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EP4052005A1 - Force measuring device for measuring drawing forces during wire drawing - Google Patents

Force measuring device for measuring drawing forces during wire drawing

Info

Publication number
EP4052005A1
EP4052005A1 EP20793731.9A EP20793731A EP4052005A1 EP 4052005 A1 EP4052005 A1 EP 4052005A1 EP 20793731 A EP20793731 A EP 20793731A EP 4052005 A1 EP4052005 A1 EP 4052005A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring device
force
force measuring
wire
forces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20793731.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jörg Inhelder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FMS Force Measuring Systems AG
Original Assignee
FMS Force Measuring Systems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FMS Force Measuring Systems AG filed Critical FMS Force Measuring Systems AG
Publication of EP4052005A1 publication Critical patent/EP4052005A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
    • B21C1/12—Regulating or controlling speed of drawing drums, e.g. to influence tension; Drives; Stop or relief mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
    • B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
    • B21C3/12—Die holders; Rotating dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
    • B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
    • B21C3/12—Die holders; Rotating dies
    • B21C3/14—Die holders combined with devices for guiding the drawing material or combined with devices for cooling heating, or lubricating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
    • G01L1/2206—Special supports with preselected places to mount the resistance strain gauges; Mounting of supports
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
    • G01L1/2206—Special supports with preselected places to mount the resistance strain gauges; Mounting of supports
    • G01L1/2231—Special supports with preselected places to mount the resistance strain gauges; Mounting of supports the supports being disc- or ring-shaped, adapted for measuring a force along a single direction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0061—Force sensors associated with industrial machines or actuators
    • G01L5/0076—Force sensors associated with manufacturing machines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
    • G01L5/161—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using variations in ohmic resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a force measuring device for detecting drawing forces on a drawn material and in particular the measurement of drawing forces during wire drawing.
  • the invention also relates to a system for wire drawing with such a force measuring device, the use of the force measuring device and a method for detecting drawing forces on a pull wire in three dimensions.
  • a raw wire is drawn by means of a capstan through a tapering opening of a drawing die arranged in a drawing box and the starting diameter of the raw wire is reduced without any loss of material.
  • several successive drawing processes with successively smaller drawing nozzles may be necessary in order to achieve a desired finished diameter of the wire.
  • a multiple wire drawing machine with a plurality of successive drawing dies is known from the document EP 0012992 A1.
  • the subject of the document is an improvement of machines with so-called counter-tension control, which have an essentially straight wire path from one drawing disk to the next.
  • the drawing forces are only recorded in the direction of the straight wire run, i.e. only in one dimension.
  • US Pat. No. 3,240,055 A discloses a force measuring device with a support element and a compression element in the form of a tube. In an interspace between these elements, strain gauges are arranged, which provide an expansion of the element as a result of its elongation. Temperature influences can be compensated with compensating strain gauges.
  • Said compression element is designed for deformation in only one direction, namely the direction of pull, so that pulling forces can only be measured in one dimension.
  • the document US 4770049 A relates to a force measuring device for detecting an axial load, that is, forces in one dimension. Due to their design, the two end faces of the force measuring device remain parallel to one another when an axial compressive or tensile load is applied. The strength of an axial load can then be derived from the signal from strain gauges attached along the circumference. In addition to primary strain gauges, an arrangement of secondary strain gauges is also provided, with which secondary distortions of the element can be compensated, which are caused by temperature changes or other influences not generated by the axial load.
  • the document DE 100 55933 A1 relates to a transducer for measuring loads, which has a rotationally symmetrical measuring body, which has measuring webs with strain gauges, which are designed in the form of shear force transducers, between a force introduction element and a force discharge element.
  • the transducer is designed to record tensile and compressive forces, i.e. forces in one dimension.
  • the load direction of the introduction and discharge of force corresponds to the rotational symmetry axis of the transducer.
  • the measuring bars are designed as shear force transducers, in which the measuring grid axes of the strain gauges lie in the direction of the load.
  • the force is introduced exactly in the direction of the measuring grid axes, so that shear forces such as se bending moments are compensated. Other interference forces are also compensated for by the arrangement and connection of the strain gauges.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a force measuring device with which the drawing forces on a drawn material, in particular the drawing forces occurring during wire drawing, can be detected. Ideally, it should be possible to record drawing forces in three dimensions, such as those that occur with an inclined wire runout during wire drawing.
  • the invention is also intended to provide an inclined wire runout system for wire drawing and an associated method.
  • the invention provides a force measuring device for detecting drawing forces on a drawing material in three dimensions, which can in particular serve to detect the drawing forces acting on a drawing wire in three dimensions during wire drawing.
  • the force measuring device contains a force introduction element and a spaced-apart support element, each of which has a passage opening for the drawn material, as well as one or more connecting elements deformable in three dimensions that connect the force introduction element and the support element.
  • the force measuring device also contains a plurality of measuring elements arranged on the connecting elements for recording the deformations of the connecting elements generated by the pulling forces in three dimensions. Detection of pulling forces in three dimensions means, in particular, that not only a pulling force in one main axial direction (first dimension, hereinafter also often referred to as the z-direction) is detected can, but also the pulling forces can be detected in the plane perpendicular to the main axial direction (second and third dimension, hereinafter often also referred to as the x and y direction).
  • connecting elements Even if a configuration with only one connecting element is possible in principle, several, in particular two, four, six or eight connecting elements are advantageously provided.
  • the connecting elements mentioned can advantageously be bent in an S-shape, in particular the connecting elements can be bent in an S-shape in the x and y directions and are expandable or compressible in the z direction.
  • the main axial direction of the force measuring device is referred to as the z-direction; the x and y directions are perpendicular to this main axial direction.
  • the connecting elements are formed by a plurality of connecting bars with a polygonal cross section.
  • the connecting bars are expediently arranged at the same angular intervals along a circumference of the force introduction element or the support element.
  • the connecting elements can be formed by a plurality of cuboid connecting bars with a rectangular, in particular a square cross-section.
  • the mentioned measuring elements are advantageously arranged on the side surfaces of the cuboid connecting beams.
  • the measuring elements are arranged in each case at points on the connecting elements at which mechanical stresses generated by only one direction of force occur, that is to say mechanical stresses only generated by forces in the x, y or z direction.
  • the measuring elements are in particular formed by strain gauges, the expansion of which is a measure of the force acting.
  • the force introduction element and / or the support element is designed in the form of a disk with a passage opening for the drawn material. It is also expedient for the force introduction element and / or the support element to be designed in the form of a narrow ring with a passage opening for the drawn material. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the force introduction element is designed in the form of a disk and the support element in the form of a narrow ring, both with a passage opening for the drawn material.
  • the passage openings of the force introduction element and the support element are advantageously arranged concentrically and, if necessary, axially spaced from one another.
  • the force introduction element and the support element are spaced apart in the radial direction in an expedient embodiment and are in particular arranged concentrically. At the moment, however, it is particularly preferred that the force introduction element and the support element are spaced apart not in the radial but in the axial direction and that the connecting elements also extend in the axial direction. Since the inclination of the drawn material during the drawing process is usually relatively small and typically only a few degrees, the greatest forces act on the connecting elements in the axial direction - axially extending connecting elements then offer the advantage that the direction in which the greatest forces act , coincides with the direction of greatest stability of the connecting elements.
  • the force measuring device is a wire drawing force measuring device for detecting drawing forces on a pull wire in three dimensions.
  • the force measuring device allows drawing forces to be recorded in three dimensions, as they occur in particular when drawing a wire inclined wire runout occur.
  • the force measuring device also provides information about the direction of the wire run-out during an oblique drawing process. It can therefore be used with particular advantage for the controlled setting of a desired inclined wire outlet.
  • the invention further includes a system for wire drawing with an inclined wire outlet.
  • Said system contains a drawing box with a drawing die for reducing the diameter of a drawing wire, and a force measuring device of the type described arranged between the drawing die and a housing wall of the drawing box.
  • the system also contains an adjusting device for adjusting the position and / or orientation of the draw box, as well as a control device which is set up and designed to determine the drawing forces of the wire with the reduced diameter in three dimensions by means of the force measuring device, which are determined by means of the force measuring device To compare pulling forces with predetermined target pulling forces for a desired inclined wire outlet, and based on the comparison, to track the position and / or orientation of the pulling box by means of the adjusting device in order to adjust the pulling forces determined by means of the force measuring device to the predetermined target pulling forces.
  • the adjusting device expediently contains one or more stepper motors or one or more DC motors with worm gears, with which the position and / or orientation of the drawing box can be adjusted.
  • the invention further includes the use of a force measuring device of the type described for detecting drawing forces on a drawing material in three dimensions, namely the drawing force in a main axial direction of the force measuring device. direction and the pulling forces in a plane perpendicular to the main axial direction.
  • the invention also includes a method for detecting drawing forces on a drawing wire in three dimensions, in which a drawing box with a drawing die is provided to reduce the diameter of a drawing wire,
  • a force measuring device of the type described is arranged between the drawing die and a housing wall of the drawing box, and
  • a wire is drawn through the drawing die and the drawing forces of the wire with its reduced diameter are determined in three dimensions by means of the force measuring device.
  • the wire is drawn through the drawing die, in particular with an inclined wire outlet, that is, with a wire outlet direction that is not an extension of the wire inlet direction.
  • the position and / or orientation of the draw box can be adjusted by means of an adjusting device.
  • a control device is advantageously provided which, by means of the force measuring device, compares drawing forces determined in three dimensions with predetermined target drawing forces for a desired inclined wire runout. On the basis of the comparison, the position and / or orientation of the draw box are then adjusted by means of the adjusting device in order to adjust the pulling forces determined by means of the force measuring device to the predetermined target pulling forces.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a force measuring device according to the invention with a drawing die and a drawing wire
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a force measuring device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 in (a) and (b) an illustration of the stresses or deformations of the force measuring device of FIG. 2 with forces introduced independently of one another in the y-direction and z-direction,
  • FIG. 4 shows a modification of the force measuring device of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a force measuring device according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, in (a) in cross section and in (b) in plan view,
  • FIG. 6 shows a specific embodiment of the force measuring device of FIG. 4 in a top view
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a system for wire drawing with an inclined wire outlet with a force measuring device of the type described.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a force measuring device 10 according to the invention, which is arranged between a drawing die 20 and a housing wall 22 of a drawing box.
  • a wire 30, which runs into the drawing die from a wire inlet direction 40 is passed through the tapering opening 24 of the drawing die 20 drawn and thereby reduced the diameter of the wire.
  • the wire outflow direction 42 does not represent an extension of the wire infeed direction 40, but rather runs a few degrees at an angle to the wire infeed direction 40.
  • the diameter-reduced wire is given a slight pre-bend in particular, which enables easier winding.
  • the axial direction of the force measuring device 10 defined by the wire inlet direction 40 is referred to as the z-direction, and the directions perpendicular to it are referred to as the x and y directions.
  • the x-direction is parallel to the floor and, in the illustration of FIG. 1, points into the plane of the paper, while the y-direction points vertically upwards.
  • the force measuring device 10 now comprises a force introduction element 12 for force introduction from the drawing die 20 and an axially spaced-apart support element 14 for absorbing the forces, for example on the housing wall 22 of the drawing case.
  • the force introduction element 12 and the support element 14 have concentrically arranged passage openings through which the wire 30 passes during wire drawing.
  • the force measuring device 10 has a plurality of connecting elements 16 that are deformable in three dimensions, which connect the force introduction element 12 and the axially spaced support element 14 and which are provided with a plurality of measuring elements 18 with which the deformations generated by the pulling forces of the wire 30 of the connecting elements 16 can be detected in three dimensions.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the invention in which the force measuring device 50 has a force introduction disk 52 with a passage opening for the pull wire and one axially from the disk 52 spaced support ring 54 contains.
  • the connecting elements are formed by four cuboid connecting bars 56 with a square cross-section, which are arranged at equal angular intervals along the circumference of the support ring 54 and extend with their longitudinal axis in the axial direction of the force measuring device, i.e. parallel to the z-axis.
  • the connecting bars 56 are oriented with their side surfaces 60 parallel to one another, so that the side surfaces 60 in the undeformed state of the connecting bars 56 extend parallel either to the x-z plane or to the y-z plane.
  • the measuring elements are formed by a plurality of strain gauges 58, which, as explained in more detail below, are each arranged at the points of the connecting beams 56 at which mechanical stresses generated by only a single direction of force occur when the force is introduced.
  • strain gauges 58 are each arranged at the points of the connecting beams 56 at which mechanical stresses generated by only a single direction of force occur when the force is introduced.
  • FIG. 3 shows the stresses or deformations of the force measuring device 50 with forces introduced independently of one another in the y direction (FIG. 3 a) or z direction (FIG. 3 b).
  • the deformations are shown as usual with greatly exaggerated amplitudes.
  • the effect of one only in x- results from the illustration in FIG. 3a by rotating 90 about the z-axis.
  • neutral points 66 can be found in a central region on all side surfaces 60 of the connecting bars 56, at which no or only minimal stresses occur both when force is introduced in the x-direction and when force is introduced in the y-direction.
  • these points 66 show maximum compression when force is introduced only in the z-direction, as illustrated in FIG. 3b, so that strain gauges are advantageously provided there for measuring the z-component of the pulling force.
  • strain gauges are arranged at points 62, 64 and 66 of the connecting beams 56, the recorded expansions and compressions are each a measure of the magnitude of the force components in the x direction (points 64) and in the y direction (points 62) or in the z-direction (digits 66). Since the various force components are thus already recorded mechanically decoupled, the further processing and evaluation of the measured values to determine the tensile force in three dimensions can be carried out particularly easily and reliably.
  • the introduction of force in the z-direction can be measured not only when the connecting elements are compressed, but also when they are stretched, as shown in the modification of FIG. 4.
  • the force measuring device 90 shown there the sequence of force introduction element and support element in the axial direction is reversed with respect to the configuration in FIG. 1. More precisely, the force measuring device 90 comprises a force introduction element 92 for introducing force from the drawing die 20 and a support element 94, which is arranged axially spaced apart, for absorbing the forces, for example on the housing wall 22 of the drawing case.
  • the force measuring device 90 further comprises a plurality of three-dimensionally deformable connecting elements 96 which connect the force introduction element 92 and the axially spaced support element 94 through an opening 26 in the housing wall 22 and which are provided with a plurality of measuring elements 98 with which the through the deformations of the connecting elements 96 produced by the pulling forces of the wire 30 can be detected in three dimensions.
  • FIG. 5 shows a force measuring device 70 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the force measuring device 70 contains a force introduction element 72 and a support element 74, which are arranged radially spaced apart and concentric to one another, as shown schematically in FIG. 5a in cross section and in FIG. 5b in plan view.
  • the force introduction element 72 and the support element 74 have concentrically arranged passage openings through which the wire 30 runs during wire drawing.
  • the force introduction element 72 and the support element 74 are connected via one or more connecting elements 76, with a plurality of measuring devices 78 being arranged on the connecting elements 76, with which the deformations of the connecting elements 76 generated by the pulling forces of the wire 30 can be recorded in three dimensions.
  • FIG. 6 shows a plan view of a specific embodiment of the force measuring device 70 of FIG. 5, in which the connecting elements are formed by four cuboid connecting bars 76 with a square cross section, which radially connect an inner force introduction ring 72 and an outer support ring 74.
  • the front surfaces 80 of the connecting beams 76 extend parallel to the x-y plane in the undeformed state, while the side surfaces are oriented alternately parallel to the x-z or y-z plane.
  • a plurality of strain gauges 78 are provided on the front surfaces 80 and the side surfaces of the connecting beams 76, with which, as in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, only the mechanical stresses in the connecting beams 76 generated by one direction of force can be detected.
  • the force measuring devices according to the invention can be used not only with stationary drawing dies, but also with rotating drawing dies. As a result of the rotation, in particular, more uniform wear of the drawing dies can be achieved.
  • the drawing die In the case of a rotating drawing die, the tensile force cannot be passed directly from the drawing die into the force introduction element, but the drawing die is arranged, for example, in a rotatable sleeve from which the drawing force is transmitted via a roller bearing to the force introduction element of the force measuring device.
  • a force measuring device can advantageously be used in a system 100 for wire drawing with an inclined wire outlet, as illustrated schematically in FIG. 7.
  • the system 100 represents a control system with which the inclined wire run-out can be automatically regulated in such a way that a defined, preselected deformation of the run-out wire occurs.
  • the system 100 contains a draw box 102 with a drawing die 20 for reducing the diameter, a drawing wire 30, as well as a force measuring device 10 arranged between the drawing die 20 and a housing wall 22 of the drawing box 102, for example a force measuring device of the type described in connection with FIGS Art described in more detail.
  • the system 100 further contains an adjusting device 104 for adjusting the position and / or orientation of the drawing box 102, which works for example with stepper motors or DC motors with worm drive.
  • a regulating device 106 is provided in the system 100, which receives the signals supplied by the strain gauges of the force measuring device 10 and evaluates the drawing forces F w acting on the outgoing pull wire 30 in three dimensions
  • the control device 106 compares the pulling forces F WX , F w , y determined by means of the force measuring device 10 in the x and y directions with predetermined pulling forces F SO II, X , F SO ii, y for the desired inclined wire outlet for the wire type used. These target pulling forces depend on the type of wire used and are determined in advance and are stored in the control device, for example.
  • the control device 106 then adjusts the position and / or orientation of the draw box 102 based on the comparison result by means of the adjustment device 104 in order to adjust the x and y components of the detected pulling forces F w to the predetermined target pulling forces F SO H in these directions and thereby the to regulate the desired inclined outlet angle.
  • the system 100 can also be equipped with a force measuring device of the type shown in FIGS.
  • a rotatable drawing die can also be provided and the flow of force from the drawing die can run via a rotatable sleeve of the drawing die and a roller bearing into the force introduction element of the force measuring device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a force measuring device (10) for detecting drawing forces acting on a drawn item (30) in three dimensions, comprising a force introduction element (12) and a supporting element (14) arranged spaced apart therefrom, each of said elements having a passage opening for the drawn item (30), one or more connecting elements (16) which are deformable in three dimensions and connect the force introduction element (12) and the supporting element (14), and a plurality of measuring elements (18) arranged on the connecting elements (16) for detection of the deformations of the connecting elements (16) produced by the drawing forces in three dimensions. The invention further relates to a system (100) for wire drawing with an oblique wire outlet having such a force measuring device, to the use of the force measuring device and to a method for detecting drawing forces acting on a drawn wire in three dimensions.

Description

Kraftmesseinrichtung zur Messung von Ziehkräften beim Drahtziehen Force measuring device for measuring drawing forces during wire drawing
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kraftmesseinrichtung zur Erfassung von Ziehkräften auf ein Ziehgut und dabei insbesondere die Messung von Ziehkräften beim Drahtziehen. Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein System zum Drahtziehen mit einer solchen Kraftmesseinrichtung, die Verwendung der Kraftmesseinrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Erfassung von Ziehkräften auf einen Ziehdraht in drei Dimensionen. The invention relates to a force measuring device for detecting drawing forces on a drawn material and in particular the measurement of drawing forces during wire drawing. The invention also relates to a system for wire drawing with such a force measuring device, the use of the force measuring device and a method for detecting drawing forces on a pull wire in three dimensions.
Beim Drahtziehen wird ein Rohdraht mittels eines Capstans durch eine sich verjüngende Öffnung eines in einem Ziehkasten angeordneten Ziehsteins gezogen und dabei der Ausgangsdurchmesser des Rohdrahts ohne Materialverlust reduziert. Je nach Anforderung können auch mehrere aufeinanderfolgen- de Ziehvorgänge mit sukzessive kleiner werdenden Ziehdüsen erforderlich sein, um einen gewünschten Fertigdurchmesser des Drahts zu erreichen. In wire drawing, a raw wire is drawn by means of a capstan through a tapering opening of a drawing die arranged in a drawing box and the starting diameter of the raw wire is reduced without any loss of material. Depending on the requirements, several successive drawing processes with successively smaller drawing nozzles may be necessary in order to achieve a desired finished diameter of the wire.
Dabei ist es wünschenswert, die beim Ziehvorgang auftretenden Kräfte und Temperaturen messen zu können, um Rückschlüsse auf den Verschleiß des Ziehsteins, fehlendes Schmiermittel und andere Fehlerzustände ziehen zu können. Bei manchen Anwendungen ist es darüber hinaus wünschenswert, einen schrägen Drahtauslauf des Drahts aus dem Ziehkasten einstellen zu können, beispielsweise um ein leichteres Aufwickeln des durch den schrägen Auslauf leicht vorgebogenen Drahts zu ermöglichen. It is desirable to be able to measure the forces and temperatures occurring during the drawing process in order to be able to draw conclusions about the wear of the drawing die, lack of lubricant and other error states. In some applications it is also desirable to be able to set an inclined wire outlet for the wire from the draw box, for example in order to enable the wire, which has been slightly pre-bent through the inclined outlet, to be wound up more easily.
Aus der Druckschrift EP 0012992 A1 ist eine Mehrfachdrahtziehmaschine mit einer Mehrzahl von aufeinanderfolgenden Ziehsteinen bekannt. Gegenstand der Druckschrift ist eine Verbesserung von Maschinen mit sogenannter Gegenzugregelung, die einen im wesentlichen geradlinigen Drahtlauf von einer Ziehscheibe zur nächsten aufweisen. Erfasst werden die Ziehkräfte nur in der Richtung des geradlinigen Drahtlaufs, also nur in einer Dimension. Die Druckschrift US 3,240,055 A offenbart eine Kraftmesseinrichtung mit einem Abstützelement und einem Kompressionselement in Form eines Rohres. In einem Zwischenraum zwischen diesen Elementen sind Dehnmessstreifen angeordnet, die eine Dehnung des Elements als Folge seiner Verlängerung liefern. Temperatureinflüsse können mit kompensierenden Dehnmessstreifen kompensiert werden. Das genannte Kompressionselement ist auf Verformung in nur einer Richtung, nämlich der Zugrichtung ausgelegt, so dass Ziehkräfte nur in einer Dimension gemessen werden können. A multiple wire drawing machine with a plurality of successive drawing dies is known from the document EP 0012992 A1. The subject of the document is an improvement of machines with so-called counter-tension control, which have an essentially straight wire path from one drawing disk to the next. The drawing forces are only recorded in the direction of the straight wire run, i.e. only in one dimension. The document US Pat. No. 3,240,055 A discloses a force measuring device with a support element and a compression element in the form of a tube. In an interspace between these elements, strain gauges are arranged, which provide an expansion of the element as a result of its elongation. Temperature influences can be compensated with compensating strain gauges. Said compression element is designed for deformation in only one direction, namely the direction of pull, so that pulling forces can only be measured in one dimension.
Die Druckschrift US 4770049 A betrifft eine Kraftmessvorrichtung zur Erfassung einer axialen Last, also von Kräften in einer Dimension. Die beiden Endflächen der Kraftmesseinrichtung bleiben aufgrund ihrer Auslegung beim Anlegen einer axialen Druck- oder Zugbelastung zueinander parallel. Aus dem Signal von entlang des Umfangs angebrachten Dehnmessstreifen kann dann die Stärke einer axialen Belastung abgeleitet werden. Neben primären Dehnungsmessstreifen ist auch eine Anordnung sekundärer Dehnungsmessstreifen vorgesehen, mit der sekundäre Verzerrungen des Elements kompensiert werden können, welche durch T emperaturänderungen oder andere, nicht durch die axiale Last erzeugte Einflüsse hervorgerufen werden. The document US 4770049 A relates to a force measuring device for detecting an axial load, that is, forces in one dimension. Due to their design, the two end faces of the force measuring device remain parallel to one another when an axial compressive or tensile load is applied. The strength of an axial load can then be derived from the signal from strain gauges attached along the circumference. In addition to primary strain gauges, an arrangement of secondary strain gauges is also provided, with which secondary distortions of the element can be compensated, which are caused by temperature changes or other influences not generated by the axial load.
Die Druckschrift DE 100 55933 A1 betrifft einen Aufnehmer zum Messen von Belastungen, der einen rotationssymmetrischen Messkörper aufweist, der zwischen einem Krafteinleitungselement und einem Kraftausleitungselement Messstege mit Dehnmessstreifen aufweist, welche in Form von Scherkraftaufnehmern ausgebildet sind. Der Aufnehmer ist zur Erfassung von Zug- und Druckkräften, also von Kräften in einer Dimension ausgelegt. Die Belastungsrichtung der Krafteinleitung und Kraftausleitung entspricht dabei der Rotationssymmetrieachse des Aufnehmers. Als Besonderheit sind die Messstege als Scherkraftaufnehmer ausgebildet, bei denen die Messgitterachsen der Dehnungsmessstreifen in Belastungsrichtung liegen. Die Krafteinleitung erfolgt exakt in Richtung der Messgitterachsen, so dass Scherkräfte wie beispielswei- se Biegemomente kompensiert werden. Auch andere Störkräfte werden durch die Anordnung und Verschaltung der Dehnmessstreifen kompensiert. The document DE 100 55933 A1 relates to a transducer for measuring loads, which has a rotationally symmetrical measuring body, which has measuring webs with strain gauges, which are designed in the form of shear force transducers, between a force introduction element and a force discharge element. The transducer is designed to record tensile and compressive forces, i.e. forces in one dimension. The load direction of the introduction and discharge of force corresponds to the rotational symmetry axis of the transducer. As a special feature, the measuring bars are designed as shear force transducers, in which the measuring grid axes of the strain gauges lie in the direction of the load. The force is introduced exactly in the direction of the measuring grid axes, so that shear forces such as se bending moments are compensated. Other interference forces are also compensated for by the arrangement and connection of the strain gauges.
Hier setzt die Erfindung an. Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde eine Kraftmesseinrichtung bereitzustellen, mit der die Ziehkräfte auf ein Ziehgut, insbesondere die beim Drahtziehen auftretenden Ziehkräfte erfasst werden können. Idealerweise sollen Ziehkräfte in drei Dimensionen, wie sie bei einem schrägen Drahtauslauf beim Drahtziehen auftreten, erfasst werden können. Die Erfindung soll auch ein System zum Drahtziehen mit schrägem Drahtauslauf und ein zugehöriges Verfahren bereitstellen. This is where the invention comes in. The invention, as it is characterized in the claims, is based on the object of providing a force measuring device with which the drawing forces on a drawn material, in particular the drawing forces occurring during wire drawing, can be detected. Ideally, it should be possible to record drawing forces in three dimensions, such as those that occur with an inclined wire runout during wire drawing. The invention is also intended to provide an inclined wire runout system for wire drawing and an associated method.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche. This object is achieved by the features of the independent claims. Developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung stellt eine Kraftmesseinrichtung zur Erfassung von Ziehkräften auf ein Ziehgut in drei Dimensionen bereit, die insbesondere der Erfassung der beim Drahtziehen auf einen Ziehdraht in drei Dimensionen wirkenden Ziehkräfte dienen kann. The invention provides a force measuring device for detecting drawing forces on a drawing material in three dimensions, which can in particular serve to detect the drawing forces acting on a drawing wire in three dimensions during wire drawing.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftmesseinrichtung enthält ein Krafteinleitungselement und ein beabstandet angeordnetes Abstützelement, welche jeweils eine Durchtrittsöffnung für das Ziehgut aufweisen, sowie ein oder mehrere, in drei Dimensionen verformbare Verbindungelemente, die das Krafteinleitungselement und das Abstützelement verbinden. The force measuring device according to the invention contains a force introduction element and a spaced-apart support element, each of which has a passage opening for the drawn material, as well as one or more connecting elements deformable in three dimensions that connect the force introduction element and the support element.
Die Kraftmesseinrichtung enthält ferner eine Mehrzahl von auf den Verbindungelementen angeordneten Messelementen zur Erfassung der durch die Ziehkräfte erzeugten Verformungen der Verbindungselemente in drei Dimensionen. Mit einer Erfassung von Ziehkräften in drei Dimensionen ist insbesondere gemeint, dass nicht nur eine Ziehkraft in einer axialen Hauptrichtung (erste Dimension, nachfolgend oft auch als z-Richtung bezeichnet) erfasst werden kann, sondern auch die Ziehkräfte in der zu der axialen Hauptrichtung senkrechten Ebene erfasst werden können (zweite und dritte Dimension, nachfolgend oft auch als x- bzw. y-Richtung bezeichnet). The force measuring device also contains a plurality of measuring elements arranged on the connecting elements for recording the deformations of the connecting elements generated by the pulling forces in three dimensions. Detection of pulling forces in three dimensions means, in particular, that not only a pulling force in one main axial direction (first dimension, hereinafter also often referred to as the z-direction) is detected can, but also the pulling forces can be detected in the plane perpendicular to the main axial direction (second and third dimension, hereinafter often also referred to as the x and y direction).
Auch wenn grundsätzlich eine Ausgestaltung mit nur einem Verbindungselement möglich ist, sind vorteilhaft mehrere, insbesondere zwei, vier, sechs oder acht Verbindungselemente vorgesehen. Ein allgemeine Bezugnahme auf Verbindungselemente schließt nachfolgend stets die Variante nur eines Verbindungselements ein. Even if a configuration with only one connecting element is possible in principle, several, in particular two, four, six or eight connecting elements are advantageously provided. A general reference to connecting elements below always includes the variant of only one connecting element.
Die genannten Verbindungselemente sind mit Vorteil S-förmig verbiegbar, insbesondere sind die Verbindungselemente mit besonderem Vorteil in x- und y- Richtung S-förmig verbiegbar und in z-Richtung dehnbar oder stauchbar. Als z-Richtung wird dabei die axiale Hauptrichtung der Kraftmesseinrichtung bezeichnet, die x- und y-Richtung stehen auf dieser axialen Hauptrichtung senkrecht. The connecting elements mentioned can advantageously be bent in an S-shape, in particular the connecting elements can be bent in an S-shape in the x and y directions and are expandable or compressible in the z direction. The main axial direction of the force measuring device is referred to as the z-direction; the x and y directions are perpendicular to this main axial direction.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung sind die Verbindungselemente durch eine Mehrzahl von Verbindungsbalken mit polygonalem Querschnitt gebildet. Die Verbindungsbalken sind dabei zweckmäßig in gleichen Winkelabständen entlang eines Umfangs des Krafteinleitungselements bzw. des Abstützelements angeordnet. Insbesondere können die Verbindungselemente durch eine Mehrzahl von quaderförmigen Verbindungsbalken mit rechteckigem, insbesondere quadratischem Querschnitt gebildet sein. Die genannten Messelemente sind dabei vorteilhaft auf den Seitenflächen der quaderförmigen Verbindungsbalken angeordnet. In an advantageous embodiment, the connecting elements are formed by a plurality of connecting bars with a polygonal cross section. The connecting bars are expediently arranged at the same angular intervals along a circumference of the force introduction element or the support element. In particular, the connecting elements can be formed by a plurality of cuboid connecting bars with a rectangular, in particular a square cross-section. The mentioned measuring elements are advantageously arranged on the side surfaces of the cuboid connecting beams.
Mit besonderem Vorteil sind die Messelemente jeweils an Stellen der Verbindungelemente angeordnet, an denen nur von einer Kraftrichtung erzeugte mechanische Spannungen auftreten, also nur von Kräften in x-, y- oder z- Richtung erzeugte mechanische Spannungen. Dadurch werden die Kraftkomponenten der Zieh kraft mechanisch entkoppelt und können besonders einfach und zuverlässig erfasst werden. Die Messelemente sind insbesondere durch Dehnmesstreifen gebildet, deren Dehnung ein Maß für die wirkende Kraft ist. It is particularly advantageous for the measuring elements to be arranged in each case at points on the connecting elements at which mechanical stresses generated by only one direction of force occur, that is to say mechanical stresses only generated by forces in the x, y or z direction. As a result, the force components of the pulling force are mechanically decoupled and can be used particularly easily and reliably recorded. The measuring elements are in particular formed by strain gauges, the expansion of which is a measure of the force acting.
In einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung ist das Krafteinleitungselement und/oder das Abstützelement in Form einer Scheibe mit einer Durchtrittsöffnung für das Ziehgut ausgebildet. Ebenfalls zweckmäßig können das Krafteinleitungselement und/oder das Abstützelement in Form eines schmalen Rings mit einer Durchtrittsöffnung für das Ziehgut ausgebildet sein. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist das Krafteinleitungselement in Form einer Scheibe und das Abstützelement in Form eines schmalen Rings, beide mit einer Durchtrittsöffnung für das Ziehgut, ausgebildet. Die Durchtrittsöffnungen von Krafteinleitungselement und Abstützelement sind mit Vorteil konzentrisch und gegebenenfalls axial voneinander beabstandet angeordnet. In an expedient embodiment, the force introduction element and / or the support element is designed in the form of a disk with a passage opening for the drawn material. It is also expedient for the force introduction element and / or the support element to be designed in the form of a narrow ring with a passage opening for the drawn material. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the force introduction element is designed in the form of a disk and the support element in the form of a narrow ring, both with a passage opening for the drawn material. The passage openings of the force introduction element and the support element are advantageously arranged concentrically and, if necessary, axially spaced from one another.
Das Krafteinleitungselement und das Abstützelement sind in einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung in radialer Richtung beabstandet und dabei insbesondere konzentrisch angeordnet. Gegenwärtig ist allerdings besonders bevorzugt, dass das Krafteinleitungselement und das Abstützelement nicht in radialer, sondern in axialer Richtung beabstandet sind und dass sich die Verbindungselemente ebenfalls in axialer Richtung erstrecken. Da die Schrägstellung des Ziehguts beim Ziehvorgang in der Regel relativ gering ist und typischerweise nur wenige Grad beträgt, wirken die größten Kräfte auf die Verbindungselemente in axialer Richtung -sich axial erstreckende Verbindungselemente bieten dann den Vorteil, dass die Richtung, in der die größten Kräfte wirken, mit der Richtung der größten Stabilität der Verbindungselemente zusammenfällt. The force introduction element and the support element are spaced apart in the radial direction in an expedient embodiment and are in particular arranged concentrically. At the moment, however, it is particularly preferred that the force introduction element and the support element are spaced apart not in the radial but in the axial direction and that the connecting elements also extend in the axial direction. Since the inclination of the drawn material during the drawing process is usually relatively small and typically only a few degrees, the greatest forces act on the connecting elements in the axial direction - axially extending connecting elements then offer the advantage that the direction in which the greatest forces act , coincides with the direction of greatest stability of the connecting elements.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die Kraftmesseinrichtung eine Drahtzieh-Kraftmesseinrichtung zur Erfassung von Ziehkräften auf einen Ziehdraht in drei Dimensionen. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the force measuring device is a wire drawing force measuring device for detecting drawing forces on a pull wire in three dimensions.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftmesseinrichtung erlaubt eine Erfassung von Ziehkräften in drei Dimensionen, wie sie insbesondere beim Drahtziehen mit schrägem Drahtauslauf auftreten. Anders als Kraftmesseinrichtungen, die nur die axiale Kraftkomponente der auf den Draht wirkenden Ziehkräfte messen können, liefert die erfindungsgemäße Kraftmesseinrichtung zusätzlich Informationen über die Richtung des Drahtauslaufs bei einem schrägen Ziehvorgang. Sie kann daher mit besonderem Vorteil zur kontrollierten Einstellung eines gewünschten schrägen Drahtauslaufs eingesetzt werden. The force measuring device according to the invention allows drawing forces to be recorded in three dimensions, as they occur in particular when drawing a wire inclined wire runout occur. In contrast to force measuring devices, which can only measure the axial force component of the drawing forces acting on the wire, the force measuring device according to the invention also provides information about the direction of the wire run-out during an oblique drawing process. It can therefore be used with particular advantage for the controlled setting of a desired inclined wire outlet.
Hierzu enthält die Erfindung weiter ein System zum Drahtziehen mit schrägem Drahtauslauf. Das genannte System enthält einen Ziehkasten mit einem Ziehstein zur Reduzierung des Durchmessers eines Ziehdrahts, und eine zwischen dem Ziehstein und einer Gehäusewand des Ziehkastens angeordnete Kraftmesseinrichtung der beschriebenen Art. To this end, the invention further includes a system for wire drawing with an inclined wire outlet. Said system contains a drawing box with a drawing die for reducing the diameter of a drawing wire, and a force measuring device of the type described arranged between the drawing die and a housing wall of the drawing box.
Das System enthält weiter eine Verstelleinrichtung zum Verstellen von Lage und/oder Orientierung des Ziehkastens, sowie eine Regelungseinrichtung, die eingerichtet und ausgelegt ist, mittels der genannten Kraftmesseinrichtung die Ziehkräfte des in seinem Durchmesser reduzierten Drahts in drei Dimensionen zu bestimmen, die mittels der Kraftmesseinrichtung bestimmten Ziehkräfte mit vorbestimmten Sollziehkräften für einen gewünschten schrägen Drahtauslauf zu vergleichen, und auf Grundlage des Vergleichs die Lage und/oder Orientierung des Ziehkastens mittels der Verstelleinrichtung nachzuführen, um die mittels der Kraftmesseinrichtung bestimmten Ziehkräfte den vorbestimmten Sollziehkräften anzugleichen. The system also contains an adjusting device for adjusting the position and / or orientation of the draw box, as well as a control device which is set up and designed to determine the drawing forces of the wire with the reduced diameter in three dimensions by means of the force measuring device, which are determined by means of the force measuring device To compare pulling forces with predetermined target pulling forces for a desired inclined wire outlet, and based on the comparison, to track the position and / or orientation of the pulling box by means of the adjusting device in order to adjust the pulling forces determined by means of the force measuring device to the predetermined target pulling forces.
Zweckmäßig enthält die Verstelleinrichtung einen oder mehrere Schrittmotoren oder einen oder mehrere DC-Motoren mit Schneckengetriebe, mit denen die Lage und/oder Orientierung des Ziehkastens verstellt werden kann. The adjusting device expediently contains one or more stepper motors or one or more DC motors with worm gears, with which the position and / or orientation of the drawing box can be adjusted.
Die Erfindung enthält weiter die Verwendung einer Kraftmesseinrichtung der beschriebnen Art zur Erfassung von Ziehkräften auf ein Ziehgut in drei Dimensionen, nämlich der Ziehkraft in einer axialen Hauptrichtung der Kraftmessein- richtung und der Ziehkräfte in einer zur axialen Hauptrichtung senkrechten Ebene. The invention further includes the use of a force measuring device of the type described for detecting drawing forces on a drawing material in three dimensions, namely the drawing force in a main axial direction of the force measuring device. direction and the pulling forces in a plane perpendicular to the main axial direction.
Die Erfindung enthält schließlich auch ein Verfahren zur Erfassung von Ziehkräften auf einen Ziehdraht in drei Dimensionen, bei dem ein Ziehkasten mit einem Ziehstein zur Reduzierung des Durchmessers eines Ziehdrahts bereitgestellt wird, Finally, the invention also includes a method for detecting drawing forces on a drawing wire in three dimensions, in which a drawing box with a drawing die is provided to reduce the diameter of a drawing wire,
- zwischen dem Ziehstein und einer Gehäusewand des Ziehkastens eine Kraftmesseinrichtung der beschriebenen Art angeordnet wird, und- A force measuring device of the type described is arranged between the drawing die and a housing wall of the drawing box, and
- ein Draht durch den Ziehstein gezogen wird und dabei mittels der Kraftmesseinrichtung die Ziehkräfte des in seinem Durchmesser reduzierten Drahts in drei Dimensionen bestimmt werden. - A wire is drawn through the drawing die and the drawing forces of the wire with its reduced diameter are determined in three dimensions by means of the force measuring device.
Der Draht wird dabei insbesondere mit schrägem Drahtauslauf durch den Ziehstein gezogen, also mit einer Drahtauslaufrichtung, die nicht eine Verlängerung der Drahteinlaufrichtung darstellt. The wire is drawn through the drawing die, in particular with an inclined wire outlet, that is, with a wire outlet direction that is not an extension of the wire inlet direction.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Verfahrensführung können Lage und/oder Orientierung des Ziehkastens mittels einer Verstelleinrichtung verstellt werden. Weiter ist vorteilhaft eine Regelungseinrichtung vorgesehen, die mittels der Kraftmesseinrichtung bestimmten Ziehkräfte in drei Dimensionen mit vorbestimmten Sollziehkräften für einen gewünschten schrägen Drahtauslauf vergleicht. Auf Grundlage des Vergleichs werden dann die Lage und/oder Orientierung des Ziehkastens mittels der Verstelleinrichtung nachgeführt, um die mittels der Kraftmesseinrichtung bestimmten Ziehkräfte den vorbestimmten Sollziehkräften anzugleichen. In an advantageous procedure, the position and / or orientation of the draw box can be adjusted by means of an adjusting device. Furthermore, a control device is advantageously provided which, by means of the force measuring device, compares drawing forces determined in three dimensions with predetermined target drawing forces for a desired inclined wire runout. On the basis of the comparison, the position and / or orientation of the draw box are then adjusted by means of the adjusting device in order to adjust the pulling forces determined by means of the force measuring device to the predetermined target pulling forces.
Weitere Ausführungsbeispiele sowie Vorteile der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren erläutert, bei deren Darstellung auf eine maßstabs- und proportionsgetreue Wiedergabe verzichtet wurde, um die Anschaulichkeit zu erhöhen. Es zeigen: Further exemplary embodiments as well as advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the figures, in the representation of which a representation true to scale and proportion was dispensed with in order to increase the clarity. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kraftmesseinrichtung mit Ziehstein und Ziehdraht, 1 shows a schematic representation of a force measuring device according to the invention with a drawing die and a drawing wire,
Fig. 2 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, 2 shows a perspective view of a force measuring device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 3 in (a) und (b) eine Illustration der Spannungen bzw. Verformungen der Kraftmesseinrichtung der Fig. 2 bei unabhängig voneinander eingeleiteten Kräften in y-Richtung bzw. z-Richtung, FIG. 3 in (a) and (b) an illustration of the stresses or deformations of the force measuring device of FIG. 2 with forces introduced independently of one another in the y-direction and z-direction,
Fig. 4 eine Abwandlung der Kraftmesseinrichtung der Fig. 1 , FIG. 4 shows a modification of the force measuring device of FIG. 1,
Fig. 5 eine schematische Darstellung einer Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, in (a) im Querschnitt und in (b) in Aufsicht, 5 shows a schematic representation of a force measuring device according to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, in (a) in cross section and in (b) in plan view,
Fig. 6 eine konkrete Ausgestaltung der Kraftmesseinrichtung der Fig. 4 in Aufsicht, und 6 shows a specific embodiment of the force measuring device of FIG. 4 in a top view, and
Fig. 7 schematisch ein System zum Drahtziehen mit schrägem Drahtauslauf mit einer Kraftmesseinrichtung der beschriebenen Art. 7 schematically shows a system for wire drawing with an inclined wire outlet with a force measuring device of the type described.
Die Erfindung wird nun am Beispiel einer Kraftmesseinrichtung zur Messung von Ziehkräften beim Drahtziehen in drei Dimensionen erläutert. Figur 1 zeigt hierzu eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kraftmesseinrichtung 10, die zwischen einem Ziehstein 20 und einer Gehäusewand 22 eines Ziehkastens angeordnet ist. The invention will now be explained using the example of a force measuring device for measuring drawing forces during wire drawing in three dimensions. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a force measuring device 10 according to the invention, which is arranged between a drawing die 20 and a housing wall 22 of a drawing box.
Beim Drahtziehen wird ein Draht 30, der aus einer Drahteinlaufrichtung 40 in den Ziehstein einläuft, durch die sich verjüngende Öffnung 24 des Ziehsteins 20 gezogen und dabei der Durchmesser des Drahts reduziert. In manchen Anwendungen ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Drahtauslaufrichtung 42 nicht eine Verlängerung der Drahteinlaufrichtung 40 darstellt, sondern einige Grad schräg zur Drahteinlaufrichtung 40 verläuft. Durch die Schrägstellung erhält der durchmesserreduzierte Draht insbesondere eine leichte Vorbiegung, die ein leichteres Aufwickeln ermöglicht. During wire drawing, a wire 30, which runs into the drawing die from a wire inlet direction 40, is passed through the tapering opening 24 of the drawing die 20 drawn and thereby reduced the diameter of the wire. In some applications it is advantageous if the wire outflow direction 42 does not represent an extension of the wire infeed direction 40, but rather runs a few degrees at an angle to the wire infeed direction 40. As a result of the inclination, the diameter-reduced wire is given a slight pre-bend in particular, which enables easier winding.
Zur vollständigen Messung der beim schrägen Drahtziehen auftretenden Kräfte müssen die Ziehkräfte in drei Dimensionen erfasst werden. Dabei wird die durch die Drahteinlaufrichtung 40 definierte axiale Richtung der Kraftmesseinrichtung 10 als z-Richtung bezeichnet, die darauf senkrecht stehenden Richtungen als x- und y-Richtung. In der Ausgestaltung der Fig. 1 ist die x-Richtung parallel zum Boden und zeigt in der Darstellung der Fig. 1 in die Papierebene hinein, während die y-Richtung senkrecht nach oben zeigt. For a complete measurement of the forces occurring during inclined wire drawing, the drawing forces must be recorded in three dimensions. The axial direction of the force measuring device 10 defined by the wire inlet direction 40 is referred to as the z-direction, and the directions perpendicular to it are referred to as the x and y directions. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the x-direction is parallel to the floor and, in the illustration of FIG. 1, points into the plane of the paper, while the y-direction points vertically upwards.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kraftmesseinrichtung 10 umfasst nun ein Krafteinleitungselement 12 zur Krafteinleitung vom Ziehstein 20 und ein axial beab- standet angeordnetes Abstützelement 14 zur Aufnahme der Kräfte beispielsweise an der Gehäusewand 22 des Ziehkastens. Das Krafteinleitungselement 12 und das Abstützelement 14 weisen konzentrisch angeordnete Durchtrittsöffnungen auf, durch die der Draht 30 beim Drahtziehen durchläuft. The force measuring device 10 according to the invention now comprises a force introduction element 12 for force introduction from the drawing die 20 and an axially spaced-apart support element 14 for absorbing the forces, for example on the housing wall 22 of the drawing case. The force introduction element 12 and the support element 14 have concentrically arranged passage openings through which the wire 30 passes during wire drawing.
Als Besonderheit weist die Kraftmesseinrichtung 10 eine Mehrzahl von in drei Dimensionen verformbaren Verbindungelementen 16 auf, die das Krafteinleitungselement 12 und das axial beabstandete Abstützelement 14 verbinden und die mit einer Mehrzahl von Messelementen 18 versehen sind, mit denen die durch die Ziehkräfte des Drahts 30 erzeugten Verformungen der Verbindungselemente 16 in drei Dimensionen erfasst werden können. As a special feature, the force measuring device 10 has a plurality of connecting elements 16 that are deformable in three dimensions, which connect the force introduction element 12 and the axially spaced support element 14 and which are provided with a plurality of measuring elements 18 with which the deformations generated by the pulling forces of the wire 30 of the connecting elements 16 can be detected in three dimensions.
Figur 2 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung, bei dem die Kraftmesseinrichtung 50 eine Krafteinleitungsscheibe 52 mit einer Durchtrittsöffnung für den Ziehdraht und einen axial von der Scheibe 52 beabstandeten Abstützring 54 enthält. Die Verbindungselemente sind bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel durch vier quaderförmige Verbindungsbalken 56 mit quadratischem Querschnitt gebildet, die in gleichen Winkelabständen entlang des Umfangs des Abstützrings 54 angeordnet sind und sich mit ihrer Längsachse in axialer Richtung der Kraftmesseinrichtung, also parallel zur z-Achse erstrecken. Konkret sind die Verbindungsbalken 56 im Ausführungsbeispiel auf dem Umfang von Ring 54 und Scheibe 52 bei Winkeln a = 0°, 90°, 180°und 270°, ausgehend von der positiven x-Achse angeordnet. FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the invention in which the force measuring device 50 has a force introduction disk 52 with a passage opening for the pull wire and one axially from the disk 52 spaced support ring 54 contains. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the connecting elements are formed by four cuboid connecting bars 56 with a square cross-section, which are arranged at equal angular intervals along the circumference of the support ring 54 and extend with their longitudinal axis in the axial direction of the force measuring device, i.e. parallel to the z-axis. Specifically, the connecting bars 56 in the exemplary embodiment are arranged on the circumference of ring 54 and disk 52 at angles a = 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °, starting from the positive x-axis.
Die Verbindungsbalken 56 sind mit ihren Seitenflächen 60 parallel zueinander orientiert, so dass sich die Seitenflächen 60 im unverformten Zustand der Verbindungsbalken 56 parallel entweder zur x-z-Ebene oder zur y-z-Ebene erstrecken. The connecting bars 56 are oriented with their side surfaces 60 parallel to one another, so that the side surfaces 60 in the undeformed state of the connecting bars 56 extend parallel either to the x-z plane or to the y-z plane.
Die Messelemente sind im Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine Mehrzahl von Dehnmessstreifen 58 gebildet, die, wie nachfolgend genauer erläutert, jeweils an den Stellen der Verbindungsbalken 56 angeordnet sind, an denen bei der Krafteinleitung nur von einer einzigen Kraftrichtung erzeugte mechanische Spannungen auftreten. Dadurch können die verschiedenen Kraftrichtungen von den jeweils zugehörigen Dehnmessstreifen bereits bei der Messung getrennt erfasst werden und es entfällt die Notwendigkeit, die verschiedenen Kraftkomponenten nach der Erfassung in einer Auswerteeinheit elektronisch zu entkoppeln. Während eine elektronische Entkoppelung erfindungsgemäß ebenfalls möglich ist und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich vorgesehen sein kann, erlaubt die mechanische Entkoppelung eine besonderes einfache, gegen Störungen unempfindliche und robuste Erfassung der Kraftkomponenten. In the exemplary embodiment, the measuring elements are formed by a plurality of strain gauges 58, which, as explained in more detail below, are each arranged at the points of the connecting beams 56 at which mechanical stresses generated by only a single direction of force occur when the force is introduced. As a result, the different directions of force can already be recorded separately by the respective associated strain gauges during the measurement and there is no need to electronically decouple the various force components after recording in an evaluation unit. While an electronic decoupling is also possible according to the invention and, if necessary, can also be provided, the mechanical decoupling allows a particularly simple, robust detection of the force components that is insensitive to interference.
Zur Illustration dieser mechanischen Entkopplung sind in Fig. 3 die Spannungen bzw. Verformungen der Kraftmesseinrichtung 50 bei unabhängig voneinander eingeleiteten Kräften in y-Richtung (Fig. 3a) bzw. z-Richtung (Fig. 3b) gezeigt. Die Verformungen sind der klareren Darstellung halber wie üblich mit stark übertriebenen Amplituden dargestellt. Die Wirkung einer nur in x- Richtung eingeleiteten Kraft ergibt sich aus Symmetriegründen aus der Darstellung der Fig. 3a durch Drehung um 90 um die z-Achse. To illustrate this mechanical decoupling, FIG. 3 shows the stresses or deformations of the force measuring device 50 with forces introduced independently of one another in the y direction (FIG. 3 a) or z direction (FIG. 3 b). For the sake of clarity, the deformations are shown as usual with greatly exaggerated amplitudes. The effect of one only in x- For reasons of symmetry, the force introduced in the direction results from the illustration in FIG. 3a by rotating 90 about the z-axis.
Mit Bezug zunächst auf Fig. 3a wird bei einer Krafteinleitung in +y-Richtung der Abstützring 54 in +y-Richtung gegen die Krafteinleitungsscheibe 52 verschoben und die Verbindungsbalken 56 dadurch S-förmig in y-Richtung verbogen. Diese Verbiegung erzeugt an den zur x-z-Ebene parallelen Oberseiten und Unterseiten der Balken 56 angrenzend an die Scheibe 52 bzw. den Ring 54 jeweils Stellen 62 größter Dehnung bzw. Stauchung, an denen vorteilhaft Dehnmessstreifen für die Messung der y-Komponente der Ziehkraft vorgesehen werden. With reference initially to FIG. 3a, when a force is introduced in the + y direction, the support ring 54 is displaced in the + y direction against the force introduction disk 52 and the connecting bars 56 are bent in an S-shape in the y direction. This bending produces points 62 of greatest expansion or compression on the upper and lower sides of the bars 56 parallel to the xz plane, adjacent to the disk 52 or the ring 54, at which strain gauges are advantageously provided for measuring the y component of the pulling force .
An den zur y-z-Ebene parallelen Vorder- und Rückseiten der Balken 56 befinden sich angrenzend an die Scheibe 52 bzw. den Ring 54 jeweils neutrale Stellen 64, an denen bei Krafteinleitung in y-Richtung keine oder nur minimale Spannungen auftreten. Dagegen zeigen diese Stellen 64 bei Krafteinleitung nur in x-Richtung eine maximale Dehnung bzw. Stauchung, so dass dort vorteilhaft Dehnmessstreifen für die Messung der x-Komponente der Zieh kraft vorgesehen werden. On the front and rear sides of the bars 56 parallel to the y-z plane, there are in each case neutral points 64 adjacent to the disk 52 or the ring 54, at which no or only minimal stresses occur when force is introduced in the y direction. On the other hand, when force is introduced, these points 64 show a maximum expansion or compression only in the x direction, so that advantageously strain gauges are provided there for measuring the x component of the pulling force.
Weiter lassen sich an allen Seitenflächen 60 der Verbindungsbalken 56 in einem Mittenbereich neutrale Stellen 66 finden, an denen sowohl bei Krafteinleitung in x-Richtung als auch bei Krafteinleitung in y-Richtung keine oder nur minimale Spannungen auftreten. Diese Stellen 66 zeigen dagegen maximale Stauchung bei Krafteinleitung nur in z-Richtung, wie in Fig. 3b illustriert, so dass dort vorteilhaft Dehnmessstreifen für die Messung der z-Komponente der Ziehkraft vorgesehen werden. Furthermore, neutral points 66 can be found in a central region on all side surfaces 60 of the connecting bars 56, at which no or only minimal stresses occur both when force is introduced in the x-direction and when force is introduced in the y-direction. In contrast, these points 66 show maximum compression when force is introduced only in the z-direction, as illustrated in FIG. 3b, so that strain gauges are advantageously provided there for measuring the z-component of the pulling force.
Werden also wie beschrieben Dehnmessstreifen an den Stellen 62, 64 und 66 der Verbindungsbalken 56 angeordnet, so sind die erfassten Dehnungen und Stauchungen jeweils ein Maß für die Größe der Kraftkomponenten in x- Richtung (Stellen 64), in y-Richtung (Stellen 62) bzw. in z-Richtung (Stellen 66). Da die verschiedenen Kraftkomponenten somit bereits mechanisch entkoppelt erfasst werden, kann die Weiterverarbeitung und Auswertung der Messwerte zur Bestimmung der Zugkraft in drei Dimensionen besonders einfach und zuverlässig erfolgen. If, as described, strain gauges are arranged at points 62, 64 and 66 of the connecting beams 56, the recorded expansions and compressions are each a measure of the magnitude of the force components in the x direction (points 64) and in the y direction (points 62) or in the z-direction (digits 66). Since the various force components are thus already recorded mechanically decoupled, the further processing and evaluation of the measured values to determine the tensile force in three dimensions can be carried out particularly easily and reliably.
Die Krafteinleitung in z-Richtung kann nicht nur bei Stauchung, sondern auch bei Dehnung der Verbindungselemente gemessen werden, wie in der Abwandlung der Fig. 4 gezeigt. Bei der dort dargestellten Kraftmesseinrichtung 90 ist die Abfolge von Krafteinleitungselement und Abstützelement in axialer Richtung gegenüber der Gestaltung der Fig. 1 vertauscht. Genauer umfasst die Kraftmesseinrichtung 90 ein Krafteinleitungselement 92 zur Krafteinleitung vom Ziehstein 20 und ein axial beabstandet angeordnetes Abstützelement 94 zur Aufnahme der Kräfte beispielsweise an der Gehäusewand 22 des Ziehkastens. Die Kraftmesseinrichtung 90 umfasst weiter eine Mehrzahl von in drei Dimensionen verformbaren Verbindungelementen 96, die das Krafteinleitungselement 92 und das axial beabstandete Abstützelement 94 durch eine Öffnung 26 in der Gehäusewand 22 hindurch verbinden und die mit einer Mehrzahl von Messelementen 98 versehen sind, mit denen die durch die Ziehkräfte des Drahts 30 erzeugten Verformungen der Verbindungselemente 96 in drei Dimensionen erfasst werden können. The introduction of force in the z-direction can be measured not only when the connecting elements are compressed, but also when they are stretched, as shown in the modification of FIG. 4. In the force measuring device 90 shown there, the sequence of force introduction element and support element in the axial direction is reversed with respect to the configuration in FIG. 1. More precisely, the force measuring device 90 comprises a force introduction element 92 for introducing force from the drawing die 20 and a support element 94, which is arranged axially spaced apart, for absorbing the forces, for example on the housing wall 22 of the drawing case. The force measuring device 90 further comprises a plurality of three-dimensionally deformable connecting elements 96 which connect the force introduction element 92 and the axially spaced support element 94 through an opening 26 in the housing wall 22 and which are provided with a plurality of measuring elements 98 with which the through the deformations of the connecting elements 96 produced by the pulling forces of the wire 30 can be detected in three dimensions.
Wie in Fig. 4 ersichtlich, wirken auf die Verbindungselemente 96 beim Ziehen des Drahts 30 in Drahtauslaufrichtung 42 Kräfte in drei Dimensionen, wobei allerdings die Kraft in z-Richtung nicht wie bei Fig. 1 zu einer Stauchung, sondern zu einer Dehnung der Verbindungselemente 96 führt. As can be seen in FIG. 4, when the wire 30 is pulled in the wire run-out direction 42, forces act on the connecting elements 96 in three dimensions, although the force in the z-direction does not result in a compression, as in FIG. 1, but rather in an expansion of the connecting elements 96 leads.
Figur 5 zeigt eine Kraftmesseinrichtung 70 nach einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Die Kraftmesseinrichtung 70 enthält ein Krafteinleitungselement 72 und ein Abstützelement 74, die radial beabstandet und konzentrisch zueinander angeordnet sind, wie in Fig. 5a im Querschnitt und in Fig. 5b in Aufsicht schematisch gezeigt. Das Krafteinleitungselement 72 und das Abstützelement 74 weisen konzentrisch angeordnete Durchtrittsöffnungen auf, durch die der Draht 30 beim Drahtziehen läuft. FIG. 5 shows a force measuring device 70 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention. The force measuring device 70 contains a force introduction element 72 and a support element 74, which are arranged radially spaced apart and concentric to one another, as shown schematically in FIG. 5a in cross section and in FIG. 5b in plan view. The force introduction element 72 and the support element 74 have concentrically arranged passage openings through which the wire 30 runs during wire drawing.
Das Krafteinleitungselement 72 und das Abstützelement 74 sind über eine oder mehrere Verbindungselemente 76 verbunden, wobei auf den Verbindungselementen 76 eine Mehrzahl von Messeinrichtungen 78 angeordnet ist, mit denen die durch die Ziehkräfte des Drahts 30 erzeugten Verformungen der Verbindungselemente 76 in drei Dimensionen erfasst werden können. The force introduction element 72 and the support element 74 are connected via one or more connecting elements 76, with a plurality of measuring devices 78 being arranged on the connecting elements 76, with which the deformations of the connecting elements 76 generated by the pulling forces of the wire 30 can be recorded in three dimensions.
Figur 6 zeigt in Aufsicht eine konkrete Ausgestaltung der Kraftmesseinrichtung 70 der Fig. 5, bei welcher die Verbindungselemente durch vier quaderförmige Verbindungsbalken 76 mit quadratischem Querschnitt gebildet sind, die einen inneren Krafteinleitungsring 72 und einen äußeren Abstützrings 74 radial verbinden. Die Verbindungsbalken 76 sind in gleichen Winkelabständen entlang des Umfangs der Ringe 72, 74 angeordnet und erstrecken sich mit ihrer Längsachse jeweils in radialer Richtung der Kraftmesseinrichtung. Konkret befinden sich die Verbindungsbalken 76 auf dem Umfang bei a = 0°, 90°, 180°und 270°, ausgehend von der positiven x-Achse. FIG. 6 shows a plan view of a specific embodiment of the force measuring device 70 of FIG. 5, in which the connecting elements are formed by four cuboid connecting bars 76 with a square cross section, which radially connect an inner force introduction ring 72 and an outer support ring 74. The connecting bars 76 are arranged at equal angular intervals along the circumference of the rings 72, 74 and each extend with their longitudinal axis in the radial direction of the force measuring device. Specifically, the connecting bars 76 are located on the circumference at a = 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °, starting from the positive x-axis.
Wie in Fig. 6 erkennbar, erstrecken sich die Vorderflächen 80 der Verbindungsbalken 76 im unverformten Zustand parallel zur x-y-Ebene, während die Seitenflächen alternierend parallel zur x-z bzw. y-z-Ebene orientiert sind. As can be seen in FIG. 6, the front surfaces 80 of the connecting beams 76 extend parallel to the x-y plane in the undeformed state, while the side surfaces are oriented alternately parallel to the x-z or y-z plane.
Auf den Vorderflächen 80 und den Seitenflächen der Verbindungsbalken 76 ist eine Mehrzahl von Dehnmessstreifen 78 vorgesehen, mit denen, wie bei der Ausgestaltung der Figuren 2 und 3, jeweils nur die von einer Kraftrichtung erzeugten mechanischen Spannungen in den Verbindungsbalken 76 erfasst werden können. A plurality of strain gauges 78 are provided on the front surfaces 80 and the side surfaces of the connecting beams 76, with which, as in the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, only the mechanical stresses in the connecting beams 76 generated by one direction of force can be detected.
Wie erwähnt, sind allerdings nach gegenwärtigem Verständnis in den meisten Anwendungen Gestaltungen vorteilhaft, bei denen das Krafteinleitungselement und das Abstützelement in axialer Richtung beabstandet sind und bei denen sich die Verbindungselemente ebenfalls in axialer Richtung erstrecken, wie in den Figuren 1 bis 4 gezeigt, da dann die Richtung der größten Kräfte mit der Richtung der größten Stabilität der Verbindungselemente zusammenfällt. As mentioned, however, according to current understanding, designs are advantageous in most applications in which the force introduction element and the support element are spaced apart in the axial direction and in which the connecting elements also extend in the axial direction, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, since the direction of the greatest forces then coincides with the direction of the greatest stability of the connecting elements.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Kraftmesseinrichtungen können nicht nur bei ruhenden Ziehsteinen, sondern auch bei rotierenden Ziehsteinen eingesetzt werden. Durch die Rotation kann insbesondere eine gleichmäßigere Abnutzung der Ziehsteine erreicht werden. Bei einem rotierenden Ziehstein kann die Zugkraft nicht direkt vom Ziehstein in das Krafteinleitungselement geleitet werden, sondern der Ziehstein ist beispielsweise in einer drehbaren Hülse angeordnet, von der die Ziehkraft über ein Wälzlager auf das Krafteinleitungselement der Kraftmesseinrichtung übertragen wird. The force measuring devices according to the invention can be used not only with stationary drawing dies, but also with rotating drawing dies. As a result of the rotation, in particular, more uniform wear of the drawing dies can be achieved. In the case of a rotating drawing die, the tensile force cannot be passed directly from the drawing die into the force introduction element, but the drawing die is arranged, for example, in a rotatable sleeve from which the drawing force is transmitted via a roller bearing to the force introduction element of the force measuring device.
Eine Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einer der oben beschriebenen Varianten kann vorteilhaft in einem System 100 zum Drahtziehen mit schrägem Drahtauslauf eingesetzt werden, wie in Fig. 7 schematisch illustriert. Das System 100 stellt ein Regelsystem dar, mit dem der schräge Drahtauslauf automatisch so eingeregelt werden kann, dass eine definierte, vorgewählte Verformung des auslaufenden Drahts auftritt. A force measuring device according to one of the variants described above can advantageously be used in a system 100 for wire drawing with an inclined wire outlet, as illustrated schematically in FIG. 7. The system 100 represents a control system with which the inclined wire run-out can be automatically regulated in such a way that a defined, preselected deformation of the run-out wire occurs.
Das erfindungsgemäße System 100 enthält hierzu einen Ziehkasten 102 mit einem Ziehstein 20 zur Reduzierung des Durchmessers eine Ziehdrahts 30, sowie eine zwischen dem Ziehstein 20 und einer Gehäusewand 22 des Ziehkastens 102 angeordneten Kraftmesseinrichtung 10, beispielsweise eine Kraftmesseinrichtung der in Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 2 und 3 näher beschriebenen Art. For this purpose, the system 100 according to the invention contains a draw box 102 with a drawing die 20 for reducing the diameter, a drawing wire 30, as well as a force measuring device 10 arranged between the drawing die 20 and a housing wall 22 of the drawing box 102, for example a force measuring device of the type described in connection with FIGS Art described in more detail.
Das System 100 enthält weiter eine Verstelleinrichtung 104 zum Verstellen von Lage und/oder Orientierung des Ziehkastens 102, die beispielsweise mit Schrittmotoren oder DC-Motoren mit Schneckenantrieb arbeitet. Zur Regelung des schrägen Drahtauslaufs ist in dem System 100 eine Regelungseinrichtung 106 vorgesehen, die die von den Dehnmessstreifen der Kraftmesseinrichtung 10 gelieferten Signale empfängt und auswertet um die auf den auslaufenden Ziehdraht 30 wirkenden Ziehkräfte Fw in drei Dimensionen The system 100 further contains an adjusting device 104 for adjusting the position and / or orientation of the drawing box 102, which works for example with stepper motors or DC motors with worm drive. To regulate the inclined wire run-out, a regulating device 106 is provided in the system 100, which receives the signals supplied by the strain gauges of the force measuring device 10 and evaluates the drawing forces F w acting on the outgoing pull wire 30 in three dimensions
Fw - (F w,x, F w,y,, F w,z) zu bestimmen. Dies ist durch die oben beschriebene mechanische Entkoppelung der drei Komponenten der Ziehkraft erfindungsgemäß besonders einfach und zuverlässig möglich. Fw - (F w, x, F w , y ,, F w, z) to be determined. According to the invention, this is possible in a particularly simple and reliable manner through the mechanical decoupling of the three components of the pulling force described above.
Die Regelungseinrichtung 106 vergleicht dann die mittels der Kraftmesseinrichtung 10 bestimmten Ziehkräfte FW X, Fw,y in x- und y-Richtung mit für den verwendeten Drahttyp vorbestimmten Sollziehkräften FSOII,X, FSOii,y für den gewünschten schrägen Drahtauslauf. Diese Sollziehkräfte hängen vom verwendeten Drahttyp ab und werden vorab bestimmt und sind der Regelungseinrichtung beispielsweise eingespeichert. The control device 106 then compares the pulling forces F WX , F w , y determined by means of the force measuring device 10 in the x and y directions with predetermined pulling forces F SO II, X , F SO ii, y for the desired inclined wire outlet for the wire type used. These target pulling forces depend on the type of wire used and are determined in advance and are stored in the control device, for example.
Die Regelungseinrichtung 106 führt dann auf Grundlagen des Vergleichsergebnisses die Lage und/oder Orientierung des Ziehkastens 102 mittels der Verstelleinrichtung 104 nach, um die x- und y-Komponente der erfassten Ziehkräfte Fw den vorbestimmten Sollziehkräften FSOH in diesen Richtungen anzugleichen und dadurch den gewünschten schrägen Auslaufwinkel einzuregeln. The control device 106 then adjusts the position and / or orientation of the draw box 102 based on the comparison result by means of the adjustment device 104 in order to adjust the x and y components of the detected pulling forces F w to the predetermined target pulling forces F SO H in these directions and thereby the to regulate the desired inclined outlet angle.
Es versteht sich, dass das System 100 auch mit einer Kraftmesseinrichtung der in einer der Figuren 4 bis 6 gezeigten Art ausgestattet sein kann. Auch kann ein drehbarer Ziehstein vorgesehen sein und der Kraftfluß vom Ziehstein über eine drehbare Hülse des Ziehsteins und ein Wälzlager in das Krafteinleitungselement der Kraftmesseinrichtung verlaufen. It goes without saying that the system 100 can also be equipped with a force measuring device of the type shown in FIGS. A rotatable drawing die can also be provided and the flow of force from the drawing die can run via a rotatable sleeve of the drawing die and a roller bearing into the force introduction element of the force measuring device.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Kraftmesseinrichtung zur Erfassung von Ziehkräften auf ein Ziehgut in drei Dimensionen, mit 1. Force measuring device for recording drawing forces on a drawn material in three dimensions, with
- einem Krafteinleitungselement und einem beabstandet angeordneten Abstützelement, die jeweils eine Durchtrittsöffnung für das Ziehgut aufweisen, einem oder mehreren, in drei Dimensionen verformbaren Verbindungelementen, die das Krafteinleitungselement und das Abstützelement verbinden und - A force introduction element and a spaced-apart support element, each having a passage opening for the drawn material, one or more connecting elements deformable in three dimensions, which connect the force introduction element and the support element and
- einer Mehrzahl von auf den Verbindungelementen angeordneten Messelementen zur Erfassung der durch die Ziehkräfte erzeugten Verformungen der Verbindungselemente in drei Dimensionen. - A plurality of measuring elements arranged on the connecting elements for recording the deformations of the connecting elements generated by the pulling forces in three dimensions.
2. Kraftmesseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere, insbesondere zwei, vier, sechs oder acht Verbindungselemente vorgesehen sind. 2. Force measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that several, in particular two, four, six or eight connecting elements are provided.
3. Kraftmesseinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungselemente S-förmig verbiegbar sind. 3. Force measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting elements can be bent in an S-shape.
4. Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungselemente durch eine Mehrzahl von Verbindungsbalken mit polygonalem Querschnitt gebildet sind, vorzugsweise, dass die Verbindungsbalken in gleichen Winkelabständen entlang eines Umfangs des Krafteinleitungselements und/oder des Abstützelements angeordnet sind. 4. Force measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connecting elements are formed by a plurality of connecting bars with a polygonal cross-section, preferably that the connecting bars are arranged at equal angular intervals along a circumference of the force introduction element and / or the support element.
5. Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungselemente durch eine Mehrzahl von qua- derförmigen Verbindungsbalken mit rechteckigem, insbesondere quadratischem Querschnitt gebildet sind, vorzugsweise, dass die Messelemente auf den Seitenflächen der quaderförmigen Verbindungsbalken angeordnet sind. 5. Force measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the connecting elements by a plurality of qua- such connecting bars are formed with a rectangular, in particular square cross-section, preferably that the measuring elements are arranged on the side surfaces of the cuboid connecting bars.
6. Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messelemente jeweils an Stellen der Verbindungelemente angeordnet sind, an denen nur von einer Kraftrichtung erzeugte mechanische Spannungen auftreten. 6. Force measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the measuring elements are each arranged at points of the connecting elements at which mechanical stresses generated by only one direction of force occur.
7. Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messelemente durch Dehnmesstreifen gebildet sind. 7. Force measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the measuring elements are formed by strain gauges.
8. Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Krafteinleitungselement und/oder das Abstützelement in Form einer Scheibe mit einer Durchtrittsöffnung für das Ziehgut ausgebildet ist. 8. Force measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the force introduction element and / or the support element is designed in the form of a disk with a passage opening for the drawn material.
9. Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Krafteinleitungselement und/oder das Abstützelement in Form eines schmalen Rings mit einer Durchtrittsöffnung für das Ziehgut ausgebildet ist. 9. Force measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the force introduction element and / or the support element is designed in the form of a narrow ring with a passage opening for the drawn material.
10. Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Krafteinleitungselement und das Abstützelement in axialer Richtung beabstandet sind und sich die Verbindungselemente ebenfalls in axialer Richtung erstrecken. 10. Force measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the force introduction element and the support element are spaced apart in the axial direction and the connecting elements also extend in the axial direction.
11. Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftmesseinrichtung eine Drahtzieh-Kraftmess- einrichtung zur Erfassung von Ziehkräften auf einen Ziehdraht in drei Dimensionen ist. 11. Force measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the force measuring device is a wire drawing force measuring device for detecting drawing forces on a pull wire in three dimensions.
12. System zum Drahtziehen mit schrägem Drahtauslauf, mit12. System for wire drawing with inclined wire outlet, with
- einem Ziehkasten mit einem Ziehstein zur Reduzierung des Durchmessers eines Ziehdrahts, - a drawing box with a drawing die for reducing the diameter of a drawing wire,
- einer zwischen dem Ziehstein und einer Gehäusewand des Ziehkastens angeordneten Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einer der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, - A force measuring device according to one of the preceding claims arranged between the drawing die and a housing wall of the drawing box,
- einer Verstelleinrichtung zum Verstellen von Lage und/oder Orientierung des Ziehkastens, und - An adjusting device for adjusting the position and / or orientation of the draw box, and
- einer Regelungseinrichtung, die eingerichtet und ausgelegt ist, mittels der Kraftmesseinrichtung die Ziehkräfte des in seinem Durchmesser reduzierten Drahts in drei Dimensionen zu bestimmen, die mittels der Kraftmesseinrichtung bestimmten Ziehkräfte mit vorbestimmten Sollziehkräften für einen gewünschten schrägen Drahtauslauf zu vergleichen, und auf Grundlage des Vergleichs die Lage und/oder Orientierung des Ziehkastens mittels der Verstelleinrichtung nachzuführen, um die mittels der Kraftmesseinrichtung bestimmten Ziehkräfte den vorbestimmten Sollziehkräften anzugleichen. - A control device, which is set up and designed to determine the drawing forces of the reduced diameter wire by means of the force measuring device in three dimensions, to compare the drawing forces determined by means of the force measuring device with predetermined target pulling forces for a desired inclined wire outlet, and based on the comparison the To track the position and / or orientation of the draw box by means of the adjusting device in order to adjust the pulling forces determined by means of the force measuring device to the predetermined target pulling forces.
13. System nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verstelleinrichtung einen oder mehrere Schrittmotoren und/oder DC-Motoren mit Schneckengetriebe umfasst. 13. System according to claim 12, characterized in that the adjusting device comprises one or more stepper motors and / or DC motors with worm gears.
14. Verwendung einer Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 zur Erfassung von Ziehkräften auf ein Ziehgut in drei Dimensionen, nämlich der Ziehkraft in einer axialen Hauptrichtung der Kraftmesseinrichtung und der Ziehkräfte in einer zur axialen Hauptrichtung senkrechten Ebene. 14. Use of a force measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 11 for detecting drawing forces on a drawn material in three dimensions, namely the drawing force in an axial main direction of the force measuring device and the drawing forces in a plane perpendicular to the axial main direction.
15. Verfahren zur Erfassung von Ziehkräften auf einen Ziehdraht in drei Dimensionen, bei dem 15. Method for the detection of pulling forces on a pull wire in three dimensions, in which
- ein Ziehkasten mit einem Ziehstein zur Reduzierung des Durchmessers eines Ziehdrahts bereitgestellt wird, - zwischen dem Ziehstein und einer Gehäusewand des Ziehkastens eine Kraftmesseinrichtung nach einer der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 angeordnet wird, und - a drawing box with a drawing die for reducing the diameter of a drawing wire is provided, - A force measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 11 is arranged between the drawing die and a housing wall of the drawing box, and
- ein Draht durch den Ziehstein gezogen wird und dabei mitteis der Kraftmesseinrichtung die Ziehkräfte des in seinem Durchmesser reduzierten Drahts in drei Dimensionen bestimmt werden. - A wire is pulled through the drawing die and the drawing forces of the wire with reduced diameter are determined in three dimensions by means of the force measuring device.
EP20793731.9A 2019-10-31 2020-10-28 Force measuring device for measuring drawing forces during wire drawing Pending EP4052005A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP19206446.7A EP3816598A1 (en) 2019-10-31 2019-10-31 Force measuring device for measuring traction forces in wire drawing
PCT/EP2020/080259 WO2021083945A1 (en) 2019-10-31 2020-10-28 Force measuring device for measuring drawing forces during wire drawing

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EP19206446.7A Withdrawn EP3816598A1 (en) 2019-10-31 2019-10-31 Force measuring device for measuring traction forces in wire drawing
EP20793731.9A Pending EP4052005A1 (en) 2019-10-31 2020-10-28 Force measuring device for measuring drawing forces during wire drawing

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ES2875174B2 (en) * 2020-05-05 2022-07-21 Bikone Bearings S L FORCE SENSOR FOR BICYCLE BOTTOM BRACKET

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US3240055A (en) * 1963-09-16 1966-03-15 Calumet & Hecla Drawbench load cell
IT1101198B (en) * 1978-12-20 1985-09-28 Kliko International Ag MULTIPLE DRAWING MACHINE OF METAL WIRES, WITH CONTROL OF THE THROW BETWEEN THE COILS
GB8607518D0 (en) * 1986-03-26 1986-04-30 Jones G M Load-measuring devices
JP2704173B2 (en) * 1988-07-11 1998-01-26 株式会社共和電業 Load transducer with pedestal
DE10055933A1 (en) * 2000-11-10 2002-05-23 Hbm Mes Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Recorder for measuring applied forces has a rotationally symmetric body with measurement legs arranged between through holes on which strain gages are placed to measure shear forces, which are insensitive to load placement
CN201565481U (en) * 2009-11-27 2010-09-01 卢阳春 Die box of rotary die for wire drawing machines

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