EP3941727A1 - Verfahren zum herstellen eines selbstverstärkten thermoplastischen kompositwerkstoffs - Google Patents
Verfahren zum herstellen eines selbstverstärkten thermoplastischen kompositwerkstoffsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3941727A1 EP3941727A1 EP20720338.1A EP20720338A EP3941727A1 EP 3941727 A1 EP3941727 A1 EP 3941727A1 EP 20720338 A EP20720338 A EP 20720338A EP 3941727 A1 EP3941727 A1 EP 3941727A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- temperature
- fabric
- fibers
- polyester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011185 multilayer composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45C—PURSES; LUGGAGE; HAND CARRIED BAGS
- A45C13/00—Details; Accessories
- A45C13/10—Arrangement of fasteners
- A45C13/1023—Arrangement of fasteners with elongated profiles fastened by sliders
- A45C13/103—Arrangement of zip-fasteners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45C—PURSES; LUGGAGE; HAND CARRIED BAGS
- A45C5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid luggage
- A45C5/02—Materials therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
- B29C48/156—Coating two or more articles simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
- B29C48/34—Cross-head annular extrusion nozzles, i.e. for simultaneously receiving moulding material and the preform to be coated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
- B29C70/345—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using matched moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
- D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/44—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with specific cross-section or surface shape
- D03D15/46—Flat yarns, e.g. tapes or films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45C—PURSES; LUGGAGE; HAND CARRIED BAGS
- A45C5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid luggage
- A45C5/03—Suitcases
- A45C2005/032—Suitcases semi-rigid, i.e. resistant against deformation and resilient, e.g. with a resilient frame
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2067/003—PET, i.e. poylethylene terephthalate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2267/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof as reinforcement
- B29K2267/003—PET, i.e. poylethylene terephthalate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/7418—Suitcases
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a self-reinforced thermoplastic composite material with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- WO 2005123369 A1 items of luggage are known in which structural elements, such as the half-shells in particular, are made of a polyolefinic composite material that has a high impact resistance and a low specific weight.
- the composite material consists of a Ge fabric of pre-stretched plastic strips, which are formed from blanks of a film made of polypropylene, polyethylene or a copolymer thereof. These cases have very good properties and are very durable.
- the production is very complex and requires high investments in the production facilities.
- a fundamental problem in production is that the plastic strips must be pre-stretched in order to achieve higher mechanical strength.
- the half-shells or the other structural elements are then produced by hot forming of cut fabric in a heated mold.
- US Pat. No. 5,380,477 A describes a fiber-reinforced laminate that is formed from a matrix of polyamide (“nylon”) and so-called “Bico” fibers, which combine two plastics.
- a core consists e.g. B. made of polyester, while a jacket is also made of polyamide.
- So-called non-wovens are formed from the fibers, i.e. non-woven surfaces.
- Several pieces of tissue are then connected to one another in a mold under the action of pressure and temperature.
- the sheath of the reinforcing fibers melts and bonds with the similar plastic of the matrix fibers.
- the reinforcement fibers made of another plastic are embedded in the matrix.
- the laminates formed in this way contain two plastics, so that single-type recycling is not possible.
- the invention retains the known concept of providing a composite material in the form of a ribbon fabric as a base fabric, from which structural elements can later be made by hot forming in a press mold.
- Essential to the invention is, on the one hand, the choice of material and the structure of the plastic strips used for this purpose.
- the plastic strips according to the invention are chemically made of the same thermoplastic material, which is present in two different forms, namely crystallinities, there is a large difference between the temperature of the matrix material and the fiber material of at least 30 ° C, in particular even of 50 ° C created. This large distance between the temperatures allows the further processing of the base fabric on much simpler and therefore more cost-effective devices. Temperature control to the exact degree is not required, and the use of clamping frames in the manufacture of structural parts can be dispensed with.
- a high mechanical strength is achieved according to the invention by using pre-stretched polyester fibers that are produced in continuous form and embedded in the matrix. It is therefore a matter of taut fibers that are aligned unidirectionally in the matrix.
- the pre-drawn reinforcing polyester fibers embedded in the matrix shrink the subsequent hot forming of the fabric blank or not to an extent that would impair the quality of the product. This means that elements that are free from shrinkage and distortion can be obtained without high manufacturing costs. This is primarily due to the large temperature difference between the individual components of the composite material, so that the fiber components remain unaffected in any case during the subsequent structuring by hot forming.
- both the matrix and the fibers contained therein as multifilament are made of polyester.
- the special feature of the invention is to use partially crystalline polyester for the fibers and amorphous polyester for the matrix.
- flomopolymers or PET copolymers are preferably used in each case, but no other polymers, there are no interfering substances for a later recycling process.
- the separation into partially crystalline polyester for the fibers and amorphous polyester for the matrix leads to the high temperature difference DT between the respective processing temperatures of the two components fibers and matrix, whereby the temperature at which the fibers are so impaired that their strength or even Lose dimensional stability, is significantly higher than the processing temperature of the matrix.
- the fibers Due to this temperature difference, the fibers remain unaffected when they are embedded in the matrix.
- the fibers are not heated too much when the matrix is applied.
- the matrix In the subsequent hot forming of the base fabric made from the plastic strips, the matrix is only heated to the extent that permanent plastic shaping is possible and / or, if necessary, several layers of fabric can be connected to one another, but that the mechanical properties of the fibers contained in the matrix are retained not be affected.
- a very advantageous side effect of the selection of materials mentioned is that partially crystalline polyester can be stretched.
- pre-stretched fibers made of partially crystalline polyester can be subsequently embedded in a matrix, a high strength - under load in the stretching direction of the continuous fibers - of about 400 MPa can be achieved.
- polyester as the starting material makes the product extremely sustainable, because with polyester as a thermoplastic polycondensate, the product properties can be specifically adjusted during the recycling process, and thus the recycled polyester, so-called R-PET, has at least the same product properties has like new goods.
- the reprocessing process can be repeated as often as required so that residual pieces of the composite material, but also parts made from it, can be reprocessed according to type after the end of their useful life. If, for example, suitcases are made from the composite material, suitcases returned by customers can be used to make new suitcases without any loss of quality.
- the polyester waste that arises in various forms around the world can be used.
- the advantage of the selection of materials according to the invention is that all the other elements required for an item of luggage can also be produced from polyester. Textile elements can be welded or glued to the structural elements. Textile elements can be sewn to one another, and the seam can also be produced with a thread made of polyester. The half-shells can be connected by a polyester zipper. Injection molded parts can also be made from polyester, so that the suitcase manufactured in this way can be recycled according to type.
- pre-stretched fibers are first produced from a partially crystalline polyester homopolymer with a melting temperature Tsi by extrusion on at least one spinneret and subsequent stretching.
- the partially crystalline polyester homopolymer has a relative degree of crystallization of more than 75%, based on the absolute crystallinity of the polymer, and a melting temperature of about 260 ° C. ⁇ 10 °.
- the fibers are preferably wound up and then processed further from bobbins in order to be able to compensate for the different throughput speeds during fiber spinning and matrix production.
- the fibers are preferably processed as a multifilament, i.e. as a bundle of a large number of individual fibers, but without twisting, etc.
- the unwound multifilaments are spread apart so that the fiber layer is wider and less high. This results in the adaptation to the ge desired thin rectangular profile of the cross section of the plastic strip.
- the matrix is formed either by online extrusion or in the so-called film stacking process. Both make it possible to embed the fibers in a taut and directional manner in the matrix, so that in a linear extension of the plastic strips produced according to the invention, significantly higher strengths can be achieved than when using nonwoven webs according to the prior art mentioned above.
- the prepared fiber bundle is passed through a wetting tool of an extruder, i.e. through a nozzle tool that allows the fibers to pass through and at the same time applies liquid polyester melt to form a matrix that surrounds the fibers.
- the matrix is formed from a predominantly amorphous polyester homopolymer with a processing temperature T2 of about 210 ° C. This temperature is sufficient to press a flowable melt into the wetting tool and to produce the plastic tape with embedded fibers.
- the fibers remain unaffected because the temperature difference DT between the processing temperature during extrusion and the melting point of the fibers is 50 ° C.
- the temperature difference should be at least 30 ° C, preferably 50 ° C.
- the strand emerging from the wetting tool can then be cooled and calibrated in a known manner, for example by means of a pair of calender rollers.
- the processing temperature can be even lower than with online extrusion, so that the temperature difference of 50 ° C between the processing temperature of the matrix and the temperature at which the fibers have a negative impact is preferably maintained can definitely be achieved.
- the trigger can follow in both manufacturing processes on rubberized rollers. For reasons of economy, a wide band is first extruded, which is then divided into several individual plastic bands with the desired width of 2 mm to 25 mm.
- the plastic straps are then interwoven in a known manner in warp and weft, for example in plain weave or twill weave.
- the type of weave plays a subordinate role in the strength of the finished product. It is only important that with the desired number of fabric layers that are hot-pressed, a seamless, watertight surface is obtained.
- one or more layers of fabric cuttings are placed in a heated press mold and pressed under pressure and heat.
- the hot forming temperature T3 must be in the range from 190 ° C to 230 ° C.
- the processing temperature T2 of the matrix material lies in this interval.
- the hot forming temperature T3 should correspond to the processing temperature T2 of the matrix material or even be a few degrees higher, for example 5 ° C to 10 °, so that the matrix material melts on the surface and the fabric layers pressed together firmly connect.
- the hot forming temperature T3 should correspond to the processing temperature T2 of the matrix material, but if possible a little lower, preferably about 5 ° C to 10 ° C lower. This is sufficient for permanent shaping of the composite material and it prevents the matrix from being melted too far and fibers from being exposed.
- the advantage of the invention is that there is still a large temperature difference to the melting temperature Ti of the fiber material.
- the properties of the fibers are not impaired during hot forming, since their melting temperature is the highest temperature in the overall manufacturing process of the case element, but which is not nearly reached.
- the temperature window does not have to be adhered to to the exact degree in order to reliably avoid impairment of the mechanical properties.
- the structural element formed in this way can also initially be a plate-shaped flat product made of the composite material.
- the fabric layers are then welded and pressed by the folded product manufacturer.
- the processor can produce three-dimensional structural elements from the flat sheet metal by heating them again up to the hot forming temperature or slightly above and then immediately inserting them into a press mold and forming them.
- the surface temperature of the cavity of the press mold is preferably below T2, so that no surface melts whatsoever are caused. In any case, the surface temperature is clearly Lich, namely at least 30 ° C, preferably 50 ° C, below Ti in order to avoid any Liche effect on the fibers embedded in the tapes or bands.
- the advantage for the processor is that the energy expenditure for heating a flat product z. B. in the furnace is significantly less than a prolonged heating of the entire press tool.
- the mold is kept in the range between room temperature and approximately 60 ° C. even by cooling. This enables safe handling without any special protection measures.
- Figure 1 shows a plastic strip 1 that is Herge in the manner according to the invention. It consists of pre-stretched fibers 2, which are formed from a partially crystalline polyester flomopolymer. They are embedded in a matrix 3, which is also formed by a polyester flomopolymer, but in amorphous form, ie with a very low degree of crystallization of less than 10% crystalline fractions.
- the fibers 2 consist of a partially crystalline polyester, the degree of crystallization in the material of the fibers being between 30% and 40%.
- the PET polymer from which the matrix is formed has a relative proportion of a maximum of 10%.
- the PET fiber material has a relative degree of crystallization of 75% to 100% - again based on the absolute maximum achievable with the PET type used.
- the individual plastic strips 1 are then woven together so that a base fabric is formed.
- the relatively large width of the plastic strips used is advantageous in order to impress the base fabric 10 with a certain rigidity. With complicated ones Three-dimensional shapes with narrow radii can be advantageous with a finer fabric.
- the advantage of using large widths of the tapes, in particular up to 25 mm has the further advantage that a water- and gas-tight structural element can be produced with a few layers stacked on top of one another and connected to one another, because the gaps in the tissue are small anyway and due to the connection several layers of fabric can be completely closed under pressure and temperature.
- Another criterion for the number of layers of the base fabric that are pressed together results from the desired strength of the structural element or the mechanical requirements that prevail in later use. It has been shown that 3 to 6 layers of a fabric are sufficient, the plastic bands in the fabric each having a thickness of 80 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- Figure 3 shows the use of structural elements formed from the composite material according to the invention, using the example of a suitcase 100.
- the suitcase 100 has two suitcase shells 101, 102, each of which are three-dimensional structural elements which have been formed from the composite material of the invention .
- the case shells 101, 102 are connected to one another via a textile web 105, which preferably also consists of polyester, in particular a textile cut made of polyester yarn.
- the zip fasteners 103, 104 which are each attached to the edge of the Kofferscha len 101, 102, are preferably made of polyester. This means that the majority of the suitcase can be recycled according to type. Polyester materials are also used as much as possible for the other add-on parts, such as rollers 108 or an extendable bracket 109, so that a modern and durable, but completely recyclable suitcase 100 is available after use.
- the consistent selection of PET as the material also ensures the possibility of hot welding.
- the zippers 103, 104 can preferably be cut directly during the hot forming of the fabric are also inserted and are then pressed into the composite at the edge. But they can also be welded on later. The same also applies to the central web 105 and, if necessary, to other elements that can be welded to the case shells 101, 102, which are the structural components of the case 100.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Purses, Travelling Bags, Baskets, Or Suitcases (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019106772.3A DE102019106772A1 (de) | 2019-03-18 | 2019-03-18 | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines selbstverstärkten thermoplastischen Kompositwerkstoffs |
PCT/DE2020/100217 WO2020187371A1 (de) | 2019-03-18 | 2020-03-18 | Verfahren zum herstellen eines selbstverstärkten thermoplastischen kompositwerkstoffs |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3941727A1 true EP3941727A1 (de) | 2022-01-26 |
Family
ID=70333739
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP20720338.1A Withdrawn EP3941727A1 (de) | 2019-03-18 | 2020-03-18 | Verfahren zum herstellen eines selbstverstärkten thermoplastischen kompositwerkstoffs |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20220001628A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3941727A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN113677508A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019106772A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020187371A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USD977462S1 (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2023-02-07 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Wireless earphone |
USD950525S1 (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-05-03 | Shenzhen Ausounds Intelligent Co., Ltd. | Earphone |
USD1008210S1 (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2023-12-19 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Headphone |
CN114474772B (zh) * | 2022-01-28 | 2024-07-09 | 山东鲁化森萱新材料有限公司 | 一种高强高韧聚甲醛制品的制备方法 |
CN117141003B (zh) * | 2023-10-30 | 2023-12-26 | 天津工业大学 | 一种热塑性复合材料成型方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5443606A (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1995-08-22 | The University Of Tennessee Reserch Corporation | Post-treatment of laminated nonwoven cellulosic fiber webs |
US5380477A (en) * | 1993-05-25 | 1995-01-10 | Basf Corporation | Process of making fiber reinforced laminates |
US5624386A (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1997-04-29 | Bay Mills Limited | Thermoplastic orthopedic brace and method of manufacturing same |
EP1570976A1 (de) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-09-07 | Alcan Technology & Management Ltd. | Verarbeitung von zyklischen Oligomeren zu thermoplastischen PBT-Kunststoffen |
DE102004029453A1 (de) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-06-08 | Samsonite Corp., Denver | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kunststoffteiles, insbesondere Gepäckstückschale, aus selbstverstärktem thermoplastischen Material, Kunststoffteil, hergestellt aus selbstverstärktem thermoplastischen Material und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Kunststoffteiles, insbesondere Gepäckstückschale |
DE102006045069A1 (de) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-04-03 | Sandler Ag | Mehrlagiges Vliesverbundmaterial und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrlagigen Vliesverbundmaterials |
CN102173153A (zh) * | 2010-12-13 | 2011-09-07 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | 一种纤维增强复合材料的制备方法 |
EP2762295B1 (de) * | 2013-02-04 | 2016-04-20 | Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik | Verfahren und Halbzeug zur Herstellung eines Faserverbundformteils und Faserverbundformteil |
DE102016205556A1 (de) * | 2016-04-04 | 2017-10-05 | Röchling Automotive SE & Co. KG | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines LWRT umfassenden Bauteils mit amorphen Phasen im Ausgangsmaterial |
-
2019
- 2019-03-18 DE DE102019106772.3A patent/DE102019106772A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-03-18 WO PCT/DE2020/100217 patent/WO2020187371A1/de unknown
- 2020-03-18 CN CN202080022861.3A patent/CN113677508A/zh active Pending
- 2020-03-18 EP EP20720338.1A patent/EP3941727A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-09-20 US US17/479,762 patent/US20220001628A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN113677508A (zh) | 2021-11-19 |
WO2020187371A1 (de) | 2020-09-24 |
US20220001628A1 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
DE102019106772A1 (de) | 2020-09-24 |
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