EP3879032B1 - Positioning device for positioning a machining tool relative to a rail - Google Patents
Positioning device for positioning a machining tool relative to a rail Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3879032B1 EP3879032B1 EP20162476.4A EP20162476A EP3879032B1 EP 3879032 B1 EP3879032 B1 EP 3879032B1 EP 20162476 A EP20162476 A EP 20162476A EP 3879032 B1 EP3879032 B1 EP 3879032B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- point
- coupling
- swing arm
- bearing point
- coupling gear
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 135
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 135
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 135
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 15
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B31/00—Working rails, sleepers, baseplates, or the like, in or on the line; Machines, tools, or auxiliary devices specially designed therefor
- E01B31/02—Working rail or other metal track components on the spot
- E01B31/12—Removing metal from rails, rail joints, or baseplates, e.g. for deburring welds, reconditioning worn rails
- E01B31/17—Removing metal from rails, rail joints, or baseplates, e.g. for deburring welds, reconditioning worn rails by grinding
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B31/00—Working rails, sleepers, baseplates, or the like, in or on the line; Machines, tools, or auxiliary devices specially designed therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B31/00—Working rails, sleepers, baseplates, or the like, in or on the line; Machines, tools, or auxiliary devices specially designed therefor
- E01B31/02—Working rail or other metal track components on the spot
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an adjusting device for positioning a machining tool arranged on a frame fixed to a rail vehicle and having an active section for machining a rail head relative to a rail laid in the track and traveled over by the rail vehicle, wherein the adjusting device has a first adjusting mechanism for changing an angular position of the active section of the machining tool seen transversely to a longitudinal direction of the rail laid in the track and can also advantageously have a second adjusting mechanism for changing a distance of the active section of the machining tool to the rail head of the rail laid in the track.
- a distance between a processing surface of the processing tool and the rail head can be set, on the one hand to start the grinding process by lowering the processing tool onto the rail, or to end it again by lifting it, and on the other hand to press the processing tools onto the rail with a defined contact pressure that is advantageous for the grinding process and to compensate for the ongoing wear of the processing tools by repositioning them.
- the setting of a plane lying perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rail is The pivot angle at which the machining tool is brought to the rail head is relevant. This pivot angle determines which section of the rail head is machined (for example the running edge or the running surface).
- a profile can be designed by selecting the grinding tracks that are created in this way.
- Known processing devices with which rails laid in the track can be processed during a crossing typically have adjusting devices that have two adjusting mechanisms, namely one for the feed, i.e. setting the distance of the processing tool from the rail, and one for setting the angular position at which the processing tool engages the rail head.
- the problem here is that a feed movement is a linear movement, for which linear guides, for example sliding guides, are used in a first and nowadays widely used solution.
- linear guides for example sliding guides
- Linear bearings such as sliding bearings, are also sensitive to transverse forces and must be designed to be correspondingly stable, or are sensitive to deflection or tilting and the resulting blocking of the bearings.
- a linearized stroke movement can be realized with appropriate gears by means of a rotary movement with small angles of rotation and the use of inexpensive, well-sealed and robust rotary bearings.
- the circular movement inevitably leads to transverse movements perpendicular to the stroke movement, which are greater the larger the angle of rotation or the stroke distance is selected.
- the angle adjustment can be carried out using cheaper, robust and well-sealed swivel joints, but the known solutions only rotate around a pivot point that lies outside the rail to be machined.
- One such solution is known, for example, from the DE 660 420 C known, which includes a rail vehicle including a control device for a A machining tool for machining a rail head has been disclosed, in which the new machining tool is pivoted on the rail head.
- the pivot point around which the angle adjustment takes place should be located within the rail head. There is still no solution for this in existing systems.
- an adjusting device of the type mentioned at the beginning in such a way that, without the need for linear or sliding guides, it enables the angular position to be adjusted around a virtual pivot point that is not represented by a swivel joint.
- This virtual pivot point should preferably be able to be positioned within the rail head when traveling over the rail to be machined.
- an adjusting device should also advantageously be further developed in such a way that it has an adjusting mechanism for changing a distance between the effective section of the machining tool and the rail head, which also does not require linear guides and sliding guides.
- the invention further provides a grinding unit arranged in a rail vehicle for grinding rails laid in the track during a passage with several rows of grinding bodies arranged in the grinding unit with an axis of rotation at an angle other than 90° transversely to a longitudinal direction of the rail being passed over, each row of grinding bodies freely and non-drivenly rotatable about the axis of rotation, which is characterized in that the grinding unit has an actuating device as specified by this invention.
- An adjusting device for positioning a machining tool arranged on a frame fixed to a rail vehicle and having an active section for machining a rail head relative to a rail laid in the track over which the rail vehicle travels, has, as is already common in the prior art, first of all a first adjusting mechanism for changing an angular position of the effective section of the processing tool as seen transversely to a longitudinal direction of the rail laid in the track. It can also have a second adjusting mechanism for changing a distance of the effective section of the processing tool from the rail head of the rail laid in the track.
- the special feature of the actuating device according to the invention is first of all the design of the first actuating mechanism. According to the invention, this has a first coupling gear and a first actuator for moving the first coupling gear.
- the first coupling gear has only gear elements in the form of rockers and couplings, which are connected to axes of rotation parallel to one another via rotatable swivel joints. Furthermore, the first actuating mechanism enables the machining tool connected to it to be pivoted about a virtual pivot point, which is located in the rail head in particular during operation, by actuating only the first actuator.
- This measure means that no linear guides or slotted guides are used with the coupling gear according to the invention for the first adjusting mechanism, and has the advantage that the swivel joints used are low-maintenance and robust, especially in the highly dirty and particle-laden environment with very abrasive media that prevails when processing the rails, and that the swivel joints do not tend to jam even when high forces occur and block the adjusting mechanism due to a certain angular play that they have.
- the first coupling mechanism contains at least two rockers, namely a first rocker pivotably mounted on a first bearing point that is fixed in position relative to the frame, and a second rocker pivotably mounted on a second bearing point that is fixed in position relative to the frame.
- the axes of rotation of the two rockers are parallel to one another.
- bearing points are described here as "positionally fixed relative to the frame", this is aimed at a positional stability in a normal operating state of the first coupling gear and in particular does not exclude the possibility that the bearing points can be moved or shifted in their position by adjusting the frame or by individually adjusting the bearing points relative to the frame, e.g. in order to move or align the first coupling gear or also to achieve a targeted detuning of the gear.
- a first coupling is part of the first coupling gear, which is mounted on a first support point arranged on the first rocker arm and on a second support point arranged on the second rocker arm and can be pivoted relative to the associated rocker arm, the axes of rotation through the support points being parallel to the axes of rotation through the bearing points.
- the arrangement of the first and second rockers and the coupling connecting them can be selected according to the invention such that a polygonal line formed from the respective straight connecting lines starting from the first bearing point via the first support point, the second support point, the second bearing point and back to the first bearing point results in a first parallelogram. The distance between the bearing points of the two rockers and the length of the coupling are then the same, and the lengths from support point to bearing point on both rockers are also the same.
- a third attachment point is formed on the first coupling, arranged at a distance from a connecting line between the first attachment point and the second attachment point, and a third rocker is pivotably mounted on this third attachment point.
- the position of the third attachment point can be selected so that a projection point of the third attachment point on a straight line connecting the first attachment point and the second attachment point lies between these attachment points, but also so that this projection lies outside the area located between the two attachment points.
- a second coupling is also part of the first coupling gear, which is attached to a fourth, on the third Swing arm is pivotably mounted on the third swing arm at a support point arranged on the first swing arm, again with a rotation axis parallel to the previously mentioned rotation axes.
- This third swing arm is further pivotably mounted on the first swing arm at a fifth support point arranged on the first swing arm, again about a rotation axis that runs parallel to the other mentioned rotation axes.
- the first swing arm can be designed such that the first support point is a distance from a connecting line between the first bearing point and the fifth support point.
- the first support point can also lie on a straight connecting line between the first bearing point and the fifth support point; in other words, the three points first bearing point, first support point and fifth support point can lie on a common, straight connecting line.
- the structure of the first coupling gear is then further designed such that a line formed from the respective straight connecting lines starting from the first attachment point via the third attachment point, the fourth attachment point, the fifth attachment point and back to the first attachment point results in a second parallelogram.
- a coupling mechanism is formed which spans several parallelograms.
- a first parallelogram is formed by the line course starting from the first bearing point via the first attachment point, the second attachment point, the second bearing point and back to the first bearing point.
- a second parallelogram is formed by the line course starting from the first attachment point via the third attachment point, the fourth attachment point, the fifth attachment point and back to the first attachment point.
- This general design means that the third attachment point and the fourth attachment point are pivoted around a virtual pivot point when the coupling gear is adjusted, which is located at an intersection point between a line parallel to a connecting line between the first bearing point and the first attachment point and passing through the third attachment point and a line parallel to a connecting line between the first attachment point and the third attachment point and passing through the first bearing point.
- This intersection point - i.e. the pivot point - in turn forms in turn a corner point of a third parallelogram, which is formed by the line of the straight connecting lines from the first bearing point via the first attachment point, the third attachment point, the intersection point and back to the first bearing point.
- This intersection point then coincides with an intersection point between a line parallel to a connecting line between the first bearing point and the fifth attachment point and running through the fourth attachment point and the line parallel to the connecting line between the first attachment point and the third attachment point and running through the first bearing point, which therefore also determines the pivot point.
- it also forms a corner point of a fourth parallelogram, which is formed by the line of the straight connecting lines from the first bearing point via the fifth attachment point, the fourth attachment point, the intersection point and back to the first bearing point.
- This virtual pivot point can now be placed in a targeted manner by appropriately positioning the two bearing points and appropriately designing the respective position of the bearing points and attachment points, and thus also the respective distances between these points in space. This can be done in particular in such a way that the virtual pivot point, when the adjusting device is used in a rail vehicle, is located within the rail head of a rail that is being driven over and is to be machined with the processing tool that can be adjusted with the adjusting device.
- other placements of the virtual pivot point are also conceivable and can be useful in practical application, in particular in other areas of the track being driven over and the associated space in which a real pivot point, i.e. a machine part, cannot be placed, e.g.
- the first actuator can basically be arranged in a variety of positions. In practice, it will be arranged between two links of the first coupling gear or between the frame and a link of the first coupling gear, where there is sufficient installation space and where the leverage ratios are as favorable as possible to introduce an effective torque into the first coupling gear with the actuator.
- a connecting line between the third attachment point and the fourth attachment point can basically be realized in a very different orientation, in particular in an orientation that is not parallel to a connecting line pointing from the attachment points in the direction of the virtual pivot point, in particular does not run along this.
- the first attachment point can advantageously lie on a connecting line that connects the first bearing point with the fifth attachment point in a straight line.
- the two bearing points can be firmly connected to a frame or chassis of the rail vehicle, which can also be a processing unit.
- the bearing points are arranged on an adjusting rocker that can be detachably connected to the rail vehicle and pivoted about a fastening point located between the bearing points. By tilting this adjusting rocker about the fastening point, the positioning of the bearing points in relation to the rail vehicle can be adjusted for further adjustment of the position of the virtual pivot point and thus to obtain a further degree of freedom in the adjustment of the processing tool in its relative position to the rail to be processed.
- the adjusting device has a second adjusting mechanism for changing a distance of the effective section of the processing tool to the rail head of the rail laid in the track.
- Such a second adjustment mechanism can basically be implemented in very different ways.
- it can contain two synchronized and parallel length adjustment devices for simultaneously adjusting the lengths of the first and second rocker arms.
- the second actuating mechanism can also have a special design.
- the second actuating mechanism can have a second coupling gear, which also has gear members in the form of rockers and couplings that are connected to one another exclusively via rotary joints that can be rotated about axes of rotation that are parallel to one another.
- the second actuating mechanism is also only provided with rotary joints, which, as already mentioned above, are robust and low-maintenance and, at the same time, do not tend to jam or wedge due to a certain amount of play, even when high forces occur.
- a frame element of the second coupling gear is attached to the third rocker of the first coupling gear. and a second actuator moving the second coupling gear is provided.
- the second coupling gear has a Roberts straight guide, which has a first swing arm pivotably fixed at a first bearing point on the frame element and a second swing arm pivotably fixed at a second bearing point on the frame element and a triangular coupling pivotably connected to the first swing arm at a first distance from the first bearing point and to the second swing arm in a second bearing point arranged at the first distance from the first bearing point.
- a Roberts linear guide is a gear element that is well known in mechanical engineering, so that it does not require any further explanation here.
- This linear guide ensures that when the two rockers are rotated relative to the frame element, a tip of the triangular coupling formed as an isosceles triangle is guided along a straight guide line over a section located between the two bearing points.
- the adjusting device which is provided with the special second adjusting mechanism in this development, makes use of this property in order to obtain a guide for a straight feed movement, which can be obtained by means of a coupling gear comprising only rotary joints.
- a third rocker is pivotably fixed to the frame element of the second coupling gear in addition to the first and second rocker of the Roberts straight guide and adjacent to the first rocker of the Roberts straight guide at a third bearing point.
- This third rocker of the second coupling gear is then connected to a first link at a third attachment point, wherein the first link is pivotably connected to the first rocker and the triangular link at the first attachment point.
- a connecting line connecting the third bearing point and the third attachment point in a straight line is essentially parallel to the first rocker arm of the Robertson straight guide.
- the guided link of the second coupling mechanism is pivotally connected at a first connection point to the tip of the triangular coupling, which is guided on a straight path, and is further connected at a second connection point to a second coupling at a distance from the first connection point along a line running parallel to the straight guide line on which the tip of the triangular coupling is guided.
- This second coupling is pivotally connected at a third attachment point to the third rocker arm and the first coupling of the second coupling mechanism.
- a connecting line between the first and the third attachment point is essentially parallel to the straight path on which the tip of the triangular coupling of the Roberts straight guide is guided.
- the second actuator with which the second coupling gear is moved, can now be arranged in particular in such a way that it can apply an actuating force between the frame element and the guided member of the second coupling gear, in particular in a direction parallel to the direction of the straight path on which the tip of the triangular coupling of the Roberts straight guide is guided.
- the frame element can be fixed to the third rocker of the first coupling gear in particular in such a way that the straight guide line on which the tip of the triangular coupling is guided extends essentially parallel to the fifth connecting line of the first coupling gear.
- the feed direction can be directed in particular in the direction of the virtual pivot point obtained by the first actuating mechanism, so that the machining tool can be pivoted by moving the first coupling gear and lifted or fed by actuating the second coupling gear, or the pressure of the tool on the rail surface to be machined can be adjusted by actuating the second coupling gear.
- a holder for the machining tool can be arranged in particular on the guided member of the second coupling gear.
- Such a holder can in turn be arranged there so that it can rotate about an axis, for example, if it has several tools or tool groups in the manner of a revolver, for example, which can be exchanged by rotation and, for example, rotated out of the machining position after wear and can be replaced by a new tool group or a tool rotated into the machining position, which is or are then fed in the direction of the rail head.
- an actuating device as described above can be used in particular in a grinding unit arranged in a rail vehicle for the grinding of rails laid in the track during a passage with several grinding bodies arranged in the grinding unit so as to rotate freely, i.e. not driven, with a rotation axis transverse to two of the longitudinal directions of the rail being passed over.
- first and/or the second actuating mechanism of the actuating device can each have coupling gears constructed and arranged parallel to one another, which are spaced apart from one another along a longitudinal extension of a longitudinally extending tool holder with tools arranged thereon and which are coupled to one another via at least one torsion tube in at least one or more, in particular in all of the mutually corresponding rotary joints in order to transmit a force applied via the first or the second actuator between the two corresponding, mutually opposite coupling gears, in particular in order to achieve parallel and/or synchronous lifting and/or pivoting of the two coupling gears.
- the figures show purely schematic diagrams of the principle, which are used to explain the design of an actuating device according to the invention, its mode of operation and its integration into a rail vehicle for processing rails in possible design variants.
- the figures are in particular not concrete Design specifications.
- a specialist can develop a concrete design from the following schematic diagrams and with reference to the following explanations using his professional skills.
- Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a grinding unit 1 for machining rails S laid in the track.
- the grinding unit 1 has a frame 2 and rail wheels 3 arranged on the frame 2, with which it travels on the rails S laid in the track, whether self-propelled or pulled by another rail vehicle.
- a grinding bar 4 is arranged in the grinding unit 1, on which rows of grinding bodies 5 are arranged in a turret-like arrangement, which are freely rotating about their axis of rotation and non-driven with the axis of rotation at an angle other than 90° oblique to the longitudinal direction of the rail S.
- One of the rows of grinding bodies 5 arranged on the grinding bar 4 is shown positioned on the surface of the rail S.
- the grinding bar 4 can be lifted off and rotated in order to place another row of fresh grinding bodies 5 on the rail S and to continue machining with this.
- the grinding bar 4 is suspended in an adjusting device 10, with which the grinding bar 4 and with it the processing tools in the form of the grinding bodies 5 can be positioned relative to the rail S laid in the track.
- the adjusting device 10 has a first adjusting mechanism 11 for positioning the grinding bodies 5 with regard to an angular position relative to the rail S in a plane transverse, in particular perpendicular, to the longitudinal direction of the rail S. It can also have a second adjusting mechanism 12 for adjusting the distance of the grinding bodies 5 to the rail S.
- Figure 2a shows the angular position that can be set using the first adjusting mechanism 11.
- the grinding bar 4 is pivoted along the arrow P 1 and thus adjusted in its angular position relative to the rail S, more precisely to the rail head SK.
- Figure 2b shows the distance positioning achievable with the second adjustment mechanism 12, the along the arrow P 2 in the Figure 2b ), along which the grinding bar 4 can be moved by means of the optionally available second adjusting mechanism 12 and can be moved accordingly towards or away from the rail S, more precisely the rail head SK.
- Figure 3 is shown - in a highly schematic principle representation - the basic structure of a first coupling gear 13, as it is used according to the invention in a first actuating mechanism of an actuating device according to the invention.
- the first coupling gear 13 contains gear members in the form of rockers and couplers, all of which are connected to one another exclusively by means of rotary joints, whereby these rotary joints each have a rotation axis that runs parallel to one another and perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. In the manner according to the invention, it enables the execution of a pivoting movement of a guided member around a virtual pivot point, which can be located in an inaccessible area, e.g. in a rail head, using only a single actuator.
- a frame 14 which here is in particular the frame 2 of a grinding unit 1 (cf. Figure 1 ) can act are in the Figure 3
- the individual gear elements of the coupling gear 13 are arranged in the embodiment variant shown as a schematic diagram.
- a first rocker 16 of the coupling gear 13 is pivotably mounted on the frame 14 at a first bearing point 15.
- a second rocker 18 is pivotably attached to the frame 14 at a second bearing point 17 spaced apart from the first bearing point 15.
- a first link 20 is pivotably connected to the first rocker 16 at a first attachment point 21 and to the second rocker at a second attachment point 24.
- the coupling gear 13 also has a third rocker 19. This third rocker is pivotally connected to the first link 20 at a third attachment point 25.
- the third attachment point 25 can be located at a distance from a straight connecting line between the first attachment point 21 and the second attachment point 24, here offset in the direction of the frame 14.
- a second coupling 22 is arranged on the fifth support point 23 and is pivotably connected to the associated swing arm 16, 19 in the respective support points 23, 26.
- the fifth support point 23 is further away from the first bearing point 15 than the first support point 21.
- the hatching of the triangular elements shown here, the first rocker arm 16 and the first coupling 20, is intended to illustrate that these elements are connected, rigid elements (gear links). However, these do not have to be triangular in shape, but can take on any shape that has a Figure 3 illustrated arrangement, in particular of the attachment and bearing points, is permitted.
- the other elements, which are only drawn in line form, second rocker 18, third rocker 19 and second coupling 22, can also take on other forms, e.g. rod-shaped.
- a line starting from the pivot point SP via the third attachment point 25, the first attachment point 21, the first pivot point 15 back to the pivot point SP describes a third parallelogram.
- a fourth parallelogram is then determined by the line starting from the pivot point via the fourth attachment point 26, the fifth attachment point 23, the first bearing point 15 back to the pivot point SP.
- the pivot point SP forms a corner point of both the third and the fourth parallelogram.
- the connecting line from the pivot point to the fourth bearing point 26 is in the Figure 3 shown in dashed lines as L 2 .
- the third attachment point 25 moves along a circular path around the pivot point SP
- the fourth attachment point 26 also moves along a circular path around the pivot point SP.
- the triangle formed by the polygonal line connecting the pivot point SP, third attachment point 25, and fourth attachment point 26 is always congruent, i.e. the distances of the third 25 and fourth 26 attachment points from the pivot point SP are always the same.
- a pivoting or rotating movement of the third rocker 19 about the pivot point SP can be achieved with the first coupling gear 13.
- a pivoting movement of a machining tool arranged on the third rocker 19 about the pivot point SP can also be realized, with the tool remaining aligned radially to the rail head SK by the first coupling gear 13.
- the first coupling gear 13 can be designed so that the pivot point lies within the rail head of the rail over which the rail vehicle travels and which is to be machined by the machining tool. In this way, it is possible to move the machining tool in a feed direction in which it is pivoted about a pivot point located in the rail head in order to set a machining profile.
- a machining tool fixed to the third rocker 19 can therefore be moved in a direction as shown in Figure 2a ) can be swivelled as shown.
- An adjustment of the first coupling gear 13 can be carried out by a first actuator, e.g. a hydraulic piston, which is arranged at any position in the coupling gear, e.g. between the first rocker 16 and the first coupling 22.
- a first actuator e.g. a hydraulic piston
- FIGs 4a) and 4b is a first coupling gear 13 contained in the first actuating mechanism 11 in a direction different from that in Figure 3 shown and explained above general form in a special case, where the two Figures 4a) and 4b ) display different setting positions of the coupling gear 13 and show how, with these different setting positions, the swivel movement already explained above can be swiveled about the virtual swivel point SP, which is shown here located within the rail head SK of the rail S.
- first bearing point 15, the first attachment point 21 and the fifth attachment point 23 are arranged on a straight connecting line along the first rocker 16.
- This measure ensures that the generally used, Figure 3 shown design of the coupling mechanism 13, in which the first bearing point 15, first bearing point 21 and fifth bearing point 23 are not located on a straight connecting line, but at an angle to each other, i.e. lines L 1 and L 2 which diverge there in the Figure 4 shown design coincide in a single, common line L, which at the same time forms the extension of the connecting line of the third 25 and the fourth 26 attachment point.
- This construction particularly simplifies a combination of the first coupling gear 13, or the first actuating mechanism integrating it, with a second actuating mechanism, as described in more detail below.
- FIG. 5a) and 5b shows a possible embodiment of a second actuating mechanism 12 that can be used in an actuating device according to the invention, whereby it should be clarified here that the second actuating mechanism 12, as shown in the Figures 5a) and 5b ) is only one possibility of providing the first adjusting mechanism in an adjusting device according to the invention with an adjustment option for the feed.
- the adjustment mechanism shown in the Figures 5a) and 5b ) is formed in a preferred variant by a coupling gear, a second coupling gear 27, which in turn is assembled from gear elements in the form of rockers and couplers that are connected to one another exclusively via rotary joints that rotate about mutually parallel axes of rotation.
- the second coupling gear 27 has a frame element 28 as its base, so to speak.
- a first rocker 30 is pivotably attached to this frame element 28 at a first bearing point 29.
- a second rocker 32 is pivotably attached to the frame element 28 at a second bearing point 31.
- the first rocker 30 is pivotably connected to a triangular coupler 34 at a first bearing point 33, and the second rocker 32 is pivotably connected to the triangular coupler 34 at a second bearing point 35.
- the first rocker 30 and the second rocker 32 each have a pivot point between the attachment point 29 or 31 and the attachment point 33 or 35 have an equal distance.
- the triangular coupling 34 is pivotally connected to a guided member 37 at a first connection point 36.
- the first attachment point 33, the second attachment point 35 and the first connection point 36 lie on the triangular coupling 34 at the corners of an isosceles triangle with equally long legs along the connecting lines between the first attachment point 33 and the first connection point 36 and the second attachment point 35 and the first connection point 36.
- the two rockers arranged on the frame element 28, first rocker 30 and second rocker 32, as well as the triangular coupling 34 arranged between the two rockers 30 and 32 form a known Roberts straight guide in which the connection point 36, which lies on a line between the bearing points 29 and 31, is guided on this connecting line along a largely straight guide line.
- a further gear part of the coupling gear 27 is connected to the Roberts straight guide.
- This consists of a third rocker 39 pivotably mounted on the frame element 28 at a third bearing point 38, a first coupling 41 pivotably connected to the third rocker 39 at a third attachment point 40, which is pivotably connected to the second rocker 32 and the triangular coupling 34 at the attachment point 35, and a second coupling 42 pivotably connected to the third coupling 39 and the first coupling 41 at the third attachment point 40 and pivotably connected to the guided member 37 of the coupling gear 27 at a second connection point 43.
- These additional gear elements transfer the straight guide path of the connection point 36 obtained by the Roberts straight guide to the connection point 43, so that the guided link 37 is guided along a largely straight path.
- an actuator 44 for example a hydraulic cylinder, which generates an actuating force parallel to the straight path along which the guided member 37 is guided.
- a comparison of the Figures 4a) and 4b ) shows how, driven by the actuator 44 through the second coupling gear 27, a straight guidance of the guided member 37 is obtained.
- an overall connected structure and an adjusting device are obtained in which an angle adjustment by means of the adjusting mechanism 11 and a feed adjustment by means of the adjusting mechanism 12 of the grinding bar 4 are possible independently of one another, so that even during grinding both the feed (the pressure) and the angular position of the grinding bar 4 relative to the rail head SK can be changed, in particular also continuously.
- the grinding bar 4 is fixed to the guided member 37 of the second coupling gear 27 in particular so as to be rotatable about its longitudinal axis, so that the revolver function described above can be carried out.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Machine Tool Units (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Stelleinrichtung zum Positionieren eines an einem an einem Schienenfahrzeug festgelegten Gestell angeordneten, einen Wirkabschnitt zum Bearbeiten eines Schienenkopfes aufweisenden Bearbeitungswerkzeuges relativ zu einer im Gleis verlegten, von dem Schienenfahrzeug überfahrenen Schiene, wobei die Stelleinrichtung einen ersten Stellmechanismus zum Verändern einer quer zu einer Längsrichtung der im Gleis verlegten Schiene gesehenen Winkelposition des Wirkabschnitts des Bearbeitungswerkzeuges aufweist und zudem mit Vorteil einen zweiten Stellmechanismus zum Verändern eines Abstandes des Wirkabschnitts des Bearbeitungswerkzeugs zu dem Schienenkopf der im Gleis verlegten Schiene aufweisen kann.The present invention relates to an adjusting device for positioning a machining tool arranged on a frame fixed to a rail vehicle and having an active section for machining a rail head relative to a rail laid in the track and traveled over by the rail vehicle, wherein the adjusting device has a first adjusting mechanism for changing an angular position of the active section of the machining tool seen transversely to a longitudinal direction of the rail laid in the track and can also advantageously have a second adjusting mechanism for changing a distance of the active section of the machining tool to the rail head of the rail laid in the track.
Es ist bekannt, dass im Gleis verlegte Schienen für Unterhalts- und Instandhaltungszwecke einer Bearbeitung unterzogen werden. Insbesondere kann das Befahren mit massereichen Schienenfahrzeugen zu Verschleiß am Schienenkopf und zu einer Veränderung dessen Querprofils führen. Sie müssen insoweit in zeitlichen Abständen reprofiliert werden. Auch können sich durch über lange Zeiträume erfolgte Überfahrten der Schienen von Schienenfahrzeugen Mikrorisse in der Schienenoberfläche, insbesondere der Oberfläche des Schienenkopfs, bilden, die die Gefahr einer weiteren Rissbildung und eines möglichen Schienenbruchs nach sich ziehen.It is known that rails laid in the track are subjected to treatment for maintenance and repair purposes. In particular, driving over them with heavy rail vehicles can lead to wear on the rail head and to a change in its cross-section. They must therefore be reprofiled at regular intervals. Microcracks can also form in the rail surface, particularly the surface of the rail head, when rail vehicles drive over the rails over long periods of time. which entails the risk of further cracking and possible rail breakage.
Im Rahmen der Wartung, der Instandhaltung, aber auch von vorbeugenden Wartungsarbeiten von im Gleis verlegten Schienen werden daher verschiedene Verfahren eingesetzt. So gibt es gleisfahrbare Fräseinrichtungen, mit denen die im Gleis verlegten Schienen reprofiliert werden. Heutzutage werden im Gleis verlegten Schienen, insbesondere auf Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrecken, aber auch prophylaktisch geschliffen, um mit einem geringen Materialertrag Mikrorisse abzuschleifen bzw. der Bildung von Mikrorissen vorzubeugen. Dies geschieht seit vielen Jahren erfolgreich mit einem Verfahren, bei dem frei rotierende, nicht angetriebene und auf einer Rotationsachse gelagerte Schleifkörper, deren Rotationsachsen in einem von 90° verschiedenen Winkel schräg zu den Schienen gestellt sind, mit vergleichsweise hoher Geschwindigkeit (zum Beispiel Geschwindigkeiten von etwa 80 km/h) überfahren werden, wobei aufgrund der hohen Geschwindigkeit und der Reibwirkung ein ausreichendes Moment erzeugt wird, um die Schleifkörper in Rotation zu versetzen und damit eine Schleifwirkung auf der Oberfläche des Schienenkopfes zu erhalten. Ein solches Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung für dessen Durchführung sind z.B. in der
Gerade bei derartigen Schleifverfahren und -vorrichtungen, aber auch bei sonstigen Schienenbearbeitungsverfahren, ist es wichtig, eine genaue Zustellung der Bearbeitungswerkzeuge an die während der Überfahrt bearbeitete Schiene zu erhalten. Dabei gibt es zwei grundsätzliche Zustellrichtungen. Zum einen kann ein Abstand zwischen einer Bearbeitungsfläche des Bearbeitungswerkzeugs und dem Schienenkopf eingestellt werden, einerseits, um durch Absenken des Bearbeitungswerkzeugs auf die Schiene den Schleifprozess zu starten, bzw. durch Anheben wieder zu beenden, andererseits, um die Bearbeitungswerkzeuge mit definiertem, für den Schleifprozess vorteilhaften Anpressdruck auf die Schiene zu pressen und den fortlaufenden Verschleiß der Bearbeitungswerkzeuge durch Nachsetzen zu kompensieren. Zum anderen ist die Einstellung eines in einer senkrecht zu der Schienenlängsrichtung liegenden Ebene gelegenen Schwenkwinkels relevant, unter dem das Bearbeitungswerkzeug an den Schienenkopf herangeführt wird. Dieser Schwenkwinkel bestimmt, welcher Abschnitt des Schienenkopfes bearbeitet wird (zum Beispiel die Fahrkante oder die Fahrfläche). Durch geeignete Wahl der so entstehenden Schleifspuren kann eine Profilgestaltung vorgenommen werden.Especially with such grinding processes and devices, but also with other rail processing processes, it is important to achieve an accurate feed of the processing tools to the rail being processed during the passage. There are two basic feed directions. On the one hand, a distance between a processing surface of the processing tool and the rail head can be set, on the one hand to start the grinding process by lowering the processing tool onto the rail, or to end it again by lifting it, and on the other hand to press the processing tools onto the rail with a defined contact pressure that is advantageous for the grinding process and to compensate for the ongoing wear of the processing tools by repositioning them. On the other hand, the setting of a plane lying perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rail is The pivot angle at which the machining tool is brought to the rail head is relevant. This pivot angle determines which section of the rail head is machined (for example the running edge or the running surface). A profile can be designed by selecting the grinding tracks that are created in this way.
So weisen also bekannte Bearbeitungsvorrichtungen, mit denen im Gleis verlegten Schienen während einer Überfahrt bearbeitet werden können, typischerweise Stelleinrichtungen auf, die zwei Stellmechanismen haben, nämlich einen für die Zustellung, d. h. die Einstellung des Abstandes des Bearbeitungswerkzeugs von der Schiene, und einen für die Einstellung der Winkelposition, unter der das Bearbeitungswerkzeug an dem Schienenkopf angreift. Problematisch hierbei ist, dass eine Zustellbewegung eine Linearbewegung ist, bei der in einem ersten und heutzutage auch vielfach gebrauchten Lösungsansatz Linearführungen verwendet werden, zum Beispiel Gleitführungen. Das Problem derartiger Linearführungen besteht darin, das hierfür benötigte Lager schwer abzudichten und gerade in einem wie bei einer materialabtragenden Bearbeitung von Schienen entstehenden Umfeld mit hoher Staub- und Schmutzpartikelbelastung störanfällig sind. Linearlager, wie z.B. Gleitlager, sind dabei auch empfindlich gegenüber Querkräften und müssen entsprechend stabil ausgelegt werden, bzw. sind empfindlich gegenüber Ausschlagen oder auch einem Verkanten und dadurch bedingten Blockieren der Lager. Über eine Drehbewegung mit kleinen Drehwinkeln und Verwendung von günstigen, gut abzudichtenden und robusten Drehlagern kann mit entsprechenden Getrieben eine linearisierte Hubbewegung realisiert werden, allerdings führt die Kreisbewegung unweigerlich zu Querbewegungen senkrecht zur Hubbewegung, die umso großer ist, je größer der Drehwinkel, bzw. der Hubweg gewählt wird.Known processing devices with which rails laid in the track can be processed during a crossing typically have adjusting devices that have two adjusting mechanisms, namely one for the feed, i.e. setting the distance of the processing tool from the rail, and one for setting the angular position at which the processing tool engages the rail head. The problem here is that a feed movement is a linear movement, for which linear guides, for example sliding guides, are used in a first and nowadays widely used solution. The problem with such linear guides is that the bearing required for this is difficult to seal and they are prone to failure, especially in an environment with high levels of dust and dirt particles, such as when machining rails to remove material. Linear bearings, such as sliding bearings, are also sensitive to transverse forces and must be designed to be correspondingly stable, or are sensitive to deflection or tilting and the resulting blocking of the bearings. A linearized stroke movement can be realized with appropriate gears by means of a rotary movement with small angles of rotation and the use of inexpensive, well-sealed and robust rotary bearings. However, the circular movement inevitably leads to transverse movements perpendicular to the stroke movement, which are greater the larger the angle of rotation or the stroke distance is selected.
Die Winkeleinstellung kann zwar über günstigere, robuste und gut abzudichtende Drehgelenke erfolgen, dabei erfolgt bei den bekannten Lösungen eine Drehung allerdings nur um einen Schwenkpunkt, der außerhalb der zu bearbeitenden Schiene liegt. Eine derartige Lösung ist beispielsweise aus der
Hiervon ausgehend ist es nun Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Stelleinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend weiterzubilden, dass diese unter Verzicht auf Linear- oder Kulissenführungen insbesondere die Einstellung der Winkelposition um einen virtuellen Schwenkpunkt ermöglicht, der nicht durch ein Drehgelenk abgebildet ist. Vorzugsweise soll dieser virtuelle Schwenkpunkt bei einer Überfahrt über die zu bearbeitende Schiene innerhalb des Schienenkopfes positioniert werden können. In einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung soll zudem mit Vorteil eine Stelleinrichtung derart weitergebildet werden, dass sie einen Stellmechanismus zum Verändern eines Abstandes des Wirkabschnitts des Bearbeitungswerkzeugs zu dem Schienenkopf aufweist, der ebenfalls ohne Linearführungen und Kulissenführungen auskommt.Based on this, it is now the object of the invention to further develop an adjusting device of the type mentioned at the beginning in such a way that, without the need for linear or sliding guides, it enables the angular position to be adjusted around a virtual pivot point that is not represented by a swivel joint. This virtual pivot point should preferably be able to be positioned within the rail head when traveling over the rail to be machined. In a further aspect of the invention, an adjusting device should also advantageously be further developed in such a way that it has an adjusting mechanism for changing a distance between the effective section of the machining tool and the rail head, which also does not require linear guides and sliding guides.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe zunächst gelöst durch eine Stelleinrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen einer solchen Stelleinrichtung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2 bis 10 bezeichnet. In einem weiteren, im Anspruch 11 festgehaltenen Aspekt wird mit der Erfindung ferner ein in einem Schienenfahrzeug angeordnetes Schleifaggregat für die Schleifbearbeitung von im Gleis verlegten Schienen während einer Überfahrt mit mehreren mit einer Rotationsachse unter einem von 90° verschiedenen Winkel quer zu einer Längsrichtung der überfahrenen Schiene in dem Schleifaggregats angeordneten, um die Rotationsachse jeweils frei und nicht angetrieben rotierbaren Schleifkörperreihe angegeben, das sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass das Schleifaggregat eine wie mit dieser Erfindung angegebene Stelleinrichtung aufweist.According to the invention, this object is initially achieved by an actuating device with the features of
Eine erfindungsgemäße Stelleinrichtung zum Positionieren eines an einem an einem Schienenfahrzeug festgelegten Gestell angeordneten, einen Wirkabschnitt zum Bearbeiten eines Schienenkopfes aufweisenden Bearbeitungswerkzeugs relativ zu einer im Gleis verlegten, von dem Schienenfahrzeug überfahrenen Schiene hat, wie im Stand der Technik bereits üblich, zunächst einmal einen ersten Stellmechanismus zum Verändern einer quer zu einer Längsrichtung der im Gleis verlegten Schiene gesehenen Winkelposition des Wirkabschnitts des Bearbeitungswerkzeugs. Sie kann zudem auch einen zweiten Stellmechanismus zum Verändern eines Abstandes des Wirkabschnitts des Bearbeitungswerkzeugs zu dem Schienenkopf der im Gleis verlegten Schiene aufweisen.An adjusting device according to the invention for positioning a machining tool arranged on a frame fixed to a rail vehicle and having an active section for machining a rail head relative to a rail laid in the track over which the rail vehicle travels, has, as is already common in the prior art, first of all a first adjusting mechanism for changing an angular position of the effective section of the processing tool as seen transversely to a longitudinal direction of the rail laid in the track. It can also have a second adjusting mechanism for changing a distance of the effective section of the processing tool from the rail head of the rail laid in the track.
Das Besondere an der erfindungsgemäßen Stelleinrichtung ist zunächst die Ausgestaltung des ersten Stellmechanismus. Erfindungsgemäß weist dieser ein erstes Koppelgetriebe und einen ersten Aktuator zum Bewegen des ersten Koppelgetriebes auf.The special feature of the actuating device according to the invention is first of all the design of the first actuating mechanism. According to the invention, this has a first coupling gear and a first actuator for moving the first coupling gear.
Das erste Koppelgetriebe weist ausschließlich Getriebeglieder in Form von Schwingen und Koppeln auf, die über verdrehbare Drehgelenke mit zu einander parallele Drehachsen verbunden sind. Weiterhin ermöglicht der erste Stellmechanismus ein Verschwenken des mit diesem verbundenen Bearbeitungswerkzeuges um einen, insbesondere im Betrieb in dem Schienenkopf liegenden, virtuellen Schwenkpunkt unter Betätigung lediglich des einen ersten Aktuators.The first coupling gear has only gear elements in the form of rockers and couplings, which are connected to axes of rotation parallel to one another via rotatable swivel joints. Furthermore, the first actuating mechanism enables the machining tool connected to it to be pivoted about a virtual pivot point, which is located in the rail head in particular during operation, by actuating only the first actuator.
Diese Maßnahme führt dazu, dass mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Koppelgetriebe für den ersten Stellmechanismus keine Linearführungen oder Kulissenführungen eingesetzt werden, und hat den Vorteil, dass die verwendeten Drehgelenke wartungsarm und robust ausführbar sind, insbesondere in der bei der Bearbeitung der Schienen vorherrschenden hochgradig schmutz- und partikelbelasteten Umgebung mit sehr abrasiven Medien, und dass die Drehgelenke durch ein gewisses Winkelspiel, welches diese aufweisen, auch bei hohen auftretenden Kräften nicht zum Verkannten neigen und den Stellmechanismus blockieren.This measure means that no linear guides or slotted guides are used with the coupling gear according to the invention for the first adjusting mechanism, and has the advantage that the swivel joints used are low-maintenance and robust, especially in the highly dirty and particle-laden environment with very abrasive media that prevails when processing the rails, and that the swivel joints do not tend to jam even when high forces occur and block the adjusting mechanism due to a certain angular play that they have.
Das erste Koppelgetriebe enthält erfindungsgemäß wenigstens zwei Schwingen, nämlich eine erste, an einem ersten relativ zu dem Gestell positionsfesten Lagerpunkt verschwenkbar angelagerte Schwinge und weiterhin eine zweite, an einem zweiten relativ zu dem Gestell ortsfesten Lagerpunkt verschwenkbar angelagerte Schwinge. Die Drehachsen der beiden Schwingen sind dabei parallel zueinander.According to the invention, the first coupling mechanism contains at least two rockers, namely a first rocker pivotably mounted on a first bearing point that is fixed in position relative to the frame, and a second rocker pivotably mounted on a second bearing point that is fixed in position relative to the frame. The axes of rotation of the two rockers are parallel to one another.
Wenn die vorstehend bezeichneten Lagerpunkte hier als "relativ zu dem Gestell positionsfest" beschrieben sind, so zielt dies auf eine Positionsfestigkeit in einem normalen Betriebszustand des ersten Koppelgetriebes ab und schließt insbesondere nicht aus, dass die Lagerpunkte durch Verstellen des Gestells oder auch durch eine Einzelverstellung der Lagerpunkte relativ zu dem Gestell verschoben bzw. in ihrer Position verlagert werden können, z.B. um das erste Koppelgetriebe zu verschieben oder auszurichten oder auch um eine gezielte Verstimmung des Getriebes zu erhalten.If the above-mentioned bearing points are described here as "positionally fixed relative to the frame", this is aimed at a positional stability in a normal operating state of the first coupling gear and in particular does not exclude the possibility that the bearing points can be moved or shifted in their position by adjusting the frame or by individually adjusting the bearing points relative to the frame, e.g. in order to move or align the first coupling gear or also to achieve a targeted detuning of the gear.
Weiterhin ist eine erste Koppel Bestandteil des ersten Koppelgetriebes, die an einem ersten, an der ersten Schwinge angeordneten Anlagerpunkt und an einem zweiten, an der zweiten Schwinge angeordneten Anlagerpunkt angelagert und dabei jeweils relativ zu der zugehörigen Schwinge verschwenkbar ist, wobei die Drehachsen durch die Anlagepunkte parallel zu den Drehachsen durch die Lagerpunkte sind. Die Anordnung aus erster und zweiter Schwinge und der diese verbindenden Koppel kann erfindungsgemäß so gewählt sein, dass ein aus den jeweiligen geradlinigen Verbindungslinien ausgehend von dem erstem Lagerpunkt über den ersten Anlagerpunkt, den zweiten Anlagerpunkt, den zweiten Lagerpunkt und zurück zum ersten Lagerpunkt gebildeter Polygonzug ein erstes Parallelogramm ergibt. Es sind dann also der Abstand der Lagerpunkte der beiden Schwingen und die Länge der Koppel gleich, und es ist außerdem die Längen von Anlagerpunkt zu Lagerpunkt an beiden Schwingen gleich.Furthermore, a first coupling is part of the first coupling gear, which is mounted on a first support point arranged on the first rocker arm and on a second support point arranged on the second rocker arm and can be pivoted relative to the associated rocker arm, the axes of rotation through the support points being parallel to the axes of rotation through the bearing points. The arrangement of the first and second rockers and the coupling connecting them can be selected according to the invention such that a polygonal line formed from the respective straight connecting lines starting from the first bearing point via the first support point, the second support point, the second bearing point and back to the first bearing point results in a first parallelogram. The distance between the bearing points of the two rockers and the length of the coupling are then the same, and the lengths from support point to bearing point on both rockers are also the same.
Weiterhin ist bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Stellmechanismus an der ersten Koppel ein von einer Verbindungslinie zwischen dem ersten Anlagerpunkt und dem zweiten Anlagerpunkt beabstandet angeordneter dritter Anlagerpunkt ausgebildet, und es ist an diesem dritten Anlagerpunkt eine dritte Schwinge verschwenkbar angelagert. Dabei kann die Lage des dritten Anlagepunkts so gewählt sein, dass ein Projektionspunkt des dritten Anlagerpunkts auf eine den ersten Anlagepunkt und den zweiten Anlagerpunkt verbindenden Gerade zwischen diesen Anlagepunkten liegt, aber auch so, dass diese Projektion außerhalb des zwischen den beiden Anlagerpunkten gelegenen Bereichs liegt. Es ist ferner eine zweite Koppel Bestandteil des ersten Koppelgetriebes, die an einem vierten, an der dritten Schwinge angeordneten Anlagerpunkt an der dritten Schwinge verschwenkbar angelagert ist, wiederum mit einer Drehachse parallel zu den zuvor genannten Drehachsen. Diese dritte Schwinge ist weiterhin mit an einem fünften, an der ersten Schwinge angeordneten Anlagerpunkt an der ersten Schwinge verschwenkbar angelagert, erneut um eine Drehachse, die parallel zu den anderen genannten Drehachsen verläuft. Dabei kann die erste Schwinge so gestaltet sein, dass der erste Anlagerpunkt einen Abstand zu einer Verbindungslinie zwischen dem ersten Lagerpunkt und dem fünften Anlagerpunkt aufweist. Es kann aber auch der erste Anlagerpunkt auf einer geraden Verbindungslinie zwischen dem ersten Lagerpunkt und dem fünften Anlagerpunkt liegen; es können also die drei Punkte erster Lagerpunkt, erster Anlagerpunkt und fünfter Anlagerpunkt auf einer gemeinsamen, geraden Verbindungslinie liegen.Furthermore, in the actuating mechanism according to the invention, a third attachment point is formed on the first coupling, arranged at a distance from a connecting line between the first attachment point and the second attachment point, and a third rocker is pivotably mounted on this third attachment point. The position of the third attachment point can be selected so that a projection point of the third attachment point on a straight line connecting the first attachment point and the second attachment point lies between these attachment points, but also so that this projection lies outside the area located between the two attachment points. A second coupling is also part of the first coupling gear, which is attached to a fourth, on the third Swing arm is pivotably mounted on the third swing arm at a support point arranged on the first swing arm, again with a rotation axis parallel to the previously mentioned rotation axes. This third swing arm is further pivotably mounted on the first swing arm at a fifth support point arranged on the first swing arm, again about a rotation axis that runs parallel to the other mentioned rotation axes. The first swing arm can be designed such that the first support point is a distance from a connecting line between the first bearing point and the fifth support point. However, the first support point can also lie on a straight connecting line between the first bearing point and the fifth support point; in other words, the three points first bearing point, first support point and fifth support point can lie on a common, straight connecting line.
Erfindungsgemäß ist dabei der Aufbau des ersten Koppelgetriebes dann weiterhin so gestaltet, dass ein aus den jeweiligen geradlinigen Verbindungslinien ausgehend von dem erstem Anlagerpunkt über den dritten Anlagerpunkt, den vierten Anlagerpunkt, den fünften Anlagerpunkt und zurück zum ersten Anlagerpunkt gebildeter Streckenzug ein zweites Parallelogramm ergibt.According to the invention, the structure of the first coupling gear is then further designed such that a line formed from the respective straight connecting lines starting from the first attachment point via the third attachment point, the fourth attachment point, the fifth attachment point and back to the first attachment point results in a second parallelogram.
In der wie oben dargelegten Ausgestaltung ist ein Koppelgetriebe gebildet, das mehrere Parallelogramme aufgespannt. So ist ein erstes, vorstehend bereits beschriebenes Parallelogramm gebildet durch den Linienverlauf ausgehend von dem erstem Lagerpunkt über den ersten Anlagerpunkt, den zweiten Anlagerpunkt, den zweiten Lagerpunkt und zurück zum ersten Lagerpunkt. Ein zweites, ebenfalls bereits vorstehend erwähntes Parallelogramm ist gebildet durch den Linienverlauf ausgehend von dem erstem Anlagerpunkt über den dritten Anlagerpunkt, den vierten Anlagerpunkt, den fünften Anlagerpunkt und zurück zum ersten Anlagerpunkt.In the embodiment described above, a coupling mechanism is formed which spans several parallelograms. A first parallelogram, already described above, is formed by the line course starting from the first bearing point via the first attachment point, the second attachment point, the second bearing point and back to the first bearing point. A second parallelogram, also already mentioned above, is formed by the line course starting from the first attachment point via the third attachment point, the fourth attachment point, the fifth attachment point and back to the first attachment point.
Diese generelle Konstruktion führt nun dazu, dass der dritte Anlagerpunkt und der vierte Anlagerpunkt bei einer Verstellung des Koppelgetriebes um einen virtuellen Schwenkpunkt verschwenkt werden, der an einem Schnittpunkt zwischen einer zu einer Verbindungslinie zwischen dem ersten Lagerpunkt und dem ersten Anlagerpunkt parallelen und durch den dritten Anlagerpunkt verlaufenden Linie und einer zu einer Verbindungslinie zwischen dem ersten Anlagerpunkt und dem dritten Anlagerpunkt parallelen und durch den ersten Lagerpunkt verlaufenden Linie liegt. Dieser Schnittpunkt - also der Schwenkpunkt - bildet dabei seinerseits wiederum einen Eckpunkt eines dritten Parallelogramms, das durch den Streckenzug der aneinandergereihten geraden Verbindungslinien von erstem Lagerpunkt über ersten Anlagerpunkt, dritten Anlagerpunkt, den Schnittpunkt und zurück zum ersten Lagerpunkt gebildet ist.. Dieser Schnittpunkt fällt dann zudem mit einem Schnittpunkt zwischen einer zu einer Verbindungslinie zwischen dem ersten Lagerpunkt und dem fünften Anlagerpunkt parallelen und durch den vierten Anlagerpunkt verlaufenden Linie und der zu der Verbindungslinie zwischen dem ersten Anlagerpunkt und dem dritten Anlagerpunkt parallelen und durch den ersten Lagerpunkt verlaufenden Linie zusammen, der also auch den Schwenkpunkt bestimmt. Er bildet insoweit auch einen Eckpunkt eines vierten Parallelgramms, das durch den Streckenzug der aneinandergereihten geraden Verbindungslinien von erstem Lagerpunkt über fünften Anlagerpunkt, vierten Anlagerpunkt, den Schnittpunkt und zurück zum ersten Lagerpunkt gebildet ist.This general design means that the third attachment point and the fourth attachment point are pivoted around a virtual pivot point when the coupling gear is adjusted, which is located at an intersection point between a line parallel to a connecting line between the first bearing point and the first attachment point and passing through the third attachment point and a line parallel to a connecting line between the first attachment point and the third attachment point and passing through the first bearing point. This intersection point - i.e. the pivot point - in turn forms in turn a corner point of a third parallelogram, which is formed by the line of the straight connecting lines from the first bearing point via the first attachment point, the third attachment point, the intersection point and back to the first bearing point. This intersection point then coincides with an intersection point between a line parallel to a connecting line between the first bearing point and the fifth attachment point and running through the fourth attachment point and the line parallel to the connecting line between the first attachment point and the third attachment point and running through the first bearing point, which therefore also determines the pivot point. In this respect it also forms a corner point of a fourth parallelogram, which is formed by the line of the straight connecting lines from the first bearing point via the fifth attachment point, the fourth attachment point, the intersection point and back to the first bearing point.
Es ist also mit anderen Worten mit einem wie vorstehend beschriebenen ersten Stellmechanismus möglich, eine Verschwenkung der dritten Schwinge um einen virtuellen Schwenkpunkt (virtuellen Drehpunkt) zu erhalten, der durch den vorstehend beschriebenen Schnittpunkt, den Eckpunkt des dritten und vierten Parallelogramms, bestimmt ist.In other words, with a first actuating mechanism as described above, it is possible to obtain a pivoting of the third rocker arm about a virtual pivot point (virtual pivot point) which is determined by the intersection point described above, the corner point of the third and fourth parallelogram.
Dieser virtuelle Schwenkpunkt kann nun durch eine entsprechende Positionierung der beiden Lagerpunkte und eine entsprechende Auslegung der jeweiligen Lage der Lagerpunkte und Anlagerpunkte, mithin also auch der jeweiligen Entfernungen zwischen diesen Punkten im Raum gezielt platziert werden. Dies kann insbesondere so erfolgen, dass der virtuelle Schwenkpunkt beim Einsatz der Stelleinrichtung in einem Schienenfahrzeug innerhalb des Schienenkopfs einer überfahrenen und mit dem Bearbeitungswerkzeug, das mit der Stelleinrichtung verstellt werden kann, zu bearbeitenden Schiene liegt. Es sind aber auch andere Platzierungen des virtuellen Schwenkpunktes denkbar und können in der praktischen Anwendung von Nutzen sein, insbesondere auch in anderen Bereichen des überfahrenen Gleises und des zugehörigen Raumes, in denen ein realer Drehpunkt, also ein Maschinenteil, nicht platziert werden kann, z.B. aufgrund einer ansonsten begangenen sog. Lichtraumverletzung, also eines Eindringens in einen für Gleiseinbauten oder aus Sicherheitsgründen gesperrten Abschnittes des zum Gleis gehörigen Raumprofils. Auch ist eine Platzierung des virtuellen Drehpunkts außerhalb, z.B. knapp außerhalb, also oberflächennah, des Schienenkopfes möglich und denkbar.This virtual pivot point can now be placed in a targeted manner by appropriately positioning the two bearing points and appropriately designing the respective position of the bearing points and attachment points, and thus also the respective distances between these points in space. This can be done in particular in such a way that the virtual pivot point, when the adjusting device is used in a rail vehicle, is located within the rail head of a rail that is being driven over and is to be machined with the processing tool that can be adjusted with the adjusting device. However, other placements of the virtual pivot point are also conceivable and can be useful in practical application, in particular in other areas of the track being driven over and the associated space in which a real pivot point, i.e. a machine part, cannot be placed, e.g. due to a so-called clearance violation that would otherwise have been committed, i.e. an intrusion into a Track installations or a section of the spatial profile belonging to the track that is closed for safety reasons. It is also possible and conceivable to place the virtual pivot point outside, e.g. just outside, i.e. close to the surface, of the rail head.
Auf diese Weise wird nicht nur eine besonders robuste und allein durch Drehgelenke realisierte Winkeleinstellung erhalten, sondern es kann durch die Platzierung des virtuellen Schwenk- bzw. Drehpunktes auch eine Schwenkbewegung des Werkzeugs, genauer eines Wirkabschnittes desselben um einen innerhalb des Schienenkopfes gelegenen Drehpunkt erhalten werden, was, wie vorstehend ausgeführt, für eine Bearbeitung des Schienenkopfes und den Erhalt eines möglichst idealen Profils von großem Vorteil ist.In this way, not only is a particularly robust angle adjustment achieved solely by means of swivel joints, but the placement of the virtual swivel or pivot point also allows a swivel movement of the tool, or more precisely of an effective section of the tool, around a pivot point located within the rail head, which, as stated above, is of great advantage for machining the rail head and obtaining the most ideal profile possible.
Der erste Aktuator kann dabei grundsätzlich an ganz unterschiedlichen Positionen angeordnet werden. Er wird in der Praxis dort zwischen zwei Gliedern des ersten Koppelgetriebes oder zwischen dem Gestell und einem Glied des ersten Koppelgetriebes angeordnet werden, wo ausreichend Bauraum zur Verfügung steht und wo die Hebelverhältnisse sich möglichst günstig gestalten, mit dem Aktuator ein wirksames Moment in das erste Koppelgetriebe einzubringen.The first actuator can basically be arranged in a variety of positions. In practice, it will be arranged between two links of the first coupling gear or between the frame and a link of the first coupling gear, where there is sufficient installation space and where the leverage ratios are as favorable as possible to introduce an effective torque into the first coupling gear with the actuator.
In der wie vorstehend beschriebenen Ausgestaltung kann eine Verbindungslinie zwischen dem dritten Anlagerpunkt und dem vierte Anlagerpunkt grundsätzlich in ganz unterschiedlicher Orientierung realisiert werden, insbesondere in einer Orientierung, die nicht parallel ist zu einer von den Anlagerpunkten jeweils in Richtung des virtuellen Schwenkpunktes weisenden Verbindungslinie, insbesondere nicht entlang dieser verläuft. Um die Verbindungslinie zwischen dem dritten Anlagerpunkt und dem vierten Anlagerpunkt in einer Richtung auf den virtuellen Schwenkpunkt zu laufend auszurichten, kann mit Vorteil der erste Anlagerpunkt auf einer den ersten Lagerpunkt mit dem fünften Anlagerpunkt geradlinig verbindenden Verbindungslinie liegen. Durch diese Maßnahme wird die Verbindungslinie zwischen dritten Anlagerpunkt und viertem Anlagerpunkt und damit eine Längsorientierung dritten Schwinge in Flucht zu dem virtuellen Drehpunkt ausgerichtet.In the embodiment described above, a connecting line between the third attachment point and the fourth attachment point can basically be realized in a very different orientation, in particular in an orientation that is not parallel to a connecting line pointing from the attachment points in the direction of the virtual pivot point, in particular does not run along this. In order to align the connecting line between the third attachment point and the fourth attachment point in a direction running towards the virtual pivot point, the first attachment point can advantageously lie on a connecting line that connects the first bearing point with the fifth attachment point in a straight line. By this measure, the connecting line between the third attachment point and the fourth attachment point and thus a longitudinal orientation of the third rocker arm is aligned with the virtual pivot point.
Grundsätzlich können die beiden Lagerpunkte fest mit einem Rahmen oder Chassis des Schienenfahrzeuges, bei dem es sich auch um ein Bearbeitungsaggregat handeln kann, verbunden sein. Für eine weitere Einstellmöglichkeiten kann aber auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Lagerpunkte auf einer mit dem Schienenfahrzeug lösbar verbindbaren und um einen zwischen den Lagerpunkten gelegenen Befestigungspunkt verschwenkbaren Stellwippe angeordnet sind. So kann durch ein Verkippen dieser Stellwippe um den Befestigungspunkt die Positionierung der Lagerpunkte im Verhältnis zu dem Schienenfahrzeug justiert werden, für eine weitere Einstellung der Lage des virtuellen Drehpunktes und um damit einen weiteren Freiheitsgrad in der Einstellung des Bearbeitungswerkzeuges in seiner relativen Lage zu der zu bearbeitenden Schiene zu erhalten.In principle, the two bearing points can be firmly connected to a frame or chassis of the rail vehicle, which can also be a processing unit. For further adjustment options, however, it can also be provided that the bearing points are arranged on an adjusting rocker that can be detachably connected to the rail vehicle and pivoted about a fastening point located between the bearing points. By tilting this adjusting rocker about the fastening point, the positioning of the bearing points in relation to the rail vehicle can be adjusted for further adjustment of the position of the virtual pivot point and thus to obtain a further degree of freedom in the adjustment of the processing tool in its relative position to the rail to be processed.
In einem weiteren vorteilhaften Aspekte Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Stelleinrichtung einen zweiten Stellmechanismus zum Verändern eines Abstandes des Wirkabschnitts des Bearbeitungswerkzeugs zu dem Schienenkopf der im Gleis verlegten Schiene aufweist.In a further advantageous aspect of the invention, it is proposed that the adjusting device has a second adjusting mechanism for changing a distance of the effective section of the processing tool to the rail head of the rail laid in the track.
Ein solcher zweiter Stellmechanismus kann grundsätzlich auf sehr unterschiedliche Arten realisiert werden. Er kann z.B. zwei synchronisierte und parallel geführte Längenverstellmittel zum gleichzeitigen Verstellen der Längen der ersten und der zweiten Schwinge enthalten.Such a second adjustment mechanism can basically be implemented in very different ways. For example, it can contain two synchronized and parallel length adjustment devices for simultaneously adjusting the lengths of the first and second rocker arms.
Der zweite Stellmechanismus kann erfindungsgemäß aber auch eine besondere Gestaltung aufweisen. In einer solchen besonderen Gestaltung kann der zweite Stellmechanismus ein zweites Koppelgetriebe aufweisen, das ebenfalls ausschließlich über um zueinander parallele Drehachsen verdrehbare Drehgelenke miteinander verbundene Getriebeglieder in Form von Schwingen und Koppeln aufweist. Auch der zweite Stellmechanismus ist bei einer solchen Ausgestaltungsvariante lediglich mit Drehgelenken versehen, die, wie vorstehend bereits erwähnt, robust und wartungsarm sind und zugleich aufgrund eines gewissen Spiels auch bei hohen auftretenden Kräften nicht zu einem Verklemmen oder Verkeilen neigen. Ein Gestellelement des zweiten Koppelgetriebes ist bei dieser vorgeschlagenen Variante an der dritten Schwinge des ersten Koppelgetriebes festgelegt, und ein das zweite Koppelgetriebe bewegender zweiter Aktuator ist vorgesehen.According to the invention, the second actuating mechanism can also have a special design. In such a special design, the second actuating mechanism can have a second coupling gear, which also has gear members in the form of rockers and couplings that are connected to one another exclusively via rotary joints that can be rotated about axes of rotation that are parallel to one another. In such a design variant, the second actuating mechanism is also only provided with rotary joints, which, as already mentioned above, are robust and low-maintenance and, at the same time, do not tend to jam or wedge due to a certain amount of play, even when high forces occur. In this proposed variant, a frame element of the second coupling gear is attached to the third rocker of the first coupling gear. and a second actuator moving the second coupling gear is provided.
Das Besondere dieser Variante einer erfindungsgemäßen Stelleinrichtung besteht nun darin, dass das zweite Koppelgetriebe eine Roberts Geradführung aufweist, die eine erste in einem ersten Lagerpunkte an dem Gestellelement schwenkbar festgelegte Schwinge und eine zweite, an einem zweiten Lagerpunkt an dem Gestellelement schwenkbar festgelegte Schwinge aufweist und eine mit der ersten Schwinge in einem ersten Abstand zum ersten Lagerpunkt angeordneten ersten Anlagerpunkt und mit der zweiten Schwinge in einem mit dem ersten Abstand zu dem ersten Lagerpunkt angeordneten zweiten Anlagerpunkt verschwenkbar verbundenen Dreieckskoppel.The special feature of this variant of an actuating device according to the invention is that the second coupling gear has a Roberts straight guide, which has a first swing arm pivotably fixed at a first bearing point on the frame element and a second swing arm pivotably fixed at a second bearing point on the frame element and a triangular coupling pivotably connected to the first swing arm at a first distance from the first bearing point and to the second swing arm in a second bearing point arranged at the first distance from the first bearing point.
Eine Roberts Geradführung ist ein im Maschinenbau hinlänglich bekanntes Getriebeelement, so dass dieses hier keiner weiteren Erläuterung bedarf. Diese Geradführung besorgt, dass bei einer Verdrehung der beiden Schwingen relativ zu dem Gestellelement eine Spitze der als gleichschenkliges Dreieck gebildeten Dreieckskoppel jedenfalls über einen zwischen den beiden Lagerpunkten gelegenen Abschnitt entlang einer gerade verlaufenden Führungslinie geführt wird. Diese Eigenschaft macht sich die in dieser Weiterbildung mit dem besonderen zweiten Stellmechanismus versehene Stelleinrichtung zu Nutze, um so eine Führung für eine gerade verlaufende Zustellbewegung zu erhalten, die mittels eines ausschließlich Drehgelenke umfassenden Koppelgetriebes erhalten werden kann.A Roberts linear guide is a gear element that is well known in mechanical engineering, so that it does not require any further explanation here. This linear guide ensures that when the two rockers are rotated relative to the frame element, a tip of the triangular coupling formed as an isosceles triangle is guided along a straight guide line over a section located between the two bearing points. The adjusting device, which is provided with the special second adjusting mechanism in this development, makes use of this property in order to obtain a guide for a straight feed movement, which can be obtained by means of a coupling gear comprising only rotary joints.
Für eine geordnete Linearführung eines geführten Glieds des zweiten Koppelgetriebes kann insbesondere vorgesehen sein, dass an dem Gestellelement des zweiten Koppelgetriebes zusätzlich zu der ersten und der zweiten Schwinge der Roberts Geradführung und benachbart zu der ersten Schwinge der Roberts Geradführung in einem dritten Lagerpunkt eine dritte Schwinge verschwenkbar festgelegt ist. Diese dritte Schwinge des zweiten Koppelgetriebes ist dann an einem dritten Anlagerpunkt mit einer ersten Koppel verbunden, wobei die erste Koppel in dem ersten Anlagerpunkt mit der ersten Schwinge und der Dreieckskoppel schwenkbar verbunden ist. Dabei ist eine den dritten Lagerpunkt und den dritten Anlagerpunkt geradlinig verbindende Verbindungslinie im Wesentlichen parallel zu der ersten Schwinge der Robertson Geradführung ausgerichtet. Das geführte Glied des zweiten Koppelgetriebes ist an einem ersten Verbindungspunkt mit der auf einer geraden Bahn geführten Spitze der Dreieckskoppel verschwenkbar verbunden und ist weiterhin an einem zweiten von dem ersten Verbindungspunkt entlang einer parallel zu der geraden Führungslinie, auf der die Spitze der Dreieckskoppel geführt ist, verlaufenden Linie beabstandet in einem zweiten Verbindungspunkt mit einer zweiten Koppel verbunden. Diese zweite Koppel ist in einem dritten Anlagerpunkt mit der dritten Schwinge und der ersten Koppel des zweiten Koppelgetriebes verschwenkbar verbunden. Eine Verbindungslinie zwischen dem ersten und dem dritten Anlagerpunkt ist im Wesentlichen parallel zu der geraden Bahn, auf der die Spitze der Dreieckskoppel der Roberts Geradführung geführt ist. Diese Ausgestaltung übersetzt die gerade Führung der Spitze der Dreieckskoppel der Roberts Geradführung zugleich in eine parallele gerade Führung des zweiten Verbindungspunktes und besorgt somit eine Geradführung eines stangenartigen Gliedes, des geführten Gliedes des zweiten Koppelgetriebes.For an orderly linear guidance of a guided member of the second coupling gear, it can be provided in particular that a third rocker is pivotably fixed to the frame element of the second coupling gear in addition to the first and second rocker of the Roberts straight guide and adjacent to the first rocker of the Roberts straight guide at a third bearing point. This third rocker of the second coupling gear is then connected to a first link at a third attachment point, wherein the first link is pivotably connected to the first rocker and the triangular link at the first attachment point. A connecting line connecting the third bearing point and the third attachment point in a straight line is essentially parallel to the first rocker arm of the Robertson straight guide. The guided link of the second coupling mechanism is pivotally connected at a first connection point to the tip of the triangular coupling, which is guided on a straight path, and is further connected at a second connection point to a second coupling at a distance from the first connection point along a line running parallel to the straight guide line on which the tip of the triangular coupling is guided. This second coupling is pivotally connected at a third attachment point to the third rocker arm and the first coupling of the second coupling mechanism. A connecting line between the first and the third attachment point is essentially parallel to the straight path on which the tip of the triangular coupling of the Roberts straight guide is guided. This design simultaneously translates the straight guidance of the tip of the triangular coupling of the Roberts straight guide into a parallel straight guidance of the second connection point and thus ensures a straight guidance of a rod-like link, the guided link of the second coupling mechanism.
Der zweite Aktuator, mit dem das zweite Koppelgetriebe bewegt wird, kann nun insbesondere so angeordnet sein, dass er eine Stellkraft zwischen das Gestellelement und das geführte Glied des zweiten Koppelgetriebes aufbringen kann, insbesondere in einer Richtung parallel zu der Richtung der geraden Bahn, auf der die Spitze der Dreieckskoppel der Roberts Geradführung geführt ist. In einer mit einem wie vorstehend beschriebenen zweiten Stellmechanismus versehenen Stelleinrichtung kann das Gestellelement an der dritten Schwinge des ersten Koppelgetriebes insbesondere derart festgelegt sein, dass sich die gerade Führungslinie, auf der die Spitze der Dreieckskoppel geführt ist, im Wesentlichen parallel zu der fünften Verbindungslinie des ersten Koppelgetriebes erstreckt. Durch diese Maßnahme kann die Zustellrichtung insbesondere in Richtung des durch den ersten Stellmechanismus erhaltenen virtuellen Drehpunktes gerichtet sein, sodass das Bearbeitungswerkzeug durch Bewegen des ersten Koppelgetriebes verschwenkt und durch Betätigen des zweiten Koppelgetriebes abgehoben oder zugestellt werden kann, bzw. durch Betätigen des zweiten Koppelgetriebes ein Andruck des Werkzeugs an die zu bearbeitende Schienenoberfläche eingestellt werden kann.The second actuator, with which the second coupling gear is moved, can now be arranged in particular in such a way that it can apply an actuating force between the frame element and the guided member of the second coupling gear, in particular in a direction parallel to the direction of the straight path on which the tip of the triangular coupling of the Roberts straight guide is guided. In an actuating device provided with a second actuating mechanism as described above, the frame element can be fixed to the third rocker of the first coupling gear in particular in such a way that the straight guide line on which the tip of the triangular coupling is guided extends essentially parallel to the fifth connecting line of the first coupling gear. By means of this measure, the feed direction can be directed in particular in the direction of the virtual pivot point obtained by the first actuating mechanism, so that the machining tool can be pivoted by moving the first coupling gear and lifted or fed by actuating the second coupling gear, or the pressure of the tool on the rail surface to be machined can be adjusted by actuating the second coupling gear.
Ein Halter für das Bearbeitungswerkzeug kann bei einer wie vorstehend gestalteten Variante der Stelleinrichtung mit dem beschriebenen zweiten Stellmechanismus insbesondere an dem geführten Glied des zweiten Koppelgetriebes angeordnet sein. Ein solcher Halter kann dort wiederum zum Beispiel um eine Achse verdrehbar angeordnet sein, wenn er zum Beispiel nach Art eines Revolvers mehrere Werkzeuge oder Werkzeuggruppen aufweist, die durch eine Rotation getauscht und zum Beispiel nach Verschleiß aus der Bearbeitungsposition herausgedreht werden können und durch eine neue in die Bearbeitungsposition gedrehte Werkzeuggruppe oder ein Werkzeug ersetzt werden können, das oder die dann wiederum in Richtung des Schienenkopfes zugestellt wird bzw. werden.In a variant of the adjusting device designed as above with the second adjusting mechanism described, a holder for the machining tool can be arranged in particular on the guided member of the second coupling gear. Such a holder can in turn be arranged there so that it can rotate about an axis, for example, if it has several tools or tool groups in the manner of a revolver, for example, which can be exchanged by rotation and, for example, rotated out of the machining position after wear and can be replaced by a new tool group or a tool rotated into the machining position, which is or are then fed in the direction of the rail head.
Wie bereits erwähnt, kann eine wie vorstehend beschrieben Stelleinrichtung insbesondere in einem in einem Schienenfahrzeug angeordneten Schleifaggregat für die Schleifbearbeitung von im Gleis verlegten Schienen während einer Überfahrt mit mehreren mit einer Rotationsachse quer zwei der Längsrichtung der überfahrenen Schiene in dem Schleifaggregat frei rotieren angeordneten, also nicht angetriebenen Schleifkörpern eingesetzt werden.As already mentioned, an actuating device as described above can be used in particular in a grinding unit arranged in a rail vehicle for the grinding of rails laid in the track during a passage with several grinding bodies arranged in the grinding unit so as to rotate freely, i.e. not driven, with a rotation axis transverse to two of the longitudinal directions of the rail being passed over.
Insbesondere können der erste und oder der zweite Stellmechanismus der Stelleinrichtung jeweils parallel zueinander aufgebaute und angeordnete Koppelgetriebe aufweisen, die entlang einer Längserstreckung einer daran angeordneten, längserstrecken Werkzeugaufnahme mit Werkzeugen zueinander beabstandet sind und die über wenigstens ein Torsionsrohr in wenigstens einem oder mehreren, insbesondere in allen der zueinander korrespondierenden Drehgelenke miteinander gekoppelt sind, um eine über den ersten bzw. den zweiten Aktuator aufgebrachte Kraft zwischen den beiden korrespondierenden, einander gegenüberliegenden Koppelgetrieben zu übertragen, insbesondere um so ein paralleles und/oder synchrones Heben und/oder Schwenken der beiden Koppelgetriebe zu erreichen.In particular, the first and/or the second actuating mechanism of the actuating device can each have coupling gears constructed and arranged parallel to one another, which are spaced apart from one another along a longitudinal extension of a longitudinally extending tool holder with tools arranged thereon and which are coupled to one another via at least one torsion tube in at least one or more, in particular in all of the mutually corresponding rotary joints in order to transmit a force applied via the first or the second actuator between the two corresponding, mutually opposite coupling gears, in particular in order to achieve parallel and/or synchronous lifting and/or pivoting of the two coupling gears.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung möglicher Ausgestaltungsform anhand der beigefügten Figuren. Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- in einer schematischen Prinzipdarstellung ein Schienenfahrzeug in Form eines Schleifaggregats mit einer darin verwirklichten erfindungsgemäßen Stelleinrichtung;
- Fig. 2
- in zwei Ansichten a) und b) prinzipiell die für eine Schienenbearbeitung, hier eine Schleifbearbeitung, erforderlichen Zustellrichtungen einer Winkeleinstellung sowie einer geradlinigen Zustellung;
- Fig. 3
- eine abstrahierte Funktionsskizze des Koppelgetriebes zum Verschwenken um einen virtuellen Drehpunkt, wobei in dieser Skizze der allgemeine Fall dargestellt ist, dass der erste Anlagerpunkt nicht auf der Verbindungslinie zwischen dem ersten Lagerpunkt und dem fünften Anlagerpunkt liegt, und nicht der Sonderfall, bei dem die genannten drei Punkte auf einer geraden Linie liegen.
- Fig. 4
- in zwei Darstellungen a) und b) in einem prinzipiellen Schaubild eine spezifische Ausführungsvariante eines Koppelgetriebes eines ersten Stellmechanismus einer erfindungsgemäßen Stelleinrichtung in zwei unterschiedlichen Stellpositionen;
- Fig. 5
- in zwei Darstellungen a) und b) in einem prinzipiellen Schaubild einen zweiten Stellmechanismus einer erfindungsgemäßen Stelleinrichtung in zwei unterschiedlichen Stellpositionen; und
- Fig. 6
- in einer Prinzipdarstellung das Zusammenfügen und Zusammenwirken von dem in
gezeigten ersten Stellmechanismus, dem inFigur 4 dargestellten zweiten Stellmechanismus und einem Bearbeitungswerkzeug (hier Schleifbalken) in einem möglichen Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Stelleinrichtung.Figur 5
- Fig.1
- in a schematic principle representation of a rail vehicle in the form of a grinding unit with an actuating device according to the invention implemented therein;
- Fig.2
- in two views a) and b) in principle the feed directions of an angle adjustment and a straight-line feed required for rail machining, in this case a grinding operation;
- Fig.3
- an abstracted functional sketch of the coupling gear for pivoting about a virtual pivot point, whereby this sketch shows the general case that the first attachment point is not on the connecting line between the first bearing point and the fifth attachment point, and not the special case in which the three points mentioned lie on a straight line.
- Fig.4
- in two representations a) and b) in a basic diagram a specific embodiment variant of a coupling gear of a first actuating mechanism of an actuating device according to the invention in two different actuating positions;
- Fig.5
- in two representations a) and b) in a basic diagram a second actuating mechanism of an actuating device according to the invention in two different actuating positions; and
- Fig.6
- in a schematic representation the assembly and interaction of the
Figure 4 shown first adjustment mechanism, the one inFigure 5 shown second adjusting mechanism and a processing tool (here grinding bar) in a possible embodiment of an adjusting device according to the invention.
In den Figuren sind in rein schematischen Darstellungen Prinzipskizzen festgehalten, anhand derer nachfolgend die Gestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Stelleinrichtung, deren Wirkweise und deren Integration in ein Schienenfahrzeug für die Bearbeitung von Schienen in möglichen Ausgestaltungsvarianten erläutert werden soll. Die Figuren sind dabei insbesondere keine konkreten Konstruktionsvorgaben. Ein Fachmann kann allerdings eine konkrete Konstruktion aus den nachstehenden Prinzipdarstellungen und unter Rückgriff auf die nachfolgenden Erläuterungen unter Einsatz seines fachmännischen Könnens erarbeiten.The figures show purely schematic diagrams of the principle, which are used to explain the design of an actuating device according to the invention, its mode of operation and its integration into a rail vehicle for processing rails in possible design variants. The figures are in particular not concrete Design specifications. However, a specialist can develop a concrete design from the following schematic diagrams and with reference to the following explanations using his professional skills.
In
Diese beiden Stellparameter sind in der
In
Das erste Koppelgetriebe 13 enthält Getriebeglieder in Form von Schwingen und Koppeln, die allesamt ausschließlich mit Drehgelenken untereinander verbunden sind, wobei diese Drehgelenke jeweils Drehachse haben, die parallel zueinander und senkrecht zur Zeichenebene verlaufen. Es ermöglicht in der erfindungsgemä-ßen Weise mit lediglich einem einzigen Aktuator die Ausführung einer Schwenkbewegung eines geführten Gliedes um einen virtuellen Drehpunkt, der insbesondere in einem unzugänglichen Bereich, z.B. in einem Schienenkopf, liegen kann. An einem Gestell 14, bei dem es sich hier insbesondere um den Rahmen 2 eines Schleifaggregats 1 (vergleiche
Die Schraffuren der hier dreieckig geformt dargestellten Elemente erste Schwinge 16 und erste Koppel 20, soll hier lediglich verdeutlichen, dass es sich bei diesen Elementen um zusammenhängende, starre Elemente (Getriebeglieder) handelt. Diese müssen allerdings keine Dreiecksform aufweisen, sondern können jede beliebige Form annehmen, die eine wie in der
In der in
In der
Weiterhin ist zu erkennen, dass ein aus den jeweiligen geradlinigen Verbindungslinien ausgehend von dem erstem Anlagerpunkt 21 über den dritten Anlagerpunkt 25, den vierten Anlagerpunkt 26, den fünften Anlagerpunkt 23 und zurück zum ersten Anlagerpunkt 21 gebildeter Streckenzug ein zweites Parallelogramm ergibt.Furthermore, it can be seen that a line segment formed from the respective straight connecting lines starting from the
Durch diese Ausgestaltung ergeben sich zwei weitere, ein viertes und ein fünftes Parallelogramm: Eine zu einer Verbindungslinie zwischen dem ersten Lagerpunkt 15 und dem ersten Anlagerpunkt 21 parallele und durch den dritten Anlagerpunkt 25 verlaufenden Linie L1 schneidet sich mit einer zu einer Verbindungslinie zwischen dem ersten Anlagerpunkt 21 und dem dritten Anlagerpunkt 25 parallelen und durch den ersten Lagerpunkt (15) verlaufenden, in
Wird nun das erste Koppelgetriebe 13 durch Verschwenken der ersten und der zweiten Schwinge 16, 18 bewegt, bzw. verstellt, so bewegt sich der dritte Anlagerpunkt 25 entlang einer Kreisbahn um den Schwenkpunkt SP, und der vierte Anlagerpunkt 26 bewegt sich ebenfalls entlang einer Kreisbahn um den Schwenkpunkt SP. Unabhängig vom jeweiligen Schwenkwinkel ist dabei das durch den die Punkte Schwenkpunkt SP, dritter Anlagerpunkt 25, vierter Anlagerpunkt 26 verbindenden Polygonzug gebildete Dreieck immer kongruent, d. h. die Abstände des dritten 25 und vierten 26 Anlagerpunktes vom Schwenkpunkt SP sind immer gleich. Auf diese Weise kann also mit dem ersten Koppelgetriebe 13 eine Schwenk- bzw. Drehbewegung der dritten Schwinge 19 um den Schwenkpunkt SP erhalten werden. Entsprechend lässt sich also auch eine Schwenkbewegung eines an der dritten Schwinge 19 angeordneten Bearbeitungswerkzeuges um den Schwenkpunkt SP realisieren, wobei das Werkzeug durch das erste Koppelgetriebe 13 radial zum Schienenkopf SK ausgerichtet bleibt.If the
Nun kann das erste Koppelgetriebe 13 so ausgelegt werden, dass der Schwenkpunkt innerhalb des Schienenkopfs der von dem Schienenfahrzeug überfahrenen, von dem Bearbeitungswerkzeug zu bearbeitenden Schiene liegt. Auf diese Weise lässt sich erreichen, dass das Bearbeitungswerkzeug in einer Zustellrichtung bewegt werden kann, in der es um einen in dem Schienenkopf gelegenen Schwenkpunkt verschwenkt wird, um so ein Bearbeitungsprofil einzustellen. Es kann also ein an der dritten Schwinge 19 festgelegtes Bearbeitungswerkzeug in einer wie in
Ein Verstellen des ersten Koppelgetriebes 13 kann durch einen ersten Aktuator, z.B. einen Hydraulikstempel, erfolgen, der an irgendeiner Position in dem Koppelgetriebe angeordnet ist, z.B. zwischen der ersten Schwinge 16 und der ersten Koppel 22.An adjustment of the
In den
Bezüglich der allgemeinen Beschreibung des ersten Koppelgetriebes 13 ist auf die Beschreibung der
Das Besondere an der hier gezeigten Ausgestaltung ist, dass der erste Lagerpunkt 15, der erste Anlagerpunkt 21 und der fünfte Anlagerpunkt 23 auf einer geraden Verbindungslinie entlang der ersten Schwinge 16 angeordnet liegen. Durch diese Maßnahme wird erreicht, dass die in der allgemeinen, in
In den
Um in der gezeigten Ausgestaltungsform nicht nur den ersten Verbindungspunkt 36, sondern das langgestreckte geführte Glied 37 entlang einer geraden Linie zu führen, ist an die Roberts Geradführung ein weiteres Getriebeteil des Koppelgetriebes 27 angebunden. Dieses besteht aus einer an einem dritten Lagerpunkt 38 an dem Gestellelement 28 schwenkbar angelagerten dritten Schwinge 39, einer in einem dritten an Anlagerpunkt 40 mit der dritten Schwinge 39 schwenkbar verbundenen ersten Koppel 41, die an dem Anlagerpunkt 35 schwenkbar mit der zweiten Schwinge 32 und der Dreieckskoppel 34 verbunden ist und einer zweiten Koppel 42, die an dem dritten Anlagerpunkt 40 mit der dritten Koppel 39 und der ersten Koppel 41 verschwenkbar verbunden ist und die an einem zweiten Verbindungspunkt 43 mit dem geführten Glied 37 des Koppelgetriebes 27 schwenkbar verbunden ist. Diese zusätzlichen Getriebeelemente übertragen die durch die Roberts Geradführung erhaltene gerade Führungsbahn des Verbindungspunktes 36 auf den Verbindungspunkt 43, sodass das geführte Glied 37 insgesamt entlang einer weitgehend gerade verlaufenden Bahn geführt ist.In order to guide not only the
Zwischen dem geführten Glied 37 und dem Gestellelement 28 ist ein Aktuator 44, zum Beispiel ein Hydraulikzylinder, angeordnet, der eine Stellkraft parallel zu der gerade verlaufenden Bahn, entlang derer das geführte Glied 37 geführt wird, aufbringt. Ein Vergleich der
In
Aus der vorstehenden Beschreibung möglicher Ausführungsvarianten ist noch einmal deutlich geworden, welche Vorteile die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung einer Stelleinrichtung mit sich bringt.From the above description of possible embodiments it has once again become clear which advantages the design of an actuating device according to the invention brings with it.
- 11
- SchleifaggregatGrinding unit
- 22
- RahmenFrame
- 33
- SchienenradRail wheel
- 44
- SchleifbalkenSanding bar
- 55
- SchleifkörperAbrasive body
- 1010
- StelleinrichtungAdjustment device
- 1111
- erster Stellmechanismusfirst adjustment mechanism
- 1212
- zweiter Stellmechanismussecond adjustment mechanism
- 1313
- erstes Koppelgetriebefirst coupling gear
- 1414
- Gestellframe
- 1515
- erster Lagerpunktfirst bearing point
- 1616
- erste Schwingefirst wing
- 1717
- zweiter Lagerpunktsecond bearing point
- 1818
- zweite Schwingesecond swing arm
- 1919
- dritte Schwingethird wing
- 2020
- erste Koppelfirst paddock
- 2121
- erster Anlagerpunktfirst investment point
- 2222
- zweite Koppelsecond paddock
- 2323
- fünfter Anlagerpunktfifth investment point
- 2424
- zweiter Anlagerpunktsecond investment point
- 2525
- dritter Anlagerpunktthird investment point
- 2626
- vierter Anlagerpunktfourth investment point
- 2727
- zweites Koppelgetriebesecond coupling gear
- 2828
- GestellelementFrame element
- 2929
- erster Lagerpunktfirst bearing point
- 3030
- erste Schwingefirst wing
- 3131
- zweiter Lagerpunktsecond bearing point
- 3232
- zweite Schwingesecond swing arm
- 3333
- erster Anlagerpunktfirst investment point
- 3434
- DreieckskoppelTriangular coupling
- 3535
- zweiter Anlagerpunktsecond investment point
- 3636
- erster Verbindungspunktfirst connection point
- 3737
- geführtes Gliedguided member
- 3838
- dritter Lagerpunktthird bearing point
- 3939
- dritte Schwingethird wing
- 4040
- dritter Anlagerpunktthird investment point
- 4141
- erste Koppelfirst paddock
- 4242
- zweite Koppelsecond paddock
- 4343
- zweiter Verbindungspunktsecond connection point
- 4444
- AktuatorActuator
- LL
- Linieline
- L1L1
- Linieline
- L2L2
- Linieline
- P1P1
- PfeilArrow
- P2P2
- PfeilArrow
- SPSP
- SchwenkpunktPivot point
- SS
- Schienerail
- SKss
- SchienenkopfRail head
Claims (11)
- A positioning device (10) for positioning a machining tool (5), which is arranged on a frame (14) fixed to a rail vehicle (1) and has an active section for machining a rail head (SK), relative to a rail (S) laid in the track and traversed by the rail vehicle (1), in particular according to claim 1, wherein the positioning device (10) has a first positioning mechanism (11) for changing an angular position, viewed transversely to a longitudinal direction of the rail (S) laid in the track, of the active section of the machining tool (5),
wherebythe first positioning mechanism (11) has a first coupling gear (13) and a first actuator for moving the first coupling gear (13),wherein the first coupling gear (13) exclusively comprises gear members in the form of swing arms and couplings connected to one another via pivot joints which can be rotated about axes of rotation parallel to one another,wherein the first coupling gear (13) has a first swing arm (16) pivotably mounted on a first pivot point (15) fixed in position relative to the frame (14) and a second swing arm (18) pivotably mounted on a second pivot point (17) fixed in position relative to the frame (14),wherein the first coupling gear (13) further comprises a first coupling (20), which is pivotably mounted relative to the associated swing arm (16, 18) at a first bearing point (21) arranged on the first swing arm (16) and at a second bearing point (24) arranged on the second swing arm (18),wherein a section formed from the respective straight connecting lines starting from the first pivot point (15) via the first bearing point (21), the second bearing point (24), the second pivot point (17) and back to the first pivot point (15) results in a first parallelogram,wherein furthermore a third bearing point (25) is formed on the first coupling (20), which is arranged at a distance from a connecting line between the first bearing point (21) and the second bearing point (24) and on which a third swing arm (19) is pivotably mounted,wherein the first coupling gear (13) further comprises a second coupling (22) which is pivotably mounted on the third swing arm (19) at a fourth bearing point (26) arranged on the third swing arm (19) and is pivotably mounted on the first swing arm (16) at a fifth bearing point (23) arranged on the first swing arm (16), wherein a straight line formed from the respective straight connecting lines starting from the first bearing point (21) via the third bearing point (25), the fourth bearing point (26), the fifth bearing point (23) and back to the first bearing point (21) results in a second parallelogram. - A positioning device (10) according to claim 1, characterised in that the two pivot points (15, 17) are positioned in such a way and that the positions of the bearing points (21, 23, 24, 25, 26) are selected in such a way that an intersection point (SP) between a line parallel to a connecting line between the first pivot point (15) and the first bearing point (21) and extending through the third bearing point (25) and a line parallel to a connecting line between the first bearing point (21) and the third bearing point (25) and extending through the first pivot point (15) is located within the rail head (SK) of the rail vehicle (1) over which the rail vehicle (1) is travelling, the rail (S) to be machined by the machining tool (5), and in that this intersection point (SP) coincides with an intersection point (SP) between a line parallel to a connecting line between the first pivot point (15) and the fifth bearing point (23) and extending through the fourth bearing point (26) and the line parallel to the connecting line between the first bearing point (21) and the third bearing point (25) and extending through the first pivot point (15).
- A positioning device (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the first pivot point (15), the first contact point (21) and the fifth bearing point (23) lie on a straight connecting line.
- A positioning device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the two pivot points (15, 17) are arranged on an adjusting swing arm which can be releasably connected to the rail vehicle (1) and can pivot about a fastening point located between the pivot points (15, 17).
- A positioning device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it has a second positioning mechanism (12) for changing a distance between the effective section of the machining tool (5) and the rail head (SK) of the rail (S) laid in the track.
- A positioning device (10) according to claim 5, characterised in that the second positioning mechanism (12) has a second coupling gear (27) with a frame element (28) fixed to the third swing arm (19) of the first coupling gear (13) and a second actuator (44) moving the second coupling gear (27), wherein the second coupling gear (27) exclusively comprises gear members in the form of swing arms and couplings connected to one another via pivot joints which are rotatable about axes of rotation parallel to one another, and wherein the second coupling gear (27) comprises a first swing arm (30) pivotably fixed at a first bearing point (29) on the frame element (28) and a second swing arm (30) pivotably fixed at a second bearing point (31) on the frame element (28), (32) pivotably fixed at a second bearing point (31) on the frame element (28) and a first contact point (33) pivotably connected to the first swing arm (30) at a first distance from the first bearing point (29) and to the second swing arm (32) at a second contact point (35) arranged at the first distance from the second bearing point (31) and having a Roberts straight guide.
- A positioning device (10) according to claim 6, characterised in that a third swing arm (39) is pivotably fixed to the frame element (28) of the second coupling gear (27) in addition to the first (30) and the second (32) swing arm of the Roberts straight guide and adjacent to the first swing arm (30) of the Roberts straight guide in a third bearing point (38), wherein the third swing arm (39) of the second coupling gear (27) is connected to a first coupling (41) at a third bearing point (40), wherein the first coupling (41) is pivotably connected to the first swing arm (30) and the triangular coupling (34) at the first bearing point (33), wherein a connecting line connecting the third bearing point (38) and the third abutment point (40) in a straight line is substantially parallel to the first swing arm (30) of the Roberts straight guide and wherein a guided member (37) of the second coupling gear (27) is pivotably connected at a first connection point (36) to the tip of the triangular coupling (34) guided on a straight path and at a second guided member (37) from the first connection point (36) along a guide line parallel to the straight guide line, the tip of the triangular coupling (34) is guided along the straight guide line, and is connected to a second coupling (42) at a second connection point (43) spaced from the first connection point (36) along a line extending parallel to the straight guide line, wherein the second coupling (42) is pivotably connected to the third swing arm (39) and the first coupling (41) of the second coupling gear (27) at the third contact point (40), wherein a connecting line between the first (33) and the third contact point (40) is substantially parallel to the straight path on which the tip of the triangular coupling (34) of the Roberts straight guide is guided.
- A positioning device (10) according to claim 7, characterised in that the second actuator (44) is arranged such that it can apply an actuating force between the frame element (28) and the guided member (37) of the second coupling gear (27).
- A positioning device (10) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the frame element (28) is fixed to the third swing arm (19) of the first coupling gear (13) in such a way that the straight guide line, on which the tip of the triangular coupling (34) is guided, extends essentially parallel to the first swing arm (16) of the first coupling gear (13).
- A positioning device (10) according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterised in that a holder (4) for the machining tool (5) is arranged on the guided member (37) of the second coupling gear (27).
- A grinding unit arranged in a rail vehicle (1) for the grinding of rails (S) laid in the track during a traverse with a plurality of grinding elements (5) arranged freely rotating in the grinding unit with an axis of rotation transverse to a longitudinal direction of the traversed rail (S), characterised in that the grinding unit has an positioning device (10) according to one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20162476.4A EP3879032B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | Positioning device for positioning a machining tool relative to a rail |
CN202011560145.9A CN113389098B (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-12-25 | Adjusting device for positioning a machining tool relative to a guide rail |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20162476.4A EP3879032B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | Positioning device for positioning a machining tool relative to a rail |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3879032A1 EP3879032A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
EP3879032B1 true EP3879032B1 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
Family
ID=69804701
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20162476.4A Active EP3879032B1 (en) | 2020-03-11 | 2020-03-11 | Positioning device for positioning a machining tool relative to a rail |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP3879032B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN113389098B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114774876B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2024-08-20 | 纳峰真空镀膜(上海)有限公司 | Coating film revolving rack |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE536557C (en) * | 1931-10-23 | Hamburger Hochbahn Akt Ges | Rail grinding device pivotable around the rail as a rotation axis | |
DE660420C (en) * | 1936-08-26 | 1938-05-28 | Fried Krupp Akt Ges | Rail grinding car |
DE4437585C1 (en) | 1994-10-20 | 1996-03-21 | Pomikacsek Josef | Method and device for machining the running surface of rails by peripheral grinding |
CN1143917C (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2004-03-31 | 维尔弗里德·舍夫 | Arrangement of grinding assembly with grinding tool in rail grinding machine |
DE50304209D1 (en) | 2003-03-20 | 2006-08-24 | Stahlberg Roensch Gmbh & Co Kg | Apparatus for machining the running surfaces of rails by peripheral grinding |
EP2400056A1 (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2011-12-28 | Vossloh High Speed Grinding GmbH | Device for processing bearing surfaces of rails using peripheral grinding with adjustable grinding profile |
DE202018004312U1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-10-10 | Goldschmidt Thermit Gmbh | Device for reprofiling and deburring rails |
CN110820444B (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-07-14 | 永康市一迪工业产品设计有限公司 | Lightweight railway track car of polishing |
-
2020
- 2020-03-11 EP EP20162476.4A patent/EP3879032B1/en active Active
- 2020-12-25 CN CN202011560145.9A patent/CN113389098B/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN113389098B (en) | 2023-06-30 |
EP3879032A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
CN113389098A (en) | 2021-09-14 |
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