EP4355969A1

EP4355969A1 - Glazing comprising a functional coating and an absorbing element

Info

Publication number: EP4355969A1
Application number: EP22740943.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Xavier CAILLET; Elsa Marie PERRIN; Estelle Martin; Maxence WILMET
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date: 2021-06-18
Filing date: 2022-06-17
Publication date: 2024-04-24
Also published as: FR3124180B1; US20240270634A1; FR3124180A1; CO2023017210A2; ZA202311211B; MX2023015337A; BR112023024994A2; WO2022263784A1; CA3220766A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a material comprising one or more transparent substrates and having a functional coating or functional layer able to act on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation. The material according to the invention comprises an absorbent element in the form of a layer, which in particular absorbs the solar radiation in the visible part of the spectrum and does so in a specific manner. In particular, the material according to the invention has an absorption profile with at least a spike centred between 480 and 549 nm, and a second spike centred between 630 nm and 779 nm. The inventors have discovered that the addition of a layer-form absorbent element exhibiting these two absorption spikes allows an improvement in thermal performance, particularly the selectivity, without having a great impact on the aesthetics of the glazing, so that in particular the transmission remains neutral. The absorbent element may be incorporated into a layer applied to one of the faces of the glazing; or may be incorporated into the matrix of one of the substrates or advantageously incorporated into the matrix of at least one laminating interlayer.

Description

TITLE: GLAZING COMPRISING A FUNCTIONAL COATING AND A

ABSORBENT ELEMENT

The invention relates to a material comprising a transparent substrate comprising a functional coating or a functional layer capable of acting on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation. The invention also relates to glazing comprising these materials as well as the use of such materials for manufacturing thermal insulation and/or solar protection glazing.

In the remainder of the description, the terms "functional coating or functional layer" means "capable of acting on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation", that is to say providing the material with an antisolar and/or low-emissive property. . This property can be provided by a coating consisting of a stack of layers, typically an alternation of n metallic functional layer(s) and n+1 dielectric coatings. This property can also be provided by a lamination layer, typically based on PVB comprising an absorber in the infrared range. This property can also be provided by one of the transparent substrates made of glass or other material.

These glazings can be intended for both buildings and vehicles, in particular with a view to reducing the air conditioning effort and/or preventing excessive overheating, so-called “solar control” glazings.

Depending on the climates of the countries where these glazings are installed, in particular, depending on the levels of sunshine, the performance in terms of light transmission and solar factor sought may vary. Therefore, different ranges of glazing characterized by their level of light transmission are developed.

For example, in countries with high levels of sunshine, there is a strong demand for glazing with a light transmission of around 40% and sufficiently low solar factor values. In countries with lower levels of sunshine, higher light transmission is desired.

Selectivity “S” is used to assess the performance of these glazings. It corresponds to the ratio of the light transmission TL _V is in the visible light of the glazing to the solar factor FS of the glazing (S = TL _V is / FS). The solar factor “FS or g” corresponds to the ratio in % between the total energy entering the room through the glazing and the incident solar energy.

Obtaining a high selectivity must not be done to the detriment of the aesthetic aspect and in particular of the color. In general, we seek to obtain an aesthetic that is as neutral as possible in terms of transmission and external reflection, or even also in interior reflection, as well as a stability of the color in angles that is to say when the observation is not normal to the glazing.

The traditional approach to achieving both high selectivity and excellent color neutrality is to develop increasingly sophisticated functional coatings.

Known selective glazing comprises transparent substrates coated with a functional coating comprising a stack of several metallic functional layers, each placed between two dielectric coatings. Such glazing improves solar protection while maintaining high light transmission. These functional coatings are generally obtained by a succession of deposits made by cathode sputtering possibly assisted by a magnetic field.

Conventionally, the faces of a glazing are designated starting from the outside of the building and by numbering the faces of the substrates from the outside towards the inside of the passenger compartment or the room it equips. This means that the incident sunlight passes through the faces in increasing order of their number.

Known selective glazing is generally double glazing comprising the functional coating located on face 2, that is to say on the outermost substrate of the building, on its face facing the spacer gas layer.

The invention specifically relates to highly selective glazing, for example comprising complex functional coatings based on metallic functional layers, generally silver-based or transparent conductive oxide-based.

Silver-based functional coatings are generally more efficient in terms of selectivity compared to other known infrared-reflecting functional coatings such as coatings comprising layers based on conductive oxide or based on other metallic layers or layers. absorbing in the IR.

These silver-based functional coatings are qualified as complex by the number of layers constituting them, by the nature of the materials constituting these layers and by the adjustment of the thickness of these layers. The complexity of functional coatings makes it difficult to obtain both good thermal performance and a particular aesthetic aspect, for example excellent color neutrality and good color stability at angles.

The more the number of silver-based functional layers increases, the more it is possible to increase the selectivity. There are in particular functional coatings comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 silver-based layers. The selectivities achieved in double glazing thanks to these coatings are respectively 1.2, 1.8, 2.2 and 2.25. Tri-layer stacks of silver are for example described in WO2019/015917. One way to further improve selectivity could therefore be to increase the number of reflective layers in the IR. However, the multiplication of the layers of silver affects the transmission spectrum of the glazings. These glazings take on an increasingly green or yellow tint in transmission.

Document WO 2006/043026 describes solar control glazing with very low light transmission, in particular laminated comprising a solar control coating (“low E”) on one face and an absorbing layer which absorbs radiation of higher wavelength at 400 nm, on another side. The absorbent layers described are based on Ti or NiCrN and TiN. It is specified that the absorption in the visible and the IR is substantially constant over the entire spectrum from 400 nm to 100 pm. The light transmissions obtained are 14 and 15%, which limits the applications of these glazings to privacy glazing. Thermal performance is not optimal.

Document WO 2019/097192 describes a coated material incorporated in so-called “solar control” and/or so-called “low emissivity” glazing. The coating comprises an absorbent layer based on NiCr or TiN. The glazing obtained has a selectivity of the order of 1.5, in double glazing configuration, which is less than the objective of the present invention.

Document WO 2018/178547 describes glazing whose color is modified by the use of a colored lamination insert. These glazings also have too low a selectivity compared to the most efficient products.

Document US 5,792,559 also describes glazing whose color is modified by the use of a colored lamination insert. It is known from this document that it is possible to incorporate in the PVB interlayer, selective dyes, absorbing in a single specific wavelength to provide a desired color.

Document WO 2020/079375 describes a material comprising a functional coating on one side and an absorbent colorimetric adjustment coating on another side. This absorbent coating has a relatively constant absorption spectrum in the visible, i.e. flat or not pitted. “Combined” glazing has good aesthetics but reduced selectivity compared to glazing with the functional coating alone.

Document WO2019/049884 describes optical filters which block near IR and maintain good transmission in the visible. The field of application (imaging device such as digital still cameras: “imaging device such as digital still cameras”) is very different from solar control glazing.

Document WO 2018/197821 discloses colored glazing composed of a clear glass substrate on which is deposited a colored coating, the colorimetric characteristics of which are easily adjustable and modifiable. the coating comprises metallic nanoparticles in an inorganic matrix of an oxide, for example TiOx:Ag. In the various examples described, the colored coatings respectively exhibit a plasmon absorption peak at 550 nm, 480 nm, 520 nm and 610 nm (Examples A to D) and 490, 440 and 420 nm (Examples E to G). By plasmonic, is meant absorption linked to plasmonic resonance effects of silver nanoparticles in a dielectric matrix.

The object of the invention is to develop a sunscreen glazing, whose transmission is between 30 and 70%, having both improved thermal performance, in particular very high selectivity, while guaranteeing the desired aesthetic appearance, that is to say the most neutral appearance possible, in particular not green or yellow in transmission.

The aim of the invention is therefore to obtain a range of glazing with very high selectivity while retaining the aesthetic appearance of the glazing, in particular its light transmission must be as neutral as possible.

The applicant has developed a new solution making it possible to achieve these objectives without interfering with the complexity of current functional coatings.

The solution proposed consists in adding, to a layer or to one of the elements of the glazing (substrate or interlayer of lamination), a particular absorbing element which absorbs solar radiation in the visible part of the spectrum in a specific way and which makes it possible to improve the thermal performance while not negatively impacting aesthetic requirements.

In particular, the absorbent element is such that the glazing comprising the material according to the invention has an absorption profile with at least two absorption zones in the visible, one between 630 and 780 nm and the other between 480 and 550 nm.

The inventors have discovered that the addition of such an absorbent element makes it possible to significantly improve the thermal performance, in particular the selectivity without having a strong impact on the aesthetics of the glazing, in particular the transmission remains neutral.

The choice of these two absorption zones is absolutely not the result of an arbitrary selection. The applicant has discovered that absorbing between 630 and 780 nm makes it possible to very significantly increase the selectivity. However, absorbing in this zone has a very negative impact on the colors in transmission, which become greener.

In fact, absorbing in this visible zone makes it possible to significantly reduce the total energy entering the room or the vehicle and therefore to lower the solar factor without significantly reducing light transmission. This phenomenon is explained because the determination of the light transmission takes into account the sensitivity of the human eye or visual acuity. The sensitivity of the eye according to the wavelength gradually decreases on either side of a maximum between 495 and 555 nanometers (nm). The human eye is therefore less sensitive to the extreme wavelengths of the visible range, in particular to wavelengths in the range of 630 to 780 nm. The light transmission is slightly impacted by an absorption between 630 and 780 nm because we absorb in an area where the human eye is less sensitive. Ultimately, the slight decrease in light transmission coupled with the strong reduction in energy transmission lead to a marked improvement in selectivity.

On the other hand, absorbing in the range between 630 and 780 nm has a strong impact from a color point of view. When light rays reach the eyes, they are picked up by photoreceptors in the retina. There are three types of photoreceptors, each of which exhibits spectral sensitivity to a region of the color spectrum: cones more sensitive to blue light (peak centered at around 420 nm), others to green light (peak centered at 530 nm ) and the third type of cones in red light (peak centered at 565 nm). Absorbing light between 630 and 780 nm, i.e. in the zone corresponding to the predominant region of absorption of red light, has the effect of perceiving complementary colors and in particular green.

Therefore, the applicant wondered how to neutralize this green color. The applicant has discovered that by adding an absorber having an absorption zone between 480 and 550 nm, that is to say in the zone corresponding to the predominant region of absorption of green light, he obtains in transmission a neutralization of the green color resulting from absorption between 630 and 780 nm. Adding absorption in this region between 480 and 550 nm is detrimental to TL light transmission and selectivity. However, the applicant has discovered that using these two combined absorption zones makes it possible to obtain better selectivity with the only disadvantage of a slight reduction in light transmission.

The solution of the invention having these two preferred absorption zones therefore corresponds to the best compromise leading to an increase in selectivity and color neutrality in transmission. Finally, this solution based on the use of one or more absorbing elements makes it possible to obtain good stability of the colors in transmission angle.

The absorbent element can be incorporated into a layer deposited on one of the faces of the glazing; or can be incorporated into the matrix of one of the substrates or advantageously incorporated into the matrix of at least one interlayer lamination sheet. The absorbent element may comprise several colorants incorporated at different locations of the glazing, for example a mixture of colorants incorporated in the host matrix and a mixture of colorants incorporated in the lamination insert.

To characterize the absorption profile of the material according to the invention, the solar spectrum has been divided into 5 adjacent zones which cover the UV and visible range between 300 and 780 nm: a (from 300 to 379 nm), A (from " 380 to 479 nm), B (from 480 to 549 nm), C (from 550 to 629 nm) and D (from 630 to 779 nm). The average absorptions on each of the 5 zones are called A _out (a), A _out (A), A _out (B), A _out (C) _, and A _out (D) and were compared. For a zone Z defined between two wavelengths l: Z = [À _minZ , À _maxZ ]:

The invention relates to a material suitable for equipping a building or passenger compartment by delimiting an exterior side and an interior side, comprising at least one transparent substrate, each substrate comprising two main faces, the material comprising a functional coating or functional layer which can act on the solar radiation and/or infrared radiation, characterized in that the material comprises at least one absorbing layer element such that the material has, in the range of the visible spectrum, measured on the outside, when the spectrum is divided into 4 zones adjacent: A (from 380 to 479 nm), B (from 480 to 549 nm), C (from 550 to 629 nm) and D (from 630 to 779 nm):

- at least a first absorption range in zone D, and a second absorption range in zone B;

- the ratio of the average absorption A _ext (B) integrated over the range (B) to the average absorption A _ext (C) integrated over the range (C) is greater than 0.9 and preferably greater than 1, 0; and even more preferably greater than 1.2;

- the ratio of the average absorption A _ext (D) integrated over the range (D) to the average absorption A _ext (C) is greater than 1.5, and preferably greater than 1.8.

The functional coating is preferably a stack of layers comprising one or more metallic functional layers based on silver, each placed between two dielectric coatings. This type of coating has a more or less sharp transmission profile over the visible range.

The more the number of silver layers increases, the sharper the profile and the narrower the base of the absorption peak. This is reflected by an absorption which becomes non-negligible at the extreme values of the visible spectrum and in particular by an absorption of red around 700 nm. The choice of an absorbent element having an absorption profile with at least two absorption zones in the visible, one between 630 and 780 nm and the other between 480 and 550 nm is likely to give the glazing the incorporating the same profile. This type of absorbing element makes it possible to maintain a light transmission in the relatively high visible range and to selectively modify the absorption profile.

The solution of the invention remains advantageous regardless of the nature of the functional coating. The functional coating may be a coating based on transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The inventors have discovered that to obtain the desired glazing, the material comprising the absorbent element must preferably have an absorption profile with:

- the ratio A _ext (D) / A _ext (B) greater than 1.2, preferably greater than 1.5, more preferably between 1.5 and 3.0;

- the ratio A _ext (B)/A _ext (A) greater than 1.0, preferably greater than 1.2;

- the ratio A _ext (D) ₎ /A _ext (A) greater than 1, preferably greater than 1.3, more preferably greater than 1.8;

- the ratio A _ext (a)/A _ext (A) greater than 1.0, preferably greater than 1.2, more preferably greater than 1.4;

- the ratio A _ext (a)/A _ext (C) greater than 1.5, preferably greater than 2.0.

The ratio of the average absorption A _ext (A) ₎ integrated over the range (A) to the average absorption A _ext (C) integrated over the range (C) may be greater than 1.2, preferably greater than 1 ,4.

By element in absorbent layer, we mean both thin layers deposited for example by magnetron "sputtering" or wet process, as well as elements such as an absorbent substrate or an absorbent lamination interlayer.

In particular, the element in absorbent layer comprises at least two substances absorbing in the visible, dispersed or dissolved in a matrix which can be of organic, inorganic or hybrid nature. In particular, the absorbent substances in the visible can be soluble dyes or (insoluble) pigments.

When the material according to the invention comprises at least two transparent substrates, the functional coating is preferably placed on the inside face of the outermost substrate (face 2).

When the material according to the invention comprises at least two transparent substrates and a lamination insert, the element in absorbent layer can be the lamination insert comprising at least one substance absorbing in the visible.

Advantageously, the material according to the invention comprises at least one absorbent substance incorporated in a layer deposited on one of the faces of the at least one substrate.

The layer can in particular be deposited by a liquid route.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the functional coating or functional layer is a tinted lamination interlayer.

According to another embodiment, the functional coating or functional layer is a stack of thin layers deposited by magnetron. In this case, the stack generally comprises one or more metallic functional layers, in particular based on Ag, each placed between two dielectric coatings.

However, the functional coating can be replaced by another element of the glazing providing the solar protection and/or low-emission function. For example, this function can be provided by interlayers of foliage, layers deposited by chemical vapor phase (“CVD”), resins, or by the substrate: tinted glass or glass made of polymeric organic material.

Generally, the substrate is made of glass, in particular silico-soda-lime or polymeric organic material.

The material according to the invention may have a light transmission of between 30 and 80%, in particular between 45 and 75%.

Advantageously, the material has a colorimetric index a ^* T of between -6 and 1, preferably between -4 and 0 and a colorimetric index b ^* T of between -5 and 5 and preferably between -3 and 3.

In particular, the material has a colorimetric index a ^* Rext of between -6 and 1, preferably between -4 and 0 and a colorimetric index b ^* Rext of between -6 and 1 and preferably between -5 and 0.

All the luminous characteristics described are obtained according to the principles and methods of the European standard EN 410 relating to the determination of the luminous and solar characteristics of the glazing used in glass for construction.

The luminous characteristics are measured according to the D65 illuminant at 2° perpendicular to the material mounted in a double glazing (unless otherwise indicated):

- TL corresponds to the light transmission in the visible in %,

- R _ext corresponds to the external light reflection in the visible in %, observer outside space side,

- absorption is measured on the exterior side and corresponds to the formula: A _ext =1-TL-R _ext ,

- a ^* T and b ^* T correspond to the colors in transmission a ^* and b ^* in the L ^* a ^* b ^* system,

- a ^* R _ext and b ^* R _ext correspond to the colors in reflection a ^* and b ^* in the L ^* a ^* b ^* system, observer on the outer space side.

The glazings according to the invention are mounted on a building or a vehicle. The invention therefore also relates to glazing mounted on a vehicle or on a building. A glazing for the building generally delimits two spaces, a space qualified as “exterior” and a space qualified as “internal”. Sunlight entering a building is considered to flow from the exterior to the interior.

In a double glazing configuration, the present invention makes it possible to obtain a very high selectivity S (in DGU) in particular greater than 2.0 or even greater than 2.2, a solar factor (FS), less than 30%, or even less at 28%, neutral colors in transmission and in external reflection.

In the absence of specific stipulation, the expressions “above” and “below” do not necessarily mean that two layers and/or coatings are placed in contact with one another. When it is specified that a layer is deposited "in contact" with another layer or a coating, this means that there cannot be one (or more) interposed layer(s) between these two layers (or layer and coating).

In the present description, unless otherwise indicated, the expression "based on", used to qualify a material or a layer as to what it or it contains, means that the mass fraction of the constituent which it or it comprises is at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%.

The functional coating may comprise one or more metallic functional layers, preferably silver-based, each disposed between two dielectric coatings. The functional coating may in particular comprise one, two, three or four metallic functional layers. According to these embodiments:

- the functional coating comprises at least one functional metal layer based on silver, or

- the functional coating comprises at least two functional metal layers based on silver, or

- the functional coating comprises at least three functional metal layers based on silver.

The silver-based metallic functional layers comprise at least 95.0%, preferably at least 96.5% and better still at least 98.0% by weight of silver relative to the weight of the functional layer. Preferably, a silver-based functional metallic layer comprises less than 1.0% by mass of metals other than silver relative to the mass of the silver-based functional metallic layer.

The functional coating can be replaced by a functional layer which can act on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation. By functional layer, it can be a PVB-type lamination interlayer comprising an absorber in the infrared range, such as an organic pigment or absorbent particles (ITO nanoparticle, 3M™ Prestige sun protection film) The transparent substrates according to the invention are preferably made of a rigid mineral material, such as glass, or organic based on polymers (or polymer).

The substrate is preferably a sheet of glass.

The substrate is preferably transparent, colorless (it is then a clear or extra-clear glass) or colored, for example blue, gray or bronze. The glass is preferably of the silico-sodo-lime type, but it can also be of borosilicate or alumino-borosilicate type glass and can also be an organic glass.

The substrate advantageously has at least one dimension greater than or equal to 1 m, or even 2 m and even 3 m. The thickness of the substrate generally varies between 0.5 mm and 19 mm, preferably between 0.7 and 9 mm, in particular between 2 and 8 mm, or even between 4 and 6 mm. The substrate can be flat or curved, even flexible.

The invention relates to a glazing comprising a material according to the invention. The glazing is preferably in the form of monolithic, double, laminated and/or multiple glazing.

The advantageous details and characteristics of the invention emerge from the following non-limiting examples with reference to the figures, in which:

The [Figs. 1] to [Fig. 9] represent the different configurations according to the invention.

The [Figs. 10] to [Fig.13] represent the transmission and absorption profiles of the materials according to the embodiment examples.

The [Fig.14] to [Fig. 17] represent the transmission and absorption profiles of the materials according to the comparative examples.

Examples

Referring to Figs. 1 to 9, one can visualize various possible configurations.

Fig 1 represents a single glazing coated with a layer. The absorbent element can be constituted by the substrate or by the layer. This embodiment is particularly suitable for the case of flexible substrates.

The embodiments according to Figs 2 to 5 comprise two substrates assembled using a lamination insert. These are laminated glazing. The absorbent element can either consist of one of the substrates (preferably the outer substrate) (fig 2), or of a layer deposited on the glass or on the lamination insert.

FIG. 3 represents the configuration: glass/interlayer/functional layer/glass.

FIG. 4 represents the configuration: glass/absorbent layer/interlayer/functional layer/glass.

Fig 5 represents the configuration glass / absorbent layer / interlayer / functional layer / glass / low emissive layer Figs. 6 and 7 represent double glazing. In FIG. 6, a functional coating is deposited on face 2, on the glass substrate. In FIG. 7, a functional coating is deposited on an absorbent layer itself previously deposited on the outer substrate (face 2).

Figs. 8 and 9 represent laminated double glazing. fig. 8 represents the configuration: glass/spacer/glass/functional layer/cavity/glass. fig. 9 represents the configuration: glass/absorbent layer/interlayer/glass/functional layer/cavity/glass.

Examples

Example 1

I. Functional Coating (RF1)

A two-layer functional coating of Ag was deposited using a magnetic field assisted cathode sputtering device (magnetron), on a 4 mm thick clear soda-lime glass substrate. It presents a stack:

Glass / DU / CF1 / B1 / Di2 / CF2 / B2 / Di3, where:

- the functional metallic layers (CF) are layers of silver (Ag);

- the blocking layers (B) are metal layers of NiCr;

- dielectric coatings (Di) include layers based on mixed oxide of zinc and tin (SnZnOx), layers of silicon nitride (Si3N4), and layers of zinc oxide (ZnO).

II. Absorbent layer (A1)

An absorbent layer is deposited by liquid process on a second substrate in clear soda-lime glass with a thickness of 4 mm in the following way:

A liquid composition is prepared by mixing the following elements (dyes and matrix) in the following quantities: The composition is applied at ambient temperature to the glass substrate using an adjustable Baker film applicator (or bar coater) type device of the Elcometer brand. The bar height is adjusted to achieve a dry thickness of 50 µm. The layer is dried at room temperature overnight.

III. Glazing configuration.

A multiple laminated glazing was assembled in the traditional way, using an Eastman film, Saflex RB41 (non-tinted PVB) 0.76 mm thick so as to obtain the assembly as shown in fig 9.

It presents, from the outside in:

Substrate 1 / absorber layer / lamination spacer / substrate 2 / RF / / cavity / substrate 3 in which the interlayer space is 16 mm and is filled with 90% argon.

Example 2

I. Functional Coating (RF2)

A three-layer functional coating of Ag was deposited using a magnetic field assisted cathode sputtering device (magnetron), on a 4 mm thick clear soda-lime glass substrate. It presents a stack:

Glass / Di1 / CF1 / B1 / Di2 / CF2 / B2 / Di3 / CF3 / B3 / Di4 in which the functional metal layers (CF) are layers of silver (Ag); The blocking layers (B) are metal layers made of NiCr; dielectric coatings (Di) include layers based on mixed oxide of zinc and tin (SnZnOx), layers of silicon nitride (Si3N4), and layers of zinc oxide (ZnO).

A specific example of such a stack is described in example 7 of application W02019/015917.

II. Absorbent element (A2)

The absorbent element consists of a lamination insert tinted using dyes so that it has, when it is laminated between two clear glass substrates, an absorption (A _ext ) distributed between the zones: alpha: 75A: 31

B: 39

C: 27

D: 67 III. Glazing configuration.

Multiple laminated glazing was assembled in the traditional way so as to obtain the assembly as shown in fig 8.

It presents, from the outside in:

Substrate 1 / absorbent lamination spacer / substrate 2 / RF / / cavity / substrate 3 in which the interspace is 16 mm and is filled with 90% argon.

Example 3

I. functional layer (RF3)

A functional coating with one layer of Ag was deposited using a magnetic field assisted sputtering device (magnetron), on a substrate of clear soda-lime glass with a thickness of 4 mm. It presents a stack:

Glass / DU / CF1 / B1 / Di2, where:

- the functional metallic layer (CF) is a layer of silver (Ag);

- the blocking layer (B) is a metal layer of NiCr;

II. Absorbent and functional element (A3)

A tinted PVB “saflex SG” lamination insert with a thickness of 0.38 mm is used.

This interlayer has both the properties of a functional coating because it absorbs in the IR spectrum and of an absorbent element because it is absorbent in the visible.

III. Additional absorbent element (A1)

An absorbent layer identical to that of Example 1 is deposited by liquid means on another substrate.

IV setup

A multiple laminated glazing was assembled in the traditional way so as to obtain the assembly as shown in fig 9. It has the following configuration: Glass / CA(A1) / PVB (A3) / glass / RF3 / cavity / glass Example 4

I. Functional Coating (RF1)

Glass / DU / CF1 / B1 / Di2 / CF2 / B2 / Di3, where:

- the functional metallic layers (CF) are layers of silver (Ag);

- the blocking layers (B) are metal layers of NiCr;

II. Absorbent elements

Two elements provide absorption:

1. An absorbent layer is made as follows (A4): a liquid composition is prepared by mixing the following elements in the following quantities:

The composition is applied at room temperature to the glass substrate using an elcometer brand film-pulling device. The bar height is adjusted to achieve a dry thickness of 50 µm. The layer is dried at room temperature overnight.

2. A tinted PVB interlayer, of the “Vanceva Coral Rose (RB17 8078) type is used (A5) of 0.38 mm.

III. Glazing configuration

A multiple glazing is made, as shown in fig 9.

The substrate bearing the absorbent layer (A5) is laminated with the tinted lamination insert (A5) with the substrate bearing the functional layer (RF1), the absorbent layer placed on face 2 and the functional layer placed on face 4.

Double glazing is made with a third glass substrate, leaving a 16mm cavity filled with 90% argon, so as to form the structure: Glass / absorbent layer (A5) / absorbent PVB (A6) / glass / RF1 / cavity / glass

Example 5

I. Functional Coating (RF4)

A functional coating based on conductive oxide was deposited thanks to a cathode sputtering device assisted by magnetic field (magnetron), on a substrate in clear soda-lime glass with a thickness of 4 mm. It presents a stack: Glass/Si3N4 30 nm/ Si02 17 nm/ ITO 72 nm/ Si3N4 9 nm/Si02 50 nm.

II. Absorbent elements (A3)

III. Additional absorbent element (A1)

III. Glazing configuration

Laminated glazing was assembled in the traditional way. It has the following configuration: Glass / CA(A1) / PVB (A3) / Glass / RF TCO.

The substrate bearing the absorbent layer (A1) is laminated with the tinted lamination insert (A3) with the substrate bearing the functional layer (RF4), the absorbent layer placed on face 2 and the functional layer placed on face 4.

Results :

The average absorption (A _ext ) between two wavelengths l, of the different configurations was calculated for each zone according to the formula:

For each zone Z defined between Z = [Z _minz ,À _maxZ ] and listed in the table below. [Table 11

Counterexamples:

Counterexamples 1 and 2 include a functional coating but no absorbent layer.

Counterexample C1

A multiple laminated glazing similar to example 1 but without the absorbent layer was made as shown in fig 8.

It presents, from the outside in:

Substrate 1 / clear lamination spacer / substrate 2 / RF1/ / cavity / substrate 3 in which the interspace is 16 mm and is filled with 90% argon.

Counterexample C2

A multiple laminated glazing similar to example 2 was made, but replacing the absorbent PVB with a clear PVB. It presents, from outside to inside (fig. 8): Substrate 1 / clear lamination interlayer / substrate 2 / RF2 / / cavity / substrate 3 in which the interlayer space is 16 mm and is filled with 90 % argon.

Counterexample C3

A double-glazed structure according to the example Inv. 2 of document WO 2020/079375 has been carried out. It comprises a colorimetric adjustment absorbent layer (CN2) on face 1, a two-layer Ag functional coating on face 2. The absorbent layer CN2 is a glass/Si ₃ N ₄ /Si0 ₂ /SN 2 SnZnN/S13N4 stack.

The structure presents the configuration: Absorbing layer/Glass/RF/cavity/glass.

Counterexample C4

A laminated structure according to document WO 2018/178547 was produced. A two-layer Ag functional coating is deposited on one side of a glass substrate. A polymeric layer comprising an anthraquinone-type dye is deposited on one side of a second glass substrate. The following laminated structure is made with an uncoloured PVB interlayer (fig .4):

Substrate 1 / polymer layer / clear PVB / RF 8 / substrate 2.

The average absorption was calculated for each zone and listed in Table 2 below.

[Table 21

The ratios of the different areas of the spectrum were calculated for the examples according to the invention and for the comparative examples in Table 3:

[Table 31 IV. “Solar control” performance and colorimetry

Table 4 below lists the main optical characteristics obtained: [Table 4]

Other configurations (double, triple, laminated, etc.) can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. In the case of a double configuration, any configuration may be appropriate, such as for example 4/16/4, 6/16/4. The thickness of the cavity can vary as well as its composition which can also be 100% air.

In the case of double glazing (DGU), the absorbent element can be arranged on face 1 or face 2 and the functional coating preferably on face 2.

In the case of a laminate where the absorbent element is incorporated in the lamination interlayer, the functional coating can be deposited either on face 2 of the first substrate or deposited on the inner face of the lamination interlayer.

The absorbent element can be introduced in the form of soluble dye, pigment, metallic nanoparticles, semiconductive nanoparticles, etc. The absorbent element can be incorporated into a layer deposited by the liquid or dry route.

The absorbent element can be introduced into the glass matrix of one of the substrates, preferably substrate 1 facing outwards.

The absorbent element can comprise several dyes which can be introduced into different elements of the glazing such as for example a pigment in a layer and another pigment in a lamination insert.

The functional coating could be based on 1 or 2 layers of Ag. Barrier layers can be NiCr instead of Ti.

Claims

1. Material suitable for equipping a building or passenger compartment by delimiting an exterior side and an interior side, comprising at least one transparent substrate, each substrate comprising two main faces, the material comprising a functional coating or a functional layer capable of acting on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation, characterized in that the material comprises at least one absorbent layer element such that the material has, in the range of the visible spectrum, measured on the outside, when the spectrum is divided into 4 adjacent zones: A (from 380 to 479 nm), B (from 480 to 549 nm), C (from 550 to 629 nm) and D (from 630 to 779 nm):

- the ratio of the average absorption A _ext (B) integrated over the range (B) to the average absorption A _ext (C) integrated over the range (C) is greater than 0.9 and preferably greater than 1, 0;

- the ratio of the average absorption A _ext (D) ₎ integrated over the range (D) to the average absorption A _ext (C) is greater than 1.5, and preferably greater than 1.8.

2. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio between the average absorption A _ext (D) ₎ integrated over the range (D) and the average absorption A _ext (B) integrated over the range (B) is greater than 1.2, preferably greater than 1.5.

3. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the average absorption A _ext (A) ₎ integrated over the range (A) to the average absorption A _ext (C) integrated over the range (C) is greater than 1.2, preferably greater than 1.4.

4. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material also has an absorption range in the wavelengths between 300 and 379 nm (zone a), such that the ratio of the average absorption A _ext (a) integrated over the range (a) to the average absorption A _ext (C) integrated over the range (C) is greater than 1.5, and preferably 2.0.

5. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layered absorbent element comprises at least two substances absorbing in the visible dispersed or dissolved in a matrix,

6. Material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising at least two transparent substrates and a lamination insert, characterized in that the element in absorbent layer is a lamination insert comprising at least one substance absorbing in the visible .

7. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one absorbent substance is incorporated in a layer deposited on one of the faces of the at least one substrate.

8. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the functional coating or functional layer is a tinted lamination interlayer.

9. Material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the functional coating or functional layer is a stack of thin layers deposited by magnetron.

10. Material according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the stack of thin layers comprises one or more metallic functional layers, each disposed between two dielectric coatings.

11. Material according to the preceding claim, comprising at least two transparent substrates, characterized in that the stack of thin layers is arranged on the inner face of the outermost substrate (face 2) when the faces are numbered from the outside towards the inside.

12. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the substrate is glass, in particular silico-soda-lime or polymeric organic material.

13. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a colorimetric index a ^* T of between -6 and 1, preferably between -4 and 0 and a colorimetric index b ^* T of between -5 and 5 and preferably between -3 and 3.

14. Material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a colorimetric index a ^* Rext of between -6 and 1, preferably between -4 and 0 and a colorimetric index b ^* Rext of between -6 and 1 and preferably between -5 and 0.

15. Glazing comprising a material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is in the form of monolithic, double, laminated and/or multiple glazing.