EP3907371A1 - Machine tool and method for processing a soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a work machine and a method for processing a floor with the work machine, with a mast (12), along which a rotary head (30) is moved vertically by means of an adjusting device (20) through which a telescopic Kelly rod (40) with at least two Kelly bars is moved and guided, the Kelly bars being provided on their outer and / or inner sides for torque transmission with axially extending driver strips and locking pockets on the driver strips (66) and / or axial locking elements (62), which are used for axially locking the Kelly bars in the locking pockets (68) are retracted or extended from the locking pockets (68) for unlocking. According to the invention it is provided that a control system automatically checks the locking status of the Kelly bars, the control device actuating the actuator of the power rotary head (30) and / or the main cable winch (50) so that the Kelly bars are moved axially relative to one another, that by means of a detection device a displacement of the Kelly bars to each other and / or an axial force when moving the Kelly bars are detected, and that the control determines a locking state of the Kelly bars depending on the detected displacement and / or the detected axial force.

Description

The invention relates to a work machine, in particular a construction machine, with a mast, along which a rotary head can be moved vertically by means of an adjusting device, through which a telescopic Kelly rod with at least two Kelly bars is guided displaceably, an outer kelly bar, which is designed to rest on the rotary head, and an inner kelly bar is provided which comprises a rope suspension for a rope through which the inner kelly bar can be moved vertically by means of a main winch, with kelly bars on their outer and / or inner sides for torque transmission with axially extending driver strips and locking pockets on the driver strips and / or axially Locking elements are provided which can be retracted into the locking pockets for axially locking the Kelly bars or can be extended out of the locking pockets for unlocking, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method for processing a floor with a working machine, with a mast, along which a power rotary head is moved vertically along an adjusting device, through which a telescopic Kelly rod with at least two Kelly rods is displaced and guided, with an outer kelly rod on the Power turret can rest or can be locked to this, and an inner kelly rod are provided which is suspended from a rope through which the inner kelly rod is moved vertically by means of a main winch, the kelly rods on their outer and / or inner sides for torque transmission with axially extending Driver strips and locking pockets are provided on the driver strips and / or axial locking elements which are retracted into the locking pockets for axially locking the Kelly bars or extended out of the locking pockets for unlocking, according to the preamble of claim 9.

A Kelly rod is a telescopic tool rod which is made up of several tubular rod elements and has at least one outer kelly rod and one inner kelly rod. The inner kelly rod and thus the Kelly rod as a whole is suspended from a rope, the Kelly rod being guided by a Kelly guide and / or an annular rotary drive, also known as a power rotary head. A torque can be transmitted from the rotary drive via the Kelly rod to a soil cultivation tool, in particular a drilling tool, which is attached to the lower end of the inner Kelly rod. Larger drilling depths can also be achieved by telescoping the individual Kelly bar elements outwards.

For torque transmission, the individual Kelly bar elements have axially extending stop strips on their outside and inside, which serve to transmit the torque. In addition, locking pockets or locking elements are provided at certain axial positions, in particular at a start and end area, by means of which the Kelly bar elements can be axially fixed to one another. In this way, axial compressive forces can also be applied to the Kelly rod and thus the soil cultivation tool via the drill drive. The outer kelly rod can also be firmly connected axially to the drill drive.

Particularly in the case of discontinuous soil cultivation, for example when creating a bore with a drilling bucket, the drilling bucket has to be repeatedly moved into the borehole and then extended again. Depending on the depth of the borehole, the Kelly rods are retracted and retracted repeatedly. After the drilling bucket has been filled with removed soil material, it must be pulled out of the borehole for emptying. To do this, it is necessary to unlock the individual Kelly bar elements again and move them into one another. In this retracted position, the Kelly linkage can be pulled out together with the drilling bucket pulled out of the borehole and pivoted to an emptying position. Subsequently, for a further drilling step, the drilling tool is retracted into the borehole with renewed extension of the Kelly rod.

Telescoping a Kelly rod in and out requires time and skill on the part of the drill operator. The locking points are usually covered so that the drill operator cannot see where the locking element and a locking pocket are located. It is known to display the position of the individual Kelly bar elements relative to one another to the drill operator on his control monitor. However, such displays are very complex in terms of control technology and require an exact calibration of the individual drive components and the positions of the Kelly rods before drilling begins. In addition, it must be entered in the control which type of Kelly linkage is used in which version.

One method of monitoring a Kelly drill pipe is from US Pat DE 102012 019 850 A1 known. In this known method, it is necessary to detect a rotational position of the rods. This requires a complex sensor arrangement, which is fundamentally prone to errors in rough drilling operations.

An efficient method for correctly locking and unlocking a Kelly linkage is based on the generic EP 3 287 588 B1 emerged. For locking, the Kelly bars are axially shifted to one another when a certain torque is applied until they screw into a locking pocket and are thus locked. The rotation can be reliably detected via a brief pressure change in the hydraulic drive system and thus as evidence of a lock.

In the course of a drilling operation, it may be desired by a drill operator for a safe drilling operation to ascertain a correct locking state of a Kelly rod. This can be done via a visual inspection of the Kelly rod or a manual test operation, which, however, is time-consuming and, at least for less experienced drilling rig operators, does not exclude the risk of incorrect assessments.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a working machine and a method for working a soil which enable particularly efficient and safe working with a Kelly linkage.

The object is achieved on the one hand by a work machine with the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a method with the features of claim 9. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

The working machine according to the invention is characterized in that a control is provided which is designed to automatically check a locked state of the Kelly bars, the control device of the power rotary head and / or the cable winch being able to be actuated so that the Kelly bars are moved axially relative to one another, that at least one detection device is provided with which a displacement of the Kelly bars relative to one another and / or an axial force when moving the Kelly bars can be detected, and that the control is designed to determine a locking state of the Kelly bars depending on the detected displacement and / or the detected axial force .

According to the invention, a work machine is created in which the locking state of a Kelly linkage can be reliably checked at any time independently of the execution of a locking process by the machine operator. No visual inspection or special experience on the part of the machine operator is required for this.

By simply actuating the control, a test process is automatically carried out by it, in which the Kelly bars are moved axially to one another. If the Kelly bars are in a locked state, the locking element and the locking pocket must strike against each other axially within a maximum possible axial travel, which also results in an increase in the tensile force on the cable and / or the axial pressure on the power rotary head. If such a state of the axial movement and / or an increase in the axial force is determined by the control, a correct locking state is recognized. If this does not take place, the control system can determine in the opposite way that there is no correct locking.

By means of the invention, a check of the locking state of a Kelly linkage can be automated and made process-reliable. A machine operator can be relieved of this activity at the same time, with the risk of incorrect judgment by a person being eliminated. Overall, such a drilling process can be carried out efficiently and particularly reliably.

A preferred embodiment of the working machine according to the invention consists in that a limit value for a maximum travel path and / or a limit value for a minimum axial force are stored in the control and that the detected travel path with the maximum travel path or the detected axial force is used to determine the locking state is comparable to the minimum axial force. The maximum travel is typically a few centimeters per locking point and is largely determined by the difference between the axial length of the locking pocket and the axial length of the locking element screwed into it. In particular, the maximum travel path is dependent on the number of locking pockets, so that a total travel path of up to more than one meter can result in the case of multiple kelly bars.

The limit value or the threshold value for the minimum axial force depends on the usual displacement forces. If the locking element and the locking pocket strike one another axially, a further axial movement is blocked and there is an increase in force on the drive element, which causes the axial movement. This can be determined in particular by force measuring elements, for example on the main cable winch or an adjusting cylinder, or by a pressure increase in a hydraulic drive system.

In the simplest case, the Kelly rod consists of only two Kelly rods, namely a tubular outer kelly rod and an inner kelly rod arranged to be displaceable therein. To achieve greater drilling depths, it is advantageous according to a development of the invention that the Kelly rod has one or more intermediate kelly rods which are arranged between the outer kelly rod and the inner kelly rod. Kelly rods with three to five Kelly rods are particularly preferred.

In principle, the working machine according to the invention with the Kelly linkage can be used for a wide variety of activities. According to a further development of the invention, it is particularly expedient that a drilling tool, in particular a drilling bucket or auger, is detachably attached to the lower end of the inner kelly rod. Such drilling tools can be used for discontinuous drilling, in which a Kelly rod must be repeatedly extended and retracted.

According to a further embodiment variant of the invention, it is advantageous that when the Kelly bars are moved by the control, the power rotary head can be actuated, with a predetermined torque being able to be exerted. A torque is exerted on the Kelly bars in such a way that the locking element is reliably screwed into a locking pocket. In this way it can be ensured that when a locking state is present, the locking element and the locking pocket meet over the largest possible area.

In principle, the travel path and the axial force can be determined using appropriate displacement sensors or force sensors. A particularly efficient determination of the axial force can be achieved in that a pressure increase in a hydraulic drive system can be detected in order to detect the axial force.

A check of the correct locking status of a Kelly linkage can be carried out if necessary by the machine operator or at specified times or operating states. According to a further development of the invention, it is particularly expedient that the position of the adjusting device and / or a position of the cable can be stored in the control device when the locking state is detected. This recorded data can be used to calibrate the Kelly linkage and to verify the positions of the locks.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention is that at least one input and / or determination device is provided with which a type and / or size of the Kelly rod, a position of the adjusting device for the power rotary head and / or a position of the rope can be input. In the simplest case, an entry can be made via an input terminal. Alternatively, the Positions are automatically recorded by means of sensors. Furthermore, it is possible to bring the respective components into a defined starting position and to calibrate the machine with these components.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that a locked state of the Kelly bars is automatically checked by means of a control, the control device of the power rotary head and / or the main cable winch being actuated so that the Kelly bars are moved axially relative to one another, that by means of at least one detection device a displacement of the Kelly bars relative to one another and / or an axial force when moving the Kelly bars can be detected, and that the control determines a locking state of the Kelly bars as a function of the detected displacement and / or the detected axial force. The adjusting device can in particular be a feed drive of a feed slide on which the power rotary head is arranged and with which it can be displaced along a mast. The feed drive can in particular have a hydraulic cylinder or a cable winch.

The method according to the invention can in particular be carried out with a work machine, as has been described above. Accordingly, the advantages described above can be achieved.

An advantageous variant of the method of the invention consists in that, for locking and / or unlocking, a soil cultivation tool is placed on the Kelly rod on the soil, in particular on the bottom of the borehole. The soil cultivation tool and the inner kelly rod firmly connected to it are thus in a defined position. Preferably, the outer kelly rod and / or an intermediate kelly rod according to the invention can now be moved relative to the inner kelly rod until the testing process is completed. In principle, the method according to the invention can be used in any application in which a tool with a Kelly rod is required.

According to one embodiment variant, it is particularly preferred that a borehole is made in the ground. The creation of the borehole can be carried out by excavating the soil material.

According to a further embodiment variant of the invention, it is provided that the borehole is filled in order to form a foundation element. In a simple case, the foundation element can be filled with a pourable material such as sand or gravel. It is preferred that the foundation element takes place by filling with a hardenable mass, in particular a concrete material.

According to a further development of the invention, an efficient operating sequence can be achieved in that an automatic locking process is carried out by the controller if no locking state has been determined. The Kelly bars can be axially moved and rotated in a defined manner to one another, as is generally known for automatic locking.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Teilansicht einer ersten erfindungsgemäßen Arbeitsmaschine;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Teilansicht einer zweiten erfindungsgemäßen Arbeitsmaschine;

Fig. 3

eine schematische aufgebrochene Darstellung eines Kellygestänges vor einem Entriegeln; und

Fig. 4

eine schematische aufgebrochene Darstellung des Kellygestänges von Fig. 3 nach dem Verriegeln.

The invention is further explained below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments, which are shown schematically in the drawings. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

a schematic partial view of a first work machine according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a schematic partial view of a second work machine according to the invention;

Fig. 3

a schematic broken view of a Kelly linkage before unlocking; and

Fig. 4

a schematic broken away representation of the Kelly linkage of Fig. 3 after locking.

The work machine 10 according to Figures 1 and 2 each has a substantially vertical mast 12, each of which has only one in Fig. 1 shown mast head 14 has. A Kelly linkage 40 is suspended vertically displaceably along the mast 12 via a cable 52 which is driven by a main cable winch 50 and guided via pulleys 16 on the mast head 14.

The Kelly linkage 40 is according to the two embodiments according to the Figures 1 and 2 each with an upper outer kelly rod 42, an inner kelly rod 46 lying below and an intermediate kelly rod 44 arranged in between educated. At the upper end of the inner kelly rod 46, a cable suspension 48 is provided, on which the cable 52 is designed for the vertical displacement of the inner kelly rod 46 and also the other tubular Kelly rod elements.

The outer kelly rod 42 has at its upper end a support collar 43 with which the outer kelly rod 43 rests on a power rotary head 30, that is to say an annular rotary drive. In the embodiment according to Figure 1 a damping device 32 with springs is arranged for damping shocks between the power rotary head 30 and the support collar 43. The power rotary head 30 on a slide 18 and thus the outer kelly rod 42 can be moved vertically along the mast 12 via an adjusting device 20. The actuating device 20 is according to the embodiment Figure 1 designed as a hydraulic cylinder. To transmit the torque from the rotary head 30 to the outer kelly rod 42 and thus the Kelly rod as a whole, driver strips 66 are arranged on the outer kelly rod 42 on its outside, as shown in FIG Figure 2 can be seen.

Corresponding driver strips 66 or locking elements are also arranged in a known manner on the further outer sides and inner sides of the further Kelly bar elements. A pin-shaped connection element 49 is provided on an underside of the inner kelly rod 46, with which a soil cultivation tool 36 can be attached in a rotationally fixed manner. The soil cultivation tool 36 is in the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS Figures 1 and 2 designed as a auger.

In the Figures 3 and 4 a simple Kelly linkage 40 with an outer kelly bar 42 and an inner kelly bar 46 is shown. To transmit torque from the outer kelly rod 42 to the inner kelly rod 46, the outer kelly rod 42 has at least one locking element 62 on its inside, which rests in the circumferential direction on an axially extending driver bar 66 on the outside of the inner kelly rod 46.

For an axial locking of the outer kelly rod 42 and the inner kelly rod 46, the locking element 62 on the outer kelly rod 42 can be pressed lightly against the driver bar 66 by applying a slight torque via the power rotary head 30. In this pressed-on position, the outer kelly rod 42 and the inner kelly rod 46 can now either over the Adjusting device 20 or the main winch 50 or by both can be moved axially to one another. When the in Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the outer kelly rod 42 with the locking element 62 rotates counterclockwise in the circumferential direction into the locking pocket 68 when it reaches a locking pocket 68, which is designed as an axial recess in the driver bar 66. In this case, a rotation occurs between the outer kelly rod 42 and the inner kelly rod 46, which can be determined by a first detection device, in particular a sensor device, as an indication of a locking.

According to the invention, a correct locking state can be checked automatically at any time by means of the control. For this purpose, the control device 20 and / or the main cable winch 50 with the cable 52 are actuated in such a way that a defined axial movement of the outer kelly rod 42 with respect to the inner kelly rod 46 takes place. If the locking is correct, the block-like locking element 62 must strike axially against an axial stop 69 of the locking pocket 68 at least after a certain maximum axial travel path, which is usually a few centimeters per locking point and in any case does not exceed the axial length of a locking pocket. A further axial movement of the outer kelly rod 42 is no longer possible. In addition, this leads to an increased expenditure of force, which can be detected as a pressure increase in the hydraulic system by which the axial drive element is driven. This can be detected by the control, which then indicates that a correct locking is still given.

If the control exceeds the maximum axial travel path during the test process and / or if no increase in the axial force above a predetermined minimum axial force value is determined, then there is no longer any reliable locking. This state of the missing locking can be indicated to the drilling rig operator by the control. The control can be operated by the drill operator at any time, so that he is always reliably informed of the correct locking status. If no locking is found, an automatic locking process can preferably be carried out by the control.

Claims (13)

Work machine, in particular construction machine, with a mast (12), along which a rotary head (30) can be moved vertically by means of an adjusting device (20), through which a telescopic Kelly rod (40) with at least two Kelly rods is displaceably guided, an outer Kelly rod (42 ), which is designed to rest on the power rotary head (30), and an inner kelly rod (46) is provided, which comprises a rope suspension (48) for a rope (52) through which the inner kelly rod (46) by means of a main winch (50) can be moved vertically, with Kelly bars on their outer and / or inner sides for torque transmission with axially extending driver strips (66) and locking pockets (68) on the driver strips (66) and / or axial locking elements (62), which are provided for axially locking the Kelly bars can be retracted into the locking pockets (68) or extended from the locking pockets (68) for unlocking,
characterized,
that a control is provided which is designed to automatically check the locking status of the Kelly bars,
wherein the control device (20) of the power rotary head (30) and / or the main cable winch (50) can be actuated so that the Kelly bars (42, 46) are moved axially relative to one another,
that at least one detection device is provided with which a displacement path of the Kelly bars (42, 46) relative to one another and / or an axial force when moving the Kelly bars (42, 46) can be detected, and
that the control is designed to determine a locking state of the Kelly bars as a function of the detected travel path and / or the detected axial force. Working machine according to claim 1,
characterized,
that a limit value for a maximum travel distance and / or a limit value for a minimum axial pressure are stored in the controller and
that, in order to determine the locking state, the recorded travel path is comparable with the maximum travel path or the recorded axial pressure is comparable with the minimum axial pressure. Working machine according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the Kelly rod (40) has one or more intermediate kelly rods (44) which are arranged between the outer kelly rod (42) and the inner kelly rod (46). Work machine according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that a soil cultivation tool (30), in particular a drilling bucket or auger, is detachably attached to a lower end of the inner kelly rod (46). Work machine according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that when the Kelly bars (42, 46) are moved by the control, the power rotary head (30) can be actuated, with a predetermined torque being exertable. Work machine according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that a pressure increase in a hydraulic drive system can be detected in order to detect the axial force. Work machine according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that at least one input and / or determination device is provided with which a type and / or size of the Kelly rod (40), a position of the adjusting device (20) for the power rotary head (30) and / or a position of the cable (52) can be input or are determinable. Working machine according to claim 7,
characterized,
that when the locking state is detected, the position of the adjusting device (20) and / or a position of the cable (52) can be stored in the control device. Method for processing a floor with a work machine (10), in particular according to one of Claims 1 to 8, with a mast (12), along which a rotary head (30) is moved vertically by means of an actuating device (20) through which a telescopic Kelly rod (40) is displaced and guided with at least two Kelly bars, an outer kelly bar (42), which rests on the power rotary head (30), and an inner kelly bar (46) which is suspended from a rope (52), through which means a main winch (50) the inner kelly bar (46) is moved vertically, the kelly bars on their outer and / or inner sides for torque transmission with axially extending driver strips (66) and locking pockets (68) on the driver strips (66) and / or axial locking elements (62) are provided, which retracted into the locking pockets (68) for axially locking the Kelly bars or for unlocking from the locking Gelung pouches (68) are extended,
characterized,
that a locking status is automatically checked by means of a control of the Kelly bars,
whereby the control device (20) of the power rotary head (30) and / or the main cable winch (50) are actuated so that the Kelly bars (42, 46) are moved axially relative to one another,
that a displacement path of the Kelly bars (42, 46) relative to one another and / or an axial force when moving the Kelly bars (42, 46) are detected by means of at least one detection device, and
that a locking state of the Kelly bars is determined by the control depending on the detected travel path and / or the detected axial force. Method according to claim 9,
characterized,
that for testing a soil cultivation tool (36) is placed on the Kelly linkage (40) on the ground. Method according to claim 9 or 10,
characterized,
that a borehole is made in the ground. Method according to claim 11,
characterized,
that the borehole is filled to form a foundation element. Method according to one of Claims 9 to 12,
characterized,
that an automatic locking process is carried out by the controller if no locking status has been determined.

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