EP3815124B1 - Use of a fuse for direct current transmission - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the use of a fuse for direct current transmission.

A direct current transmission, in particular a high-voltage direct current transmission connection (HVDC connection) and/or a medium-voltage direct current transmission connection (MGDC connection), is preferred for power transmission over comparatively long distances, for example over 100 km, in view of the reduced transmission losses from a technical point of view.

It has been shown that direct current transmission can reduce the energy loss compared to alternating current transmission. With an HVDC connection, around 30% to 50% less transmission losses are usually possible than with comparable three-phase overhead lines. Transmission in the medium-voltage direct current range is also associated with significantly fewer transmission losses compared to transmission with alternating or three-phase current.

Especially in the course of the "energy transition" transmission connections for electricity that are as low as possible are required, so that, for example, the electricity coming from offshore wind farms can be transmitted to the mainland and far into the mainland with low losses.

However, it is disadvantageous in the case of HVDC or MGDC connections that in practice - if at all - only a poor or at most sufficient security of the direct current transmission can be guaranteed. In practice, there are no known fuses, especially for HVDC or MGDC connections, which on the one hand withstand the long-term load of direct current transmission and on the other hand can also safely switch off the transmitted direct current in the event of a short circuit. Consequently, direct currents cannot be secured effectively, in particular in sections and/or in the case of a compact, small-sized and/or short design. As a result, in contrast to alternating current, it is not possible in the prior art to connect multiple consumers to a direct current transmission network.

For the low-voltage range, fuses for use in DC voltage circuits are known in the prior art. However, these are not suitable or usable for the high-voltage and/or medium-voltage direct current range. the EP 3 270 403 A1 relates, for example, to such a low-voltage fuse for a DC voltage circuit.

the US 3,851,290A relates to a fuse for protecting direct current.

the CN 207 303 028 U relates to a fuse for protecting DC networks for a traction power network.

the PL 64 376 Y1 relates to a DC fuse that can be used to protect a high voltage.

the EP 2 874 174 A1 relates to a fuse for protecting a photovoltaic system.

The object of the present invention is now to avoid or at least substantially reduce the aforementioned disadvantages in the prior art.

According to the invention, the aforementioned object is at least essentially achieved in that a high-voltage, high-performance fuse is used to secure a direct current transmission, the direct voltage of the direct current and/or the rated voltage of the HH fuse being greater than 4 kV. The high-voltage, high-performance fuse is referred to below as the HV HRC fuse. Consequently, the HV HRC fuse is used in particular in a DC voltage circuit.

HH fuses are known in practice for securing alternating current. They are used in particular to protect AC voltages of more than 1 kV, preferably between 1 kV and 100 kV. Such HH fuses are now used according to the invention for direct current transmission.

When the invention came about, it was surprisingly found that HV HRC fuses are particularly suitable for direct current transmission, in particular for HVDC links or MGDC links. In this way, high direct currents and/or high direct voltages can be secured with the HV HRC fuse will. So far, the prior art has refrained from using the HH fuse known from the field of alternating current transmission for direct current transmission. In particular, securing in the medium-voltage and/or high-voltage area is associated with a large number of requirements and standards that must be observed. A high level of sensitivity and caution with regard to the potential danger resulting from high voltages or currents has meant that known fuses have not been used "randomly" for the transmission of different types of current. Up to now, fuses have always been used for a special, correspondingly declared purpose. In particular, there has not been a sufficient solution for direct current transmission due to the expected problems.

If one of the customers and/or consumers electrically connected to the direct current transmission system caused a short circuit, the entire direct current system would fail. Accordingly, in practice there has been a refusal to use fuses in direct current networks or from direct current transmission, since the protection required for a stable and safe power network or direct voltage circuit could not be permanently guaranteed.

Surprisingly and unforeseeably, however, it has been found according to the invention that if the HV HRC fuse is used for direct current transmission, the necessary safety, in particular in the event of an overload and/or short circuit, can be guaranteed. In particular, it was found that in the event of an overload and also in the event of a short circuit, damage to the fuse housing of the HV HRC fuse, in particular associated with an escape of extinguishing agent and/or an arc, can be prevented. In simulated long-term tests, it has been determined that even with long-term use of the HV HRC fuse to secure DC transmission, for example for a period of more than five years, preferably more than ten years, more preferably more than 15 years, the safety guidelines required, particularly those specified by law, and /or regulations can be complied with.

According to the invention, a fuse can therefore be provided which can be used for direct current transmission in the medium-voltage and/or high-voltage level. In particular, it is possible through the use according to the invention to connect a plurality of customers and/or consumers to the DC connection or to be connected to the DC voltage circuit, which are protected by at least one HH fuse. If a consumer fails, especially in the event of a short circuit, the direct current transmission network does not collapse.

Sections of the direct current network can preferably be protected by means of HV HRC fuses.

The HV HRC fuse used according to the invention is a fuse which, as an overcurrent protection device, interrupts the circuit by melting a fusible conductor if the current intensity exceeds a specific value for a sufficient period of time. The time required to switch the fuse is preferably very short, in particular in the millisecond range.

According to the invention, it is provided that the HV HRC fuse has a fuse housing that is at least partially open on two end faces. At least one contact cap designed for electrical contacting is arranged on the front side of the fuse housing. At least one fusible conductor wound spirally and/or in a helix shape around a star-shaped fusible conductor carrier is arranged in the fuse housing. The length of the HH fuse can be kept as short as possible by winding the at least one fusible conductor, since the length of the fusible conductor can be increased by the helical and/or spiral winding.

The required length of the fusible conductor is used to transmit the DC voltage, which does not correspond to the length of the entire HV HRC fuse because the fusible conductor is wound around the fusible conductor carrier. Ultimately, the length of the fusible conductor is greater or much greater than the length of the HH fuse.

The fusible conductor carrier is preferably designed in such a way that the fusible conductor rests at certain points—possibly at a plurality of contact points—in particular at least essentially with each turn. Accordingly, the fusible conductor carrier can have projections and depressions resulting between the projections. An at least essentially star-shaped configuration of the fusible conductor carrier is very particularly preferred.

In particular, the characteristic values and/or rated values, preferably the rated voltage range and/or the rated current strength range, are to be determined or ascertained for the respective HV HRC fuse that is to be used in a DC voltage circuit. These characteristics preferably differ from the characteristics of an AC HV HRC fuse. The measurement voltage and/or the rated current range of the HV HRC fuse according to the invention is preferably more than 20%, preferably more than 30%, more preferably more than 50%, and/or between 10% and 90%, preferably between 20% and 80% %, more preferably between 40% and 70%, reduced or reduced in comparison to an AC voltage HH fuse of the same design.

The DC voltage of the transmitted direct current and/or the rated voltage or the rated voltage range of the HV HRC fuse is preferably greater than 5 kV, preferably greater than 10 kV, more preferably greater than 15 kV. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the DC voltage and/or the rated voltage of the HH fuse is less than 150 kV, preferably less than 100 kV, more preferably less than 75 kV, more preferably more less than 52 kV and/or between 4 kV and 100 kV, preferably between 5 kV to 80 kV, more preferably between 10 kV to 52 kV. The rated voltage or the rated voltage range of the HV HRC fuse is to be understood in particular as the voltage or the voltage range at which the fuse is used and/or has been tested for the fuse. A basic distinction must be made between an upper rated voltage and a lower rated voltage, with the lower rated voltage specifying the voltage at which the HV HRC fuse still switches, while the upper rated voltage represents the upper limit for the DC voltage to be transmitted. Consequently, the rated voltage or the rated voltage range specifies the permissible voltage range of the HV HRC fuse. In particular, the rated voltage range corresponds to the DC voltage range that can be protected by the HV HRC fuse.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the smallest breaking current of the HH fuse is greater than 3 A, preferably greater than 5 A, more preferably greater than 10 A. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the smallest breaking current of the HH fuse is less than 1 kA, preferably less than 500 A, more preferably less than 300 A, and/or between 3 A and 700 A, preferably between 5 A and 500 A, more preferably between 15 A to 300 A. The rated value of the minimum breaking current is to be understood as the smallest breaking current. From this current level, the HH fuse is able to switch the overcurrent. As a result, the electrical components (customers, direct current source, etc.) must be arranged and/or designed on the HV HRC fuse(s) in such a way that no overcurrent can occur at the inlet point of the fuse that falls below the smallest breaking current. The smallest breaking current can depend on the selected design of the HV HRC fuse. Accordingly, it is possible according to the invention to switch off comparatively low currents of the direct current at a high direct voltage.

The rated switching capacity is preferably greater than 1 kA, preferably greater than 10 kA, more preferably greater than 20 kA, and/or is between 1 kA and 100 kA, preferably between 10 kA and 80 kA, more preferably between 10 kA and 50 kA . The rated switching capacity of the HV HRC fuse is to be understood in particular as the rated value of the largest breaking current. The largest breaking current is the maximum direct current that the fuse can still switch. Consequently, the rated switching capacity of the HV HRC fuse should be greater than the maximum short-circuit current at the point of use of the HV HRC fuse.

According to the invention, the direct current that is transmitted and secured by the HV HRC fuse and/or the rated current range is greater than 5 A, preferably greater than 10 A, more preferably greater than 15 A. Alternatively or additionally, another embodiment of the inventive idea provides that the direct current is between 10 A and 75 kA, preferably between 15 A and 50 kA. In particular, the current strength range of the direct current to be transmitted is specified as a function of the rated switching capacity and the smallest breaking current of the HV HRC fuse.

Ultimately, it goes without saying that, depending on the respective direct current transmission, different HV HRC fuses can also be provided, which can be designed for the respective application. The design of the HV HRC fuse can be selected depending on the direct current to be transmitted and/or the direct voltage.

Furthermore, the product (mathematical multiplication) of the direct current secured by the HH fuse and the direct voltage is preferably larger than 5 kW, preferably greater than 50 kW, more preferably greater than 700 kW. Alternatively or additionally, it is provided that the product of the direct current secured by the HV HRC fuse and the direct voltage is less than 3000 MW, preferably less than 2000 MW, more preferably less than 1000 MW, and/or between 5 kW and 3000 MW, preferably between 500 kW and 2000 MW, more preferably between 700 kW and 1000 MW.

In particular, the product of the direct current secured by the HV HRC fuse and the DC voltage can correspond to the power of the consumer and/or consumers secured by the HV HRC fuse (total power). Ultimately, the aforementioned product corresponds in particular to the performance that can be secured by the HV HRC fuse.

According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the HH fuse has at least two fusible conductors, preferably between 2 and 10 fusible conductors, more preferably between 3 and 5 fusible conductors, which are arranged in the fuse housing. In particular, the fusible conductors are electrically connected to one another and/or to the contact cap.

The direct current transmission is particularly preferably a medium-voltage direct current transmission (MGDC) and/or a high-voltage direct current transmission (HVDC), preferably in a decentralized supply network. Consequently, the HV HRC fuse can be used in networks that are arranged in the medium-voltage direct current range and/or in the high-voltage direct current range. A medium-voltage direct current range is to be understood in particular as a direct voltage of greater than 1 kV, preferably greater than 2 kV, more preferably greater than 4 kV, and/or less than 50 kV, preferably less than 40 kV, more preferably less than 30 kV. A high-voltage direct current range is to be understood in particular as a voltage range of more than 60 kV, preferably more than 100 kV, more preferably more than 200 kV.

The HV HRC fuse is preferably provided for use in a decentralized supply network, with which industrial plants, large complexes, for example shopping centers or the like, and/or a plurality of households are supplied with electricity. In addition, at least one energy conversion system for generating electricity, preferably direct current, can be arranged in the decentralized supply network, by means of which the industrial plants, large complexes and/or households can be supplied. Very particularly preferred the decentralized supply networks form so-called isolated solutions, which are preferably independent of the public power grid.

The HH fuse can preferably be arranged in a medium-voltage direct current transmission network, in particular in a medium-voltage direct current system. At least one direct current device, in particular an MVDC device (Medium Voltage Direct Current Device, in German: medium-voltage direct current device), can be arranged in the medium-voltage direct current transmission network. The direct current can be made available to the medium-voltage direct current transmission network by an energy conversion plant.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided according to the invention that the direct current comes from a photovoltaic system and/or a photovoltaic area system, in particular a solar park, and/or a wind power plant and/or a wind farm, in particular an offshore wind farm. Alternatively and/or additionally, it is possible according to the invention that the current originating in particular from at least one of the aforementioned energy conversion systems is used to supply a self-contained or encapsulated medium-voltage and/or high-voltage network. In particular, direct currents originating from renewable energies can be used to supply consumers. In particular, the electricity generated in the aforementioned systems is direct current, which preferably does not have to be converted into alternating current before it is fed into the grid.

The fuse housing of the HH fuse is preferably designed in the form of a hollow cylinder and/or tubular. The top and bottom of the fuse housing is in particular designed to be open, at least in certain areas.

At the front, the fuse housing can be closed, preferably firmly, by the contact cap. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the contact cap is placed on the fuse housing at the front. In particular, the contact cap is used for electrical contacting, with the fusible conductor being electrically connected to the contact cap.

At least one contact cap preferably covers at least a partial area of the fuse housing, in particular a partial area of the lateral surface in the front area. Due to the area-wise overlap in the front area of the fuse housing a fixed arrangement of the contact cap on the fuse housing can be ensured.

According to a further preferred embodiment, another upper cap is arranged in front of the contact cap, which is placed on the contact cap and/or at least partially covers the contact cap. The inner contact cap can be designed as an auxiliary cap. The two-part design of the contact cap enables reliable electrical contacting to be achieved, which is particularly advantageous in long-term use. Furthermore, this embodiment enables a particularly firm attachment or arrangement of the contact cap to the fuse housing.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, it is provided that the fuse housing has and/or consists of a ceramic material. Ceramic material is to be understood in particular as meaning a large number of inorganic, non-metallic materials, which can preferably be divided into the types of earthenware, earthenware, stoneware, porcelain and/or special materials. Electroceramics and/or high-temperature special masses are preferably provided as special ceramic masses.

An extinguishing agent, in particular an extinguishing sand filling, preferably quartz sand, and/or air can be provided in the fuse housing. When the HV HRC fuse is switched, in particular in the event of a short circuit, the extinguishing agent is used to extinguish an arc and/or to cool down the possibly melted fusible conductor or the remains of the fusible conductor.

The fusible conductor can be at least partially embedded in the extinguishing agent or surrounded by the extinguishing agent, so that the extinguishing agent can act on the fusible conductor, in particular when the fusible conductor melts.

In particular, silver, preferably fine silver, and/or electrolytic copper is provided as the material for the fusible conductor. In particular, the fusible conductor can consist of the aforementioned materials. The fusible conductor is preferably designed as a fine silver strip and/or in the form of a strip.

In a further preferred embodiment, the fuse housing is at least essentially hermetically encapsulated. Under a hermetic encapsulation or blocking is to be understood as meaning an airtight and/or gas-tight sealing of the system, in particular one protected against water and/or liquids.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the fusible conductors are electrically connected in parallel and/or are wound at least essentially helically around the fusible conductor carrier. The parallel electrical connection of the fusible conductors is advantageous with a plurality of fusible conductors in the event of a short circuit or the triggering of the HRC fuse, since the triggering of only one fusible conductor is sufficient for switching. Due to the helical winding of the fusible conductor, the length of the fusible conductor required for the fuse can be enclosed in the fuse housing.

The fusible conductor carrier can be formed in one piece or from several elements. In particular, the fuse element carrier has and/or consists of hard porcelain as the material. In addition, the fusible conductor carrier can be designed in such a way that a plurality of chambers are formed, in particular in which case a cross-sectional constriction can be provided in one chamber. Due to the constricted cross-section, a large number of partial arcs can occur on each fusible conductor when the fuse responds, so that the amount of heat converted during the opening process can be distributed evenly over the entire length of the fuse tube.

In a further, very particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the HH fuse has a triggering device. The tripping device can be designed for switching a device arranged on the HV HRC fuse, in particular a transformer switch and/or a load switch, preferably with trip-free release, and/or arranged in a contact cap. In particular, the triggering device has a firing pin triggering mechanism. When the firing pin release mechanism is triggered, it is provided that the firing pin, which is in particular at least essentially cylindrical, pierces through the contact cap, preferably a tightly soldered copper foil.

The firing pin of the firing pin triggering mechanism of the triggering device can be triggered by an auxiliary fuse element. In particular, the firing pin is triggered in the event of a short circuit.

A prestressed spring is preferably assigned to the firing pin, the spring being able to be designed in such a way that when the auxiliary fuse element is triggered, in particular in the event of a short circuit, the firing pin emerges from the end face of one of the contact caps. In particular, the firing pin can act on a load switch, which can then switch off the faulty current on all poles.

Provision is particularly preferably made for the auxiliary fusible conductor to run over the entire length of the fuse housing and/or axially through the center of the fusible conductor carrier. Accordingly, the auxiliary fusible conductor does not have to be wound around the fusible conductor carrier.

In addition, the auxiliary fusible conductor can be connected in parallel to the fusible conductor and/or the fusible conductors, in particular so that when a fusible conductor melts, a current flows through the auxiliary fusible conductor, which leads to activation of the firing pin.

A safety device can preferably be assigned to the triggering device, which is designed in such a way that after the trigger pin has been triggered, it can no longer be pressed and/or displaced into the fuse housing. Accordingly, if the firing pin is triggered, the safety device prevents the firing pin from being able to resume the position it was in before it was released. In this way, the load switch to be arranged on the firing pin can be permanently actuated by the firing pin in the event of a short circuit—in particular as long as the direct current is to be capped or switched off.

At least one display device can be assigned to the HH fuse. In particular, the display device is designed for the optical display of a state. The display device can also be arranged in the contact cap. Furthermore, the display device can be used as an alternative to the firing pin triggering mechanism and display the triggering of the fuse by means of an optical and/or acoustic signal. Ultimately, the display device is used to inform the operating personnel that the HH fuse has tripped.

According to a further embodiment it is provided that the contact caps have a galvanic coating and/or a silver coating. The contact caps can have electrolytic copper and/or aluminum as the material and/or consist of it. The aforementioned materials enable good electrical contact.

According to another preferred embodiment, it is provided that the fusible conductor, in particular in the form of a strip, is designed with a corrugated and/or zigzag shape and/or wave shape, preferably in cross section. Ultimately, the corrugated or corrugated fusible conductor can be wound helically around the fusible conductor carrier.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a system with a consumer that can be supplied with direct current and with at least one HV HRC fuse. The direct current is transmitted to the consumer, whereby the direct current can be secured by the HH fuse. In this case, a consumer is preferably provided as the recipient.

In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, reference is made to the previous explanations with regard to the use of the HH fuse, which also apply in the same way to the system according to the invention. Ultimately, it goes without saying that the advantages and preferred embodiments of the use according to the invention that have already been presented can also be transferred to the system according to the invention.

According to the invention, the customer, which can in particular also be formed from a plurality of customers, has a (total) output of between 50 kW and 300 MW, preferably between greater than 50 kW, more preferably greater than 700 kW, and/or a (Total) power of less than 3000 MW, preferably less than 2000 MW, more preferably less than 1000 MW. Furthermore, alternatively or additionally, the output of the consumer can be between 50 kW and 3000 MW, preferably between 50 kW and 2000 MW, more preferably between 700 kW and 1000 MW. Consequently, consumers with a high power can also be supplied by the direct current transmission network, which is protected according to the invention by at least one HV HRC fuse.

Furthermore, it is understood that the aforementioned intervals and range limits contain any intermediate intervals and individual values contained therein and are to be regarded as disclosed as essential to the invention, even if these intermediate intervals and individual values are not specifically specified.

Further features, advantages and possible applications of the present invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing and the drawing itself Summary in the claims and their reference.

Fig. 1A

eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung einer HH-Sicherung zur Sicherung einer Gleichstromübertragung,

Fig. 1B

eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung der HH-Sicherung zur Sicherung der Gleichstromübertragung,

Fig. 2

eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen HH-Sicherung,

Fig. 3

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen HH-Sicherung,

Fig. 4

eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen HH-Sicherung,

Fig. 5

eine schematische Querschnittsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen HH-Sicherung und

Fig. 6

eine schematische Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen HH-Sicherung.

It shows:

Figure 1A

a schematic representation of the principle of using an HH fuse according to the invention to secure a direct current transmission,

Figure 1B

a schematic representation of the principle of a further embodiment of the use of the HH fuse according to the invention for securing direct current transmission,

2

a schematic perspective view of an HH fuse according to the invention,

3

a schematic side view of a further embodiment of an HH fuse according to the invention,

4

a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of an HH fuse according to the invention,

figure 5

a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of an HH fuse according to the invention and

6

a schematic side view of a further embodiment of an HH fuse according to the invention.

Figure 1A shows the use of a high-voltage, high-performance fuse 1 (HVF fuse 1) to secure a DC transmission. In the Figures 1A and 1B the HH fuse 1 is arranged between a direct current source 15 and a customer 8 . The direct current that is transmitted to the consumer or consumers 8 flows through the HV HRC fuse 1.

The direct voltage of the direct current and/or the rated voltage of the HV HRC fuse 1 is greater than 4 kV.

2 shows a fuse housing 3 and contact caps 4 of the HH fuse 1. What is not shown is that the fuse housing 3 is at least essentially open at the two end faces 2. The contact caps 4 are used for electrical contact. In the fuse box 3 is like out 3 As can be seen, at least one fusible conductor 6 is arranged, which is wound around a fusible conductor carrier 5 in a spiral or helical form.

the Figures 3 and 4 show that the fusible conductor carrier 5 is at least essentially star-shaped. The star-shaped formation of the fusible conductor carrier 5 is also figure 5 apparent. The fusible conductor carrier 5 has—seen in cross section—projections 13 or webs, with recesses or depressions 14 being provided between the projections 13 or webs. The projections 13 are designed in such a way that they can be used to support the fusible conductor 6 at least essentially at certain points. The fusible conductor 6 does not rest on the surface of the fusible conductor carrier 5 between the projections 13 .

At the in the Figures 1A and 1B illustrated embodiments, the DC voltage of the direct current is greater than 4 kV and less than 80 kV. In further embodiments, the DC voltage can be between 4 kV and 52 kV. In further embodiments, the rated voltage or the rated voltage range of the HV HRC fuse 1 is greater than 5 kV and/or less than 100 kV and/or is between 4 kV and 100 kV, preferably between 5 kV and 80 kV.

Furthermore, when in the Figures 1A and 1B illustrated use of the HV HRC fuse 1 for direct current transmission provided that the smallest breaking current of the HV HRC fuse is 1 50 A ± 20 A. In further embodiments, the smallest breaking current of the HV HRC fuse 1 can be greater than 3 A and/or less than 500 A and/or between 3 A and 700 A, preferably between 5 A and 500 A.

The rated switching capacity or the maximum breaking current of the HV HRC fuse 1 is in the in 3 illustrated embodiment greater than 1 kA and / or is between 20 kA to 50 kA.

The in the Figures 1A and 1B The direct current source 15 shown provides direct current with a current greater than 5 amps. In particular, the amperage of the direct current and/or the rated amperage range is between 10 A and 75 kA.

Depending on the transmitted direct current and the direct voltage, the product of the direct current secured by the HV HRC fuse 1 and the direct voltage can vary. in the in Figures 1A and 1B illustrated embodiments, the aforementioned product is 1000 kW ± 500 kW. In further embodiments, the product (mathematical multiplication) of the direct current secured by the HV HRC fuse 1 and the direct voltage can be between 5 kW and 3000 MW, in particular between 700 kW and 1000 MW.

4 shows that at least two fusible conductors 6 are arranged in the fuse housing 3. Provision can be made in further embodiments for two to ten fusible conductors 6 to be used.

What is not shown is that the direct current transmission is a medium-voltage direct current transmission (MGDC) and/or a high-voltage direct current transmission (HVDC), in particular in a decentralized supply network. Medium-voltage direct current transmission has a direct voltage of up to 30 kV. A high-voltage direct current transmission has a direct voltage of over 50 kV.

The HV HRC fuse 1 can also be arranged in a medium-voltage direct current transmission network, in particular in a medium-voltage direct current system with at least one MVDC device.

Furthermore, it is not shown that the direct current source 15 is a photovoltaic system and/or a photovoltaic area system (ie a solar park) and/or a wind power plant and/or a wind park, in particular an offshore wind park. In particular, the aforementioned energy conversion systems make direct current available to the direct current network. The by the aforementioned energy conversion plants The electricity generated can be electrically transmitted to consumers 8 by at least one HH fuse 1.

In addition, in the Figures 1A and 1B a system 7 with a customer 8 that can be supplied with direct current is shown. In particular, the buyer 8 is a consumer or a plurality of consumers. Furthermore, the system 7 has an HH fuse 1 which is designed to protect the direct current transmitted to the customer 8 . What is not shown is that the output of the consumer 8 is greater than 5 kW and/or less than 2000 MW. In particular, the HH fuse 1 is used in a DC network.

2 shows that the fuse housing 3 is in the form of a hollow cylinder or tube. On the front side, the fuse housing 3 is firmly closed by the contact caps 4 , it being possible for the contact cap 4 to be placed on the fuse housing 3 .

In 2 it is shown that the contact cap 4 covers at least a partial area of the lateral surface 9 in the front area of the fuse housing 3 .

What is not shown is that the contact cap 4 is assigned a further upper cap, which is placed in front of the contact cap 4 and at least partially covers the contact cap 4 . In this case, the contact cap 4 represents a so-called inner auxiliary cap.

This in 2 Fuse housing 3 shown has a ceramic material. In further embodiments, the fuse housing 3 can consist of a ceramic material.

What is not shown is that an extinguishing agent is provided in the fuse housing 3 . An extinguishing sand filling, preferably quartz sand, and/or air can be used as the extinguishing agent.

4 shows that the fusible conductor 6 is electrically connected to the contact cap 4.

What is not shown is that the fusible conductor 6 is at least partially, in particular completely, embedded in the extinguishing agent or surrounded by the extinguishing agent.

Furthermore shows 4 that the fusible conductor 6 is formed wavy or corrugated, so that - seen in cross section - results in a zigzag shape. A non-corrugated fusible conductor 6 is in 3 illustrated embodiment provided.

At the in 4 illustrated fusible conductor 6 is provided as the material silver, in particular fine silver. The fusible conductor 6 can be designed as a fine silver band. In further embodiments it is provided that the fuse element 6 has and/or consists of electrolytic copper as the material.

In addition, it is not shown that the fuse housing 3 is at least essentially hermetically encapsulated.

The fusible conductors 6 wound helically around the fusible conductor carrier 5 are in 4 illustrated embodiment connected in parallel. the inside 4 illustrated fusible conductor carrier 5 is formed in one piece. In further embodiments, the fusible conductor carrier 5 can be constructed from a number of elements. Hard porcelain can be provided as the material for the fuse element carrier 5 .

In a further embodiment, the fusible conductor carrier 5 can be designed in such a way that a plurality of chambers is formed, in particular with a cross-sectional constriction being provided in at least one chamber.

6 shows that the HH fuse 1 has a tripping device 10 . The tripping device 10 is designed to switch a device arranged on the HV HRC fuse 1 . This facility is not in the in 6 illustrated embodiment shown. A transformer switch and/or a load switch, preferably with a trip-free mechanism, can be provided as the device. The triggering device 10 is in 6 illustrated embodiment at least partially arranged in the contact cap 4.

Furthermore, the triggering device 10 has a firing pin triggering mechanism. When the triggering device 10 is triggered, the firing pin 11 can penetrate the upper side of the contact cap 4, which is sealed against the ingress of liquids or gases when in use. Furthermore, in the in 6 shown Exemplary embodiment provided that the firing pin 11 is connected to an auxiliary fusible conductor 12. The firing pin 11 can be triggered by the auxiliary fusible conductor 12, particularly in the event of a short circuit. The firing pin 11 can be associated with a preloaded spring which is designed when the auxiliary fuse element 12 is triggered in such a way that the firing pin 11 emerges from the end face of one of the contact caps 4 . In particular, the firing pin 11 can act on a load switch, which can switch off the faulty current on all poles.

6 shows that the auxiliary fuse element 12 runs over the entire length of the fuse housing 3. In addition, the auxiliary fusible conductor 12 is routed axially through the center of the fusible conductor carrier 5 .

What is not shown is that the auxiliary fusible conductor 12 is electrically connected in parallel with the fusible conductor 6 or the fusible conductors 6 .

Furthermore, it is not shown that a safety device is assigned to the triggering device 10 . The safety device can be designed in such a way that, after the firing pin 11 has been triggered, it can no longer be pressed and/or displaced into the safety housing 3 .

It is also not shown that at least one display device is assigned to the HH fuse 1 as an alternative or in addition to the firing pin triggering mechanism. The display device can be designed for the optical and/or acoustic display of a state and can be triggered or activated in particular when the HH fuse 1 is triggered. The display device can be arranged at least partially in a contact cap 4 .

It is not shown that the contact cap 4 has a galvanic coating and/or a silver coating and/or has and/or consists of electrolytic copper and/or aluminum as the material.

Reference list:

1

HH fuse

2

end faces of 3

3

fuse box

4

contact cap

5

fusible element carrier

6

fusible conductor

7

system

8th

customer

9

lateral surface of 3

10

release device

11

firing pin

12

auxiliary fuse element

13

lead of 5

14

deepening of 5

15

direct current source

Claims (9)

1. Use of a high-voltage high-capacity fuse, hereinafter referred to as HH-fuse (1), for protecting a direct-current transmission, the direct voltage of the direct current and/or the rated voltage of the HH-fuse (1) being greater than 4 kV, wherein
   the HH-fuse (1) has a fuse housing (3) which is at least partially open on two end faces (2), at least one contact cap (4) designed for electrical contacting being arranged on each end face of the fuse housing (3), at least one fusible conductor (6) wound spirally around a fusible conductor carrier (5) being arranged in the fuse housing (3), the transmitted direct current and/or the rated current intensity range being greater than 5 A, characterized in that the fusible conductor carrier (5) is of star-shaped design.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the DC voltage of the DC current and/or the rated voltage of the HH-fuse (1) is greater than 5 kV, preferably greater than 10 kV, more preferably greater than 15 kV, and/or is less than 150 kV, preferably less than 100 kV, more preferably less than 75 kV, more preferably less than 52 kV, and/or is between 4 kV to 100 kV, preferably from 4 kV to 80 kV, more preferably from 10 kV to 52 kV.
3. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the smallest breaking current of the HH-fuse (1) is designed to be greater than 3 A, preferably greater than 5 A, more preferably greater than 10 A, and/or less than 1 kA, preferably less than 500 A, more preferably less than 300 A, and/or is between 3 A to 700 A, preferably between 5 A to 500 A, more preferably between 15 A to 300 A.
4. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rated breaking capacity (rated maximum breaking current) is designed to be greater than 1 kA, preferably greater than 10 kA, more preferably greater than 20 kA, and/or is between 1 kA to 100 kA, preferably between 10 kA to 80 kA, more preferably between 20 kA to 50 kA.
5. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmitted DC current and/or the rated current range is greater than 10 A, preferably greater than 15 A, and/or is between 10 A to 75 kA, preferably between 15 A to 50 kA.
6. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the product of the DC current and the DC voltage protected by the HH-fuse (1) is greater than 5 kW, preferably greater than 50 kW, more preferably greater than 700 kW, and/or is less than 3000 MW, preferably less than 2000 MW, more preferably less than 1000 MW, and/or is between 5 kW and 3000 MW, preferably between 500 kW and 2000 MW, more preferably between 700 kW and 1000 MW.
7. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two fusible conductors (6), preferably between two to ten, more preferably between three to five, are arranged in the fuse housing (3).
8. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the direct current transmission is a medium-voltage direct current transmission (MDT) and/or high-voltage direct current transmission (HDT), preferably in a decentralized utility grid, and/or that the direct current originates from a photovoltaic plant and/or a photovoltaic surface plant (solar park) and/or a wind power plant and/or a wind park, in particular offshore wind park, and/or that the HH-fuse (1) is arranged in a medium-voltage direct current transmission grid.
9. System (7) having a consumer (8), in particular an user, which can be supplied by direct current, having at least one HH-fuse (1) with the design features according to one of the preceding claims, wherein it is possible for the direct current transmitted to the consumer (8) to be protected by the HH-fuse (1), wherein the power of the consumer (8) is between 50 kW and 3000 MW, preferably between 50 kW and 2000 MW, further preferably between 700 kW and 1000 MW.

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