EP4090634A1 - Verfahren und system zur biologischen behandlung von hochkonzentriertem abwasser - Google Patents
Verfahren und system zur biologischen behandlung von hochkonzentriertem abwasserInfo
- Publication number
- EP4090634A1 EP4090634A1 EP21717510.8A EP21717510A EP4090634A1 EP 4090634 A1 EP4090634 A1 EP 4090634A1 EP 21717510 A EP21717510 A EP 21717510A EP 4090634 A1 EP4090634 A1 EP 4090634A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wastewater
- process environment
- biological
- container
- aerobic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000984608 Desulfuromonadales Species 0.000 claims description 4
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001139 pH measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000731387 Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans Species 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000589597 Paracoccus denitrificans Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011086 high cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960003753 nitric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004172 nitrogen cycle Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000203069 Archaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000731379 Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000617066 Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000678188 Candidatus Scalindua brodae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000359380 Methanosarcinales Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000913 Nitrate Reductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010025915 Nitrite Reductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037149 energy metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010841 municipal wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000000 soil microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
- C02F3/307—Nitrification and denitrification treatment characterised by direct conversion of nitrite to molecular nitrogen, e.g. by using the Anammox process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
- C02F3/1242—Small compact installations for use in homes, apartment blocks, hotels or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/005—Black water originating from toilets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/04—Oxidation reduction potential [ORP]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/14—NH3-N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/15—N03-N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/22—O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/42—Liquid level
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
- C02F2301/046—Recirculation with an external loop
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/24—Separation of coarse particles, e.g. by using sieves or screens
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Definitions
- Highly concentrated wastewater from connection-free sanitary cubicles has the following characteristics. It has a high proportion of solids, including coarse solids such as glass, metal, stones and / or textiles.
- Highly concentrated wastewater has an extremely high concentration of nitrogen, an average of 2,000-4,000 mg / l. This value is approx. 40-80 times higher than the usual inflow of wastewater into a municipal sewage treatment plant.
- Such high nitrogen values are normally toxic for biological, municipal wastewater treatment. They override the normal clarification process of a municipal sewage treatment plant. It is therefore, especially often, forbidden to discharge such highly concentrated wastewater untreated to a municipal sewage treatment plant. Municipal sewage treatment plants therefore generally do not accept such highly concentrated wastewater at all.
- the highly concentrated wastewater has an average extremely high, basic pH value of approx. 8.5 - 9.0, with a very high acid capacity, which also makes it difficult to lower the pH value. With such high pH values, biological wastewater treatment is very difficult or even impossible.
- the object is to provide a method and a system for biological treatment, in particular for the removal of nutrients from, in particular highly concentrated, wastewater from agricultural production, fermentation residues or from connection-free sanitary cabins of the type designated, which enable effective biological treatment of the wastewater.
- a method for the biological treatment of highly concentrated wastewater is described here, in particular with extremely high nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, in particular from agricultural production or from connection-free sanitary cabins, with wastewater being passed through at least one single-stage solid separation device that is separated from it Wastewater is passed into a biological, liquid process environment, the wastewater is treated in the biological process environment, the wastewater is passed through an anaerobic, anoxic and an aerobic process environment and is clarified in a secondary clarifier, with at least part of the activated sludge in the biological Process environment is fed back and a part is discharged as process water.
- the anaerobic process environment leads to hydrolysis.
- a recirculating living sludge promotes hydrolysis.
- the hydrolysis breaks down products such as short-chain, dissolved substances such as sugar, alcohol and organic acids.
- an anaerobic environment is free of molecular oxygen. Thus, there is no dissolved oxygen. Organisms do not need free oxygen for their metabolism.
- Anaerobic cleaning is used for heavily polluted wastewater, especially for reasons of energy saving.
- An anaerobic digestion process produces biogas, a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide and a small amount of residual gas that can be used for heating under certain circumstances.
- nitrates for denitrification.
- Denitrification describes a process for the breakdown of nitrate into molecular nitrogen by special microorganisms. Due to redox potential, one or only limited dissolved oxygen is sufficient. Microorganisms selectively reduce nitrate through enzymatic activities to molecular nitrogen in anoxic ambient conditions. So there is no freely dissolved oxygen in an anoxic environment.
- inorganic compounds are converted into nitrogen gas through a biological process and returned to the nitrogen cycle of the atmosphere.
- oxygen is present in dissolved form.
- Living sludge is produced here.
- the activated sludge process the organic load is broken down in dissolved form by aerobic microorganisms.
- the microorganisms include bacteria, unicellular, sometimes multicellular algae, fungi, yeasts and protozoa.
- the aeration basin is extensively ventilated for an aerobic process environment. In all three basins and containers, the wastewater is preferably moved with rotors or agitators, especially arranged in a horizontal direction, in order to keep living sludge in suspension.
- Process water that has been cleaned by sedimentation is drained off in a secondary clarifier. Sludge from the bottom of the secondary clarifier is recirculated to the biological process environment as activated sludge. Excess sludge is discharged to the solids separation device.
- the wastewater is alternately subjected to the at least three biological process environments until purified process water can be drained off.
- the method and a corresponding system with devices for agricultural operations, fermentation residues or for collection points of highly concentrated wastewater from connection-free sanitary cabins can be implemented in a compact manner.
- part of the activated sludge is recirculated into the anaerobic process environment.
- the degradation conditions are improved by means of anaerobic organisms that live without free oxygen and gain energy without the presence of oxygen through incomplete degradation processes.
- part of the living sludge from the secondary clarification device is re-circulated into the anoxic process environment.
- the anoxic process environment is used for denitrification as well as for anammox.
- Anammox is anaerobic ammonium oxidation without oxygen.
- Ammonium NH4 + with oxygen 02 and nitrite N02- is oxidized in an anaerobic and anoxic process environment to nitrogen N2 and nitrate N03- in an anamox process.
- ammonium NH 4 + is proportioned with nitrite N0 2 under anaerobic conditions to form molecular nitrogen N 2 and water 2 H 2 O in a redox reaction.
- the anaerobic ammonium oxidation is initiated by specific bacteria such as Candidatus Brocadia Anammoxidans or bacteria such as Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Scalindua sorokinii. It is also known that Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens - an archaea from the order of the Methanosarcinales - carries out anaerobic methane oxidation. Two microorganisms can thus convert ammonium, methane and nitrate from wastewater into elementary, molecular nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Brocadia anammoxidans needed does not use oxygen and also uses the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Due to the lack of energy required for ventilation, considerable energy is saved by approx. 10%, as well as a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions of up to 90%. It would also be possible to oxidize ammonium using anodes as a bioelectrical system for realizing a microbiological fuel cell.
- nitrate N0 3 In nitrification, in a bacterial oxidation from ammonia or ammonium ions in two sub-processes, nitrate N0 3 .
- Part of the activated sludge from the biological process environment is preferably recirculated into the storage tank via the secondary clarification device. This promotes the process of hydrolysis and acidification of the wastewater and the storage tank can also be used as an anaerobic basin. This means that anaerobic containers can also be saved.
- the wastewater is clarified in batches in the biological process environment.
- bioaugmentation in particular by means of a controllable bioaugmentation device, with specific, defined microorganisms that are present in the aerobic tank at an oxygen content of approx. 0.5% nitrify, which is added directly to the process in the storage tank, in the anaerobic, anoxic process environment and in particular in the secondary clarification device for secondary clarification.
- the performance of the method and system described below is aided by the application of the bioaugmentation device and technology external to the containers.
- This is achieved by adding specialized microbial species with unique properties in terms of their metabolic activities.
- these special bacterial cultures are characterized by a rich hydrolytic enzyme potential, which is used to break down the difficult-to-handle organic macromolecules of the wastewater into less complex substrates, which are then oxidized as easily biodegradable organic material.
- the increased ammonia content in the incoming wastewater which inhibits bacterial growth in particular, is alleviated through the use of specialized nitrifying bacteria. Pollutants are removed by a group of bacterial cultures using their facultative metabolism under non-oxygenated conditions, resulting in lower energy consumption for ventilation purposes throughout the process.
- the increased ammonia content is caused by specialized, nitrifying Bacteria that oxidize ammonia nitrogen to nitrate are mitigated, the nitrate then being denitrified, whereby certain nutrients are used as the main components of the bioaugmentation bacterial cultures to support microbial growth and various microbial species, most of which belong to the genus Bacillus, in particular non-pathogenic, the specific microorganisms, in particular Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefacien being.
- the Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefacien are each a gram-positive, rod-shaped, flagellated soil bacterium.
- B. subtilis is a facultative aerobically growing endospore former.
- the specific, defined microorganisms are also facultative anaerobes and / or facultative aerobes and obligate anaerobes.
- Facultative anaerobes are organisms that can operate an anaerobic metabolism, but can use it in the presence of oxygen, i.e. can grow under both anoxic and oxic conditions, e.g. Paracoccus denitrificans, E. coli.
- the optional aerobic and obligatory anaerobic Desulfuromonadales are also preferred.
- a preferred method thus comprises that the biological treatment is supported by a specific bioaugmentation, in particular by means of a controllable bioaugmentation device, with specific, defined microorganisms with a rich hydrolytic enzyme potential, by means of which difficult-to-treat organic macromolecules of the wastewater into less complex Molecules are broken down and then oxidized into easily biodegradable organic molecules, with fa cultative aerobes and obligate anaerobes, in particular desulfuromonadales, being used as specific, defined microorganisms, which nitrify in the aerobic tank at an oxygen content of approx.
- the specific, defined microorganisms are facultative anaerobes and / or facultative aerobes and obligate anaerobes. Facultative anaerobes are or- Organisms that can operate an anaerobic metabolism, but can also use O2 in the presence of oxygen, i.e. can grow under both anoxic and oxic conditions, e.g. Paracoccus denitrificans, E. coli.
- the optional aerobic and obligatory anaerobic Desulfuromonadales are also preferred. This means that a flocculant is no longer necessary.
- Bio augmentation is the introduction of microorganisms in order to create a culture of bacteria and organisms. The organism culture treats highly concentrated wastewater more efficiently. Bioaugmentation is continued continuously, since the microorganisms do not multiply by themselves, in particular not sufficiently enough. Compared to conventional bacteria, the specific bacteria for bioaugmentation cannot prevail in such a way that they have to be updated continuously.
- the wastewater is by means of
- Membrane filtration clarified the clarification device being designed as a membrane filtration device.
- excess sludge is preferably removed from the biological process environment, from the secondary clarifier, especially after recirculation with the single-stage solids separation device, in particular with a high proportion of phosphorus. Furthermore, due to the specific biological bacteria, no chemicals and precipitants are necessary.
- the wastewater in the biological process environment is carried out alternately in at least one basin or container, in particular in a flow channel for denitrification and nitrification.
- the wastewater is clarified with at least two basins one after the other, with a first anoxic basin and a second aerobic basin, in particular with a first anoxic basin section and a second aerobic basin section, or the waste water in the container is treated intermittently anoxically and aerobically.
- An endless sewer with an endless loop has the advantage that denitrification and nitrification processes affect the wastewater for treatment more quickly.
- the template container is used as an anaerobic basin and as part of the biological treatment.
- parts of activated sludge and equal parts of water are successively mixed with fractions of highly concentrated wastewater at the beginning of a treatment, and parts of all of the aforementioned three parts, ie activated sludge, water and fractions of highly concentrated Wastewater, added and added successively in the same time segments, and thus the volume of the waste water to be clarified is successively increased per time segment.
- the cleaning process is gradually started up with a suitable, properly weighed mixture and the process is maintained.
- a biology is thus created with which the volume for treating the highly concentrated wastewater is gradually increased and the proportions are essentially kept the same, so that the highly concentrated wastewater is clarified efficiently and with a larger volume over longer periods of time. Due to the extremely high nitrogen concentration of the wastewater, only so much of the mixture may be passed into the biology that the pH value always remains within a range of 6.5-8.0 during the biological process, otherwise the biological process of nitrification and denitrification is interrupted.
- the anoxic part of the treatment is mainly used for denitrification and anammox.
- a balance in the biological process environment in particular in the anaerobic and anoxic process environment, between a pH value of 6.0 (slightly acidic) to 8 (slightly basic) is achieved through the interplay of highly concentrated, Strongly alkaline wastewater with a very high acid capacity, an acidic activated sludge and an acidic, biological process environment with a control of the aerobic air supply in the aerobic process environment based on the pH value of the wastewater from the aerobic process environment is monitored and maintained.
- the method is thus a self-contained process system.
- activated sludge from the secondary clarifier is also preferred , in particular from the biological process environment is recirculated into the storage tank.
- excess sludge from the biological aerobic process environment and from the secondary clarification device, in particular a membrane device, is fed to the solids separation device.
- the treatment of wastewater is kept compact.
- the clarified process wastewater is checked for the quality of the clarification.
- a recirculation line for activated sludge is formed from the secondary clarification device to the container of the biological anoxic process environment.
- a recirculation line for activated sludge is formed from the secondary clarification device to the container of the biological anaerobic process environment, with a storage tank located in the line flow of the wastewater for the presentation of the highly concentrated wastewater to be clarified after the solid separation device.
- the device is further preferably designed with a recirculation line for activated sludge from the secondary clarification device to the storage tank.
- the system is designed in such a way that a method described above can be carried out.
- the secondary clarifier is designed as a membrane activation and filtration MBR tank.
- the device preferably comprises a storage program.
- mbare- (SPS) control which with sensors arranged in the aerobic container for Online measurement of pH value, dissolved oxygen content, ammonium and nickel content and solids concentration content, with level sensors in the containers and with an online redox measuring device located in the anoxic container for measuring the reduction potential, and which is connected to actuators , which pump activated sludge via recirculation lines from the secondary clarifier into the aerobic and / or into the anoxic container and / or into the storage container, with devices as actuators controlling an air intake with air diffusers in the aerobic container, and circulation devices as actuators to move the wastewater in the containers and Pumps as actuators convey the wastewater through the individual containers in the river.
- SPS mbare-
- containers for the biological process environment in particular cylindrical
- the container for the anaerobic process environment being designed in a centered manner and concentrically ring-shaped or semi-ring-shaped containers, in particular from the inside to the outside, are designed for an anoxic process environment and an aerobic process environment.
- Advantages of the centered cylinder for an anaerobic process environment are the implementation of a continuous, one-step process, so that wastewater continuously flows in and process water is passed on into the anoxic container 3b.
- the external process processes in the outer, surrounding ring of the anoxic process environment and aerobic process environment 3b and 3c generate heat and thus supply process heat to the centered anaerobic process environment 3a.
- the container is made of concrete, in particular with a cover made of concrete, the bottom of the container is inclined to an outlet, the cover has openings for cleaning, at least one cuboid container with devices for control and before - and clarification is arranged.
- the method and the system can advantageously be supplemented, comprising a dialysis unit with a dialysis stage that removes contaminants, such as potassium, and a re-concentration stage for the dialysate, in the form of a continuous cycle process that removes contaminants from the dialysate , especially potassium, is re-concentrated.
- a dialysis unit with a dialysis stage that removes contaminants, such as potassium
- a re-concentration stage for the dialysate in the form of a continuous cycle process that removes contaminants from the dialysate , especially potassium, is re-concentrated.
- the method is preferably developed as follows in order to eliminate potassium from the process water, after cleaning by the biological processes environment and the secondary clarification, the process water is fed into a dialysis unit, concentrate substances, in particular potassium, are extracted from the process water with a fresh dialysate and a dialysis membrane and the used dialysate is re-concentrated to fresh dialysate.
- a computer program product is described which can be loaded into a memory of an above-described PLC controller of the above-described device and with which an above-described method for maintaining a balance of the pH value between 6.0 and 8.0 in the biological process environment, in particular in wastewater from the aerobic process environment, can be executed.
- no acid and no alkaline solutions are necessary as additives in order to keep the treatment process in the running process.
- Anammox is an acronym derived from the words Anaerobic Ammonium-
- Anaerobic ammonium oxidation is a biological process from the area of the nitrogen cycle.
- anaerobic ammonium oxidation is an oxidation process that takes place without oxygen (anaerobic).
- Ammonium (NH4 +) is synproportionated with nitrite (N02-) under anaerobic conditions to form molecular nitrogen (N2):
- the [fig.l] shows schematically a system 100 and a method for the biological treatment of wastewater 200 with extremely high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, in particular wastewater 200 from agricultural production, such as liquid manure and fermentation residues or wastewater 200 from toilet cubicles without connection .
- Highly concentrated wastewater 200 is passed through process steps in an automated manner and initially fed to at least one single-stage solids separation device 1. Coarse solids and some of the finer solids are thus retained in order to prevent the following pumps and pipelines from being blocked. Too many fine solids impair the oxygen input in biology.
- the highly concentrated wastewater is separated into solids 12 for agriculture or for combustion and the liquid, highly concentrated wastewater 210 is fed into a storage container 2 and temporarily stored there.
- the storage container 2 comprises a circulation device 221 in order to support and mix the highly concentrated wastewater 210 in the process.
- the circulating device 221 is therefore an agitator.
- processes of anaerobic clarification can already be activated to support the process, which is triggered by feeding activated sludge 400 from a secondary clarification device 4 via a recirculation line 6.
- activated sludge 400 from a secondary clarification device 4 via a recirculation line 6.
- this is preferably carried out in two different process reactors.
- the anaerobic process takes place in four phases.
- the first phase is hydrolysis, in which long-chain, often undissolved substances such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates are dissolved and converted into fragments such as amino acids, fatty acids and sugar.
- acid-forming microorganisms convert the hydrolyzed substances into short-chain organic acids, e.g. butyric acid, propionic acid and acetic acid. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide can be produced in small quantities.
- the parameters for this are a temperature range between 25 ° and 35 °, with a pH value between 5.2 and 6.3 being generated.
- the third and fourth phases are preferably in a further container 3a of a biological process environment 30.
- the now acidified wastewater 220 flows into the container 3a for the anaerobic process environment.
- the third and fourth phases can run independently.
- acetic acid is formed from the preformed acids and alcohols.
- methane bacteria arise, which are fed, for example, through the activated sludge 400 from the secondary clarification device 4 via a recirculation line 51 into the container 3a for the anaerobic process environment. Methane bacteria then produce methane from hydrogen, carbon dioxide and acetic acid. It goes without saying that all four phases can take place in a single container 3a as a reactor. Due to the different environmental conditions with regard to pH value and temperature, namely the first and second or third and fourth phase at a pH value between 6.7 and 7.5 and a higher temperature between 35 ° and 60 °, it is necessary to improve the Degradation is advantageous if these run in two different containers, for example 2, 3. An agitator or a circulating device 233 ensures homogeneous mixing of the highly concentrated wastewater 230 for its anaerobic process operations.
- the highly concentrated wastewater 230 is preferably transferred from the biologically anaerobic process environment into the anoxic process environment 3b.
- Metalloenzymes, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase, nitrogen monoxide reductase and nitrogen monoxide reductase are used for catalysis. Since the individual process steps of denitrification are positive, nitrate is used as an electron acceptor (oxidizing agent) for your oxidative energy metabolism (oxidative phosphor elimination) when no or only limited molecular oxygen is available.
- the highly concentrated wastewater 231, which has now been denitrified, is fed into the aerobic process environment 3c via a line 1.
- a circulation device 234 supports the circulation in the anoxic process container 3b.
- An air introduction device 235 with air diffusers for injecting air is formed in the aerobic process container 3c, so that nitrification with oxygen takes place.
- nitrified wastewater 232 is then passed on through line 2 into a secondary clarification device 4.
- wastewater in the form of activated sludge 400 is returned to the biological process environment 30 and thus passed through several times until clear water is created from the process water 240, which is diverted from the secondary clarifier 4.
- Activated sludge 400 is passed from secondary clarification device 4 to storage tank 2 via line 6. It goes without saying that pumps and circulating devices for conveying the activated sludge 400 and the wastewater 200, 210, 220, 230, 231, 232 from a programmable logic controller 15 with a memory 16 built into the SPS controller 15 is to be controlled, so that before given methods are carried out according to a specific algorithm.
- a bioaugmentation device 7 is furthermore preferably provided, which feeds microbacteria into the secondary clarification device 4 via a line 8. Via a line 9 with line branches 91 and 92, microbacteria are fed from the bioaugmentation device 7 to the container 3a of the anaerobic process environment and to the container 3b of the anoxic process environment. Microbacteria and microorganisms are fed from the bio-augmentation device 7 to the storage container 2 via a line 10.
- the process environment is fed to the solids separation device 1 and excess sludge 112 is passed from the secondary clarification device 4 to the solids separation device 1 via the line 11.
- the [fig.1] shows after the cleaning by the biological process environment and the secondary clarification in the after the secondary clarification device 4 that the process water is passed into a dialysis unit 45, concentrates or protective substances 48, in particular potassium, from the process water a fresh dialysate 46 and a dialysis membrane 47 are pulled out and the used dialysate 48 is re-concentrated to fresh dialysate 46.
- the [fig. 2] shows the system 100 known from [fig. 1] with additionally shown, arranged pumps as an air inlet device 235 for the air inlet and for the onward transport of the wastewater 232, here in particular for the treatment of a fermentation residue treatment device.
- FIG. 2 also shows that a redox sensor 32 is provided in the anoxic container 3b and four different DO (dissolved oxygen) sensors 32-37, TS-IPH / T 34 in the aerobic container 3c are provided in order to determine the wastewater in more detail and thus control the inflow to the anaerobic container 3a from the Vorla container, as well as activated sludge via the line branches 51 and the supply of microorganisms via the line branches 91 of the bioaugmentation device 7.
- the sensors 32-37 for measuring devices can also be arranged behind the aerobic container 3c in front of the final clarification device 4.
- the final clarification device 4 can be designed in different ways.
- the final clarification device 4 is preferably designed as a so-called MBR tank with a membrane filtration device.
- a further container 14 is provided after the MBR tank for sedimentation.
- the final clarification device 4 comprises two level sensors 41-42 for successive control of the feed pump. [0073] [FIG. 3] to 10 show different views of the system according to the invention for
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PCT/IB2021/050357 WO2021144776A1 (de) | 2020-01-17 | 2021-01-18 | Verfahren und system zur biologischen behandlung von hochkonzentriertem abwasser |
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