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EP3972870A1 - Method for increasing the availability of an electric braking torque of at least one electric machine - Google Patents

Method for increasing the availability of an electric braking torque of at least one electric machine

Info

Publication number
EP3972870A1
EP3972870A1 EP20725510.0A EP20725510A EP3972870A1 EP 3972870 A1 EP3972870 A1 EP 3972870A1 EP 20725510 A EP20725510 A EP 20725510A EP 3972870 A1 EP3972870 A1 EP 3972870A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
charge
high state
management system
event
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20725510.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Markus Becker
Jochen Staack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3972870A1 publication Critical patent/EP3972870A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/22—Dynamic electric resistor braking, combined with dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/58—Combined or convertible systems
    • B60T13/585—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders
    • B60T13/586—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders the retarders being of the electric type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D61/00—Brakes with means for making the energy absorbed available for use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/10—Temporary overload
    • B60L2260/16—Temporary overload of electrical drive trains
    • B60L2260/162—Temporary overload of electrical drive trains of electrical cells or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/60—Regenerative braking
    • B60T2270/604—Merging friction therewith; Adjusting their repartition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine of a vehicle, regardless of the state of charge of an at least one battery coupled to it, which is operated via a battery management system.
  • Battery-operated electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) can transmit a braking torque to the wheels of the at least one electric machine that drives them in generator mode.
  • This braking torque can be applied independently of or in parallel with the torque that a friction brake applies.
  • the mechanical energy generated is converted by the electrical machine into a three-phase electrical alternating voltage and with the interposition of a converter in
  • BEV battery-operated electric vehicle
  • PHEV plug-in hybrid vehicle
  • Vehicles can now brake autonomously, for example in the area of "active safety" in order to protect pedestrians by emergency braking triggered by a driver assistance system.
  • the braking torque of a friction brake builds up within a time window of 200 to 300 milliseconds until the maximum achievable braking torque is available.
  • a method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine of a vehicle is proposed regardless of the state of charge of at least one battery coupled to it, which has a
  • the following method steps are run through: a) operating the at least one electrical machine in generator mode, b) communicating the occurrence of an "emergency braking" event to the
  • the maximum braking torque can be made available, so that valuable braking distance can be saved with regard to the resulting braking distance, since the braking torque that is applied by the electrical machine is made available without delay can be, in contrast to the above-mentioned time window, which is required to provide the maximum braking torque of the friction brake.
  • the occurrence of the “emergency braking” event is transmitted from a control unit of the vehicle to the battery management system via a bus system.
  • the at least one brake shunt can be installed on the at least one battery having a high state of charge.
  • the at least one brake shunt can be installed on the at least one battery having a high state of charge.
  • Method step d) to install at least one brake shunt on an additional control unit of the vehicle Both installation locations for the at least one brake shunt are possible in principle.
  • step d) of converting excess electricity into heat when the "emergency braking" event occurs the occurrence of this event is transmitted from the vehicle's control unit to the battery management system and to the additional control unit via a coordinator, so that the information about the occurrence of the "Emergency braking" event is present at the same time on the battery management system and on the additional control unit.
  • the solution proposed according to the invention advantageously ensures that the vehicle is braked with a maximum brake torque that can be generated when the “emergency braking” event occurs.
  • the braking torque of the friction brake which is generated with a slight time delay, interacts on the one hand with the directly effective electrical braking torque of the at least one electrical machine on the other, so that the braking distance is minimized.
  • the maximum regenerative braking torque that can be generated can only be set if the current generated in generator mode can also be absorbed by the at least one battery. It is generally harmful to battery cells, over long periods of time with too high a
  • the battery having a high state of charge changes its operating mode, triggered by the notification of the occurrence of the “emergency braking” event by the vehicle control unit to the battery management system.
  • This change in the operating state enables the state of charge to be high Having battery provides a maximum power consumption and consequently the protection of the battery in this case has a lower priority. Permanent degradation, ie lifetime damage to the battery through to a defect, can also be accepted.
  • the method proposed according to the invention can also be used in drives with several electrical machines.
  • the alternative solution according to method step d) of the method proposed according to the invention provides that electrical current generated in generator operation is converted into heat by at least one shunt, in particular a single-use braking shunt.
  • at least one shunt in particular a single-use braking shunt.
  • lifetime damage to batteries having a high state of charge is avoided.
  • inexpensive single-use braking shunts could be used, which could be replaced in a workshop after an emergency braking maneuver.
  • the installation location of the at least one brake shunt can be made either near the battery or in an additional control unit. If the brake shunts, in particular designed as single-use brake shunts, are installed on an additional control unit of the vehicle, the information regarding the occurrence of the
  • the single figure shows the components of an electric drive system, for example an electric vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows that an electrical machine 10, also designated by Mi, is connected in the direction of a feed 14 via a first converter 12 to a battery 32.
  • Reference numeral 20 denotes an electrical machine M n , which is connected to an n th converter 22, via which a battery 32 is also charged in the direction of a feed 24.
  • the two converters 12, 22 are connected to one another via a busbar 30, so that the battery 32 can be charged via all electrical machines 10, 20, Mi ... to M n .
  • All of the currents that supply electrical current via the electrical machines Mi, M n , compare items 10, 20, operated in generator mode, are connected via the busbar 30 to the battery 32 to be charged.
  • the battery 32 to be charged is controlled via a battery management system 34.
  • the occurrence of an “emergency braking” event is transferred to a bus system 38 via a control device 36 of the vehicle, via which this information is passed to the battery management system 34, which controls the battery 32.
  • the battery management system 34 generally operates the battery 32 in normal operation, so that the criteria of durability and self-protection of the battery 32 are taken into account.
  • the criterion of self-protection is to be understood as a uniform balancing of the battery cells of the battery 32, and operating temperatures that are too high or too low are to be avoided. In normal operation of the battery 32 this is through the
  • Battery management system 34 operated in such a way that a maximum
  • An operating mode for the at least one battery 32 is stored in the battery management system 34, which takes account of the “emergency braking” event.
  • the emergency braking operation of the battery 32 it is ensured that the battery 32 provides energy consumption up to the maximum regardless of its state of charge, in particular regardless of a relatively high state of charge. This means that the battery 32 is monitored for damage and destruction, in particular until a fire occurs in the event of overheating. For the usually very short period of an "emergency braking" event, the battery 32, even at a high
  • Electric vehicle be it a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV), for
  • the battery 32 can change its normal behavior and allow a load beyond the normal current and voltage limits for the short period of the "emergency braking" event.
  • the operating mode 1 of the battery 32 is changed, the
  • current generated by the method proposed according to the invention in the generator mode of the electrical machine 10, 20 can be converted into heat in that the current is conducted to at least one brake shunt 40.
  • the at least one brake shunt 40 is preferably designed as a “single-use brake shunt” which can be exchanged in the workshop after an emergency braking maneuver.
  • the installation location of the at least one brake shunt 40 can be either in the vicinity or in the battery 32 or on an additional control device 44. If the brake shunt 40 or at least one single brake shunt is installed on the additional control device 44, a coordinator 46 must ensure that the information about the occurrence of the event
  • the bus system 38 which may be a CAN bus, for example, is assigned the coordinator 46, for example a vehicle control unit (VCU).
  • VCU vehicle control unit
  • both the additional control device 44 and the control device 36 place their corresponding data on the bus system 38.
  • the additional control device 44 is connected to the at least one brake shunt 40 and communicates with the bus system 38 and is electrically connected to the busbar 30 - as indicated in FIG.
  • the battery management system 34 is integrated into the battery 32 in this system configuration.
  • the system configuration shown in FIG. 1 can be used, for example, within a system 1, but the coordinator 46, which communicates with the bus system 38, can be omitted.
  • system 2 the system configuration according to FIG. 1 can be used, but without the coordinator 46 analogous to system 1, with the brake shunt 40 and the additional control unit 44 being integrated into the battery management system 34 in the system permutation according to system 2 could be.
  • system 3 the coordinator 46 can be provided.
  • system 4 unlike the system permutations outlined above, system 1, system 2 or system 3, emergency braking information can be generated in one of the converters 12 or 22, and the control device 36 can be omitted.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for increasing the availability of an electric braking torque of at least one electric machine (10, 20) independently of the state of charge of at least one battery (32) which is coupled to said electric machine and which is operated by means of a battery management system (34). The following method steps are performed: the at least one electric machine (10, 20) is operated in generator mode. The occurrence of an "emergency braking" event is communicated to the battery management system (34) of at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge; the operating mode of the at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge is changed by the battery management system (34) in such a way that, during the "emergency braking" event, the at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge is operated with currents and voltages that go beyond those that are present with normal operation of the at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge. Alternatively, the current generated in the generator mode of the at least one electric machine (10, 20) is converted into heat in at least one brake shunt (40).

Description

Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Verfügbarkeit eines elektrischen Bremsmoments mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine Method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine
Technisches Gebiet Technical area
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Verfügbarkeit eines elektrischen Bremsmoments mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine eines Fahrzeugs unabhängig vom Ladungszustand einer mit dieser gekoppelten mindestens einen Batterie, die über ein Batteriemanagementsystem betrieben wird. The invention relates to a method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine of a vehicle, regardless of the state of charge of an at least one battery coupled to it, which is operated via a battery management system.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Batteriebetriebene Elektrofahrzeuge (BEV) und Plug-In-Hybrid-Fahrzeuge (PHEV) können im Generatorbetrieb der diese antreibende mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine ein Bremsmoment auf die Räder übertragen. Dieses Bremsmoment kann unabhängig vom oder parallel zu dem Moment angelegt werden, welches eine Reibbremse aufbringt. Die dabei erzeugte mechanische Energie wird von der elektrischen Maschine in eine drei-phasige elektrische Wechselspannung und unter Zwischenschaltung eines Umrichters in Battery-operated electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) can transmit a braking torque to the wheels of the at least one electric machine that drives them in generator mode. This braking torque can be applied independently of or in parallel with the torque that a friction brake applies. The mechanical energy generated is converted by the electrical machine into a three-phase electrical alternating voltage and with the interposition of a converter in
Gleichspannung umgewandelt. Mit dieser umgewandelten Gleichspannung wird die Traktionsbatterie eines batteriebetriebenen Elektrofahrzeugs (BEV) und/oder eines Plug-In-Hybrid-Fahrzeugs (PHEV) aufgeladen. Converted to DC voltage. The traction battery of a battery-operated electric vehicle (BEV) and / or a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) is charged with this converted DC voltage.
Fahrzeuge können heute autonom bremsen, zum Beispiel im Bereich„active safety“, um Fußgänger durch eine von einem Fahrassistenzsystem ausgelöste Notbremsung zu schützen. Das Bremsmoment einer Reibbremse baut sich innerhalb eines Zeitfensters von 200 bis 300 Millisekunden auf, bis das maximal erreichbare Bremsmoment zur Verfügung steht. Vehicles can now brake autonomously, for example in the area of "active safety" in order to protect pedestrians by emergency braking triggered by a driver assistance system. The braking torque of a friction brake builds up within a time window of 200 to 300 milliseconds until the maximum achievable braking torque is available.
Darstellung der Erfindung Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Verfügbarkeit eines elektrischen Bremsmoments mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine eines Fahrzeugs unabhängig vom Ladezustand einer mit dieser gekoppelten mindestens einen Batterie vorgeschlagen, die über ein Presentation of the invention According to the invention, a method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine of a vehicle is proposed regardless of the state of charge of at least one battery coupled to it, which has a
Batteriemanagementsystem betrieben wird. Beim erfindungsgemäß Battery management system is operated. When according to the invention
vorgeschlagenen Verfahren werden die nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritte durchlaufen: a) Betreiben der mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine im Generatormodus, b) Übermitteln des Auftretens eines Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ an das proposed method, the following method steps are run through: a) operating the at least one electrical machine in generator mode, b) communicating the occurrence of an "emergency braking" event to the
Batteriemanagementsystem einer einen hohen Ladungszustand Battery management system with a high state of charge
aufweisenden mindestens einen Batterie, c) Änderung des Betriebsmodus1 der mindestens einen einen hohen having at least one battery, c) changing the operating mode 1 of the at least one high
Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie durch das State of charge showing battery by the
Batteriemanagementsystem derart, dass während des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ die mindestens eine einen hohen Ladungszustand Battery management system in such a way that during the "emergency braking" event the at least one has a high state of charge
aufweisende Batterie mit Strömen und Spannungen betrieben wird, die über diejenigen hinausgehen, die im Normalbetrieb der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie vorliegen, oder alternativ d) im Generatormodus der mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine erzeugter Strom wird in mindestens einen Brems-Shunt in Wärme umgewandelt. having battery is operated with currents and voltages that go beyond those that are present in normal operation of the at least one battery having a high state of charge, or alternatively d) current generated in the generator mode of the at least one electrical machine is converted into heat in at least one brake shunt .
Durch die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Lösung kann bei Auslösung eines Notbremsmanövers durch die elektrische Maschine das maximale Bremsmoment zur Verfügung gestellt werden, sodass wertvoller Bremsweg hinsichtlich des sich ergebenden Bremswegs eingespart werden kann, da das Bremsmoment, welches durch die elektrische Maschine aufgebracht wird, verzögerungsfrei zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann, im Gegensatz zu dem obenstehend erwähnten Zeitfenster, welches zur Bereitstellung des maximalen Bremsmoments der Reibbremse erforderlich ist. With the solution proposed according to the invention, when an emergency braking maneuver is triggered by the electrical machine, the maximum braking torque can be made available, so that valuable braking distance can be saved with regard to the resulting braking distance, since the braking torque that is applied by the electrical machine is made available without delay can be, in contrast to the above-mentioned time window, which is required to provide the maximum braking torque of the friction brake.
In Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens wird das Auftreten des Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ von einem Steuergerät des Fahrzeugs an das Batteriemanagementsystem über ein Bussystem übermittelt. Bei der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Lösung wird gemäß Verfahrensschritt c) bei der Änderung des Betriebsmodus1 der mindestens einen einen hohen In a further development of the method proposed according to the invention, the occurrence of the “emergency braking” event is transmitted from a control unit of the vehicle to the battery management system via a bus system. In the solution proposed according to the invention, according to method step c), the change in operating mode 1 of the at least one high
Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie in einen Betriebsmodus gewechselt, der die Bereitstellung einer maximalen Stromaufnahme gegenüber dem Schutz der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie priorisiert. Durch diese Betriebsstrategie wird in Kauf genommen, dass es möglicherweise zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Lebensdauer der Batterie kommen kann, jedoch das Ereignis„Notbremsung“ und dem Schutz von Menschen eine höhere Priorität eingeräumt wird. State of charge having battery changed into an operating mode that prioritizes the provision of a maximum power consumption over the protection of the at least one battery having a high state of charge. This operating strategy accepts that the service life of the battery may be impaired, but the "emergency braking" event and the protection of people are given higher priority.
Bei der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Lösung wird in dem Betriebsmodus, in welchem die mindestens eine einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisende Batterie bei Auftreten des Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ wechselt, eine permanente Degradation der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie in Kauf genommen. In the solution proposed according to the invention, permanent degradation of the at least one battery with a high state of charge is accepted in the operating mode in which the at least one battery having a high state of charge changes when the event “emergency braking” occurs.
Alternativ kann bei dem erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahren ohne Beeinträchtigung der Lebensdauer der Batterie insbesondere dann, wenn diese einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweist, vermieden werden, wenn im Alternatively, in the method proposed according to the invention, without impairing the service life of the battery, in particular when it has a high state of charge, it can be avoided if the
Generatormodus der mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine des Fahrzeugs erzeugter Strom mittels eines Brems-Shunts, der gegebenenfalls als Einmal- Brems-Shunt ausgeführt ist, elektrischer Strom in Wärme umgewandelt wird. Generator mode of the at least one electrical machine of the vehicle generated current by means of a brake shunt, which is optionally designed as a single brake shunt, electrical current is converted into heat.
Dem erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahren weiter folgend, kann bei der alternativen Möglichkeit gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) der mindestens eine Brems- Shunt an der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie verbaut sein. Es besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, gemäß Further following the method proposed according to the invention, in the alternative possibility according to method step d) the at least one brake shunt can be installed on the at least one battery having a high state of charge. However, there is also the possibility according to
Verfahrensschritt d) mindestens einen Brems-Shunt an einem zusätzlichen Steuergerät des Fahrzeugs zu verbauen. Beide Einbauorte für den mindestens einen Brems-Shunt sind prinzipiell möglich. Method step d) to install at least one brake shunt on an additional control unit of the vehicle. Both installation locations for the at least one brake shunt are possible in principle.
Bei der Alternative gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) der Umwandlung überschüssigen Stroms in Wärme bei Auftreten des Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ erfolgt die Übermittlung des Auftretens dieses Ereignisses vom Steuergerät des Fahrzeugs an das Batteriemanagementsystem und an das zusätzliche Steuergerät über einen Koordinator, sodass die Information über das Auftreten des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ gleichzeitig am Batteriemanagementsystem und am zusätzlichen Steuergerät vorliegt. Vorteile der Erfindung In the alternative according to method step d) of converting excess electricity into heat when the "emergency braking" event occurs, the occurrence of this event is transmitted from the vehicle's control unit to the battery management system and to the additional control unit via a coordinator, so that the information about the occurrence of the "Emergency braking" event is present at the same time on the battery management system and on the additional control unit. Advantages of the invention
Durch die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Lösung wird in vorteilhafter Weise erreicht, dass das Fahrzeug beim Auftreten des Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ mit einem maximal erzeugbaren Bremsmoment abgebremst wird. Bei Auftreten dieser Notfallsituation wirken das mit einer geringen Zeitverzögerung erzeugte Bremsmoment der Reibbremse einerseits mit dem unmittelbar wirksamen elektrischen Bremsmoment der mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine andererseits zusammen, sodass der Bremsweg minimiert wird. The solution proposed according to the invention advantageously ensures that the vehicle is braked with a maximum brake torque that can be generated when the “emergency braking” event occurs. When this emergency situation occurs, the braking torque of the friction brake, which is generated with a slight time delay, interacts on the one hand with the directly effective electrical braking torque of the at least one electrical machine on the other, so that the braking distance is minimized.
Das maximal erzeugbare generatorische Bremsmoment kann nur dann gestellt werden, wenn der im Modus Generatorbetrieb erzeugte Strom auch durch die mindestens eine Batterie aufgenommen werden kann. Es ist für Batteriezellen gemeinhin schädlich, über einen längeren Zeitraum mit einer zu hohen The maximum regenerative braking torque that can be generated can only be set if the current generated in generator mode can also be absorbed by the at least one battery. It is generally harmful to battery cells, over long periods of time with too high a
Spannung betrieben zu werden. Ab einem bestimmten Ladungszustand der Batterie ist es nicht mehr möglich, die durch das generatorisch erzeugte Voltage to be operated. Once the battery has reached a certain state of charge, it is no longer possible to use the generated by the generator
Bremsmoment elektrische Energie in diese aufzunehmen, da ansonsten die Batteriespannung auf Dauer zu hoch wird. In diesem Fall sorgt das Braking torque to absorb electrical energy in this, otherwise the battery voltage will be too high in the long run. In this case, that cares
Batteriemanagementsystem der betreffenden Batterie dafür, dass die Schütze geöffnet werden. Dadurch allerdings kann das elektrische Bremsmoment nicht aufrechterhalten werden. Bei der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Lösung wird jedoch durch die Information an das Batteriemanagementsystem, dass es sich um ein außergewöhnliches Ereignis, d. h. das Auftreten des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ handelt, dafür Sorge getragen, dass der Betriebsmodus der Batterie geändert wird und für die Zeitspanne des Auftretens des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ auch für eine einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisende Batterie eine Belastung über die normalen Strom- und Spannungsgrenzen hinaus ermöglicht wird. Dadurch steht auch bei einer einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie das volle Rekuperationsmoment der elektrischen Battery management system for the battery in question to ensure that the contactors are opened. However, this means that the electrical braking torque cannot be maintained. In the solution proposed according to the invention, however, the information to the battery management system indicates that it is an exceptional event, i.e. H. the occurrence of the "emergency braking" event, care must be taken that the operating mode of the battery is changed and, for the period of the occurrence of the "emergency braking" event, a load beyond the normal current and voltage limits is possible even for a battery with a high state of charge becomes. As a result, the full recuperation torque of the electric is available even with a battery with a high state of charge
Maschine zur Verfügung. Machine available.
Beim erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahren wechselt die einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisende Batterie ihren Betriebsmodus, ausgelöst durch die Meldung des Auftretens des Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ durch das Steuergerät des Fahrzeugs an das Batteriemanagementsystem. Dieses Wechseln des Betriebszustands ermöglicht es, dass die einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisende Batterie eine maximale Stromaufnahme bereitstellt und demzufolge der Schutz der Batterie in diesem Fall eine niedrigere Priorität hat. Auch eine permanente Degradation, d. h. eine Lebensdauerschädigung der Batterie bis hin zu einem Defekt, kann in Kauf genommen werden. In the method proposed according to the invention, the battery having a high state of charge changes its operating mode, triggered by the notification of the occurrence of the “emergency braking” event by the vehicle control unit to the battery management system. This change in the operating state enables the state of charge to be high Having battery provides a maximum power consumption and consequently the protection of the battery in this case has a lower priority. Permanent degradation, ie lifetime damage to the battery through to a defect, can also be accepted.
Das erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Verfahren kann auch bei Antrieben mit mehreren elektrischen Maschinen eingesetzt werden. The method proposed according to the invention can also be used in drives with several electrical machines.
Die alternative Lösung gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) des erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens sieht vor, dass im Generatorbetrieb erzeugter elektrischer Strom durch mindestens einen Shunt, insbesondere einen Einmal- Brems-Shunt in Wärme umgewandelt wird. Gemäß der alternativen Lösung wird eine Lebensdauerschädigung von einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterien vermieden. Aus Kostengründen könnten in der alternativen Variante des erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens günstige Einmal-Brems- Shunts eingesetzt werden, die nach einem Notbremsmanöver in einer Werkstatt wieder ausgetauscht werden könnten. In Bezug auf die alternative Lösung des erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) sei angemerkt, dass der Einbauort des mindestens einen Brems-Shunts entweder in der Nähe der Batterie oder in einem zusätzlichen Steuergerät vorgenommen werden kann. Werden die Brems-Shunts, insbesondere ausgestaltet als Einmal- Brems-Shunts, an einem zusätzlichen Steuergerät des Fahrzeugs verbaut, wird durch einen Koordinator die Information hinsichtlich des Auftretens des The alternative solution according to method step d) of the method proposed according to the invention provides that electrical current generated in generator operation is converted into heat by at least one shunt, in particular a single-use braking shunt. According to the alternative solution, lifetime damage to batteries having a high state of charge is avoided. For reasons of cost, in the alternative variant of the method proposed according to the invention, inexpensive single-use braking shunts could be used, which could be replaced in a workshop after an emergency braking maneuver. With regard to the alternative solution of the method proposed according to the invention according to method step d), it should be noted that the installation location of the at least one brake shunt can be made either near the battery or in an additional control unit. If the brake shunts, in particular designed as single-use brake shunts, are installed on an additional control unit of the vehicle, the information regarding the occurrence of the
Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ sowohl an das Batteriemanagementsystem als auch an das zusätzliche Steuergerät des Fahrzeugs versandt. "Emergency braking" event is sent to both the battery management system and the additional control unit of the vehicle.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnung Brief description of the drawing
Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung nachstehend eingehender The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing
beschrieben. described.
Die einzige Figur zeigt die Komponenten eines elektrischen Antriebssystems beispielsweise eines elektrischen Fahrzeugs. The single figure shows the components of an electric drive system, for example an electric vehicle.
Ausführungsformen der Erfindung In der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden gleiche oder ähnliche Elemente mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet, wobei auf eine wiederholte Beschreibung dieser Elemente in Einzelfällen verzichtet wird. Die Figur stellt den Gegenstand der Erfindung nur schematisch dar. Embodiments of the invention In the following description of the embodiments of the invention, the same or similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, a repeated description of these elements being dispensed with in individual cases. The figure represents the subject matter of the invention only schematically.
Aus der schematischen Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 geht hervor, dass eine elektrische Maschine 10, auch mit Mi bezeichnet, in Richtung einer Einspeisung 14 über einen ersten Umrichter 12 mit einer Batterie 32 verbunden ist. Mit Bezugszeichen 20 ist eine elektrische Maschine Mn bezeichnet, die mit einem n- ten Umrichter 22 verbunden ist, über den ebenfalls in Richtung einer Einspeisung 24 eine Batterie 32 geladen wird. Die beiden Umrichter 12, 22 sind über eine Sammelschiene 30 miteinander verbunden, sodass über sämtliche elektrischen Maschinen 10, 20, Mi ... bis Mn die Batterie 32 aufgeladen werden kann. The schematic illustration according to FIG. 1 shows that an electrical machine 10, also designated by Mi, is connected in the direction of a feed 14 via a first converter 12 to a battery 32. Reference numeral 20 denotes an electrical machine M n , which is connected to an n th converter 22, via which a battery 32 is also charged in the direction of a feed 24. The two converters 12, 22 are connected to one another via a busbar 30, so that the battery 32 can be charged via all electrical machines 10, 20, Mi ... to M n .
Sämtliche Ströme, die über die elektrischen Maschinen Mi, Mn, vergleiche Position 10, 20, im Generatormodus betrieben, elektrischen Strom liefern, sind über die Sammelschiene 30 mit der aufzuladenden Batterie 32 verbunden. Die aufzuladende Batterie 32 wird über ein Batteriemanagementsystem 34 gesteuert. All of the currents that supply electrical current via the electrical machines Mi, M n , compare items 10, 20, operated in generator mode, are connected via the busbar 30 to the battery 32 to be charged. The battery 32 to be charged is controlled via a battery management system 34.
Das Auftreten eines Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ wird über ein Steuergerät 36 des Fahrzeugs auf ein Bussystem 38 gelegt, über den diese Information an das Batteriemanagementsystem 34 gelangt, welches die Batterie 32 steuert. The occurrence of an “emergency braking” event is transferred to a bus system 38 via a control device 36 of the vehicle, via which this information is passed to the battery management system 34, which controls the battery 32.
Das Batteriemanagementsystem 34 betreibt die Batterie 32 im Allgemeinen im Normalbetrieb, sodass die Kriterien Langlebigkeit und Eigenschutz der Batterie 32 berücksichtigt werden. Unter dem Kriterium des Eigenschutzes ist eine gleichmäßige Balancierung der Batteriezellen der Batterie 32 zu verstehen, ferner sollen zu hohe oder zu niedrigere Betriebstemperaturen vermieden werden. Im Normalbetrieb der Batterie 32 wird diese durch das The battery management system 34 generally operates the battery 32 in normal operation, so that the criteria of durability and self-protection of the battery 32 are taken into account. The criterion of self-protection is to be understood as a uniform balancing of the battery cells of the battery 32, and operating temperatures that are too high or too low are to be avoided. In normal operation of the battery 32 this is through the
Batteriemanagementsystem 34 derart betrieben, dass eine maximale Battery management system 34 operated in such a way that a maximum
Lebensdauer der Batterie 32 höchste Priorität hat. Life of the battery 32 has the highest priority.
In dem Batteriemanagementsystem 34 ist ein Betriebsmodus für die zumindest eine Batterie 32 hinterlegt, der dem Ereignis„Notbremsung“ Rechnung trägt. In diesem Betriebsmodus, dem Notbremsbetrieb der Batterie 32, ist sichergestellt, dass die Batterie 32 unabhängig von ihrem Ladungszustand, insbesondere unabhängig von einem relativ hohen Ladungszustand, eine Energieaufnahme bis zum Maximum bereitstellt. Dies bedeutet, dass eine Überwachung der Batterie 32 auf Beschädigung und Zerstörung, insbesondere bis zum Auftreten eines Brands bei Überhitzung, erfolgt. Für die in der Regel sehr kurze Zeitspanne eines Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ kann die Batterie 32, selbst bei hohem An operating mode for the at least one battery 32 is stored in the battery management system 34, which takes account of the “emergency braking” event. In this operating mode, the emergency braking operation of the battery 32, it is ensured that the battery 32 provides energy consumption up to the maximum regardless of its state of charge, in particular regardless of a relatively high state of charge. This means that the battery 32 is monitored for damage and destruction, in particular until a fire occurs in the event of overheating. For the usually very short period of an "emergency braking" event, the battery 32, even at a high
Ladungszustand, das volle Rekuperationsmoment der elektrischen Maschine 10, 20 stellen, sodass für die kurze Zeitspanne des Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ das maximale Bremsmoment des Fahrzeugs, sei es ein batteriebetriebenes State of charge, the full recuperation torque of the electrical machine 10, 20, so that the maximum braking torque of the vehicle for the short period of the event "emergency braking", be it battery-operated
Elektrofahrzeug (BEV), sei es ein Plug-In-Hybrid-Fahrzeug (PHEV), zur Electric vehicle (BEV), be it a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV), for
Verfügung steht. Durch den über das Batteriemanagementsystem 34 initiierten Wechsel des Betriebsmodus1 der Batterie 32, kann diese ihr normales Verhalten ändern und für die kurze Zeit des Vorliegens des Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ eine Belastung über die normalen Strom- und Spannungsgrenzen hinaus erlauben. Bei der Änderung des Betriebsmodus1 der Batterie 32 wird die Available. As a result of the change in operating mode 1 of the battery 32 initiated via the battery management system 34, the battery 32 can change its normal behavior and allow a load beyond the normal current and voltage limits for the short period of the "emergency braking" event. When the operating mode 1 of the battery 32 is changed, the
Bereitstellung einer maximalen Stromaufnahme der Batterie 32 gegenüber dem Schutz der Batterie 32 priorisiert. Auch eine permanente Degradation der Batterie 32 bis hin zu ihrem Defekt wird durch den Wechsel des Providing a maximum current consumption of the battery 32 prioritized over the protection of the battery 32. A permanent degradation of the battery 32 through to its defect is also caused by changing the
Betriebszustands bei Auftreten des Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ in Kauf genommen, um die Verletzung von Personen zu vermeiden. Operating state when the "emergency braking" event occurs in order to avoid personal injury.
Alternativ kann durch das erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Verfahren im Generatormodus der elektrischen Maschine 10, 20 erzeugter Strom in Wärme umgewandelt werden, indem der Strom an mindestens einen Brems-Shunt 40 geleitet wird. Der mindestens eine Brems-Shunt 40 wird bevorzugt als„Einmal- Brems-Shunt“ gestaltet, der nach einem Notbremsmanöver in der Werkstatt ausgetauscht werden kann. Alternatively, current generated by the method proposed according to the invention in the generator mode of the electrical machine 10, 20 can be converted into heat in that the current is conducted to at least one brake shunt 40. The at least one brake shunt 40 is preferably designed as a “single-use brake shunt” which can be exchanged in the workshop after an emergency braking maneuver.
Der Einbauort des mindestens einen Brems-Shunts 40 kann sich entweder in der Nähe oder in der Batterie 32 befinden oder an einem zusätzlichen Steuergerät 44 sein. Wird der Brems-Shunt 40 oder mindestens ein Einmal-Brems-Shunt am zusätzlichen Steuergerät 44 verbaut, so ist durch einen Koordinator 46 sicherzustellen, dass die Information des Auftretens des Ereignisses The installation location of the at least one brake shunt 40 can be either in the vicinity or in the battery 32 or on an additional control device 44. If the brake shunt 40 or at least one single brake shunt is installed on the additional control device 44, a coordinator 46 must ensure that the information about the occurrence of the event
„Notbremsung“ sowohl an das Batteriemanagementsystem 34 der Batterie 32 als auch zeitgleich an das zusätzliche Steuergerät 44 verschickt wird. In der in Figur 1 dargestellten System konfiguration ist dem Bussystem 38, bei dem es sich beispielsweise um einen CAN-Bus handeln kann, der Koordinator 46, beispielsweise eine Vehicle Control Unit (VCU), zugeordnet. Darüber hinaus legen sowohl das zusätzliche Steuergerät 44 als auch das Steuergerät 36 ihre entsprechenden Daten auf das Bussystem 38. “Emergency braking” is sent both to the battery management system 34 of the battery 32 and at the same time to the additional control device 44. In the system configuration shown in FIG. 1, the bus system 38, which may be a CAN bus, for example, is assigned the coordinator 46, for example a vehicle control unit (VCU). In addition, both the additional control device 44 and the control device 36 place their corresponding data on the bus system 38.
Das zusätzliche Steuergerät 44 ist mit dem mindestens einen Brems-Shunt 40 verbunden und kommuniziert mit dem Bussystem 38 und ist elektrisch mit der Sammelschiene 30 verbunden - wie in Figur 1 angedeutet. The additional control device 44 is connected to the at least one brake shunt 40 and communicates with the bus system 38 and is electrically connected to the busbar 30 - as indicated in FIG.
Aus der Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 lässt sich des Weiteren entnehmen, dass in dieser Systemkonfiguration das Batteriemanagementsystem 34 in die Batterie 32 integriert ist. It can also be seen from the illustration according to FIG. 1 that the battery management system 34 is integrated into the battery 32 in this system configuration.
In Abwandlung der in Figur 1 dargestellten Systemkonfiguration können nachfolgend kurz skizzierte Systempermutationen vorgenommen werden: In a modification of the system configuration shown in Figure 1, briefly outlined system permutations can be carried out below:
Es kann beispielsweise innerhalb eines Systems 1 die in Figur 1 dargestellte Systemkonfiguration eingesetzt werden, jedoch der Koordinator 46, der mit dem Bussystem 38 kommuniziert, fortgelassen werden. The system configuration shown in FIG. 1 can be used, for example, within a system 1, but the coordinator 46, which communicates with the bus system 38, can be omitted.
In einer weiteren Systempermutation, System 2, kann die System konfiguration gemäß Figur 1 Verwendung finden, jedoch ohne den Koordinator 46 analog zu System 1, wobei in der Systempermutation gemäß System 2 der Brems-Shunt 40 und das zusätzliche Steuergerät 44 in das Batteriemanagementsystem 34 integriert sein können. In a further system permutation, system 2, the system configuration according to FIG. 1 can be used, but without the coordinator 46 analogous to system 1, with the brake shunt 40 and the additional control unit 44 being integrated into the battery management system 34 in the system permutation according to system 2 could be.
In einer weiteren Systempermutation, als System 3 bezeichnet, kann der Koordinator 46 vorgesehen sein. In a further system permutation, referred to as system 3, the coordinator 46 can be provided.
In einer Systempermutation, als System 4 bezeichnet, kann abweichend zu den vorstehend skizzierten Systempermutationen, System 1, System 2 oder System 3, eine Notbremsinformation in einem der Umrichter 12 beziehungsweise 22 generiert werden, und das Steuergerät 36 kann entfallen. In a system permutation, referred to as system 4, unlike the system permutations outlined above, system 1, system 2 or system 3, emergency braking information can be generated in one of the converters 12 or 22, and the control device 36 can be omitted.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die hier beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele und die darin hervorgehobenen Aspekte beschränkt. Vielmehr ist innerhalb des durch die Ansprüche angegebenen Bereichs eine Vielzahl von Abwandlungen möglich, die im Rahmen fachmännischen Handelns liegen. The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described here and the aspects emphasized therein. Rather, it is within the by the Claims specified range, a variety of modifications possible, which are within the scope of professional action.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Verfügbarkeit eines elektrischen 1. Method of increasing the availability of an electrical
Bremsmoments mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine (10, 20) eines Fahrzeugs, unabhängig vom Ladungszustand einer mit dieser gekoppelten mindestens einen Batterie (32), die über ein Braking torque of at least one electrical machine (10, 20) of a vehicle, regardless of the state of charge of at least one battery (32) coupled to it, which has a
Batteriemanagementsystem (34) betrieben wird, mit den nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritten: a) Betreiben der mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine (10, 20) im Generatormodus, b) Übermittlung des Auftretens eines Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ an das Batteriemanagementsystem (34) einer einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden mindestens einen Batterie (32), c) Änderung des Betriebsmodus1 der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie (32) durch das Batteriemanagementsystem (34) derart, dass während des Battery management system (34) is operated, with the following method steps: a) operating the at least one electrical machine (10, 20) in generator mode, b) transmission of the occurrence of an "emergency braking" event to the battery management system (34) of at least one having a high state of charge a battery (32), c) changing the operating mode 1 of the at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge by the battery management system (34) in such a way that during the
Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ die mindestens eine einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisende Batterie (32) mit Strömen und Spannungen betrieben wird, die über diejenigen hinausgehen, die im Normalbetrieb der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie (32) vorliegen, oder d) im Generatormodus der mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine (10, 20) erzeugter Strom wird in mindestens einem Brems-Shunt (40) in Wärme umgewandelt. "Emergency braking" event, the at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge is operated with currents and voltages that exceed those that are present in normal operation of the at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge, or d) in the generator mode of the at least Electricity generated by an electrical machine (10, 20) is converted into heat in at least one brake shunt (40).
2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the
Auftreten des Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ von einem Steuergerät (36) des Fahrzeugs an das Batteriemanagementsystem (34) über ein Bussystem (38) übermittelt wird. Occurrence of the event “emergency braking” is transmitted from a control unit (36) of the vehicle to the battery management system (34) via a bus system (38).
3. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass gemäß Verfahrensschritt c) bei der Änderung des Betriebsmodus1 der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie (32) in einen Betriebsmodus gewechselt wird, der die Bereitstellung einer maximalen Stromaufnahme gegenüber dem Schutz der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand 3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that according to method step c) when the operating mode 1 of the at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge is changed, it is switched to an operating mode that provides maximum power consumption compared to the protection of the at least one has a high state of charge
aufweisenden Batterie (32) priorisiert. having battery (32) prioritized.
4. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass bei dem Betriebsmodus, in welchen die mindestens eine einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisende Batterie (32) bei Auftreten des Ereignisses„Notbremsung“ wechselt, eine permanente Degradation der mindestens einen einen hohen characterized in that in the operating mode in which the at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge changes when the “emergency braking” event occurs, a permanent degradation of the at least one high
Ladezustand aufweisenden Batterie (32) in Kauf genommen wird. State of charge having battery (32) is accepted.
5. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) an der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie (32) mindestens ein Brems-Shunt (40) verbaut wird. characterized in that, according to method step d), at least one brake shunt (40) is installed on the at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge.
6. Verfahren gemäß dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch 6. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Brems-Shunt (40) ein Einmal-Brems-Shunt ist. characterized in that the at least one brake shunt (40) is a single-use brake shunt.
7. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) an einem zusätzlichen Steuergerät (44) mindestens ein Brems-Shunt (40) verbaut wird. characterized in that, according to method step d), at least one brake shunt (40) is installed on an additional control device (44).
8. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass gemäß Verfahrensschritt b) die Übermittlung des Auftretens des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ vom Steuergerät (36) des Fahrzeugs an das 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that according to method step b) the transmission of the occurrence of the "emergency braking" event from the control unit (36) of the vehicle to the
Batteriemanagementsystem (34) und das zusätzliche Steuergerät (44) über einen Koordinator (46) gleichzeitig erfolgt. Battery management system (34) and the additional control device (44) via a coordinator (46) takes place simultaneously.
EP20725510.0A 2019-05-22 2020-05-11 Method for increasing the availability of an electric braking torque of at least one electric machine Pending EP3972870A1 (en)

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DE102019207481.2A DE102019207481A1 (en) 2019-05-22 2019-05-22 Method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine
PCT/EP2020/063038 WO2020234022A1 (en) 2019-05-22 2020-05-11 Method for increasing the availability of an electric braking torque of at least one electric machine

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