EP3811442A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines polymerverbundwerkstoffs für eine elektrochemische zelle mittels eines gequollenen polymers - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines polymerverbundwerkstoffs für eine elektrochemische zelle mittels eines gequollenen polymersInfo
- Publication number
- EP3811442A1 EP3811442A1 EP19732273.8A EP19732273A EP3811442A1 EP 3811442 A1 EP3811442 A1 EP 3811442A1 EP 19732273 A EP19732273 A EP 19732273A EP 3811442 A1 EP3811442 A1 EP 3811442A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- weight
- electrode
- cell
- solvent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H01M4/0411—Methods of deposition of the material by extrusion
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- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H01M4/0414—Methods of deposition of the material by screen printing
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/106—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a
- Polymer composite material for example an electrode and / or a separator, for an electrochemical cell, in particular for a battery cell and / or fuel cell and / or electrolysis cell, a corresponding polymer composite material and an electrochemical cell equipped therewith.
- Polymer composite materials in particular for electrochemical cells, such as battery cells, and especially in the manufacture of battery electrodes based on particle-filled polymer composite materials, can be used to bond particulate materials, such as electrode active materials, to polymers by wet manufacturing processes or by dry manufacturing processes.
- a wet mixture of a liquid for example one or more solvents, one or more particulate materials and one or more polymers is used to form a polymer composite material, for example in the form of an electrode, for an electrochemical cell.
- electrodes for battery cells such as lithium cells
- the liquid fraction is conventionally significantly larger than the void fraction of the materials mixed with it
- a dry mixture of one or more particulate materials and one or more polymers is used and a polymer composite material, for example in the form of an electrode for an electrochemical cell, is formed therefrom without the addition of liquid.
- Particles of the particulate material can be bonded to the polymer or polymers by thermal gluing and / or melting and / or by mechanical polymer fibrillation.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a, in particular particle-filled, polymer composite material, in particular an electrode and / or a separator, for an electrochemical cell, in particular for a battery cell and / or fuel cell and / or
- At least one swellable polymer with at least one, in particular the at least one swellable polymer, solvent swellable with and by swelling of the at least one swellable polymer completely in the at least one swellable polymer mixed at least one particulate material.
- at least one swellable polymer is mixed with at least one, in particular the at least one swellable polymer, swelling solvent and with at least one particulate material, one of the at least one swelling solvent Amount of solvent which can be completely absorbed in the at least one swellable polymer by swelling of the at least one swellable polymer
- a polymer composite material for example an electrode and / or a separator, in particular for an electrochemical cell, for example for a battery cell and / or fuel cell and / or electrolysis cell, is (then) formed from the mixture, for example in a method step b).
- the method for producing an electrode and / or a separator for an electrochemical cell in particular for a battery cell and / or fuel cell and / or electrolysis cell, can be designed.
- the at least one particulate material can in particular be at least one
- Electrode material for example at least one electrode active material and / or at least one particulate electrode additive, for example at least one, for example carbon-based, electrical conductive agent, for example (conductive) carbon black, and / or at least one particulate
- Separator additive for example at least one electrically insulating inorganic compound, comprise or be formed therefrom.
- the mixture can be used to form an electrode and / or a separator for an electrochemical cell, in particular for a battery cell and / or fuel cell and / or electrolysis cell.
- the amount of solvent in the at least one swellable solvent can advantageously be completely swelled in the at least one swellable polymer by swelling the at least one swellable polymer Polymer are included.
- the at least one swelling solvent has been completely absorbed, the mixture is not dry, but the mixture is advantageously at least superficially and / or macroscopically dry and thus quasi-dry and can be handled like a dry mixture. This can have an advantageous effect on process control, for example.
- quasi-dry mixtures for example of nanoscale polymers, for example with an average particle size of ⁇ 1 pm, for example HSV900, a PVDF from ARKEMA with an average particle size of about 200 nm, in particular in dry production processes, for example by dry rolling and / or dry extrusion, better recorded or captured in a calender and extruder and, for example, better mechanically distributed and / or crosslinked and leave less
- Polymer composite material for example the electrode or the separator, and / or contamination of the machine and the associated
- Such a mixture can be particularly advantageous in dry, in particular without (further) liquid addition, manufacturing processes, for example for dry coating, for example by means of polymer fibrillation and / or by means of dry rolling and / or by means of dry extrusion and / or in dry printing, in particular by means of electrostatic charging of a powder, for example of porous or dense polymer composite materials, for example
- Electrodes and / or separators for electrochemical cells for example for battery cells and / or fuel cells and / or electrolysis cells, are used.
- swelling solvents as an additive can even have an advantageous effect on an, in particular otherwise dry, manufacturing process and, for example, facilitate this. Dry manufacturing processes are carried out without the addition of liquid and are therefore distinguished from wet manufacturing processes by the fact that there is neither a liquid for this admittedly, for example, by complex and in particular time, cost and energy intensive, thermal and / or vacuum technology
- dry manufacturing processes such as dry coating, can be simple and, in particular, time, cost and energy saving.
- dry manufacturing processes such as dry coating
- the at least one swellable polymer is mixed with the at least one swellable solvent, the at least one swellable polymer can advantageously be swollen. A comparatively small amount of solvent can be sufficient and advantageous for this.
- the at least one swellable polymer is mixed with the at least one swellable solvent first, in particular before the formation of the polymer composite material, for example the electrode and / or the separator, the at least one swellable polymer can advantageously be pre-swollen.
- Separators can advantageously in the event of, in particular later, contact of the, in particular (pre) swollen, swellable polymer with a
- Liquid electrolytes for example when filling liquid electrolyte into a cell installed with the polymer composite material, in particular the electrode and / or the separator, a loss of strength and / or a change in size, in particular due to polymer sources, are at least significantly reduced and / or avoided.
- filling the cell with liquid electrolyte can advantageously be accelerated.
- the filling of the cell can be accelerated by the fact that the (pre-) swollen polymer has already reached its mechanical target state when the cell is filled with liquid electrolyte, or is at least shortly before reaching it, and thus the process time, which would otherwise result in the complete swelling of polymers through the
- Liquid electrolytes would be needed and can take days, can be significantly shortened.
- cavities and / or pores can be filled with the liquid electrolyte more quickly, for example within minutes to hours and, for example, not as otherwise within hours to in particular even days, since the (pre) swollen polymer - compared with non (pre-) swollen polymers - the liquid electrolyte does not or at least significantly less swells out of the cavities and pores.
- cavities and / or pores can be filled, at least partially, if necessary completely, with the at least one swelling solvent, which in particular can be an organic electrolyte solvent and / or even a liquid electrolyte and / or an ionic liquid, even before the cell is filled with liquid electrolyte his.
- the at least one swelling solvent which in particular can be an organic electrolyte solvent and / or even a liquid electrolyte and / or an ionic liquid, even before the cell is filled with liquid electrolyte his.
- otherwise usual process steps such as, in particular vacuum-assisted, filling the cell with liquid electrolyte, waiting for a swelling time for the polymer, renewed, in particular vacuum-assisted,
- swollen polymers can advantageously be significantly softer and more elastic than unswollen polymers, which can have an advantageous effect on their connection, for example to the at least one particulate material, for example electrode active material particles, and / or bond points and thus on the mechanical stability. So again advantageously mechanical stresses, for example from cyclization, are better absorbed.
- the at least one swelling solvent can serve as a temporary plasticizer until the cell is filled with liquid electrolyte and, after filling the cell with liquid electrolyte, partly diffuse into the liquid electrolyte via an osmotic effect and can be diluted in the region of the at least one swellable polymer, the at least one swellable polymer can be fixed or solidified and can shrink as such - in particular without changing the size of the cell.
- Solvent-soluble polymer structure of the (pre-) swollen polymer particles of the at least one particulate material for example at least one electrical conductive agent, such as (conductive) carbon black, adhere better than to surfaces of untreated or unswollen polymers.
- the improved adhesion of the particles can in turn advantageously
- Particle paths for example guide paths, are formed from at least one electrical guide means, for example (guide carbon black). So they can be any electrical guide means, for example (guide carbon black). So they can be any electrical guide means, for example (guide carbon black). So they can be any electrical guide means, for example (guide carbon black). So they can be any electrical guide means, for example (guide carbon black). So they can be any electrical guide means, for example (guide carbon black). So they can be any electrical guide means, for example (guide carbon black). So they can
- Material properties for example the electrical conductivity, in particular compared to unswollen polymers with a significantly lower adhesion, in which a substantial part of the particles can be separated from one another, for example in interstices, can be significantly improved.
- the particle content for example of (conductive) soot, can also be reduced by such a more efficient use of particles, which can likewise have an advantageous effect on the material properties, for example in the case of an electrode for an electrochemical cell, advantageously on the specific energy ,
- the at least one swelling solvent and / or the at least one polymer swollen thereby can have an advantageous effect on the handling and the properties of the quasi-dry mixture.
- the at least one swelling solvent and / or the at least one polymer swollen thereby can serve as a lubricant, for example itself softer than the at least one particulate material, in particular also softer as carbon-based particulate materials, such as graphite, and
- Particle surface wear for example of functionalized and / or coated particles, for example of electrode active material particles, be significantly reduced and possibly largely prevented.
- the manufacture and, for example, the function and / or service life of a cell equipped therewith can advantageously be improved.
- the at least one swelling solvent and / or the at least one polymer swollen thereby can deagglomeration of particles, for example of the at least one particulate material and / or in particular also of the at least one swellable polymer itself, in particular in the case of simultaneous use of at least one Conducting salt and / or at least one electrical conductive agent, such as (conductive) carbon black, for example by electrical dissipation of surface charges.
- This can affect in particular the processing of polymers in the form of fine, for example nanoscale, polymer powders, such as HSV900 a PVDF from ARKEM with an average particle size of approximately 200 nm, and the binder distribution and homogeneity.
- the at least one swellable polymer and / or the at least one particulate material for example the at least one electrode active material and / or the at least one electrical conductor
- material properties such as the conductivity of the polymer composite material, for example the electrode or the separator
- a reduced amount of the at least one electrical conducting agent and / or a reduced amount of polymer and / or for example an increased amount can thus advantageously also be used
- Amount of electrode active material can be used, for example, which can increase the specific energy of a cell formed therefrom.
- the production and, for example, the production can also advantageously be carried out Function, in particular by an increased specific energy and / or electrical conductivity, a cell equipped with it can be improved.
- the at least one swelling solvent and / or the at least one swollen polymer can cause fine abrasion and / or fine dust, for example for fixation in the polymer composite material formed, for example the electrode or the separator, which is advantageous in terms of handling, process control and occupational safety and so that can affect manufacturing.
- the at least one swelling solvent can be any suitable swelling solvent. Furthermore, the at least one swelling solvent.
- Polymer composite material for example the electrode or the separator, for example in process step b), for example in one
- Polymer composite materials for example in the form of electrodes and / or separators, in particular for electrochemical cells, and their
- the at least one swellable polymer, the at least one swelling solvent and the at least one particulate material are additionally mixed with at least one further polymer.
- the at least one further polymer, in particular in the at least one swelling solvent, can be resistant and / or swellable by the at least one swelling solvent, in particular significantly, more poorly.
- the at least one further polymer polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and / or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and / or a fluorinated rubber and / or polystyrene and / or a polyimide and / or polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and / or, in particular on the cathode side Include or be polyoxymethylene (POM).
- POM polyoxymethylene
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- GBL gamma-butyrolactone
- GBL gamma-butyrolactone
- PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
- the at least one further polymer for example polytetrafluoroethylene, can advantageously further improve the production and the mechanical stability of the
- Polymer composite material for example with mechanical and / or thermal activation, for example by heating in one of the
- Electrode active material can be further increased.
- the at least one swelling solvent is first mixed with the at least one particulate material, in particular with the at least one electrode material, for example with the at least one
- Electrode additive especially with the at least one
- Electrode active material mixed.
- the mixing can in particular be carried out by spraying the at least one swelling solvent onto the at least one particulate material, in particular onto the at least one electrode material, for example onto the at least one electrode active material and / or onto the at least one electrode additive.
- the at least one swelling solvent can functionalize the at least one particulate material, for example the at least one electrode material, for example electrode active material, and for example a cover layer, for example in the form of an SEI film, on the surface of the at least one particulate material, in particular electrode material, for example, form electrode active material.
- the at least one swelling solvent can therefore be selected such that a functionalization and / or an SEI film can thereby be formed on the at least one particulate material, for example electrode material, in particular electrode active material, in particular already during mixing.
- the cell aging can advantageously be reduced and the long-term behavior improved, and the service life of an electrode or cell produced in this way can be increased.
- Method step a2) and / or a3) can, for example, do that
- At least one swellable polymer and optionally the at least one further polymer are admixed.
- Mixing can take place, for example, by means of a fluidized bed.
- the at least one swellable polymer can be (pre) swollen by the at least one swellable solvent and / or the at least one swellable solvent can in particular be completely absorbed in the at least one swellable polymer, so that the mixture, in particular at least superficially or
- the at least one swellable polymer for example polyvinylidene fluoride and / or polyethylene oxide, and / or the at least one further polymer, for example polytetrafluoroethylene, can also be at least partially fibrillated.
- the at least one swelling solvent can advantageously serve as a lubricant and the friction between the Particles of the at least one particulate material, for example
- Fibrillation can be caused in particular by
- Shear forces and / or friction forces are brought about, which are kept as low as possible to protect the material of the at least one particulate material, for example electrode material, in particular electrode active material. By slightly increasing the temperature, fibrillation can be made even more gentle on the material.
- the at least one swellable polymer and / or the at least one further polymer can, however, also be mixed by a mixing process with high shear and / or frictional force, such as by a jet mill and / or by an extruder and / or by a cold gas spray method (CGS , English: Cold Gas Spray), at least partially fibrillated. Fibrillation can reduce the homogeneity and / or the mechanical stability of the polymer composite
- the at least one further polymer is admixed and at least partially fibrillated by a mixing process.
- the at least one swelling solvent can advantageously serve as a lubricant and the friction between the particles of the at least one particulate material, for example
- the at least one particulate material for example electrode material, in particular electrode active material, can therefore be spared during mixing and fibrillation.
- the mixing can also be carried out by a mixing process with a high shear force and / or frictional force, such as by a jet mill and / or by an extruder and / or by a cold gas spray method (CGS, English: Cold gas spray).
- Process step a3) in particular the (at least) one swellable polymer can be added. This can cause at least one swelling
- Solvents in particular are completely absorbed in the at least one swellable polymer.
- the polymer composite, in particular the electrode and can (then) in particular from the mixture, for example by rolling out, in particular, for example directly, by means of a calender and / or by pressing and / or by extrusion and / or by printing / or the separator.
- step A1 first, for example in a method step A1), the at least one swellable polymer and the at least one swellable solvent with the at least one particulate material, for example with the at least one particulate
- the at least one swellable polymer can be (pre) swollen by the at least one swelling solvent and / or the at least one swelling solvent
- Solvents in particular are completely absorbed in the at least one swellable polymer, so that the (pre) mixture is quasi-dry, in particular at least superficially or macroscopically.
- particles of the at least one particulate material for example electrode additive, for example (conductive) carbon black, in particular due to agglomerate formation, can be deposited on the polymer structure of the swollen polymer which is dissolved by the at least one swelling solvent
- Liquid bridges adhere better than on surfaces of untreated or unswollen polymers and by adhering the particles to form particle paths, for example conductive paths, for example from the at least one electrical conductive means, for example (conductive carbon black).
- the material properties for example the electrical conductivity
- the material properties can be significantly improved, in particular compared to unswollen polymers with a significantly lower adhesion, in which a substantial part of the particles can be separated from one another, for example in interstices.
- a more efficient use of particles can be achieved, and possibly also
- Particle content for example of (soot) soot, are reduced, which can also have an advantageous effect on the (material) properties and / or function, for example in the case of an electrode for an electrochemical cell, advantageously on the specific energy.
- the at least one swelling solvent and / or the at least one polymer swelled thereby can deagglomerate particles, in particular the at least one particulate electrode additive, for example (conductive) carbon black, and / or in particular also the at least one swellable polymer itself, for example by an electrical discharge of surface charges.
- another particulate material in particular the at least one electrode active material, and / or optionally the at least one further polymer can (then) be admixed.
- clusters from the at least one can advantageously be provided.
- Electrode active material the at least one polymer which is (pre-) swollen by the at least one swelling solvent and the at least one particulate electrode additive, in particular conductive carbon black, are produced in a gentle manner, which, in contrast to those described by Ludwig, B. et al. in Be.
- the particulate material, in particular electrode active material, which has only been mixed in now, Solvent and / or by, for example, polymer dissolved in the solvent is not wetted over the entire surface, in particular over the entire surface, so that no polymer phase can lay flat on the electrode active material surface, which would otherwise prevent the entry of electrolyte and thus ions from the electrode in the later electrode could hinder the loading and unloading process.
- the at least one further polymer can be added simultaneously. Since at this point in time the at least one swelling solvent should already have been taken up in the at least one swelling polymer and / or the mixture should be dry or quasi-dry on the outside
- Undefined clumping of the at least one further polymer can advantageously be avoided.
- the other particulate material, in particular the at least one electrode active material, and the at least one further polymer can be admixed (with one another) in the form of a premix.
- This can be particularly advantageous insofar as the at least one further polymer and / or the at least one swellable polymer are used in small amounts, for example in small single-digit percentages by weight, based on the total weight of the finished mixture.
- Polymer composite material in particular the electrode and / or the separator, are formed.
- the mixture is pressed into granules, for example in process step b), from the granulate, in particular by extrusion and / or by pressing and / or by Rolling out, in particular by means of a calender, and / or by printing, the polymer composite material, in particular the electrode and / or the separator, is formed.
- the granules can, for example, by a Press agglomeration, in particular by tablet pressing known from pharmaceutical technology, can be produced from the mixture. So can
- a flowable, quasi-dry and non-dusting and therefore easily processable granulate for the production of the polymer composite material, for example the electrode and / or the separator, for example by extrusion and / or by a roller gap, in particular at an elevated temperature.
- the granules can first be shaped into a film by hot pressing and the film can then be rolled out.
- the electrode and / or the separator are carried out at an elevated temperature.
- forming the electrode and / or the separator are carried out at an elevated temperature.
- Polymer composite material in particular the electrode and / or the
- Separators by rolling out the mixture at an elevated temperature, in particular by means of a heated calender, to form a film.
- the at least one swelling solvent has a boiling point of> 100 ° C., for example of> 150 ° C., in particular of> 200 ° C. It can thus be achieved that the amount of solvent of the at least one swelling solvent remains at least essentially, possibly completely or completely, when the polymer composite material, for example the electrode and / or the separator, is formed.
- the polymer composite material for example the electrode and / or the separator
- the quantity of solvent of the at least one, in particular the at least one swellable polymer, swellable by swelling the at least one swellable polymer is completely absorbed in the at least one swellable polymer
- Solvent based on the total weight of the at least one swellable polymer, in a range from> 2 wt .-% to ⁇ 20 wt .-%. This has swelled to fully absorb at least one
- Solvent in the at least one swellable polymer by swelling and to achieve the advantages described has been found to be advantageous.
- Such an amount of solvent of the at least one swellable polymer can advantageously fill porosities, in particular in the case of a high boiling point of the at least one swellable solvent, for example also permanently. Larger proportions of solvents can, for example, soften the at least one swellable polymer and weaken its structural strength.
- the quantity of solvent of the at least one, in particular the at least one swellable polymer, swellable by swelling the at least one swellable polymer is completely absorbed in the at least one swellable polymer
- Polymer composite material in particular that which is formed from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in process step b), in particular quasi-dry and / or, for example before filling the cell with at least one liquid electrolyte, (still) non-liquid electrolyte-filled and / or (still) ) liquid electrolyte-free, electrode and / or the, especially quasi-dry and / or, formed from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in method step b), for example before filling the cell with at least one liquid electrolyte, (still) non-liquid electrolyte-filled and / or (still) liquid electrolyte-free separator, based on its or its total weight,> 80% by weight to ⁇ 99% by weight, in particular> 90% by weight to ⁇ 99% by weight, for example> 95% by weight. % to ⁇ 98% by weight, for example> 96% by weight to ⁇ 97% by weight, of the at least one particulate material, in particular of the at least one particulate material,
- Electrode active material for example on at least one nickel and / or cobalt and / or manganese oxide (NCM) and / or on graphite.
- NCM nickel and / or cobalt and / or manganese oxide
- Polymer composite material in particular that which is formed from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in process step b), in particular quasi-dry and / or, for example before filling the cell with at least one liquid electrolyte, (still) non-liquid electrolyte-filled and / or (still) ) liquid electrolyte-free, electrode and / or the, especially quasi-dry and / or, formed from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in method step b), for example before filling the cell with at least one liquid electrolyte, (still) non-liquid electrolyte-filled and / or (still) liquid electrolyte-free separator on its total weight,> 0.005% by weight or
- the at least one swellable polymer for example polyvinylidene fluoride and / or polyethylene oxide.
- the quasi-dry one and / or, for example before filling the cell with at least one liquid electrolyte comprises (still) non-liquid electrolyte filled from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in method step b) and / or (still) liquid electrolyte-free,
- Polymer composite material in particular that which is formed from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in process step b), in particular quasi-dry and / or, for example before filling the cell with at least one liquid electrolyte, (still) non-liquid electrolyte-filled and / or (still) ) liquid electrolyte-free, electrode and / or the, especially quasi-dry and / or, formed from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in method step b), for example before filling the cell with at least one liquid electrolyte, (still) non-liquid electrolyte-filled and / or (still) liquid electrolyte-free separator, based on its or its total weight,> 0.005% by weight to
- the smallest possible proportion of the at least one particulate electrode additive for example the at least one electrical conductive agent, for example (conductive) carbon black, is preferably used.
- Small amounts of electrical conductors can advantageously affect the
- the at least one swelling solvent for example gammabutyrolactone (GBL)
- the at least one particulate electrode additive in particular with the at least one electrical conductive agent, for example (conductive) carbon black
- the at least one electrical conductive agent for example (conductive) carbon black
- the at least one electrical conductive agent is suspended in the at least one swelling solvent
- the at least one swellable polymer for example polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the at least one further polymer for example in a fluidized bed
- Polymer composite material in particular that formed from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in process step b), in particular quasi-dry and / or, for example, before filling the Cell with at least one liquid electrolyte, (still) non-liquid electrolyte-filled and / or (still) liquid electrolyte-free, electrode, based on the latter
- At least one, in particular particulate, electrode additive at least one, in particular particulate, electrode additive,
- the at least one electrical conductive means for example (conductive) soot.
- the smallest possible proportion of the at least one further polymer is preferably used.
- liquid electrolyte-free liquid electrolyte-free
- Polymer composite material in particular that which is formed from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in process step b), in particular quasi-dry and / or, for example before filling the cell with at least one liquid electrolyte, (still) non-liquid electrolyte-filled and / or (still) ) liquid electrolyte-free, electrode and / or the, especially quasi-dry and / or, formed from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in method step b), for example before filling the cell with at least one liquid electrolyte, (still) non-liquid electrolyte-filled and / or (still) liquid electrolyte-free separator, based on its or its total weight, ⁇ 5% by weight, in particular
- Polytetrafluoroethylene In this way, a high specific energy of the cell can be achieved and possibly undesired reactions, for example of polytetrafluoroethylene at the negative electrode and / or through
- Exudation of polytetrafluoroethylene can be reduced or avoided.
- the quasi-dry and / or, for example, upstream from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in process step b) comprises Filling the cell with at least one liquid electrolyte, (still) non-liquid electrolyte-filled and / or (still) liquid electrolyte-free,
- Polymer composite material in particular that which is formed from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in process step b), in particular quasi-dry and / or, for example before filling the cell with at least one liquid electrolyte, (still) non-liquid electrolyte-filled and / or (still) ) liquid electrolyte-free, electrode and / or the, especially quasi-dry and / or, formed from the mixture or from the granulate, in particular in method step b), for example before filling the cell with at least one liquid electrolyte, (still) non-liquid electrolyte-filled and / or (still) liquid electrolyte-free separator, based on its or its total weight, optionally> 0.01% by weight to ⁇ 5% by weight, in particular> 0.01% by weight to ⁇ 3% by weight, for example> 0.01% by weight to ⁇ 2% by weight, for example> 0.01% by weight to ⁇ 1% by weight, of the at least one further polymer, for example polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the at least one swellable polymer comprises or is at least one halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or unhalogenated, in particular unfluorinated, polyolefin, in particular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and / or poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and / or polyethylene (PE) and / or polypropylene (PP), and / or at least one polyalkylene oxide, in particular polyethylene oxide (PEO), for example with> 50 repeating units, and / or at least one polyacrylate and / or polymethacrylate, in particular polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and / or at least one polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and / or at least one styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and / or at least one alginate, for example a polymer obtained from brown algae or
- PVDF polyvinylidene
- Polymer mixture and / or at least one (poly) malonate (malonic ester) and / or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and / or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and / or polystyrene (PS) and / or a copolymer thereof, in particular a copolymer comprising polyethylene oxide and / or a copolymer comprising (poly) malonate, in particular a polyethylene oxide-polystyrene copolymer and / or a polyethylene oxide-polyacrylate copolymer, and / or a mixture thereof.
- These polymers can be advantageous as swellable polymers.
- the at least one swelling solvent can in particular be matched to the at least one swellable polymer.
- gamma-butyrolactone GBL
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- polyvinyl pyrrolidone can be used as the swelling solvent ether and / or ethanol.
- PVP polyvinyl pyrrolidone
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- PS polystyrene
- acetone and / or toluene and / or xylene and / or trichlorobenzene and / or tetralin can be used as the swelling solvent.
- the at least one swelling solvent can contain at least one organic electrolyte solvent, in particular gammabutyrolactone (GBL) (boiling point about 205 ° C.) and / or at least one, in particular unfluorinated or fluorinated, organic carbonate, in particular ethylene carbonate (EC) and / or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC).
- GBL gammabutyrolactone
- organic carbonate in particular ethylene carbonate (EC) and / or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC).
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- VC vinylene carbonate
- Electrolyte solvent, and / or at least one ionic liquid in particular comprising imide anions, for example sulfonylimide anions, for example bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anions (TFSI) and / or
- imide anions for example sulfonylimide anions, for example bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anions (TFSI) and / or
- FSI fluorosulfonyl imide anions
- PFSI perfluoroethanesulfonyl imide anions
- PYR13 N-methyl-N -propylpyrrolidinium cations
- fluorinated for example mono-, poly- or perfluorinated, electrolyte additive
- plasticizer for example dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
- DBP dibutyl phthalate
- suitable electrolyte solvents are described, for example, by Masaki Yoshio, Ralph J. Brodd and Akiya Kozawa in the book Lithium-Ion Batteries by the publisher Science and Technologies.
- the at least one swelling solvent in particular the at least one organic electrolyte solvent and / or the at least one ionic liquid and / or the at least one electrolyte additive and / or the at least one plasticizer, can be used in particular under
- Process conditions for example mixing conditions, are liquid and / or liquefying, for example at room temperature and / or at an elevated temperature due to the mixing and / or at an otherwise, for example due to the supply of heat, elevated temperature, liquid and / or liquefying.
- the at least one swelling solvent comprises or is at least one electrolyte solvent, in particular at least one lactone, for example gammabutyrolactone (GBL), and / or at least one organic carbonate, for example at least one acyclic and / or cyclic, organic carbonate Example ethylene carbonate (EC) and / or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and / or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and / or diethyl carbonate (DEC) and / or vinylene carbonate (VC), and / or at least one, especially unfluorinated or fluorinated, oligo- and / or Poly-alkylene oxide, for example oligo and / or poly-ethylene oxide, optionally in the form of a mixture of several oligo and / or poly-alkylene oxides with different numbers of repeating units (batch), for example with ⁇ 50 repeating units, in particular with ⁇ 30 repeating units, for Example at least one oligo and
- the at least one swelling solvent comprises or is at least one ionic liquid.
- the at least one ionic liquid can contain imide anions, for example sulfonylimide anions, for example bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anions (TFSI) and / or bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide anions (FSI) and / or bis (perfluoroethanesulfonyl) imide Anions (PFSI), and / or tosylate anions and / or triflate anions and / or pyrrolidinium cations, for example N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium cations (PYR13), comprise or be formed therefrom.
- imide anions for example sulfonylimide anions, for example bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anions (TFSI) and / or bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide anions (FSI) and / or bis (perfluoroethanesul
- the at least one ionic liquid can be imide anions, for example sulfonylimide anions, for example
- TFSI trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide anions
- FSI fluorosulfonyl imide anions
- PESI perfluoroethanesulfonyl imide anions
- PYR13 pyrrolidinium cations
- the at least one ionic liquid can be N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium-bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR13TFSI) and / or N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium-bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (PYR13FSI) and / or N-methyl- N-propylpyrrolidinium-bis (perfluoroethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR13PFSI), in particular N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium-bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR13TFSI) and / or N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium-bis (fluoride) P (I) fluoride include or be formed therefrom.
- the at least one swelling solvent can be a binary or ternary or quaternary or higher-component mixture which contains at least two or three or four or more components selected from the group of organic electrolyte solvents and / or from the group of ionic liquids and, if appropriate, from the later explained group of conductive salts, for example lithium conductive salts, comprise or be formed therefrom.
- the group of organic electrolyte solvents can include, in particular, the components explained in connection with the at least one organic electrolyte solvent and the group of ionic ones Liquids, in particular, comprise the components explained in connection with the at least one ionic liquid and the group of conducting salts, in particular the components explained later in connection with the at least one conducting salt.
- the at least one swelling solvent can contain at least one non-fluorinated or fluorinated oligo and / or poly-alkylene oxide, in particular at least one non-fluorinated or fluorinated oligo and / or poly-ethylene oxide, with ⁇ 50 repeating units, for example oligo and / or poly Ethylene oxide with about 20 repeating units, for example PEO20, and / or with about 10 repeating units, for example PEG400, and at least one conducting salt, for example lithium conducting salt, for example lithium
- LiTFSI Bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
- at least one ionic liquid for example N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium-bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR13TFSI) and / or N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium-bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (PYR13FSI), in particular N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR13TFSI), or be formed therefrom.
- N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium-bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide PYR13TFSI
- PYR13TFSI N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
- Such organic electrolyte solvents and ionic liquids do not interfere in the polymer composite material formed from the mixture, in particular the electrode and / or the separator, and can even advantageously participate in the cell function and have a positive influence on the properties of the cells.
- the at least one swellable polymer, the at least one swelling solvent and the at least one particulate material additionally mixed with at least one conductive salt, for example with at least one lithium conductive salt, for example lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), and / or the at least one swelling solvent contains at least one conductive salt, for example lithium conductive salt, for example lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), in particular in the form dissolved therein.
- lithium conductive salt for example lithium conductive salt, optionally also used as a plasticizer for the at least one swellable polymer.
- the at least one conductive salt, in particular lithium conductive salt can, for example, lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) and / or lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) and / or lithium bis (perfluoroethanesulfonyl) imide (LiPFSI) and / or lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (lithium triflate) and / or lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFe) and / or lithium perchlorate (LiCI0 4 ) and / or lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ) and / or lithium bisoxalatoborate (LiBOB) and / or lithium bisfluorooxalatoborate, in particular lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI).
- LiTFSI lithium bis (trifluorome
- the polymer composite material for example the electrode and / or the separator, in particular the electrode, for example in the form of a self-supporting film and / or a coating
- the polymer composite material is made from the mixture or from the granulate a dry manufacturing process, in particular without (further) addition of liquid, for example by dry coating and / or by dry printing and / or by a dry pressing process, for example by dry rolling out, in particular by means of a calender, and / or by dry Extrusion, in particular without (further) liquid addition, is formed.
- the at least one electrode active material comprises or is at least one electrode active material for a positive electrode, for example at least one transition metal oxide-based electrode active material for a positive electrode, for example at least one (lithium) nickel and / or cobalt and / or Manganese oxide, for example at least one (lithium) nickel and / or cobalt and / or manganese layer oxide, for example the general chemical formula LiNi x CoyMn z 0 2 , and / or at least one (lithium) Nickel and / or cobalt and / or manganese spinel, for example lithium manganese spinel (LiMn 2 0 4 ).
- transition metal oxide-based electrode active materials since they can bind water molecules to their surfaces in this way.
- the at least one electrode active material comprises or is at least one electrode active material for a negative electrode, for example at least one carbon-based electrode active material for a negative electrode, for example graphite, optionally in the form of prelithiated graphite, and / or amorphous carbon, such as so-called Hard carbons and / or soft carbons.
- the at least one particulate electrode additive comprises or is at least one electrical conductive agent, for example at least one carbon-based electrical conductive agent, such as graphite and / or amorphous carbon, for example (conductive) carbon black, and / or carbon nanotubes ,
- the method for producing an electrochemical cell for example a battery cell and / or a fuel cell and / or an electrolysis cell, is designed.
- the polymer composite in particular the electrode and / or the separator, is built into a cell.
- the cell can comprise the at least one swellable polymer, at least one ion-conductive and / or ion-conductive, for example lithium-ion-conductive and / or lithium-ion-conductive, polymer, for example polyethylene oxide, for example with> 50 repetition units, a solid electrolyte cell, in particular a polymer electrolyte cell.
- the cell can be filled with at least one liquid electrolyte and / or form a liquid electrolyte cell.
- the at least one liquid electrolyte can comprise at least one electrolyte solvent and at least one conductive salt, for example lithium conductive salt, which is the same as or different from the at least one electrolyte solvent or the at least one conductive salt, for example lithium conductive salt, which can be at least one swelling solvent.
- the at least one liquid electrolyte of the cell may comprise or be ethylene carbonate (EC) and / or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and / or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) as the electrolyte solvent.
- Another object is a polymer composite material, in particular an electrode or a separator, for an electrochemical cell, in particular for a battery cell and / or fuel cell and / or electrolysis cell, produced by a method according to the invention.
- a polymer composite material produced by a method according to the invention can comprise small amounts of solvent of at least one swelling solvent despite a dry manufacturing process.
- a polymer composite material produced by a method according to the invention by means of a dry manufacturing process can additionally have at least one at least partially fibrillated polymer.
- a polymer composite material produced according to the invention for example an electrode manufactured according to the invention and / or a separator manufactured according to the invention, can be detected, for example by disassembling a cell equipped with it, by analysis of the components, for example by means of gas chromatography and / or ion chromatography and subsequent photometric detection.
- the invention further relates to an electrochemical cell, for example a battery cell and / or fuel cell and / or electrolysis cell, which is produced by a method according to the invention and / or at least one polymer composite material produced by a method according to the invention, in particular in the form of an electrode and / or a separator, and / or at least one polymer composite material according to the invention, in particular in the form of an electrode and / or a separator.
- an electrochemical cell for example a battery cell and / or fuel cell and / or electrolysis cell, which is produced by a method according to the invention and / or at least one polymer composite material produced by a method according to the invention, in particular in the form of an electrode and / or a separator, and / or at least one polymer composite material according to the invention, in particular in the form of an electrode and / or a separator.
- the cell can be, for example, a solid electrolyte cell, in particular a polymer electrolyte cell, or a liquid electrolyte cell.
- the cell can be a polymer electrolyte cell.
- the invention further relates to the use of a mixture of at least one swellable polymer and at least one solvent which swells the at least one swellable polymer and at least one particulate material, in particular at least one electrode material, for example at least one electrode active material and / or at least one
- particulate electrode additive for example at least one
- a particle-filled, in particular highly particle-filled, polymer composite material for example with a particle fraction of> 90% by weight, in particular of> 95% by weight, for example of> 96% by weight, for example of> 97% by weight, for example an electrode and / or a separator for an electrochemical cell, in particular for a battery cell and / or fuel cell and / or electrolysis cell, are produced by printing.
- the amount of solvent of the at least one swelling solvent can be largely, for example at least in
- the mixture When printing dry, the mixture can be charged electrostatically in particular. Because of the proportion of solvent in the at least one swelling solvent and the polymer swelled thereby, layer thicknesses of more than 50 m 2, possibly even more than 100 m 2, can advantageously be formed. So can
- Polymer composite materials for electrochemical cells for example in the form of electrodes and / or separators, can be produced in a simple and inexpensive manner. Because the swellable polymer has already swelled through the at least one swelling solvent during printing, an improved dimensional stability can advantageously be achieved.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram to illustrate a first embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic flow diagram to illustrate a second embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- At least one swellable polymer 1 for example polyvinylidene fluoride and / or polyethylene oxide, is firstly processed in at least one swelling solvent 2, for example gamma-butyrolactone, and with at least one particulate electrode additive 4, for example conductive carbon black, in a process step A1). mixed.
- the at least one swelling solvent 2 in one
- At least one electrode active material 3 and optionally at least one further polymer are then admixed.
- a process step b) the mixture 1, 2, 3, 4 is then transformed into a polymer composite material 10, in particular by a dry manufacturing process, for example by dry rolling and / or by dry pressing and / or by dry extrusion and / or by dry printing in the form of an electrode, designed for an electrochemical cell.
- a dry manufacturing process for example by dry rolling and / or by dry pressing and / or by dry extrusion and / or by dry printing in the form of an electrode, designed for an electrochemical cell.
- the process after process step A2) and before process step b) can also comprise a process step A3) (not shown), in which the mixture 1, 2, 3, 4 from process step A2) is first pressed into granules, in which case in process step b) from the granules 1, 2, 3, 4 in particular by extrusion and / or by pressing and / or by rolling, in particular by means of a calender, and / or by
- the polymer composite material in particular the electrode (10), is formed.
- at least one swelling solvent 2 for example gamma-butyrolactone, is first mixed with at least one electrode active material 3 in a method step a1).
- the amount of solvent used which can be completely absorbed by swelling at least one swellable polymer 1 added in a later process step a3).
- At least one further polymer 5 for example polytetrafluoroethylene, which, for example, is stable in the at least one swelling solvent 2 and / or does not swell therein 2, is then admixed and at least partially fibrillated by the mixing process.
- At least one swellable polymer 1 for example polyvinylidene fluoride and / or polyethylene oxide, is then admixed.
- the at least one swellable polymer 1 swells, taking up the complete amount of solvent of the at least one swelling solvent 2.
- the mixture 1, 2, 3, 5 becomes a polymer composite material 10, in particular by a dry manufacturing process, for example by dry rolling and / or by dry pressing and / or by dry extrusion and / or by dry printing in the form of an electrode 10 for an electrochemical cell.
- PVDF nanoscale polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF micrometer-scale polyvinylidene fluoride
- Embodiment 2 97% by weight of 11-nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide, 0.42% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride, premixed or pre-swollen with 0.08% by weight
- Gamma-butyrolactone, 1% by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene and 1.5% by weight of conductive carbon black are mixed and mixed into one using a heated calender
- Gamma-butyrolactone, 1% by weight polytetrafluoroethylene and 2% by weight conductive carbon black are mixed and combined into one using a heated calender
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102018209937.5A DE102018209937A1 (de) | 2018-06-20 | 2018-06-20 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polymerverbundwerkstoffs für eine elektrochemische Zelle mittels eines gequollenen Polymers |
PCT/EP2019/064963 WO2019243085A1 (de) | 2018-06-20 | 2019-06-07 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines polymerverbundwerkstoffs für eine elektrochemische zelle mittels eines gequollenen polymers |
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EP3811442A1 true EP3811442A1 (de) | 2021-04-28 |
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EP19732273.8A Withdrawn EP3811442A1 (de) | 2018-06-20 | 2019-06-07 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines polymerverbundwerkstoffs für eine elektrochemische zelle mittels eines gequollenen polymers |
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US (1) | US20210273290A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3811442A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018209937A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019243085A1 (de) |
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US20230108113A1 (en) * | 2021-10-01 | 2023-04-06 | Licap Technologies, Inc. | Dry electrode manufacture for solid state energy storage devices |
DE102022208371A1 (de) | 2022-08-11 | 2024-02-22 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zur Herstellung lösemittelfreien Elektrodenmaterials in Filmform |
DE102022211340A1 (de) | 2022-10-26 | 2024-05-02 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zur Herstellung lösemittelfreier Elektroden |
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US4153661A (en) | 1977-08-25 | 1979-05-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Method of making polytetrafluoroethylene composite sheet |
DE10020031C2 (de) * | 2000-04-22 | 2002-05-29 | Franz W Winterberg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von wiederaufladbaren Lithium-Polymer-Batterien |
EP1835557A3 (de) * | 2000-12-29 | 2008-10-29 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma | Leitendes elektrolyt auf basis von polyaminen |
US6589299B2 (en) | 2001-02-13 | 2003-07-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method for making electrode |
DE10118639B4 (de) * | 2001-04-12 | 2007-06-14 | Dilo Trading Ag | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Trilaminaten für Polymer-Lithium Batterien |
DE10224780A1 (de) | 2002-06-04 | 2003-12-18 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kaltgasspritzen |
DE10251194B4 (de) * | 2002-11-04 | 2006-12-14 | Dilo Trading Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lithium-Polymer-Batterievorläufers und Verwendung des Verfahrens |
US7342770B2 (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2008-03-11 | Maxwell Technologies, Inc. | Recyclable dry particle based adhesive electrode and methods of making same |
US20050266298A1 (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2005-12-01 | Maxwell Technologies, Inc. | Dry particle based electro-chemical device and methods of making same |
EP1687360A1 (de) | 2003-11-20 | 2006-08-09 | Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg | Polymergebundene, funktionale werkstoffe |
DE102004012476B4 (de) | 2004-03-15 | 2007-10-25 | Dilo Trading Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Lithium-Polymer-Zelle und einer Lithium-Polymer-Batterie |
DE102004029354A1 (de) | 2004-05-04 | 2005-12-01 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kaltgasspritzen |
WO2006085691A1 (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2006-08-17 | Showa Denko K.K | Secondary-battery cutrrent collector, secondary-battery cathode, secondary-battery anode, secondary battery and production method thereof |
US20090194747A1 (en) | 2008-02-04 | 2009-08-06 | Vale Inco Limited | Method for improving environmental stability of cathode materials for lithium batteries |
DE102013221162B4 (de) | 2013-10-18 | 2017-11-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Elektrode |
DE102017204826A1 (de) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-09-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Trockenes Herstellungsverfahren mit Elektrolytadditiv zur Herstellung eines Separators und/oder einer Elektrode für einer Lithium-Zelle |
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2018
- 2018-06-20 DE DE102018209937.5A patent/DE102018209937A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2019
- 2019-06-07 WO PCT/EP2019/064963 patent/WO2019243085A1/de unknown
- 2019-06-07 US US17/254,369 patent/US20210273290A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-06-07 EP EP19732273.8A patent/EP3811442A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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DE102018209937A1 (de) | 2019-12-24 |
US20210273290A1 (en) | 2021-09-02 |
WO2019243085A1 (de) | 2019-12-26 |
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