EP4041476A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen von dreidimensionalen gegenständen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen von dreidimensionalen gegenständenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4041476A1 EP4041476A1 EP20797675.4A EP20797675A EP4041476A1 EP 4041476 A1 EP4041476 A1 EP 4041476A1 EP 20797675 A EP20797675 A EP 20797675A EP 4041476 A1 EP4041476 A1 EP 4041476A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- binding agent
- radiation
- sand
- powdery material
- dimensional object
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001076195 Lampsilis ovata Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/02—Selection of the hardening environment
- C04B40/0204—Selection of the hardening environment making use of electric or wave energy or particle radiation
- C04B40/0213—Electromagnetic waves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/46—Dielectric heating
- H05B6/62—Apparatus for specific applications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00181—Mixtures specially adapted for three-dimensional printing (3DP), stereo-lithography or prototyping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00939—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for the fabrication of moulds or cores
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
- H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
- H05B2206/046—Microwave drying of wood, ink, food, ceramic, sintering of ceramic, clothes, hair
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for producing three-dimensional objects, in particular by means of a generative method.
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing sand molds and sand cores.
- additive manufacturing for example, three-dimensional workpieces are built up in layers.
- the construction is computer-controlled from one or more liquid or solid materials according to specified dimensions and shapes (CAD).
- CAD specified dimensions and shapes
- Physical or chemical hardening or melting processes take place during construction.
- Typical materials for additive manufacturing are plastics, synthetic resins, ceramics and metals.
- Additive manufacturing is also known as 3D printing or additive manufacturing. The corresponding devices are called 3D printers.
- 3D printers are used in industry and research. There are also applications in the meat and entertainment sectors as well as in art.
- Voxeljet technology GmbH https://www.voxeliet.com/de/anwendunaen/sandciuss/) offers a service for the production of sand molds and sand cores for metal casting. Quartz sand is applied in layers and selectively bonded with a binder until the desired shape is created. Depending on requirements and application, you can choose between different binders and sands in order to achieve optimal casting results.
- conventional foundry binding materials such as furan and phenolic resins or inorganic binding materials are used. Large formats of up to 4 m in length, 2 m in width and 1 m in height are also possible.
- binder jetting 3D printing of powder material with binder
- MVM multi-jet modeling
- Both processes can be implemented as a powder bed process.
- Multi-jet modeling can, however, also be designed as a free-space method in which a mixture of sand and binding agent is sequentially printed in the desired shape.
- Binder jetting is a generative production process in which a liquid binding agent is applied specifically to a powder layer in order to bond with the material. Portions of the layers of material are thereby bonded to form an article.
- the spraying of the binder is similar to the conventional inkjet printing process.
- Various binding materials such as furan binders, phenol binders, silicate binders or polymer binders, are known for binding sand.
- the binding material is cured by heating it using microwave radiation.
- the additive manufacturing of sand molds and sand cores has proven to be very effective because, on the one hand, it is very cost-effective (no model costs, short lead times, low modification costs), the shapes can have structures of any complexity without generating additional costs, the shapes and Cores are of high quality and can be manufactured with large sizes and small tolerances. Furthermore, agile and heavy forms and cores can be stabilized by reinforcement.
- a radiation-curable binding material for forming sand cores emerges from EP 3,266,815 A1.
- the hardening of sand cores is generated by what is known as actinic radiation, the radiation causing a photochemical effect.
- Actinic radiation is typically electromagnetic radiation in the optical or UV range.
- US 2018/0361618 A1 discloses a method for printing three-dimensional bodies from a powdery material, a liquid functional material being mixed in which is intended to absorb electromagnetic waves.
- the liquid functional material contains ferromagnetic nanoparticles and can therefore generate temperatures from 60 ° C to 2,500 ° C.
- the powdery material melts through it.
- the powdery material can be silicon dioxide, for example. The energy is applied by means of microwaves or RF radiation.
- DE 697 13 775 T2 describes a hybrid oven and a method in which microwaves and RF radiation can be applied to objects at the same time.
- the invention is based on the object of creating a method and a device for producing three-dimensional objects by means of a generative method, where a powdery material and binding agent are applied sequentially and the binding agent is cured by means of electromagnetic waves, this method for producing large-volume three-dimensional objects Objects or for the simultaneous production of many objects in a large-volume process space is particularly suitable.
- the method according to the invention is a method for producing three-dimensional objects by means of a generative method, wherein a powdery material and binding agent are applied sequentially and the binding agent is cured by means of electromagnetic waves, so that the powdery material bound with the binding agent forms the three-dimensional object .
- This method is characterized by the fact that RF radiation is used as the electromagnetic waves.
- the binder can be activated uniformly by the radiation in a large volume.
- the wavelength is approx. Im.
- the wavelength for industrial applications of 27.12 MHz, which is customary in Germany at least the wavelength is approx. 11 m.
- standing waves form in the mold, a wavelength can be provided whose half-wave is significantly longer than the dimensions of the three-dimensional object to be produced. This can ensure that a wave node of a standing wave is arranged outside of a process space in which the three-dimensional object is produced. Uniform curing of the three-dimensional object is achieved in this way. Both local overheating, in which the binding agent could be destroyed, and areas in which the binding agent is not sufficiently stimulated are avoided.
- the curing by means of RF radiation can take place in sections or a three-dimensional object can also be cured all at once (one shot).
- the uniform and complete penetration of the object to be produced causes, on the one hand, a high quality and, on the other hand, a fast production of the object, so that the production costs can be reduced considerably compared to conventional methods.
- the additive generation of the three-dimensional object is preferably carried out between two capacitor plates which are connected to an RF generator.
- the RF radiation can be applied to the not yet cured three-dimensional object without it having to be moved.
- the additive manufacturing of the three-dimensional object is carried out using the powder bed process, in which layers of the powdery material are layered on top of one another and only the areas or sections to be cured are provided with binding agent, then the entire layer structure is preferably moved in the area between the two capacitor plates. After hardening, the powdery material, which is not provided with binding agent, is then removed from the three-dimensional object. Before hardening, it serves to support the three-dimensional object that has not yet hardened.
- the powdery material is preferably applied in layers, as is known from the powder bed process.
- the layers are preferably applied with a thickness of no more than 1 mm and in particular no more than 500 gm and in particular no more than 300 gm.
- the thinner the layers the finer the contour of the three-dimensional object can be.
- the thinner the individual layers the more layers are necessary to form an object with a predetermined thickness. Therefore, the production of the three-dimensional object with thinner layers takes longer than with thicker layers.
- the binder is only sprayed onto the layers in predetermined areas which are intended to form the three-dimensional object.
- a sand core or a sand mold for metal casting can be produced as a three-dimensional object, in that sand is connected as a powdery material by means of the binding agent to form the three-dimensional object.
- the powdery material for producing a sand core or a sand mold is a fire-resistant, particulate mold base material, which is referred to below as "sand" for short Irrespective of the chemical composition, this particulate, refractory basic molding material is referred to as sand.
- Suitable binders can be binders based on furan, phenol, silicate or made of a polymer.
- the sand core or the sand mold can also be formed by shooting into a sand mold.
- the sand mold is hardened in the same way as explained above with reference to the three-dimensional generatively shaped objects, by means of RF radiation.
- Any three-dimensional objects per se can be shot into a mold by shooting a mixture of a powdery material and binding agent and cured by means of RF radiation.
- the advantages explained above for the hardening of the three-dimensional object apply regardless of the type of shaping of the body.
- one-shot curing is possible with RF radiation, the three-dimensional object being able to have a large volume, for example at least 0.01 m 3 or at least 0.1 m 3 or even at least 1 m 3 .
- Generative manufacturing in connection with hardening by means of RF radiation is, however, preferred because, on the one hand, three-dimensional objects can be produced in any shape, which can be fixed in their shape quickly, reliably and completely by hardening with RF radiation .
- the electromagnetic RF radiation preferably has a frequency of at least 30 KHz or at least 0.1 MHz, in particular at least 1 MHz or at least 2 MHz, preferably at least 10 MHz.
- the electromagnetic RF radiation preferably has a frequency of at most 300 MHz.
- the invention further relates to a device for generating three-dimensional objects by means of a generative method, comprising
- the device can have a process space which is formed between the capacitor plates, an electrically conductive chamber wall being provided which shields the process space when the RF radiation is applied.
- a process space which is formed between the capacitor plates, an electrically conductive chamber wall being provided which shields the process space when the RF radiation is applied.
- the application device for applying binding agent can either be a spray nozzle or a nozzle for applying a mixture of pulverulent material and binding agent. With a nozzle for applying such a mixture, the mixture can be applied in the free space process.
- FIG. 1 shows a binder jetting device with an open process space in a perspective sectional view, with front elements being cut away so that essential parts of the device are visible
- FIG. 2 shows the device from FIG. 1 in a sectional view, the process space being closed and, to simplify the illustration, a spray nozzle and its positioning device and an application device being omitted.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 a device 1 for the generative production of a three-dimensional object is explained by way of example (FIGS. 1 and 2).
- the present exemplary embodiment is a so-called binder jetting device 1 with a powder bed feed for fixing sand molds and sand cores.
- the binder jetting device 1 comprises a process space 2 which is closed off from the outside by chamber walls 3. At least one and preferably all of the chamber walls can be moved or pivoted up or down so that the process space 2 can be delimited on the one hand by the chamber walls 3 (FIG. 2) and on the other hand the chamber walls can be removed so that the process space 2 can be removed from at least one Page is freely accessible (Fig. 1).
- the chamber walls 3 are designed to be electrically conductive.
- the process room 2 serves as installation space for the three-dimensional component 4 (Fig. 2).
- a container 5 which is open at the top is arranged in the process space 2.
- This container 5 is formed from four vertically arranged side walls 6 in which a horizontal construction platform 7 for receiving the component 7 to be manufactured is arranged. In Fig. 1, only three side walls 6 are visible due to the sectional view.
- the building platform 7 has a piston / cylinder unit as a flea adjustment device 8, by means of which the building platform 7 can be adjusted in the vertical direction.
- the device 1 comprises a storage container 9.
- the storage container 9 is designed to receive a solidifiable powdery starting material, which is, for example, sand.
- the reservoir 9 is ver with an elastic tube 10 with an applicator 11 connected.
- the application device 11 is used to apply the starting material to the construction platform 7.
- the application device is a coating device with which layers of predetermined thickness can be applied to the construction platform 7 in succession.
- the application device 11 has a slot-shaped nozzle 12 with which the powdery material from the reservoir 9 can be applied in a thin layer over the entire width of the construction platform 7.
- the application device 11 is slidably mounted on rails 13, so that the application device 11 can intercept the entire area above the building platform 7 and also a piece outside the area of the Chamber walls 3 can be arranged ( Figure 1).
- the rails 13 (only one of the rails 13 is shown in FIG. 1 due to the partial section) are also arranged outside the area of the chamber walls 3 so that they do not stand in the way when the chamber walls 3 are lowered.
- a working plane 14 is the plane in which the surface of the uppermost layer of the pulverulent material to be solidified is located.
- the flea adjustment device 8 is preferably controlled in such a way that the working plane 14 is always at the same level or within a predetermined level range.
- a spray nozzle 15 is arranged in the area above the working plane 14, which is freely movable in a plane parallel to the working plane with a positioning device 16.
- the positioning device 16 has a carriage 17 on which the spray nozzle 15 is arranged on.
- the carriage 17 is slidably mounted on a rail 18.
- the rail 18 is in turn arranged movably on two rails 19 in a plane parallel to the working plane 14 in a direction transverse to its longitudinal direction, so that on the one hand the spray nozzle 15 can cover the entire area above the construction platform 7 and on the other hand the entire positioning device 16 from the process space 2 can be driven out.
- the spray nozzle 15 is aligned with its nozzle opening vertically downwards and verbun with a binder line 20 with a pump 21 and a binder reservoir 22 to the.
- the spray nozzle 15 is designed in such a way that it emits a fine jet of binding agent vertically downwards.
- spray nozzles can only be assigned to certain partial areas above the working level 14.
- the spray nozzles can each be arranged on freely swinging robot arms or on a rail system with several rails, so that several spray nozzles can be positioned independently of one another.
- the building platform 7 is made of an electrically conductive material and is grounded via the height adjustment device 8.
- the side walls 6 of the container 5 are made of an electrically non-conductive material.
- the installation space 2 is bounded at the top by an electrically conductive ceiling wall 23 be, which is connected to a waveguide 24 with an RF generator 25 for generating RF Radiation is connected.
- RF radiation has a frequency of at least 30 CFIz and a maximum of 300 MFIz.
- the RF generator is designed to output a frequency of 27.12 MFIz.
- the specific frequency to be used depends on the local legal regulations, which generally only allow certain RF frequencies for civil use in production processes.
- a thin layer of sand is applied to the construction platform 7 by means of the application device 11.
- the sand in particular quartz sand
- the layers are preferably applied with a thickness of not more than 1 mm and in particular not more than 500 ⁇ m. However, they can also be applied finer, for example with a maximum thickness of 300 ⁇ m.
- the areas of the layers which are to harden are sprayed with a binding agent by means of the spray nozzle 15.
- a binding agent for bind sand, in particular quartz sand, different binders, such as binders based on furan, phenol, silicate binders or polymers, can be used.
- the binding agent is conveyed from the binding agent storage container 22 to the spray nozzle 15 by means of the pump 21.
- the layer structure 26 is completely formed, then the application device 11 and the spray nozzle 15 are removed from the area of the process space 2 and the chamber walls 3, which enclose the process space 2 on all side surfaces, are lowered.
- the chamber walls 3 are preferably formed from an electrically conductive material and ste hen neither with the top wall 23 nor with the building platform 7 in contact.
- the side walls 6 of the container 5 are made of a non-electrically conductive material.
- RF radiation is applied in the area between the building platform 7 and the ceiling wall 23 by means of the waveguide 24.
- the building platform 7 and the Ceiling wall 23 serve as capacitor plates.
- the electrically conductive Kammerwandun gene 3 shield the electrical field from the outside. Since the side walls 6 of the Benzol age 5 are not electrically conductive, they do not affect the electromagnetic field within the capacitor consisting of the building platform 7 and the top wall 23 Kon.
- the top wall 23 is stationary, i.e. not movable.
- it can also be expedient to make the ceiling wall adjustable in the fleas so that after the application of the sand layers and removal of the application device 11 and the spray nozzle 15 from the process room 2, the ceiling wall 23 is lowered a little so that Volume of the capacitor, best starting from the building platform 7 and the top wall 23, to be kept as low as possible.
- the waveguide 24 is either to be provided with a telescopic section, which has a variable length in the vertical direction, or a flexible coaxial cable is used as the waveguide 24. With high electrical power, however, it is useful to provide a static coaxial conductor as a waveguide 24.
- the three-dimensional component 4 is cured in the entire layer structure 26 at once.
- the three-dimensional component 4 After the three-dimensional component 4 has hardened, it can be removed from the container 5, wherein the non-bound sand can simply be separated from the three-dimensional component 4.
- the layers of the powdery material are stacked one on top of the other or sequentially in accordance with the powder bed method to form the layer structure 26.
- a viscous mixture of powdery materials and binding agents can be printed by means of suitable pressure nozzles according to the free space method.
- RF radiation causes, on the one hand, a complete and uniform curing of the entire three-dimensional component 4 and, on the other hand, a very rapid curing, as this can be done in a single process step or in a few process steps.
- an application device 11 with a nozzle 12 is used for applying the sand.
- other application devices such as a doctor blade, can also be used, with which the powdery material is spread into a thin layer and, if necessary, compacted.
- a sol chen application device an upwardly open storage container for the powdery material Ma is arranged next to the container 5, from which the powdery material is withdrawn.
- a three-dimensional object can also be produced by shooting a mixture of a powdered material and binding agent into a mold and cured by means of RF radiation.
- a capacitor can be used to apply the RF radiation, as described above.
- the uncured object is brought into the capacitor and exposed to electromagnetic radiation there.
- the shooting can also be used to fiery a sand core or sand mold.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019127191.6A DE102019127191A1 (de) | 2019-10-09 | 2019-10-09 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von dreidimensionalen Gegenständen |
PCT/EP2020/078504 WO2021069719A1 (de) | 2019-10-09 | 2020-10-09 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen von dreidimensionalen gegenständen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP4041476A1 true EP4041476A1 (de) | 2022-08-17 |
Family
ID=73030068
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20797675.4A Withdrawn EP4041476A1 (de) | 2019-10-09 | 2020-10-09 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen von dreidimensionalen gegenständen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240100588A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4041476A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN114599626A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019127191A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021069719A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
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CN113400649B (zh) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-07-04 | 山东威高骨科材料股份有限公司 | 一种解决3d打印peek材料零件热变形的方法 |
US20240253120A1 (en) * | 2023-01-27 | 2024-08-01 | Goodrich Corporation | Near net shape manufacturing of complex configuration components |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2933956A1 (de) * | 1979-08-22 | 1981-03-12 | Helmut 6000 Frankfurt Hoedt | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von formkoerpern aus mineralischen bestandteilen und haertbaren organischen bindemitteln. |
US5582231A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1996-12-10 | General Motors Corporation | Sand mold member and method |
GB2315654B (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 2000-08-09 | Ea Tech Ltd | Radio-frequency and microwave-assisted processing of materials |
US6376148B1 (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2002-04-23 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Layer manufacturing using electrostatic imaging and lamination |
WO2003049514A2 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-12 | Memgen Corporation | Miniature rf and microwave components and methods for fabricating such components |
SE524439C2 (sv) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-08-10 | Arcam Ab | Anordning samt metod för framställande av en tredimensionell produkt |
BR112015008352B1 (pt) * | 2012-11-01 | 2020-02-18 | General Electric Company | Método de manufatura aditiva de fabricação de um objeto |
DE102016114848A1 (de) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-02 | Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh | Verfahren zur generativen Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Objekts |
JP6690939B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-28 | 2020-04-28 | ローランドディー.ジー.株式会社 | 三次元造形装置および三次元造形方法 |
US10786950B2 (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2020-09-29 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Three-dimensional (3D) printing composite build material composition |
EP3419814B1 (de) * | 2016-02-26 | 2020-07-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Dreidimensionales (3d) drucken |
DE102016204905A1 (de) * | 2016-03-23 | 2017-09-28 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts |
WO2017197388A1 (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-16 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Systems and methods for volumetric powder bed fusion |
DE102018200588A1 (de) * | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-18 | Albert Handtmann Metallgusswerk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Sandbauteilen |
CN109014046A (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-18 | 西安交通大学 | 一种高精度高湿强度三维成型铸造砂型制造方法 |
CN208841855U (zh) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-05-10 | 无锡市交大增智增材制造技术研究院有限公司 | 一种新型3d打印机运动平台 |
-
2019
- 2019-10-09 DE DE102019127191.6A patent/DE102019127191A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2020
- 2020-10-09 EP EP20797675.4A patent/EP4041476A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-10-09 CN CN202080071406.2A patent/CN114599626A/zh active Pending
- 2020-10-09 WO PCT/EP2020/078504 patent/WO2021069719A1/de active Application Filing
- 2020-10-09 US US17/767,498 patent/US20240100588A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102019127191A1 (de) | 2021-04-15 |
WO2021069719A1 (de) | 2021-04-15 |
US20240100588A1 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
CN114599626A (zh) | 2022-06-07 |
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