briefly presented:
Preferably, the two fitting parts 6, 7 of the connecting fitting are identical to one another. In the installed situation, the two fitting parts 6, 7 are rotated relative to one another by 180° around a vertical axis and slightly offset to the side. Because the two fitting parts 6, 7 are identical to one another, advantages are achieved compared to different designs, especially in terms of procurement and storage logistics and in terms of the costs for manufacturing tools. In order for the two fitting parts 6, 7 to be identical to one another, each of the fitting parts 6, 7 must have both a profile groove 13, 14 and a profile projection 11, 12, which is dimensioned such that it can be inserted into the profile groove 13, 14 of another, but identically designed fitting part 6, 7.

Preferably, the fittings 6, 7 are sections of an extruded aluminum profile. Aluminum is advantageous for the intended purpose in terms of its material properties. The extrusion manufacturing step makes it easy to realize the complexity of the profile shape and the manufacturing process becomes very economical for series production.

Preferably, the fitting parts 6, 7 have several profile grooves on the side with which they are in direct contact with the horizontally running slat 4 or the wooden profile 2, so that they only contact the slat 4 or the wooden profile 2 with the free end faces of the walls that laterally delimit these profile grooves. Compared to a full-surface contact, this improves the drying of moisture, which increases the durability of the wooden parts. The drying of moisture is also improved compared to otherwise comparable designs in which fitting parts with contact surfaces that have a horizontally running profile are in contact with other parts.

The parts of the substructure anchored to the outer wall 1 to which the wall-side fittings of the connecting fittings are directly anchored do not necessarily have to be horizontally running slats 4 as shown in the drawings. They can also be horizontally running metal profiles, for example, or even spacers made of a solid material placed only at certain points to the outer wall 1. Depending on the design of these parts of the substructure, the wall-side fittings of the connecting fittings can also be mounted to these parts in a way other than by screws that run through through holes in them.

Preferably, those material webs on which the two fitting parts 6, 7 are hooked together are somewhat flexible in horizontal directions so that the hooking of the two fitting parts 6, 7 to each other can also be produced in the manner of a known plug connection by moving the two fitting parts 6, 7 towards each other in a horizontal direction, normal to the plane of the outer wall 1, with some effort, so that projections of one fitting part are pushed into recesses in the other fitting part, whereby the walls on which the two fitting parts touch each other are elastically bent somewhat around horizontal axes until projections of one fitting part are engaged in recesses of the other fitting part. Fig. 3 The design of the fitting parts 6, 7, which can be seen in detail, makes it possible for the fitting parts 6, 7 to snap into one another. Since the fitting parts 6, 7 can be plugged into one another and hooked together by means of a horizontal relative movement in the manner of a snap connection, no vertical displacement of the wooden profiles is required for the installation of the wooden profiles 2 on the outer wall 1. This is quite advantageous because in some buildings there is sometimes not enough space for such a vertical relative movement due to certain projections.

In Fig.4 it is made clear by dotted connecting lines at which pairs of contact surfaces 18, 19 one of two projection-like structures of the slat-side fitting part 6 rests and is clamped by one of two groove-like structures of the profile-side fitting part 6. Similarly, it is also made clear by dotted connecting lines at which pairs of contact surfaces 20, 21 one of two projection-like structures of the profile-side fitting part 7 rests and is clamped by one of two groove-like structures of the slat-side fitting part 6. It is clear that two projection-like structures of one fitting part are clamped by two groove-like structures of the other fitting part, and that both the two groove-like structures and the two projection-like structures of each fitting part each have a lateral flank in common with which they rest on the other fitting part. This design makes it particularly easy to achieve an optimum combination of ease of manufacture, ease of assembly and good holding effect.

It is rare, but it does happen that there is not enough space to mount the threaded bolt 8 along the vertical channel 17 on the two fitting parts 6, 7 In these cases, the problem can be remedied by screwing screws horizontally through walls in both fitting parts 6, 7. The screws used for this purpose are preferably equipped with a self-drilling tip and self-tapping thread. If there is very little space next to the wooden profiles, a known angle extension can be used for the screwing tool, i.e. an angle gear which is arranged between the screwing device and the screw and deflects the plane of the rotational movement required for screwing in the screw by 90°.

Claims (8)

External wall (1) of a building with a facade arranged in front of it, the facade having vertically running wooden profiles (2), which are each connected at several anchoring points that are vertically spaced from each other, in a weight-bearing manner to a substructure that is connected to the external wall (1), each anchoring point having a connecting fitting (3) which has a first fitting part (6) and a second fitting part (7), the first fitting part (6) being rigidly anchored to the substructure and the second fitting part (7) being rigidly anchored to the lateral surface side of the wooden profile (2) facing the substructure, the two fitting parts (6, 7) being able to be brought into a hooked state by a vertical relative movement to each other, in which relative movement of the fitting parts (6, 7) to each other in horizontal directions is limited by a positive fit,
characterized in that
the two fitting parts (6, 7) touch each other on vertically aligned surfaces, wherein both fitting parts (6, 7) jointly delimit a channel (17) running in the vertical direction, wherein a part of the outer surface of the channel (17) is formed by the first fitting part (6) and a further part by the second fitting part (7) and wherein a threaded bolt (8) is screwed into the channel (17) in its longitudinal direction and is in threaded engagement with both fitting parts (6, 7). External wall (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the fitting parts (6, 7) touch each other exclusively on vertically aligned surfaces. External wall (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the fitting parts (6, 7) consist of aluminum and at least one of the two fitting parts is a section of an extruded profile. External wall according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the two fitting parts (6, 7) are identical to one another. External wall according to claim 4, characterized in that each of the two fitting parts (6, 7) has both a profile groove (13, 14) and a profile projection (11, 12) which is dimensioned such that it can be inserted into the profile groove (13, 14) of the other fitting part (7, 6). External wall according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fitting parts (6, 7) have a plurality of profile grooves on the side with which they directly rest against a part of the substructure or on the wooden profile (2), so that the fitting parts (6, 7) rest against the part of the substructure or on the wooden profile (2) only with the free end faces of the walls laterally delimiting these profile grooves. External wall according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the two fitting parts (6, 7) can be hooked together by a horizontally aligned relative movement towards each other in the manner of a snap connection. External wall according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that two projection-like structures of one fitting part (6, 7) are each encircled by two groove-like structures of the other fitting part (7, 6), and that both the two groove-like structures and the two projection-like structures which belong to the same fitting part belong, each have a lateral flank in common with which they rest against the other fitting part.

Images