EP4093819A1 - Compositions and methods for increased wet and dry strength - Google Patents
Compositions and methods for increased wet and dry strengthInfo
- Publication number
- EP4093819A1 EP4093819A1 EP21770758.7A EP21770758A EP4093819A1 EP 4093819 A1 EP4093819 A1 EP 4093819A1 EP 21770758 A EP21770758 A EP 21770758A EP 4093819 A1 EP4093819 A1 EP 4093819A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cationic
- gpam
- kda
- optionally
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
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- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 280
- 102100024008 Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 101000904268 Homo sapiens Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1, mitochondrial Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000008365 aqueous carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 124
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 120
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 82
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 67
- NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N [(1r,2s,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O2 NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- FZGFBJMPSHGTRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)C=C FZGFBJMPSHGTRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)C UZNHKBFIBYXPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 dialkylaminoalkyl acrylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- RRHXZLALVWBDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(=C)C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C RRHXZLALVWBDKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- QHVBLSNVXDSMEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C=C QHVBLSNVXDSMEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SPPGBVHTKYQNLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SPPGBVHTKYQNLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C DPBJAVGHACCNRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-(prop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C OEIXGLMQZVLOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FLCAEMBIQVZWIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(dimethylamino)-2-methylhex-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCC=C(C)C(N)=O FLCAEMBIQVZWIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010021639 Incontinence Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BHDFTVNXJDZMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane;2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical group ClC.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C BHDFTVNXJDZMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical group CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SJIXRGNQPBQWMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FDRMJKDXTZDBHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;methyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical group COS([O-])(=O)=O.C[NH+](C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C FDRMJKDXTZDBHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SSZXAJUPVKMUJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C SSZXAJUPVKMUJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RFPLNIBCLGFBKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate;methyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.C[NH+](C)CCOC(=O)C=C RFPLNIBCLGFBKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YGHMHBJQRYMXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C YGHMHBJQRYMXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LPNSCOVIJFIXTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenebutanamide Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(N)=O LPNSCOVIJFIXTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZWAPMFBHEQZLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methylidenepentanamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCC(=C)C(N)=O ZWAPMFBHEQZLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UXGHUXRDOMVMCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpent-2-enoyl chloride Chemical group CN(C)CCC=C(C(=O)Cl)C UXGHUXRDOMVMCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQHCGPGATAYRLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane;2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound ClC.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C WQHCGPGATAYRLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZTUMLBMROBHIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethylbenzene;2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical group ClCC1=CC=CC=C1.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C ZTUMLBMROBHIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ADWWPMVBHMYTOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethylbenzene;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 ADWWPMVBHMYTOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IOMDIVZAGXCCAC-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC=C IOMDIVZAGXCCAC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- JCRDPEHHTDKTGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium;chloride Chemical group Cl.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JCRDPEHHTDKTGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XYTXSJNHYMUBFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium;sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C XYTXSJNHYMUBFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CTQCRZPAPNYGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical group Cl.CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C(C)=C CTQCRZPAPNYGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LZPKOWNQYHIGGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-[3-(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical group OS(O)(=O)=O.CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C(C)=C LZPKOWNQYHIGGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMYRMZSAJVTETR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-[3-(prop-2-enoylamino)propyl]azanium;chloride Chemical group Cl.CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C ZMYRMZSAJVTETR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- PHIAIMNBQOYUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-2-methylprop-2-enamide;methyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical group COS(O)(=O)=O.CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C(C)=C PHIAIMNBQOYUSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PMPYZXFIZYUAEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]prop-2-enamide;methyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound COS(O)(=O)=O.CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C PMPYZXFIZYUAEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AXINSVAJCOSLQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]prop-2-enamide;sulfuric acid Chemical group OS(O)(=O)=O.CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C=C AXINSVAJCOSLQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YRVUCYWJQFRCOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)C=C YRVUCYWJQFRCOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZIWDVJPPVMGJGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-2-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)C(C)=C ZIWDVJPPVMGJGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CNC(=O)C=C YPHQUSNPXDGUHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003140 primary amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005031 sulfite paper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NRWCNEBHECBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(propyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCC[N+](C)(C)C NRWCNEBHECBWRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 77
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920003118 cationic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NPPUWKCCXAPWKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M (4-ethenylphenyl)-trimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 NPPUWKCCXAPWKH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OHDSHGBRKMRPHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-ethenylphenyl)-n,n-dimethylethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 OHDSHGBRKMRPHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFHWCDCFJNJRQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-ethenyl-1-methylpyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1C=C GFHWCDCFJNJRQR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006105 Hofmann reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006683 Mannich reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical class CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006322 acrylamide copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IHBKAGRPNRKYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate;trimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethyl]azanium Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.CC(=C)C(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C IHBKAGRPNRKYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920013730 reactive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GHVWODLSARFZKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[3-methyl-3-(prop-2-enoylamino)butyl]azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C GHVWODLSARFZKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F226/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen
- C08F226/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen by a single or double bond to nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/28—Condensation with aldehydes or ketones
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
- D21H17/375—Poly(meth)acrylamide
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
- D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
- D21H17/55—Polyamides; Polyaminoamides; Polyester-amides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
- D21H21/20—Wet strength agents
Definitions
- the present disclosure generally relates to glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM) products, compositions and articles comprising and methods of use thereof, particularly GPAM products that are useful in the paper industry, and more particularly cationic GPAM products and use thereof in papermaking applications and in products such as paper-based products.
- GPAM glyoxalated polyacrylamide
- Glyoxalated polyacrylamide (GPAM) products are widely used in the paper industry, often to increase paper wet and dry strength.
- glyoxalated polyacrylamide can increase the initial wet strength of many household tissues, a useful property as household tissues often come into contact with water during their use.
- Applying glyoxalated polyacrylamide to paper products can also increase the compression strength and the dimensional stability of many board-grade paper products.
- GPAM is typically prepared through a reaction between glyoxal and a polyacrylamide base polymer, such as a cationic polyacrylamide backbone.
- a polyacrylamide base polymer such as a cationic polyacrylamide backbone.
- the reaction between glyoxal and cationic polyacrylamide is carried out in slightly alkaline aqueous solution and stabilized under acidic conditions.
- the polyacrylamide component of the GPAM products often contains relatively low amounts of cationic monomer, typically below about 5 mole percent thereof, thereby limiting the cationic charge contribution to the GPAM product.
- GPAMs produced by conventional methods generally cannot be dried into a solid particulate form without inducing significant and rapid crosslinking of the GPAM, which limits the utility of the resulting GPAM product.
- GPAM is typically stored and transported in a bulk aqueous fluid carrier.
- the volumes of the GPAM product transported in this manner can be significant, which often requires large volume containers or tanker vessels for transport. Shipping such large volumes of product significantly increases costs for those transporting and using the GPAM products.
- the present disclosure generally relates to a cationic glyoxalated polyacrylamide (“GPAM”) suitable for use as a dry and/or wet strengthening agent, wherein said cationic GPAM comprises: a. a base polymer comprising at least 15% by weight of cationic monomer, optionally wherein the cationic monomer comprises DADMAC and/or acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (“Q9”); b. the base polymer comprises a weight average molecular weight of at least 25,000 Da, optionally at least 30,000 Da; c.
- GPAM cationic glyoxalated polyacrylamide
- the cationic GPAM comprises a glyoxahbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, optionally from about 20:80, further optionally from at least about 23:77, further optionally from at least about 25:75; and d.
- the GPAM optionally comprises a solids percentage of from about 2% to about 11%, optionally from greater than about 4% to about 11%, further optionally from about greater than 4% to about 8%, further optionally from about greater than 4% to about 7%; wherein optionally said cationic GPAM can be stored and transported without the addition of large volumes of aqueous carriers or using reduced volumes of aqueous carriers compared to conventional GPAMs used in papermaking.
- the present disclosure generally pertains to a cationic glyoxalated polyacrylamide (“GPAM”) suitable for use as a dry and/or wet strengthening agent, wherein said cationic GPAM comprises: a. a base polymer of at least 15% by weight of cationic monomer, optionally wherein the cationic monomer comprises DADMAC and/or acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (“Q9”); b. the base polymer comprises a weight average molecular weight of at least 25,000 Da, optionally at least 30,000 Da; c.
- GPAM cationic glyoxalated polyacrylamide
- the cationic GPAM comprises a glyoxahbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, optionally, from at least about 20:80, further optionally from at least about 23:77, further optionally, from at least about 25:75; and d.
- the GPAM optionally comprises a solids percentage of from about 2% to about 11%, optionally from greater than about 4% to about 11%, further optionally from about greater than 4% to about 8%, further optionally from about greater than 4% to about 7%; further optionally wherein the GPAM content of the cationic GPAM is from about 2% to about 11%, optionally from about 3% to about 10%, further optionally from about 4% to about 8%, further optionally from about 5% to about 7%; wherein optionally said cationic GPAM can be stored and transported without the addition of large volumes of aqueous carriers or using reduced volumes of aqueous carriers compared to conventional GPAMs used in papermaking.
- the GPAM content of the cationic GPAM may be from about 2% to about 11%, optionally from about 3% to about 10%, further optionally from about 4% to about 8%, further optionally from about 5% to about 7%.
- the base polymer may comprise a weight average molecular weight of about 25 kDa or more, 30 kDa or more, 40 kDa or more, 50 kDa or more, 75 kDa or more, 100 kDa or more, 125 kDa or more, 150 kDa or more, 175 kDa or more, 200 kDa or more, 225 kDa or more, 250 kDa or more, 275 kDa or more, 300 kDa or more, 325 kDa or more, 350 kDa or more, 375 kDa or more, 400 kDa or more, or 500 kDa or more.
- the base polymer may comprise a charge of at least 15% by weight, at least 20% by weight, at least 25% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 35% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 50% by weight, or at least 60% by weight.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a solids percentage of about 2% or more, 2.5% or more, 3.0% or more, 3.5% or more, 4.0% or more, 4.5% or more, 5.0% or more, 5.5% or more, 6.0% or more, 6.5% or more, 7.0% or more, 7.5% or more, 8.0% or more, 8.5% or more, 9.0% or more, 9.5% or more, 10.0% or more, 10.5% or more, 11.0% or more, or 11.5% or more.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a glyoxahbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, at least about 18:82, at least about 19:81, at least about 20:80, at least about 21:79, at least about 22:78, at least about 23:77, at least about 24:76, at least about 25:75, at least about 26:74, at least about 27:73, at least about 28:72, at least about 29:71, or at least about 30:70.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a base polymer comprising a cationic monomer: acrylamide weight ratio of from about 15:85 to about 60:40, optionally from about 20:80 to about 55:45, further optionally from about 25:75 to about 50:50.
- the back bone may comprise one or more cationic monomers.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a viscosity of about 30 cPs or more, about 31 cPs or more, about 32 cPs or more, about 33 cPs or more, about 34 cPs or more, or about 35 cPs or more, for example as measured by Brookfield viscometer.
- the backbone polymer may comprise a copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide and one or more cationic monomers.
- the back bone polymer may comprise an acrylamide-based polymer.
- the aqueous carrier may comprise water.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a solids percentage of from about greater than 4% to about 8%, optionally from about greater than about 4% to about 7%, further optionally from about 5% to about 7%, e.g., from about 5% to about 6%.
- said one or more cationic monomers may be selected from the group consisting of acryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (“AETAC”), methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (“MAPTAC”), acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacryloyloxyethyldimethylammonium sulfate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, Q6 (methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride), Q6o (dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate sulfate,, diallyldimethylammonium chloride (“DADMAC”); dialkylaminoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates and their quaternary or acid salts, including, but not limited to,
- said one or more cationic monomers may comprise DADMAC. In some embodiments, said one or more cationic monomers may comprise acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (“Q9”). In some embodiments, said one or more cationic monomers may comprise DADMAC and/or acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (“Q9”).
- said one or more cationic monomers may be selected from the group consisting of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (aka Q9), 3-(methacrylamido) propyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, 3- (acryloylamido) propyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC), dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide.
- DADMAC diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride
- the back bone polymer may comprise one or more primary amide-containing monomers.
- the back bone polymer may comprise one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide, ethylacrylamide, crotonamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N-butyl acrylamide, N-ethyl methacrylamide, and any combination thereof.
- the back bone polymer may comprise one or more acrylamide monomers.
- the present disclosure generally relates to a paper product comprising one or more cationic GPAMs as discussed herein.
- said paper product may comprise at least one paper layer or web containing the cationic GPAM.
- said paper product may comprise one or more of paper sheeting, paperboard, tissue paper, and wall board.
- said paper product may comprise one or more of Kraft paper, sulfite paper, semichemical paper, and the like, including paper produced using bleached pulp, unbleached pulp, or combinations thereof.
- said paper product may comprise a fiber-based product.
- said paper product may comprise one or more of handsheets, board-based products, beverage carriers, toweling, milk and juice cartons, food trays, paper bags, liner board for corrugated containers, packaging board grade, and tissue and towel grade, paper materials, paper towels, diapers, sanitary napkins, training pants, pantiliners, incontinence briefs, tampons, pee pads, litter box liners, coffee filters, air filters, dryer pads, floor cleaning pads, absorbent facial tissue, absorbent bathroom tissue, napkins, wrapping paper, and/or other paperboard products such as cartons and bag paper.
- said paper product may comprise cellulose paperboard webs which optionally comprise predominantly cellulose fibers.
- said paper product may comprise from about 0.02% to about 10% cationic GPAM by dry weight of cellulose fibers, optionally in the range of about 0.05 wt % to 5 wt % of the dry paper weight.
- said paper product may comprise an STFI value improvement of 6% or more, 7% or more, 8% or more, 9% or more, 10% or more, 12.5% or more, 15.0% or more, 17.5% or more, 20.0% or more, 22.5% or more, 25.0% or more at either 4.5 lbs/ton, 5.0 lbs/ton, 9.0 lbs/ton or 10 lbs/ton testing as compared to a blank sample used for the STFI test of the paper product.
- said paper product may comprise a burst strength value improvement of 6% or more, 7% or more, 8% or more, 9% or more, 10% or more, 12.5% or more, 15.0% or more, 17.5% or more, 20.0% or more, 22.5% or more, 25.0% or more, 27.5% or more, 30.0% or more, 32.5% or more, 35.0% or more, 37.5% or more, or 40% or more at either 4.5 lbs/ton, 5.0 lbs/ton, 9.0 lbs/ton or 10 lbs/ton testing as compared to a blank sample used for the burst strength test.
- the present disclosure generally relates to a method of papermaking, wherein said method comprises adding one or more cationic GPAMs as discussed herein during the papermaking method in an amount effective to increase the wet and/or dry strength of paper products produced by said method.
- the present disclosure generally relates to a method of making a handsheet, said method comprising: a. providing a pulp stock; b. diluting the pulp stock; c. adding one or more salts to a desired level of conductivity; d. adjusting the pH to a desired value; e. adding one or more cationic GPAMs as discussed herein; f. adding the treated pulp to a dynamic sheet former; g. pressing the sheets resulting from f.; h. drying the sheets; and i. conditioning the sheets.
- the present disclosure generally pertains to a method of manufacturing one or more paper products, wherein said method comprises: a. providing a composition comprising predominantly cellulose fibers; b. adding a predetermined quantity of one or more cationic GPAMs as discussed herein; and c. forming the desired paper product.
- the present disclosure generally relates to a method of manufacturing one or more paper products, optionally one or more adsorbent paper products, wherein said method comprises: a. providing a composition comprising any of softwood fiber, hardwood fiber, recycle fiber, refined fiber, or a mixture of any of the foregoing in an amount sufficient to form an overall furnish of from approximately 1 to 100% hardwood fiber, softwood fiber, recycle fiber, refined fiber or a mixture of any of the foregoing; (b) adding a predetermined quantity of one or more cationic GPAMs as discussed herein; and (c) forming a paper product by drying on one or more drying means to a desired moisture content level.
- the present disclosure generally relates to a method for strengthening paper, comprising contacting pulp fibers with a strengthening resin comprising at least cationic GPAM as discussed herein, and at least partially curing the cationic GPAM in the mixture of pulp fibers and cationic GPAM to produce a paper product of enhanced strength.
- the cationic GPAM may be added at the wet end of a paper making facility to the cellulose fiber suspensions. In some embodiments, the cationic GPAM may be added at from about 0.02% by dry weight to about 10% by dry weight of the cellulose fibers, optionally in the range of about 0.05 wt % to 5 wt % of the dry paper weight. In some embodiments, the cationic GPAM may be added before, during and/or after the paper is formed.
- the paper product may comprise an STFI value improvement of 6% or more, 7% or more, 8% or more, 9% or more, 10% or more, 12.5% or more, 15.0% or more, 17.5% or more, 20.0% or more, 22.5% or more, 25.0% or more at either 4.5 lbs/ton, 5.0 lbs/ton, 9.0 lbs/ton or 10 lbs/ton testing as compared to a blank sample used for the STFI test of the paper product.
- the paper product may comprise a burst strength value improvement of 6% or more, 7% or more, 8% or more, 9% or more, 10% or more, 12.5% or more, 15.0% or more, 17.5% or more, 20.0% or more, 22.5% or more, 25.0% or more, 27.5% or more, 30.0% or more, 32.5% or more, 35.0% or more, 37.5% or more, or 40% or more at either 4.5 lbs/ton, 5.0 lbs/ton, 9.0 lbs/ton or 10 lbs/ton testing as compared to a blank sample used for the burst strength test.
- the paper product may comprise one or more of handsheets, board-based products, beverage carriers, toweling, milk and juice cartons, food trays, paper bags, liner board for corrugated containers, packaging board grade, and tissue and towel grade, paper materials, paper towels, diapers, sanitary napkins, training pants, pantiliners, incontinence briefs, tampons, pee pads, litter box liners, coffee filters, air filters, dryer pads, floor cleaning pads, absorbent facial tissue, absorbent bathroom tissue, napkins, wrapping paper, and/or other paperboard products such as cartons and bag paper.
- the paper product may comprise cellulose paperboard webs which optionally comprise predominantly cellulose fibers.
- cationic GPAM compositions may effect efficient drainage, e.g., drainage of OCC pulp, such as demonstrating an improvement in drainage time, e.g., time to collect a given amount of filtrate from OCC pulp, of 25.0% or more, 30.0% or more, 35.0% or more, 40.0% or more, 45.0% or more, 50.0% or more, 55.0% or more as compared to the drainage without the use of a cationic GPAM composition.
- the cationic GPAM may improve the drainage rate of a treatment sample resulting in increased paper production rate as compared to the drainage without the use of a cationic GPAM composition.
- cationic GPAM compositions may effect a decrease in the total amount of solids present in a treated sample, e.g., a decrease in the total solids present in a filtrate collected from OCC pulp treated with a cationic GPAM, e.g., a decrease in the solid content of white water from tray or silo post sheet forming, such as an improvement (decrease in solids content) of 15% or more, 17.5% or more, 20.0% or more, 22.5% or more, 25.0% or more, 27.5% or more, 30.0% or more, or 32.5% or more as compared to the total amount of solids present in a sample without the use of a cationic GPAM composition.
- the cationic GPAM may improve drying energy savings.
- the present disclosure generally relates to a cationic glyoxalated polyacrylamide (“GPAM”) suitable for use as a dry and/or wet strengthening agent, wherein said cationic GPAM comprises a base polymer of at least 15% by weight of cationic monomer, wherein the cationic monomer comprises DADMAC and/or acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (“Q9”), further wherein the base polymer comprises a weight average molecular weight of at least 30,000 Da, wherein the cationic GPAM comprises a glyoxahbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, optionally from about 20:80, wherein the GPAM comprises a solids percentage of from about 2% to about 11%, optionally from more than 4% to about 11%, further optionally from about greater than 4% to about 8%, further optionally from about greater than 4% to about 7%,
- the present disclosure generally relates to a cationic glyoxalated polyacrylamide (“GPAM”) suitable for use as a dry and/or wet strengthening agent, wherein said cationic GPAM comprises a base polymer of at least 15% by weight of cationic monomer, wherein the cationic monomer comprises DADMAC and/or acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (“Q9”), further wherein the base polymer comprises a weight average molecular weight of at least 30,000 Da, wherein the cationic GPAM comprises a glyoxahbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, optionally from about 20:80, wherein the GPAM comprises a solids percentage of from about 2% to about 11%, optionally from more than 4% to about 11%, further optionally from about greater than 4% to about 8%, further optionally from about greater than 4% to about 7%; and further wherein the GPAM content of the cationic GPAM
- the GPAM will comprise one or more of the following: i. the backbone polymer comprises or consists of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide monomers and cationic monomers selected from DADMAC and/or acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (“Q9”); ii.
- the backbone polymer comprises or consists of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide monomers and cationic monomers selected from DADMAC and/or acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (“Q9”) and optionally comprises a molecular weight ranging from at least about 50 kDa to 1500 kDa, further optionally at least about 100 kDa to 1000 kDa, or still further optionally at least about 140 kDa to 1000 kDa; iii.
- the backbone polymer comprises or consists of acrylamide and/or methacrylamide monomers and cationic monomers selected from DADMAC and/or acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (“Q9”) and optionally comprises a molecular weight ranging from at least about 50 kDa to 1500 kDa, or at least about 100 kDa to 1000 kDa, or at least about 140 kDa to 1000 kDa and the basepolymer charge of the basepolymer optionally ranges from 15- 60%, 20-50%, 20-40%, or optionally comprises 20%, 30% or 40%; and the cationic GPAM optionally comprises a glyoxakbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, or optionally from about 20:80, further optionally at least about 23:77 to about 29:71, still further optionally at least about 25:75, 26:74, 27:73, 28:72 or 29:71; iv.
- the cationic GPAM comprises a solids percentage of from greater than about 4% to about 8%, optionally from about 5% to about 7%, optionally about 7%, 5.5%, or 5.0%; and/or vi. a combination of any two or more of (i)-(v).
- the term “monomer” generally refers to nonionic monomers, anionic monomers, cationic monomers, zwitterionic monomers, betaine monomers, and amphoteric ion pair monomers.
- polymer As used herein, the terms “polymer,” “polymers,” “polymeric,” and similar terms are used in their ordinary sense as understood by one skilled in the art, and thus may be used herein to refer to or describe a large molecule (or group of such molecules) that comprise recurring units. Polymers may be formed in various ways, including by polymerizing monomers and/or by chemically modifying one or more recurring units of a precursor polymer. Unless otherwise specified, a polymer may comprise a “homopolymer” that may comprise substantially identical recurring units that may be formed by various methods e.g., by polymerizing a particular monomer.
- a polymer may also comprise a “copolymer” that may comprise two or more different recurring units that may be formed by, e.g., copolymerizing, two or more different monomers, and/or by chemically modifying one or more recurring units of a precursor polymer.
- a polymer or copolymer may also comprise a “terpolymer” that may comprise polymers that may comprise three or more different recurring units.
- the term “polymer” as used herein is intended to include both the acid form of the polymer as well as its various salts. Polymers may be amphoteric in nature, i.e., containing both anionic and cationic substituents, although not necessarily in the same proportions.
- nonionic monomer generally refers to a monomer that possesses a neutral charge.
- anionic monomers may refer to either anionic monomers that are substantially anionic in whole or (in equilibrium) in part, at a pH in the range of about 4.0 to about 9.0.
- the “anionic monomers” may be neutral at low pH (from a pH of about 2 to about 6), or to anionic monomers that are anionic at low pH.
- cationic monomer generally refers to a monomer that possesses a positive charge.
- cationic monomers may comprise but are not limited to those comprising acryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (“AETAC”), methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (“MAPTAC”), acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacryloyloxyethyldimethylammonium sulfate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, Q6 (methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride), Q6o (dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate sulfate, and/or diallyldimethylammonium chloride (“DADMAC”).
- AETAC acryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium
- Said cationic monomers may also comprise but are not limited to comprising dialkylaminoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates and their quaternary or acid salts, including, but not limited to, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt (“DMAEA.MCQ”), dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl sulfate quaternary salt (“DMAEM.MCQ”), dimethyaminoethyl acrylate benzyl chloride quaternary salt (“DMAEA.BCQ”), dimethylaminoethyl acrylate sulfuric acid salt, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate hydrochloric acid salt, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, methyl chloride quaternary salt, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl sulfate quatern
- Alkyl groups may generally comprise but are not limited to those comprising Ci- 8 alkyl groups.
- cationic monomers may comprise quaternary ammonium or acid salts of vinyl amide, vinyl carboxylic acid, methacrylate and their derivatives.
- Cationic monomers can be combined, for example, to form a terpolymer of dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt, and diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide.
- papermaking process and “papermaking application” generally refer to any process in which any form of paper and/or paperboard product may be produced.
- processes include making paper products from pulp, such as methods comprising forming an aqueous cellulosic papermaking furnish, draining the furnish to form a sheet, and drying the sheet.
- the steps of forming the papermaking furnish, draining and drying may be carried out in any conventional manner generally known in the art.
- polyacrylamide generally refer to polymers and co-polymers comprising acrylamide moieties, and the terms encompass any polymers or copolymers comprising acrylamide moieties, e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers.
- PAMs may comprise anionic PAMs (APAMs), cationic PAMs (CP AMs), and/or sulfonated PAMs (SPAMs).
- a polyacrylamide may be a cationic polyacrylamide (cPAM).
- GPAM glyoxalated polyacrylamide
- Methods for producing glyoxalated polyacrylamides are known in the art. (See e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,556,932 which first disclosed the synthesis of a GPAM product prepared by reacting glyoxal with a cationic polyacrylamide).
- the polyacrylamide backbone of the GPAM can incorporate a small amount of a cationic monomer, rendering the polymer self-retaining on fibers.
- GPAM comprises a reactive polymer that can covalently bind with cellulose upon dehydration.
- the present invention provides cationic GPAMs having a specific composition and properties which are well suited for use in papermaking processes, i. e. , for use as additives for increasing paper wet and/or dry strength; and which possess enhanced storage and transport properties, e.g., unlike conventional GPAMs used in papermaking processes the subject cationic GPAMs can be stored and transported without the need for the addition of large volumes of aqueous carriers, which is undesirable as well as costly as this generally requires large volume containers or tanker vessels for transport.
- the aqueous carrier may comprise water.
- the volume of aqueous carrier used during transport of the cationic GPAMs discussed herein may be less than that used to transport a conventional GPAM.
- conventional GPAMs may comprise a solids percentage of 4% or less
- cationic GPAMs may comprise a solids percentage of greater than 4%, i.e., from greater than 4% to about 11%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 8%, from about greater than 4% to about 7%, from about 5% to about 7%, or from about 5% to about 6%.
- the term “cationic GPAM” generally refers to a GPAM composition comprising a base polymer comprising at least 15% by weight of cationic monomer, optionally wherein the cationic monomer comprises DADMAC, wherein the base polymer comprises a weight average molecular weight of at least 25,000 Da, optionally at least 30,000 Da, further wherein the GPAM comprises a glyoxahbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, optionally from at least about 20:80, e.g., from at least about 23:77, e.g., from at least about 25:75, and further optionally wherein the GPAM comprises a solids percentage of from about 2% to about 11%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 8%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 7%, e.g., from about 5% to about 7%, e.g., from about 5% to about 6%, further optionally
- the GPAM content of the cationic GPAM may range from about 2% to about 11%, optionally from about 3% to about 10%, further optionally from about 4% to about 8%, further optionally from about 5% to about 7%.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a base polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 25 kDa or more, 30 kDa or more, 40 kDa or more, 50 kDa or more, 75 kDa or more, 100 kDa or more, 125 kDa or more, 150 kDa or more, 175 kDa or more, 200 kDa or more, 225 kDa or more, 250 kDa or more, 275 kDa or more, 300 kDa or more, 325 kDa or more, 350 kDa or more, 375 kDa or more, 400 kDa or more, or 500 kDa or more.
- the base polymer may comprise a charge of at least 15% by weight, at least 20% by weight, at least 25% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 35% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 50% by weight, or at least 60% by weight.
- a cationic GPAM may comprise a solids percentage of about 2% or more, 2.5% or more, 3.0% or more, 3.5% or more, 4.0% or more, 4.5% or more, 5.0% or more, 5.5% or more, 6.0% or more, 6.5% or more, 7.0% or more, 7.5% or more, 8.0% or more, 8.5% or more, 9.0% or more, 9.5% or more, 10.0% or more, 10.5% or more, 11.0% or more, or 11.5% or more.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a glyoxahbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, at least about 18:82, at least about 19:81 at least about 20:80, at least about 21:79, at least about 22:78, at least about 23:77, at least about 24:76, at least about 25:75, at least about 26:74, at least about 27:73, at least about 28:72, at least about 29:71, or at least about 30:70.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a base polymer comprising a cationic monomenacrylamide weight ratio of from about 15:85 to about 60:40, optionally from about 20:80 to about 55:45, further optionally from about 25:75 to about 50:50, optionally wherein the cationic monomer comprises DADMAC.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a viscosity of about 30 cPs or more, about 31 cPs or more, about 32 cPs or more, about 33 cPs or more, about 34 cPs or more, or about 35 cPs or more, for example as measured by a Brookfield viscometer.
- the cationic monomer of the polymer back bone of the cationic GPAM may comprise any one or more of the cationic monomers described herein.
- the cationic monomer may comprise DADMAC and/or may comprise acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (aka Q9).
- the back bone polymer may comprise an acrylamide-based polymer, wherein the acrylamide monomer is replaced by other primary amide-containing monomers such as methacrylamide, ethylacrylamide, crotonamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N-butyl acrylamide, or N-ethyl methacrylamide, or any combination thereof.
- back bone polymer comprises acrylamide monomers.
- the cationic GPAMs described herein may be used in any papermaking process, as further described herein. Moreover, the cationic GPAMs described herein possess properties that should lower shipping costs and manufacturing costs, thereby providing benefits to manufacturers and end-users of the cationic GPAMs.
- white water generally refers to the process water and/or produced water that may be removed from the pulp furnish during formation of a paper product, such as a sheet, e.g., a handsheet.
- GPAM products and compositions containing comprise known usage in the paper industry, typically as wet and/or dry strengthening agents.
- conventional GPAMs generally need to be stored and transported in a bulk aqueous fluid carrier in large volumes, which often requires large volume containers or tanker vessels for transport. Shipping such large volumes of product significantly increases costs for those transporting and using the GPAM products.
- improved GPAM products and compositions, such as those comprising cationic GPAMs which, based on their composition are useful in papermaking processes and which possess storage properties that should result in reduced shipping costs.
- the present disclosure generally relates to improved GPAM products and compositions comprising one or more cationic GPAMs, wherein said cationic GPAMs comprise a base polymer, optionally an acrylamide-based base polymer, further optionally a cationic polyacrylamide base polymer, comprising at least 15% by weight of cationic monomer, optionally wherein the cationic monomer comprises DADMAC, further wherein the base polymer comprises a weight average molecular weight of at least 25,000 Da, optionally at least 30,000 Da, and wherein the GPAM comprises a glyoxakbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, optionally from about 20:80, e.g., from about 23:77, e.g., from about 25:75, and further optionally wherein the GPAM comprises a solids percentage of from about 2% to about 11%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 8%, e.g., from about greater than
- conventional GPAMs may comprise a solids percentage of 4% or less
- cationic GPAMs may comprise a solids percentage of greater than 4%, i.e., from greater than 4% to about 11%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 8%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 7%, from about 5% to about 7%, or from about 5% to about 6%.
- the present disclosure generally relates to improved GPAM products and compositions comprising a cationic glyoxalated polyacrylamide (“GPAM”) which are suitable for use as a dry and/or wet strengthening agent, wherein said cationic GPAM comprises a base polymer of at least 15% by weight of cationic monomer, optionally wherein the cationic monomer comprises DADMAC, further wherein the base polymer comprises a weight average molecular weight of at least 25,000 Da, optionally at least 30,000 Da, wherein the cationic GPAM comprises a glyoxakbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, optionally, from about 20:80, further optionally, from about 23:77, further optionally, from about 25:75, and optionally wherein the GPAM comprises a solids percentage of from about 2% to about 11%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 8%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 7%, e
- GPAM
- the composition may comprise a cationic GPAM comprising a GPAM content of from about 2% to about 11%, optionally from about 3% to about 10%, further optionally from about 4% to about 8%, further optionally from about 5% to about 7%.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a base polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 25 kDa or more, 30 kDa or more, 40 kDa or more, 50 kDa or more, 75 kDa or more, 100 kDa or more, 125 kDa or more, 150 kDa or more, 175 kDa or more, 200 kDa or more, 225 kDa or more, 250 kDa or more, 275 kDa or more, 300 kDa or more, 325 kDa or more, 350 kDa or more, 375 kDa or more, 400 kDa or more, 500 kDa, 1000 kDa, 1500 kDa or more.
- the base polymer may comprise a charge of at least 15% by weight, at least 20% by weight, at least 25% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 35% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 50% by weight, or at least 60% by weight, optionally from about 20-40% by weight.
- a cationic GPAM may comprise a solids percentage of about 2% or more, 2.5% or more, 3.0% or more, 3.5% or more, 4.0% or more, 4.5% or more, 5.0% or more, 5.5% or more, 6.0% or more, 6.5% or more, 7.0% or more, 7.5% or more, 8.0% or more, 8.5% or more, 9.0% or more, 9.5% or more, 10.0% or more, 10.5% or more, 11.0% or more, or 11.5% or more.
- a cationic GPAM may comprise a solids percentage of from about greater than 4% to about 8%, optionally from about greater than 4% to about 7%, further optionally from about 5% to about 7%, e.g., from about 5% to about 6%.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a glyoxahbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, at least about 18:82, at least about 19:81 at least about 20:80, at least about 21:79, at least about 22:78, at least about 23:77, at least about 24:76, at least about 25:75, at least about 26:74, at least about 27:73, at least about 28:72, at least about 29:71, or at least about 30:70.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a base polymer comprising a cationic monomer:acrylamide weight ratio of from about 15:85 to about 60:40, optionally from about 20:80 to about 55:45, further optionally from about 25:75 to about 50:50, optionally wherein the cationic monomer comprises DADMAC and/or acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (aka Q9).
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a viscosity of about 30 cPs or more, about 31 cPs or more, about 32 cPs or more, about 33 cPs or more, about 34 cPs or more, or about 35 cPs or more, for example as measured by a Brookfield viscometer.
- the cationic monomer of the polymer back bone of the cationic GPAM may comprise any one or more of the cationic monomers described herein.
- cationic monomer may comprise DADMAC and/or may comprise acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (aka Q9).
- cationic GPAM compositions such as the cationic charge, the solids percentage, and/or the GPAM content, as compared to conventional GPAMs, demonstrate desirable and effective end-use performance, and the properties of the cationic GPAMs disclosed and exemplified herein should translate into huge reductions in product volumes needing to be transported and handled, such as, for example, where railway tanker car or tanker truck shipments and the like are involved, and thus significant savings in costs and handling can be obtained using the subject cationic GPAMs.
- the cationic polyacrylamide of the cationic GPAM may comprise a cationic copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide.
- the PAM may comprise a cationic copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide that may be produced by copolymerizing acrylamide or methacrylamide with one or more cationic monomer(s).
- said one or more cationic monomers may comprise any one or more of the cationic monomers discussed herein.
- said one or more cationic monomers may include, but are not limited to including, methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (aka Q9), 3-(methacrylamido) propyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, 3- (acryloylamido) propyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC), dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, and similar monomers.
- DADMAC diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a cationic monomer comprising any one or more of 2-vinylpyridine, 2-vinyl-N-methylpyridinium chloride, (p- vinylphenyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, 2- (dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate, trimethyl p-vinylbenzyl)ammonium chloride, p- dimethylaminoethylstyrene, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, 2- methylacroyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium methylsulfate, or 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, or any combination thereof.
- the cPAM may comprise a copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide and DADMAC. In some embodiments, the cPAM may comprise a copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide and Q9 (acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride). In some embodiments, a cPAM may comprise one or more cationic monomers, such as those discussed herein, a net charge that is cationic, and an acrylamide or methacrylamide backbone. In some embodiments, a cPAM may comprise an acrylamide or methacrylamide based polymer that is treated after the polymerization to render it cationic, for example, by using Hofmann or Mannich reactions. In some embodiments, a cPAM may comprise a cationic copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide that may be prepared by conventional radical-initiation polymerization methods.
- the back bone polymer may comprise an acrylamide-based polymer, wherein the acrylamide monomer is replaced by other primary amide-containing monomers such as methacrylamide, ethylacrylamide, crotonamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N- butyl acrylamide, or N-ethyl methacrylamide, or any combination thereof.
- the back bone polymer may comprise acrylamide monomers.
- the one or more cationic monomers may be selected from the group consisting of acryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (“AETAC”), methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (“MAPTAC”), acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, methacryloyloxyethyldimethylammonium sulfate, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, Q6 (methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride), Q6o (dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate sulfate), , diallyldimethylammonium chloride (“DADMAC”); dialkylaminoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates and their quaternary or acid salts, including, but not limited to, dimethyla
- the present disclosure further generally relates to a method of papermaking, wherein said method comprises adding one or more cationic GPAM products and compositions as afore-described, which, based on their composition are useful in papermaking processes, and which moreover possess storage properties that should result in reduced shipping costs; which method generally comprises the addition of one or more of such cationic GPAMs during a papermaking method in an amount effective to increase the wet and/or dry strength of the paper.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise any one or more of the cationic GPAMs disclosed herein.
- the cationic GPAM may comprise a base polymer, optionally acrylamide-based, further optionally a cationic polyacrylamide, of at least 15% by weight of cationic monomer, optionally wherein the cationic monomer comprises DADMAC, further wherein the base polymer comprises a weight average molecular weight of at least 25,000 Da, optionally at least 30,000 Da, wherein the GPAM comprises a glyoxahbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, optionally from about 20:80, e.g., from about 23:77, e.g., from about 25:75, and further optionally wherein the GPAM comprises a solids percentage of from about 2% to about 11%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 8%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 7%, e.g., for about 5% to about 7%, e.g., from about 5% to about 6%.
- the cationic GPAMs described herein provide thermosetting resins that are particularly suitable for use as additives in papermaking methods, i.e., wherein the addition of said cationic GPAMs results in papers with desirable dry and temporary wet strength, and/or increases the papermaking de-watering rate.
- the present disclosure further relates to paper products comprising one or more improved GPAM products and compositions as disclosed herein, such as those comprising cationic GPAMs as afore-described.
- the paper product may comprise at least one paper layer or web containing the cationic GPAM, for example, paper sheeting, paperboard, tissue paper, and wall board.
- the cationic GPAM is not limited to use in any particular type of paper or papermaking method and should find application in Kraft paper, sulfite paper, semichemical paper, and the like, including paper produced using bleached pulp, unbleached pulp, or combinations thereof.
- the cationic GPAM composition can be added at any time before, during and/or after paper formation.
- the cationic GPAM composition may be added at the wet end of a paper-making facility to the cellulose fiber suspensions, generally at a point when wet strength resins are conventionally added.
- the cationic GPAM composition can be added to a previously prepared paper by padding, spraying, immersing, and/or printing and the like.
- the cationic GPAM composition may be added to paper pulp over a wide range of pH values, such as from about 4 to about 9.
- the amount of cationic GPAM composition added during a papermaking method may range from about 0.02% by dry weight to about 10% by dry weight of the cellulose fibers, e.g., in the range of about 0.05 wt % to 5 wt % of the dry paper weight.
- the present disclosure generally relates to a paper product, e.g., a handsheet, comprising one or more cationic GPAMs, e.g., cationic GPAMs as afore- described, which, based on their composition are useful in papermaking processes and which optionally possess storage properties that should result in reduced shipping costs.
- a paper product e.g., a handsheet
- cationic GPAMs e.g., cationic GPAMs as afore- described
- the paper product may comprise fiber-based products, e.g., handsheets, board- based products, beverage carriers, toweling, milk and juice cartons, food trays, paper bags, liner board for corrugated containers, packaging board grade, and tissue and towel grade, paper materials, paper towels, diapers, sanitary napkins, training pants, pantiliners, incontinence briefs, tampons, pee pads, litter box liners, coffee filters, air filters, dryer pads, floor cleaning pads, absorbent facial tissue, absorbent bathroom tissue, napkins, wrapping paper, and/or other paperboard products such as cartons and bag paper.
- the paper product may comprise cellulose paperboard webs which comprise:
- the paper product may comprise a handsheet.
- a handsheet comprising one or more cationic GPAMs may comprise an STFI value improvement of 6% or more, 7% or more, 8% or more, 9% or more, 10% or more, 12.5% or more, 15.0% or more, 17.5% or more, 20.0% or more, 22.5% or more, 25.0% or more at either 4.5 lbs/ton, 5.0 lbs/ton, 9.0 lbs/ton or 10 lbs/ton testing as compared to the blank sample used for the STFI test.
- a handsheet comprising one or more cationic GPAMs may comprise an burst strength value improvement of 6% or more, 7% or more, 8% or more, 9% or more, 10% or more, 12.5% or more, 15.0% or more, 17.5% or more, 20.0% or more,
- cationic GPAM compositions may effect efficient drainage, e.g., drainage of OCC pulp, such as demonstrating an improvement in drainage time, e.g., time to collect a given amount of filtrate from OCC pulp, of 25.0% or more, 30.0% or more, 35.0% or more, 40.0% or more, 45.0% or more, 50.0% or more, 55.0% or more as compared to the drainage without the use of a cationic GPAM composition.
- the cationic GPAM improves the drainage rate of a treatment sample resulting in increased paper production rate as compared to the drainage without the use of a cationic GPAM composition.
- cationic GPAM compositions may effect a decrease in the total amount of solids present in a treated sample, e.g., a decrease in the total solids present in a filtrate collected from OCC pulp treated with a cationic GPAM, e.g., a decrease in the solid content of white water from tray or silo post sheet forming, such as an improvement (decrease in solids content) of 15% or more, 17.5% or more, 20.0% or more, 22.5% or more, 25.0% or more, 27.5% or more, 30.0% or more, or 32.5% or more as compared to the total amount of solids present in a sample without the use of a cationic GPAM composition.
- the cationic GPAM may improve drying energy savings.
- the present disclosure generally relates to a method of making a handsheet, said method comprising: a. providing a pulp stock; b. diluting the pulp stock; c. adding one or more salts to a desired level of conductivity; d. adjusting the pH to a desired value; e. adding one or more cationic GPAMs; f. adding the treated pulp to a dynamic sheet former; g. pressing the sheets resulting from f.; h. drying the sheets; and i. conditioning the sheets.
- the present disclosure generally relates to a method of manufacturing one or more paper products, wherein said method comprises: a. providing a composition comprising predominantly cellulose fibers; b. adding a predetermined quantity of one or more cationic GPAMs; and c. forming the desired paper product.
- the present disclosure generally encompass a method of manufacturing one or more paper products, e.g., one or more adsorbent paper products, wherein said method comprises: a. providing a composition comprising any of softwood fiber, hardwood fiber, recycle fiber, refined fiber, or a mixture of any of the foregoing in an amount sufficient to form an overall furnish of from approximately 1 to 100% hardwood fiber, softwood fiber, recycle fiber, refined fiber or a mixture of any of the foregoing; (b) adding a predetermined quantity of cationic GPAMs as discussed herein; and (c) forming a paper product by drying on one or more drying means to a desired moisture content level.
- the present disclosure generally relates to a method for strengthening paper, comprising (i) contacting pulp fibers with a strengthening resin comprising at least one cationic GPAM, e.g., at least one of the improved cationic GPAM products and compositions disclosed herein, which GPAMs possess specific attributes which render them well suited for use in papermaking processes, and (ii) at least partially curing the cationic GPAM in the mixture of pulp fibers and cationic GPAM to produce a paper product of enhanced strength.
- a strengthening resin comprising at least one cationic GPAM, e.g., at least one of the improved cationic GPAM products and compositions disclosed herein, which GPAMs possess specific attributes which render them well suited for use in papermaking processes, and (ii) at least partially curing the cationic GPAM in the mixture of pulp fibers and cationic GPAM to produce a paper product of enhanced strength.
- the present disclosure generally relates to a cationic glyoxalated polyacrylamide (“GPAM”) suitable for use as a dry and/or wet strengthening agent, wherein said cationic GPAM comprises a base polymer of at least 15% by weight of cationic monomer, wherein the cationic monomer comprises DADMAC and/or Q9 (acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride), further wherein the base polymer comprises a weight average molecular weight of at least 30,000 Da, wherein the cationic GPAM comprises a glyoxakbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, optionally from about 20:80, wherein the GPAM comprises a solids percentage of from about 2% to about 11%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 8%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 7%, e.g., from about 5% to about 7%, e.g., from about 5% to
- the present disclosure generally relates to a cationic glyoxalated polyacrylamide (“GPAM”) suitable for use as a dry and/or wet strengthening agent, wherein said cationic GPAM comprises a base polymer of at least 15% by weight of cationic monomer, wherein the cationic monomer comprises DADMAC and/or Q9 (acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride), further wherein the base polymer comprises a weight average molecular weight of at least 30,000 Da, wherein the cationic GPAM comprises a glyoxakbase polymer weight ratio of at least about 17:83, optionally from about 20:80, wherein the GPAM comprises a solids percentage of from about 2% to about 11%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 8%, e.g., from about greater than 4% to about 7%, e.g., from about 5% to about 7%, e.g., from about 5% to about 6%, and
- compositions and methods illustratively disclosed herein suitably may be practiced in the absence of any element which is not specifically disclosed herein and/or any element specifically disclosed herein.
- GPAM samples and the handsheets used in the following examples were prepared as follows. All GPAM samples were prepared by reacting glyoxal with a cationic polyacrylamide base polymer. Table 1 presents the compositions of the cationic polyacrylamide base polymers that were used for GPAM sample preparation.
- Basepolymers 1-9 are comprised of acrylamide and DADMAC monomers.
- Cationic copolymers comprising acrylamide and DADMAC monomers were used in the examples herein because such copolymers are widely used as a “model” cationic polymer. Accordingly, it is reasonably expected that the results obtained using these copolymers will be obtained with other cationic polymers such as cationic copolymers comprising other cationic monomers which are disclosed herein.
- compositions of the GPAM samples prepared by reacting glyoxal with the base polymers of Table 1 are described in Table 2.
- Each of the GPAM samples had a final viscosity from 30 cps to 35 cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer equipped with an LV-1 spindle.
- Handsheets were prepared as follows. OCC pulp thick stock was obtained from a recycled liner board paper mill. First, the thick stock was dilated to 0.5% consistency using tap water. NaCl was then added to the diluted pulp to match mill white water conductivity. 1M HC1 solution was added to the pulp to adjust pH to 6.4. Following pH adjustment, GPAM products were introduced to the diluted pulp under overhead agitation. Next, the treated pulp was added to a dynamic sheet former (DSF) (TECHPAP France, type - FDA) to produce 110 gsm sheet. After the sheets were produced, the formed sheets were pressed with blotting paper at 15 psi using a pneumatic roll press and then dried on a rotary dryer at 110°C.
- DSF dynamic sheet former
- the maximum GPAM concentration and critical base polymer concentration of base polymer 6, base polymer 7, and base polymer 8 was evaluated.
- the maximum GPAM concentration relates to the concentration of polyacrylamide and glyoxal mixture above which the glyoxalation reaction proceeds rapidly and the mixture viscosity reaches 30 cps at pH between 8.5 to 9.0 in less than 30 minutes.
- the critical base polymer concentration relates to the concentration above which the viscosity increases for the reaction mixture resulting from the forward progress of the adduct formation, and below which the viscosity decreases for the reaction mixtures resulting from the forward progress of adduct formation.
- the maximum GPAM concentration and critical base polymer concentration of base polymer 6, base polymer 7, and base polymer 8 are presented in Table 3.
- the maximum GPAM concentration generally scaled with the base polymer charge density.
- base polymer 6 and base polymer 8 have weight average molecular weights of about 300 kDa, and the 40% charged base polymer (base polymer 6) comprised a maximum GPAM concentration of 5.5% as compared to the 20% charged base polymer (base polymer 8) which comprised a maximum GPAM concentration of 4.0%.
- Handsheets were prepared using various different GPAM samples as described by Example 1. Following preparation, the handsheets were subjected to strength tests which included STFI strength testing and burst strength testing. The results of the strength tests are presented in Table 4 and Table 5. The composition of the samples used are described in Table 2 of Example 1.
- Comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2 each were prepared using low weight average molecular weight base polymers ( see Table 2 and Example 1).
- Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3 were each prepared using base polymers with weight average molecular weights of over 100 kDa ⁇ see Table 2 and Example 1).
- Table 4 and Table 5 each of Sample 1, Sample 2, and Sample 3 demonstrated higher STFI and burst results as compared to Comparative sample 1 and comparative sample 2.
- Sample 2, which comprised a GPAM content of 5% provided comparable strength as compared to Sample 3, which comprised a GPAM content of 3%. It is noted that higher GPAM content is generally preferred as higher GPAM content can result in lower shipping and handling costs.
- various different GPAM samples were subjected to retention/drainage tests.
- the various different GPAM samples were prepared in accordance with Example 1.
- the retention/drainage tests were performed using a Dynamic Drainage Analyzer 5 (DDA 5) (PulpEye).
- DDA 5 Dynamic Drainage Analyzer 5
- the OCC pulp used for the test was obtained from a container board mill without any wet end chemical addition.
- 1000 mL of OCC pulp was added to the DDA 5, and the overhead stirrer was started at 1100 rpm.
- one of the GPAM products was added to the DDA 5 at 5 lb/ton.
- comparative example 1 reduced the drainage time by about 5%.
- sample 2 and sample 3 reduced the drainage time by 45% and 52%, respectively.
- Comparative example 1 decreased the total suspended solid content (TSS) by 11% whereas Sample 2 and Sample 3 decreased the TSS by 26% and 30%, respectively.
- Sample 2 and Sample 3 provided improved drainage rate and improved retention efficiency as compared with Comparative example 1.
- Handsheets were prepared using various different GPAM samples as described by Example 1. Following preparation, the handsheets were subjected to strength tests which included STFI strength testing and burst strength testing. The results of the strength tests are presented in Table 7, Table 8, and Table 9. The composition of the samples used are described in Table 2 of Example 1.
- Table 7 presents a comparison of the strength properties of handsheets prepared with various different GPAM samples, which samples were prepared using a base polymer comprising a weight average molecule weight of 246 kDa (see Table 2 and Table 1).
- the various different GPAM samples of Table 7 varied in glyoxal/base polymer ratio (see Table 2). As shown in Table 7, a higher glyoxal/base polymer ratio generally resulted in higher STFI values.
- Table 8 and Table 9 present a comparison of the STFI strength properties and burst strength properties, respectively, of various different GPAM samples.
- the weight average molecular weight of the base polymer was from about 200 kDa to about 350 kDa for the GPAM samples tested.
- the base polymer charge percentage varied from about 20% to about 60%.
- Sample 2 demonstrated improvements of 15.7% and 20.9% for the 4.5 lb/ton and 9 lb/ton STFI strength tests, respectively;
- Sample 7 demonstrated improvements of 14.1% and 22.0% for the 4.5 lb/ton and 9 lb/ton STFI strength tests, respectively, and
- Sample 8 demonstrated 15.2% and 19.1% improvements for the 4.5 lb/ton and 9 lb/ton STFI tests, respectively.
- Sample 2 demonstrated improvements of 24.4% and 38.2% for the 4.5 lb/ton and 9 lb/ton burst strength, respectively;
- Sample 7 demonstrated improvements of 21.2% and 34.8% for the 4.5 lb/ton and 9 lb/ton burst strength, respectively;
- Sample 8 demonstrated improvements of 21.9% and 33.8% for the 4.5 lb/ton and 9 lb/ton burst strength, respectively.
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