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EP3853389A1 - Steel for surface hardening with high edge hardness and with a fine ductile core structure - Google Patents

Steel for surface hardening with high edge hardness and with a fine ductile core structure

Info

Publication number
EP3853389A1
EP3853389A1 EP19773026.0A EP19773026A EP3853389A1 EP 3853389 A1 EP3853389 A1 EP 3853389A1 EP 19773026 A EP19773026 A EP 19773026A EP 3853389 A1 EP3853389 A1 EP 3853389A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steel
weight
steel according
content
hardening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19773026.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Serosh Engineer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ezm Edelstahlzieherei Mark GmbH
Original Assignee
Ezm Edelstahlzieherei Mark GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ezm Edelstahlzieherei Mark GmbH filed Critical Ezm Edelstahlzieherei Mark GmbH
Publication of EP3853389A1 publication Critical patent/EP3853389A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20Carburising
    • C23C8/22Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/32Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16GBELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
    • F16G13/00Chains
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06Surface hardening

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steel which is suitable for surface hardening and has a high hardness on the surface and a high
  • Depth of hardening enables.
  • the invention relates to a steel that has the potential to
  • Composition of the material also have sufficient hardenability.
  • case-hardened components are manufactured, for example, from the steel known under the name "14CrNiMo5", which according to the directional analysis consists of (in% by weight) 0.12% C, 1.40% Cr, 0.30% Mo and 1 , 6% Ni, balance iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • this steel does not achieve the required high surface hardness with the necessary certainty after direct hardening.
  • German standard DIN 17115 (current edition 2012 - 07) deals with the technical delivery conditions for steels for welded
  • Ni: 1.35-1.65, N: ⁇ 0.012, Cu: ⁇ 0.020; Rest Fe) is a material that is used for the production of case-hardened round steel chains can be used. But even this steel does not achieve the minimum surface hardness of> 820 HV1 after direct hardening.
  • the materials listed in the delivery conditions such as 20MnCrMo3-2 (1.6522: (content in% by weight) C: 0.17 - 0.23, Si: ⁇ 0.40, Mn: 0.60 - 0.95, P ⁇ 0.025, S: ⁇ 0.015, Cr: 0.35-0.65, Mo: 0.15-0.25, No: 0.40-0.70, AI: ⁇ 0.050, Cu: ⁇ 0.30 , Rest Fe), 23MnNiCrMo5-3 (1.6540:
  • EP 1 905 857 B1 is another high-strength steel with (in% by weight) C: 0.15 - 0.3%, Si: 0.1 - 0.5%, Mn: 0.6 - 1, 8%, Cr: 1, 0 - 1, 8%, Mo: 0.10 - 0.50%, Ni: up to 0.50%, Nb: 0.030 - 0.150%, Ti: 0.020 - 0.060%, AI: 0.010 - 0.060%, N: 0.008 - 0.030%, P: ⁇ 0.030%, S: ⁇ 0.030%, balance iron and unavoidable impurities known.
  • This steel also does not achieve the required high surface hardness of more than 820 HV1 during direct hardening from the case heat.
  • the tests show that the hardness of the core structure at 425 HV is too high and, as a result, the toughness of the core structure is too low to withstand high sudden break stresses.
  • Relaxation annealing not only has the potential to develop a hardened surface layer with a high surface hardness, in particular more than 820 HV1, but also has a tough, fine-grained core structure and at the same time is easy to weld. Its properties are intended to make a steel according to the invention particularly suitable for the production of chains and individual chain parts for areas of application of the type described in DIN 17115.
  • the invention has achieved this object by means of a steel having the composition specified in claim 1.
  • a steel according to the invention which meets the above-mentioned requirements accordingly consists of (in% by weight)
  • the steel according to the invention is composed such that it
  • the steel according to the invention typically has a structure in the core that essentially consists of
  • fine-grained, ductile martensite and bainite is characterized by a grain size of 6 and finer, determined according to the ASTM E112 standard.
  • a steel according to the invention has good weldability.
  • it can be used for the manufacture of chain links
  • Presence of C in the steel according to the invention if the C content is at least 0.12% by weight. If the C content is above 0.19% by weight, there is a risk that the core hardness of the steel will increase too much and the ductility or toughness of the core structure is impaired. Furthermore, the limitation to at most 0.19% by weight of C, in particular less than 0.19% by weight of C, contributes to the good weldability of the steel.
  • An optimized embodiment of the invention provides that the C content is limited to at most 0.16% by weight, in particular at most 0.13% by weight, in order to minimize any negative influence of C on the properties of the steel.
  • the silicon (“Si”) content of a steel according to the invention should be as low as possible, since silicon leads to a solidification of the structure. Such an increase in hardening proves to be particularly harmful if no stress relief annealing is carried out after the surface hardening.
  • Manganese can be added to the steel according to the invention to increase its hardenability. Since Mn lowers the transition temperatures into the ferrite / pearlite and martensite stage, the Mn content is
  • Mn content can be increased to at least 0.7% by weight of Mn.
  • the content of phosphorus ("P") is kept as low as possible in a steel according to the invention, since P causes a strong hardening of the structure after cooling from the case hardening heat in the case of the surface layer hardening. To prevent this, the P content of the steel according to the invention is limited to at most 0.015% by weight, in particular less than 0.015% by weight.
  • the sulfur (“S”) content of a steel according to the invention should also be set as low as possible, since S reduces the ductility or toughness of the structure. To prevent this, the S content of the Steel according to the invention is limited to at most 0.015% by weight, in particular less than 0.015% by weight.
  • the chromium (“Cr”) content in the steel according to the invention is limited to a maximum of 1.0% by weight in order to ensure a low residual austenite content in the hardened outer layer after hardening the outer layer. This effect can be achieved particularly reliably if the Cr content of the steel is limited to at most 0.6% by weight, in particular 0.5% by weight.
  • the loss of hardenability of the steel to be expected as a result of the low Cr content is compensated for in the steel according to the invention by adjusting the contents of the other alloying elements.
  • at least 0.2% by weight, in particular at least 0.3% by weight or at least 0.4% by weight, of Cr is provided in the steel in order to make use of the contribution to hardness that Cr can make.
  • Nickel in the contents of 0.7-2.0% by weight provided according to the invention contributes to increasing the hardenability and increasing the ductility or toughness.
  • a martensitic structure with a slight distortion of the hardening structure is sometimes achieved in the steels according to the invention.
  • the Ni contents like the Mn contents, must be within certain limits, since Ni and Mn shift the transition points to lower temperatures.
  • the martensite start temperature can be adjusted according to that of Dr. Helmut Brandis in Thyssen Brass -Technischeberichte 1, volume 1975, issue 1, page 8 -10, specified formula. In the case of steel according to the invention, it is approximately 440 ° C.
  • Steel according to the invention is particularly suitable for the components which, after cooling from the heat of hardening, are not subjected to stress relief annealing.
  • the Ni content By increasing the Ni content to at least 0.9% by weight, in particular at least 1.5% by weight, the advantageous effects of Ni can be used particularly safely.
  • Molybdenum hardly changes the transition temperatures, but increases the conversion to the bainite stage after cooling from the heat of the heat treatment carried out for surface hardening.
  • a fine-grained hardening structure made of bainite increases ductility and toughness in the
  • Molybdenum also improves the wear behavior of the hardened surface layer.
  • the positive effects of Mo on the steel according to the invention can be exploited by Mo contents of at least 0.5% by weight. In contrast, negative influences of the presence of Mo in the steel according to the invention are excluded by the fact that the Mo content is at most 1.0% by weight,
  • N Nitrogen
  • the N content of a steel according to the invention is therefore limited to at most 0.015% by weight, in particular at most 0.010% by weight.
  • the N content can be achieved by alloying
  • Micro alloy elements such as Al and Ti are bound.
  • Aluminum (“AI") is used in steel production for deoxidation.
  • Al contents of 0.010-0.060% by weight, in particular at least 0.015% by weight or at most 0.040% by weight, are required and can simultaneously be used to set excess nitrogen and to increase the fine grain size.
  • Copper is an undesirable accompanying element that occurs in the
  • the Cu content is limited to a maximum of 0.20% by weight.
  • the boron (“B”) content optionally provided according to the invention also serves to increase the hardenability.
  • the N content must be as low as possible and the nitrogen present in the steel must be bound by aluminum or other elements, such as, for example, the optionally added titanium, niobium or vanadium.
  • the positive influences of B can be used particularly safely if the B content is at least 0.001% by weight, in particular at least 0.002% by weight.
  • the B content is limited to a maximum of 0.005% by weight in order to prevent the formation of boron-containing precipitates
  • Toughness of a component formed from a steel according to the invention is of great importance, elements such as niobium (“Nb”), tantalum (“Ta”), vanadium (“V”), titanium (“Ti”) or tungsten (“W. ”) - alone or in combination. If a particularly fine-grained structure is to be secured, at least one of the elements W, Ti, Nb, Ta or V is accordingly present in the steel according to the invention in accordance with the invention, a combination of those in Elements W, Nb and V added according to the invention have proven to be particularly practical.
  • the optionally added Nb contents are 0.015-0.05% by weight, in particular 0.015-0.03% by weight.
  • the optionally added Ti contents are 0.01-0.04% by weight, in particular 0.015-0.035% by weight.
  • V contents are 0.04-0.12% by weight, in particular 0.05-0.12% by weight or 0.08-0.12% by weight.
  • Nb and V are added at the same time, their contents are optimally 0.015-0.03% by weight of Nb and 0.08-0.12% by weight of V in order to use the combined effect of their presence particularly effectively.
  • the optionally added contents of Ta are 0.01-0.04 weight percent.
  • the optionally added W contents can be 0.15-0.65% by weight, in particular 0.15-0.35% by weight.
  • the addition of W not only has a refining effect, but also a higher wear resistance and a greater hardening depth after carburizing.
  • Carburizing processes such as those mentioned above are particularly suitable for the surface hardening of a steel according to the invention
  • Leaflet 452 are explained.
  • the steel according to the invention can be used in particular for the production of case-hardened gear parts and other case-hardened parts
  • Components e.g. of high-strength, weldable round steel chains. No subsequent stress relief annealing is required to ensure the required ductility of the material in the respective component.
  • Steel according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of case-hardened components which require a high surface hardness and high ductility in the core area of the components. Examples of this are the already mentioned round steel chains and their individual parts, if these are particularly suitable for use as conveyor chains in cement production, in mining or in the processing of coal, especially in the case of
  • Nitrocarburizing can be produced from the steel according to the invention, with no relaxation annealing after the
  • the invention is particularly suitable for the production of heavy
  • Highly wear-resistant and resilient drive chains for vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, for motorcycles and bicycles can also be produced from steel according to the invention.
  • the surface hardness of the steel can be brought to values of more than 820 HV1 by cooling the component formed from the steel according to the invention and hardened by case hardening in oil or helium after hardening.
  • the core structure consisting of bainite and martensite such a surface layer hardened from existing steel sample rod with a
  • Diameters of up to 45 mm typically have a hardness of 200-350 HV in this case.
  • the hardening depth for bars up to 45 mm in diameter is 0.30 - 0.45 mm.
  • a steel according to the invention has a hardness of over 820 HV1, for example, in the carburized surface layer without subsequent relaxation. With a hardening depth of 0.12% of the diameter of the particular rod-shaped component, there is still a hardness of at least 550 HV.
  • chain links formed from steel according to the invention which are surface hardened by case hardening and have been cooled in oil or helium after surface hardening in a vacuum, a breaking stress of at least 440 MPa can be achieved in a chain test carried out in accordance with DIN 22252.
  • a steel according to the invention after blind hardening, i.e. case hardening, in which the steel is heated to the hardening temperature without carburizing, one determined according to the standard DIN EN ISO 148-1
  • the rod After direct case hardening at 950 ° C followed by cooling in oil, the rod has a fine-grained structure of at least ASTM 6 in the case-hardened surface layer with a surface hardness of 840 HV1.
  • a hardness of 30HRc is achieved in the core of the sample, whereas a hardness of 560 HV is present at a hardening depth of 0.38 mm.
  • composition of the steel examined here ensures such high ductility of the material that it is not necessary to subsequently relax it to adjust the mechanical properties. This results in impact energy values with an ISO-V notch of 110 to 130 joules for the steel bars examined.
  • the steel according to the invention achieves a tensile strength of 985 MPa determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 17022-3 in the “blind-hardened state” (ie hardening of 950 ° C. with subsequent cooling in oil, no carburization). These determined properties make the steel according to the invention particularly suitable for the production of round steel chains, the one

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a steel, which during surface hardening without subsequent expansion annealing not only has the potential to develop a hardened surface layer having a high surface, in particular amounting to more than 820 HV1, but also has a viscous, fine-grained core structure and simultaneously has good weldability. For this purpose, a steel according to the invention consists of (in % by weight) C: 0.10 - 0.19%, Si: ≤ 0.15%, Mn: ≤ 1.0%, P: ≤ 0.015%, S: ≤ 0.015%, Cr: 0.2 - 1.0%, Ni: 0.7 - 2.0%, Mo: 0.5 - 1.0%, N: ≤ 0.015%, AI: 0.010 - 0.060%, Cu: ≤ 0.20%, B: ≤ 0.005%, and also in each case optionally one or more elements from the group "W, Ti, Nb, V, Ta" in contents according to the following proportions W: 0.15 - 0.65 %, Ti: 0.01 - 0.04 %, Nb: 0.015 - 0.05 %, Ta: 0.01 - 0.04 %, V: 0.04 - 0.12 %, and the remainder consists of iron and unavoidable contaminants.

Description

Stahl zum Oberflächenhärten mit hoher Randhärte und mit einem  Steel for surface hardening with high surface hardness and with one
feinen duktilen Kerngefüge  fine ductile core structure
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Stahl, der für eine Randschichthärtung geeignet ist und dabei eine hohe Härte an der Oberfläche und eine hohe The invention relates to a steel which is suitable for surface hardening and has a high hardness on the surface and a high
Einhärtetiefe ermöglicht. Depth of hardening enables.
Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung einen Stahl, der das Potenzial zur In particular, the invention relates to a steel that has the potential to
Entwicklung einer gehärteten Randschicht mit einer gemäß DIN EN ISO 2639 Oberflächenhärte von mehr als 820 HV1 hat und gleichzeitig ein die gehärtete Randschicht tragendes feines Kerngefüge aufweist, das durch eine hohe Zähigkeit gekennzeichnet ist und den Stahl somit in die Lage versetzt, hohen schlagartigen Spannungen standzuhalten. Development of a hardened surface layer with a surface hardness of more than 820 HV1 in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2639 and at the same time has a fine core structure bearing the hardened surface layer, which is characterized by high toughness and thus enables the steel to withstand high sudden stresses.
Verfahren zum Einsatzhärten sind im vom Stahl-Informations-Zentrum herausgegebenen Merkblatt 452,„Einsatzhärten“, Ausgabe 2008, ISSN 0175- 2006, erläutert. Beim so genannten„Direkthärten“ wird der Stahl auf eine Aufkohlungstemperatur, die in der Regel zwischen 900 und 1050 °C liegt, erwärmt und dann direkt schnell abgekühlt. Bei einem Gasaufkohlen unter Vakuum wird der Werkstoff durch das Einblasen von Helium mit hohem Druck abgekühlt. Oft schließt sich ein Entspannungsglühen an, das der Verringerung von Eigenspannungen und der Erhöhung der Duktilität dient. Procedures for case hardening are explained in leaflet 452, "Case hardening", edition 2008, ISSN 0175-2006, published by the Steel Information Center. In so-called "direct hardening", the steel is heated to a carburizing temperature, which is usually between 900 and 1050 ° C, and then cooled down quickly. In the case of gas carburizing under vacuum, the material is cooled down by blowing in helium at high pressure. Relaxation annealing often follows, which serves to reduce internal stresses and increase ductility.
Ein anderes Verfahren zum Randschichthärten, bei dem die Härte der Randschicht ebenfalls durch Aufkohlung erhöht wird, ist das so genannte „Einfachhärten“. Bei diesem Verfahren wird der Werkstoff nach dem Abkühlen aus der Einsatzhitze erneut auf eine Temperatur erwärmt, die auf den Randkohlenstoffgehalt abgestimmt ist, um anschließend schnell abgekühlt zu werden. Another process for hardening the surface layer, in which the hardness of the surface layer is also increased by carburizing, is the so-called "single hardening". In this process, the material is heated again to a temperature after cooling from the operating heat Edge carbon content is adjusted to be quickly cooled afterwards.
In der Praxis wird das„Direkthärten“ zunehmend eingesetzt, da es das wirtschaftlichere Verfahren ist. Dabei wird angestrebt, das im Anschluss an das Härten üblicherweise absolvierte Entspannungsglühen einzusparen. In practice, "direct hardening" is increasingly used because it is the more economical process. The aim is to save on the relaxation annealing that is usually done after hardening.
Ein Direkthärten ohne nachträgliches Entspannungsglühen stellt jedoch höhere Anforderungen an den Werkstoff als das Einfachhärten. Um eine möglichst hohe Härte zu erhalten, muss die chemische Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffes für das ohne anschließendes Entspannungsglühen durchgeführte Direkthärten so abgestimmt sein, dass der in der gehärteten Zone verbleibende Restaustenitgehalt möglichst gering ist. Gleichzeitig muss das Kerngefüge des Stahles sehr duktil bzw. zäh bleiben, um schlagartigen Beanspruchungen standzuhalten. Ferner muss die chemische However, direct hardening without subsequent stress relief annealing places higher demands on the material than single hardening. In order to obtain the highest possible hardness, the chemical composition of the material for the direct hardening carried out without subsequent stress relief annealing must be coordinated so that the residual austenite content remaining in the hardened zone is as low as possible. At the same time, the core structure of the steel must remain very ductile or tough to withstand sudden stresses. Furthermore, the chemical
Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffes auch eine ausreichende Härtbarkeit aufweisen. Composition of the material also have sufficient hardenability.
In der heutigen Praxis werden einsatzgehärtete Bauteile beispielsweise aus dem unter der Bezeichnung "14CrNiMo5" bekannten Stahl hergestellt, der gemäß Richtanalyse aus (in Gew.-%) 0,12 % C, 1 ,40 % Cr, 0,30 % Mo und 1 ,6 % Ni, Rest Eisen und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen besteht. Allerdings werden bei diesem Stahl nach dem Direkthärten die geforderten hohen Oberflächenhärten nicht mit der notwendigen Sicherheit erreicht. In today's practice, case-hardened components are manufactured, for example, from the steel known under the name "14CrNiMo5", which according to the directional analysis consists of (in% by weight) 0.12% C, 1.40% Cr, 0.30% Mo and 1 , 6% Ni, balance iron and unavoidable impurities. However, this steel does not achieve the required high surface hardness with the necessary certainty after direct hardening.
Die deutsche Norm DIN 17115 (aktuelle Ausgabe 2012 - 07) befasst sich mit den technischen Lieferbedingungen für Stähle für geschweißte The German standard DIN 17115 (current edition 2012 - 07) deals with the technical delivery conditions for steels for welded
Rundstahlketten und Ketten-Einzelteile. In dieser Norm sind unter anderem auch Edelstähle für eine Vergütungsbehandlung aufgeführt. Der Stahl 15CrNi6 (Werkstoff-Nr. 1.5919: (Gehaltsangaben in Gew.-%) C: 0,12 - 0,18, Si: < 0,25, Mn: 0,40 - 0,70, P: < 0,020, S: < 0,015, Cr: 1 ,35 - 1 ,65,Round steel chains and individual chain parts. Among other things, this standard also lists stainless steels for tempering treatment. The steel 15CrNi6 (material no.1.5919: (content in% by weight) C: 0.12 - 0.18, Si: <0.25, Mn: 0.40 - 0.70, P: <0.020, S: <0.015, Cr: 1.35-1.65,
Ni: 1 ,35 - 1 ,65, N: < 0,012, Cu: < 0,020; Rest Fe) ist ein Werkstoff, der für die Herstellung von einsatzgehärteten Rundstahlketten verwendet werden kann. Doch auch dieser Stahl erreicht nach einem Direkthärten nicht die mindestens geforderte Oberflächenhärte von > 820 HV1. Die in den Lieferbedingungen aufgeführten Werkstoffe, wie z.B. 20MnCrMo3-2 (1.6522: (Gehaltsangaben in Gew.-%) C: 0,17 - 0,23, Si: < 0,40, Mn: 0,60 - 0,95, P < 0,025, S: < 0,015, Cr: 0,35 - 0,65, Mo: 0,15 - 0,25, No: 0,40 - 0,70, AI: < 0,050, Cu: < 0,30, Rest Fe), 23MnNiCrMo5-3 (1.6540: Ni: 1.35-1.65, N: <0.012, Cu: <0.020; Rest Fe) is a material that is used for the production of case-hardened round steel chains can be used. But even this steel does not achieve the minimum surface hardness of> 820 HV1 after direct hardening. The materials listed in the delivery conditions, such as 20MnCrMo3-2 (1.6522: (content in% by weight) C: 0.17 - 0.23, Si: <0.40, Mn: 0.60 - 0.95, P <0.025, S: <0.015, Cr: 0.35-0.65, Mo: 0.15-0.25, No: 0.40-0.70, AI: <0.050, Cu: <0.30 , Rest Fe), 23MnNiCrMo5-3 (1.6540:
(Gehaltsangaben in Gew.-%) C: 0,20 - 0,26, Si: < 0,25, Mn: 1 ,1 - 1 ,40, P: < 0,020, S: < 0,015, Cr: 0,4 - 0,6, Mo: 0,20 - 0,30, Ni: 0,70 - 0,90, N: < 0,012, AI: 0,025 - 0,50, Cu: < 0,20, Rest Fe) oder 23MnNiCrMo5-4 (Content in% by weight) C: 0.20-0.26, Si: <0.25, Mn: 1.1-1.40, P: <0.020, S: <0.015, Cr: 0.4 - 0.6, Mo: 0.20 - 0.30, Ni: 0.70 - 0.90, N: <0.012, AI: 0.025 - 0.50, Cu: <0.20, balance Fe) or 23MnNiCrMo5 -4
(1.6758: (Gehaltsangaben in Gew.-%) C: 0,20 - 0,26, Si: 0,25, Mn: 1 ,10 - 1 ,40, P: < 0,020, S: < 0,015, Cr: 0,40 - 0,60, Ni: 0,90 - 1 ,10, N: < 0,012, AI: 0,025 - 0,050, Cu: 0,20, Rest Fe) sind eher für Ketten geeignet, die im vergüteten Zustand eingesetzt werden. (1.6758: (content in% by weight) C: 0.20-0.26, Si: 0.25, Mn: 1, 10-1.40, P: <0.020, S: <0.015, Cr: 0 , 40 - 0.60, Ni: 0.90 - 1, 10, N: <0.012, AI: 0.025 - 0.050, Cu: 0.20, rest Fe) are more suitable for chains that are used in tempered condition.
Aus der EP 1 905 857 B1 ist ein weiterer hochfester Stahl mit (in Gew.-%) C: 0,15 - 0,3 %, Si: 0,1 - 0,5 %, Mn: 0,6 - 1 ,8 %, Cr: 1 ,0 - 1 ,8 %, Mo: 0,10 - 0,50 %, Ni: bis zu 0,50 %, Nb: 0,030 - 0,150 %, Ti: 0,020 - 0,060 %, AI: 0,010 - 0,060 %, N: 0,008 - 0,030 %, P: < 0,030 %, S: < 0,030 %, Rest Eisen und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen bekannt. Auch dieser Stahl erreicht beim Direkthärten aus der Einsatzhitze nicht die geforderte hohe Oberflächenhärte von mehr als 820 HV1. Darüber hinaus zeigen die Versuche, dass die Härte des Kerngefüges mit 425 HV zu hoch und damit einhergehend die Zähigkeit des Kerngefüges zu niedrig ist, um hohen schlagartigen Bruchspannungen standzuhalten. EP 1 905 857 B1 is another high-strength steel with (in% by weight) C: 0.15 - 0.3%, Si: 0.1 - 0.5%, Mn: 0.6 - 1, 8%, Cr: 1, 0 - 1, 8%, Mo: 0.10 - 0.50%, Ni: up to 0.50%, Nb: 0.030 - 0.150%, Ti: 0.020 - 0.060%, AI: 0.010 - 0.060%, N: 0.008 - 0.030%, P: <0.030%, S: <0.030%, balance iron and unavoidable impurities known. This steel also does not achieve the required high surface hardness of more than 820 HV1 during direct hardening from the case heat. In addition, the tests show that the hardness of the core structure at 425 HV is too high and, as a result, the toughness of the core structure is too low to withstand high sudden break stresses.
Vor diesem Hintergrund hat sich die Aufgabe ergeben, einen Stahl zu entwickeln, der beim Randschichthärten ohne ein nachfolgendes Against this background, the task arose to develop a steel that can be used for surface hardening without a subsequent one
Entspannungsglühen nicht nur das Potenzial zur Entwicklung einer gehärteten Randschicht mit einer hohen, insbesondere mehr als 820 HV1 betragenden Oberflächenhärte hat, sondern der auch ein zähes, feinkörniges Kerngefüge besitzt und gleichzeitig gut schweißbar ist. Seine Eigenschaften sollen einen erfindungsgemäßen Stahl insbesondere zur Herstellung von Ketten und Ketten-Einzelteilen für Einsatzgebiete der in der DIN 17115 beschriebenen Art geeignet machen. Relaxation annealing not only has the potential to develop a hardened surface layer with a high surface hardness, in particular more than 820 HV1, but also has a tough, fine-grained core structure and at the same time is easy to weld. Its properties are intended to make a steel according to the invention particularly suitable for the production of chains and individual chain parts for areas of application of the type described in DIN 17115.
Die Erfindung hat diese Aufgabe durch einen Stahl mit der in Anspruch 1 angegebenen Zusammensetzung gelöst. The invention has achieved this object by means of a steel having the composition specified in claim 1.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer, die voranstehend genannten Anforderungen erfüllender Stahl besteht demnach aus (in Gewichts-%) A steel according to the invention which meets the above-mentioned requirements accordingly consists of (in% by weight)
C: 0,10 - 0,19 %  C: 0.10 - 0.19%
Si: < 0,15 %  Si: <0.15%
Mn: < 1 ,0 %  Mn: <1.0%
P: < 0,015 %  P: <0.015%
S: < 0,015 %  S: <0.015%
Cr: 0,2 - 1 ,0 %  Cr: 0.2-1.0%
Ni: 0,7 - 2,0 %  Ni: 0.7 - 2.0%
Mo: 0,5 - 1 ,0 %  Mo: 0.5-1.0%
N: < 0,015 %  N: <0.015%
AI: 0,010 - 0,060 %  AI: 0.010 - 0.060%
Cu: < 0,20 %  Cu: <0.20%
B: < 0,005 %  B: <0.005%
sowie jeweils optional eines oder mehrere Elemente aus der Gruppe "W, Ti, Nb, V, Ta" in Gehalten gemäß den folgenden Maßgaben  as well as optionally one or more elements from the group "W, Ti, Nb, V, Ta" in contents in accordance with the following stipulations
W: 0,15 - 0,65 %  W: 0.15 - 0.65%
Ti: 0,01 - 0,04 %  Ti: 0.01 - 0.04%
Nb: 0,015 - 0,05 %  Nb: 0.015 - 0.05%
Ta: 0,01 - 0,04 %  Ta: 0.01 - 0.04%
V: 0,04 - 0,12 %  V: 0.04 - 0.12%
Rest Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen.  Rest of iron and unavoidable impurities.
Der erfindungsgemäße Stahl ist derart zusammengesetzt, dass er die The steel according to the invention is composed such that it
geforderte hohe Härte von mehr als 820 HV1 an der Oberfläche durch ein Randschichthärten, das beispielsweise als Einsatzhärten, Nitrieren oder Nitrocarburieren durchgeführt wird, erreicht. required high hardness of more than 820 HV1 on the surface by a Surface hardening, which is carried out, for example, as case hardening, nitriding or nitrocarburizing, is achieved.
Gleichzeitig liegt auch in einer großen Einhärttiefe noch eine hohe Härte vor, wie sie bei der Verarbeitung des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls zu schweren Ketten und Einzelteilen von Ketten regelmäßig gefordert wird, die At the same time, even in a large hardening depth, there is still a high hardness, as is regularly required when processing the steel according to the invention into heavy chains and individual parts of chains
beispielsweise als Förder- oder T ransportketten im Bergbau, im for example as conveyor or transport chains in mining, in
Maschinenbau oder desgleichen eingesetzt werden sollen. Mechanical engineering or the like should be used.
So wird beim Randschichthärten eines aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl geformten Probenstabs eine Einhärttiefe von 0,30 - 0,45 mm bei Thus, when hardening the surface layer of a sample rod formed from a steel according to the invention, a hardening depth of 0.30-0.45 mm is achieved
Stababmessungen bis zu 45 mm Durchmesser bei einer Härte von 550 HV erreicht. Rod dimensions up to 45 mm in diameter achieved with a hardness of 550 HV.
Dabei weist erfindungsgemäßer Stahl nach dem Randschichthärten typsicherweise im Kern ein Gefüge auf, das im Wesentlichen aus After the surface layer hardening, the steel according to the invention typically has a structure in the core that essentially consists of
feinkörnigem, duktilem Martensit und Bainit besteht und durch eine gemäß der Norm ASTM E112 bestimmte Korngröße von typischer Weise 6 und feiner gekennzeichnet ist. fine-grained, ductile martensite and bainite and is characterized by a grain size of 6 and finer, determined according to the ASTM E112 standard.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Stahl weist eine gute Schweißeignung auf. So lässt er sich beispielsweise bei der Herstellung von Kettengliedern gut durch A steel according to the invention has good weldability. For example, it can be used for the manufacture of chain links
Abbrennstumpfschweißen oder Preßstumpfschweißen verschweißen. Flash butt welding or butt welding.
Um die geforderte Härte an der Oberfläche der gehärteten Randschicht zu entwickeln, sind mindestens 0,10 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff ("C") erforderlich. Hier hat es sich bei Versuchen ergeben, dass niedrige C-Gehalte von bis zu 0,13 Gew.-% für viele Verwendungen des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls günstig sind. Bei anderen Anwendungen ergeben sich optimale Wirkungen der To develop the required hardness on the surface of the hardened surface layer, at least 0.10% by weight of carbon ("C") is required. Tests have shown that low C contents of up to 0.13% by weight are favorable for many uses of the steel according to the invention. In other applications, the results are optimal
Anwesenheit von C im erfindungsgemäßen Stahl, wenn der C-Gehalt mindestens 0,12 Gew.-% beträgt. Bei oberhalb von 0,19 Gew.-% liegenden C- Gehalten besteht die Gefahr, dass die Kernhärte des Stahles zu stark ansteigt und die Duktilität bzw. Zähigkeit des Kerngefüges beeinträchtigt wird. Darüber hinaus trägt die Beschränkung auf höchstens 0,19 Gew.-% C, insbesondere weniger als 0,19 Gew.-% C, zur guten Schweißbarkeit des Stahls bei. Eine optimierte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der C-Gehalt auf höchstens 0,16 Gew.-%, insbesondere höchstens 0,13 Gew.-%, beschränkt ist, um jeden negativen Einfluss von C auf die Eigenschaften des Stahls zu minimieren. Presence of C in the steel according to the invention if the C content is at least 0.12% by weight. If the C content is above 0.19% by weight, there is a risk that the core hardness of the steel will increase too much and the ductility or toughness of the core structure is impaired. Furthermore, the limitation to at most 0.19% by weight of C, in particular less than 0.19% by weight of C, contributes to the good weldability of the steel. An optimized embodiment of the invention provides that the C content is limited to at most 0.16% by weight, in particular at most 0.13% by weight, in order to minimize any negative influence of C on the properties of the steel.
Der Gehalt an Silizium ("Si") eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahls sollte so niedrig wie möglich sein, da Silizium zu einer Verfestigung des Gefüges führt. Eine solche Verfestigungserhöhung erweist sich insbesondere dann als schädlich, wenn nach dem Randschichthärten kein Entspannungsglühen vorgenommen wird. The silicon ("Si") content of a steel according to the invention should be as low as possible, since silicon leads to a solidification of the structure. Such an increase in hardening proves to be particularly harmful if no stress relief annealing is carried out after the surface hardening.
Mangan ("Mn") kann dem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl zur Erhöhung seiner Härtbarkeit zugegeben werden. Da Mn die Umwandlungstemperaturen in die Ferrit/ Perlit- und Martensitstufe herabsetzt, ist der Mn-Gehalt Manganese ("Mn") can be added to the steel according to the invention to increase its hardenability. Since Mn lowers the transition temperatures into the ferrite / pearlite and martensite stage, the Mn content is
erfindungsgemäß auf höchstens 1 ,0 Gew.-% beschränkt. Um die vorteilhaften Wirkungen von Mn bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl sicher zu nutzen, kann sein Mn-Gehalt auf mindestens 0,7 Gew.-% Mn angehoben werden. according to the invention limited to a maximum of 1.0% by weight. In order to safely use the advantageous effects of Mn in a steel according to the invention, its Mn content can be increased to at least 0.7% by weight of Mn.
Der Gehalt an Phosphor ("P") ist bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl möglichst niedrig gehalten, da P bei der Randschichthärtung eine starke Verfestigung des Gefüges nach dem Abkühlen aus der Einsatzhärtehitze bewirkt. Um dies zu verhindern, ist der P-Gehalt des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls auf höchstens 0,015 Gew.-%, insbesondere weniger als 0,015 Gew.-%, beschränkt. The content of phosphorus ("P") is kept as low as possible in a steel according to the invention, since P causes a strong hardening of the structure after cooling from the case hardening heat in the case of the surface layer hardening. To prevent this, the P content of the steel according to the invention is limited to at most 0.015% by weight, in particular less than 0.015% by weight.
Der Gehalt an Schwefel ("S") ist bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl ebenfalls so niedrig wie möglich einzustellen, da S die Duktilität bzw. Zähigkeit des Gefüges herabsetzt. Um dies zu verhindern, ist auch der S-Gehalt des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls auf höchstens 0,015 Gew.-%, insbesondere weniger als 0,015 Gew.-%, beschränkt. The sulfur (“S”) content of a steel according to the invention should also be set as low as possible, since S reduces the ductility or toughness of the structure. To prevent this, the S content of the Steel according to the invention is limited to at most 0.015% by weight, in particular less than 0.015% by weight.
Der Gehalt an Chrom ("Cr") ist beim erfindungsgemäßen Stahl auf höchstens 1 ,0 Gew.-% begrenzt, um nach dem Randschichthärten einen niedrigen Restaustenitgehalt in der gehärteten Randschicht zu gewährleisten. Dieser Effekt kann besonders sicher dann erreicht werden, wenn der Cr-Gehalt des Stahls auf höchstens 0,6 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,5 Gew.-%, begrenzt wird. Der in Folge des niedrigen Cr-Gehalts zu erwartende Verlust an Härtbarkeit des Stahles wird beim erfindungsgemäßen Stahl durch die Einstellung der Gehalte an den anderen Legierungselementen ausgeglichen. Gleichzeitig sind mindestens 0,2 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 0,3 Gew.-% oder mindestens 0,4 Gew.-%, Cr im Stahl vorgesehen, um den Beitrag zur Härte, den Cr leisten kann, zu nutzen. The chromium ("Cr") content in the steel according to the invention is limited to a maximum of 1.0% by weight in order to ensure a low residual austenite content in the hardened outer layer after hardening the outer layer. This effect can be achieved particularly reliably if the Cr content of the steel is limited to at most 0.6% by weight, in particular 0.5% by weight. The loss of hardenability of the steel to be expected as a result of the low Cr content is compensated for in the steel according to the invention by adjusting the contents of the other alloying elements. At the same time, at least 0.2% by weight, in particular at least 0.3% by weight or at least 0.4% by weight, of Cr is provided in the steel in order to make use of the contribution to hardness that Cr can make.
Nickel ("Ni") in den erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Gehalten von 0,7 - 2,0 Gew.-% trägt zur Steigerung der Härtbarkeit und zur Erhöhung der Duktilität bzw. Zähigkeit bei. In Verbindung mit ihren geringeren Kohlenstoffgehalten wird bei erfindungsgemäßen Stählen teilweise ein martensitisches Gefüge mit einer geringen Verzerrung des Härtungsgefüges erreicht. Die Ni-Gehalte müssen dabei allerdings, wie auch die Mn-Gehalte, innerhalb bestimmter Grenzen liegen, da Ni und Mn die Umwandlungspunkte zu niedrigeren Temperaturen verschieben. Die Martensit-Start-Temperatur (Ms-Temperatur) kann nach der von Dr. Helmut Brandis in Thyssen Edelstahl -Technische Berichte 1 , Band 1975 Heft 1 , Seite 8 -10, angegebenen Formel bestimmt werden. Sie liegt bei erfindungsgemäßem Stahl bei etwa 440 °C und ist damit noch so hoch, dass ein Selbstanlassen des umgewandelten Martensits / Bainits bei der Abkühlung aus der Aufkohlungshitze erfolgen kann. Dieser Effekt erhöht die Duktilität oder Zähigkeit sowie auch die Dauerfestigkeit des umgewandelten Härtungsgefüges und verringert die Verzüge am Bauteil. Gleichzeitig ist bei den erfindungsgemäß vorgegebenen Gehalten an Ni sichergestellt, dass die Härte des Kerngefüges niedrig bleibt, so dass der Stahl auch im randschichtgehärteten Zustand hohe schlagartige Nickel ("Ni") in the contents of 0.7-2.0% by weight provided according to the invention contributes to increasing the hardenability and increasing the ductility or toughness. In connection with their lower carbon contents, a martensitic structure with a slight distortion of the hardening structure is sometimes achieved in the steels according to the invention. However, the Ni contents, like the Mn contents, must be within certain limits, since Ni and Mn shift the transition points to lower temperatures. The martensite start temperature (Ms temperature) can be adjusted according to that of Dr. Helmut Brandis in Thyssen Edelstahl -Technischeberichte 1, volume 1975, issue 1, page 8 -10, specified formula. In the case of steel according to the invention, it is approximately 440 ° C. and is therefore still so high that the converted martensite / bainite can self-start during cooling from the carburizing heat. This effect increases ductility or toughness as well as the fatigue strength of the converted hardening structure and reduces warpage on the component. At the same time, it is ensured with the Ni contents according to the invention that the hardness of the core structure remains low, so that the Steel, even in the surface hardened state, high abrupt
Beanspruchungen aushalten kann. Diese Eigenschaft macht den Can withstand stress. This property makes the
erfindungsgemäßen Stahl besonders geeignet für die Bauteile, die nach dem Abkühlen aus der Härtehitze keiner Entspannungsglühung unterzogen werden. Indem der Ni-Gehalt auf mindestens 0,9 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 1 ,5 Gew.-%, angehoben wird, können die vorteilhaften Wirkungen von Ni besonders sicher genutzt werden. Eine Beschränkung des Ni-Gehalts auf höchstens 1 ,8 Gew.-% verhindert dagegen besonders sicher negative Einflüsse der Anwesenheit von Ni. Steel according to the invention is particularly suitable for the components which, after cooling from the heat of hardening, are not subjected to stress relief annealing. By increasing the Ni content to at least 0.9% by weight, in particular at least 1.5% by weight, the advantageous effects of Ni can be used particularly safely. Limiting the Ni content to at most 1.8% by weight, on the other hand, particularly reliably prevents negative influences of the presence of Ni.
Molybdän ("Mo") verändert die Umwandlungstemperaturen kaum, verstärkt aber die Umwandlung in die Bainitstufe nach dem Abkühlen aus der Hitze der zur Randschichthärtung durchgeführten Wärmebehandlung. Ein feinkörniges Härtungsgefüges aus Bainit erhöht die Duktilität bzw. Zähigkeit im Molybdenum ("Mo") hardly changes the transition temperatures, but increases the conversion to the bainite stage after cooling from the heat of the heat treatment carried out for surface hardening. A fine-grained hardening structure made of bainite increases ductility and toughness in the
Kernbereich des aus erfindungsgemäßem Stahl geformten Bauteils infolge der geringeren Verzerrung des Gefüges. Zudem wird durch Molybdän das Verschleißverhalten der gehärteten Randschicht verbessert. Die positiven Wirkungen von Mo auf den erfindungsgemäßen Stahl können durch Mo- Gehalte von mindestens 0,5 Gew genutzt werden. Negative Einflüsse der Anwesenheit von Mo im erfindungsgemäßen Stahl werden dagegen dadurch ausgeschlossen, dass der Mo-Gehalt auf höchstens 1 ,0 Gew.-%, Core area of the component formed from steel according to the invention due to the lower distortion of the structure. Molybdenum also improves the wear behavior of the hardened surface layer. The positive effects of Mo on the steel according to the invention can be exploited by Mo contents of at least 0.5% by weight. In contrast, negative influences of the presence of Mo in the steel according to the invention are excluded by the fact that the Mo content is at most 1.0% by weight,
insbesondere höchstens 0,9 Gew.-% oder höchstens 0,65 Gew.-%, beschränkt ist. in particular at most 0.9% by weight or at most 0.65% by weight.
Stickstoff ("N") sollte im erfindungsgemäßen Stahl so gering wie möglich sein, um die härtesteigernde Wirkung des erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Bor- Gehalts im erfind ungsgemäßen Stahl optimal nutzen zu können. Deshalb ist der N-Gehalt eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahls auf höchstens 0,015 Gew.-%, insbesondere höchstens 0,010 Gew.-% begrenzt. Um im Fall seiner Nitrogen ("N") should be as low as possible in the steel according to the invention in order to be able to optimally use the hardness-increasing effect of the boron content provided according to the invention in the steel according to the invention. The N content of a steel according to the invention is therefore limited to at most 0.015% by weight, in particular at most 0.010% by weight. To in the case of his
Anwesenheit im erfindungsgemäßen Stahl die volle härtbarkeitssteigernde Wirkung von Bor zu sichern, kann der N-Gehalt durch Zulegieren von Presence in the steel according to the invention to ensure the full hardenability-increasing effect of boron, the N content can be achieved by alloying
Mikrolegierungselementen wie z.B. AI und Ti abgebunden werden. Aluminium ("AI") wird bei der Stahlerzeugung zur Desoxidation eingesetzt. Hierzu werden Al-Gehalte von 0,010 - 0,060 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 0,015 Gew.-% oder höchstens 0,040 Gew.-%, benötigt und können gleichzeitig zum Abbinden von überschüssigem Stickstoff und zur Erhöhung der Feinkörnigkeit genutzt werden. Micro alloy elements such as Al and Ti are bound. Aluminum ("AI") is used in steel production for deoxidation. For this purpose, Al contents of 0.010-0.060% by weight, in particular at least 0.015% by weight or at most 0.040% by weight, are required and can simultaneously be used to set excess nitrogen and to increase the fine grain size.
Kupfer ("Cu") ist ein unerwünschtes Begleitelement, das bei der Copper ("Cu") is an undesirable accompanying element that occurs in the
Erschmelzung des Stahls über den dabei eingesetzten Schrott in die Melting of the steel via the scrap used in the process
Schmelze gelangt. Um negative Einflüsse von Cu auf die Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls zu vermeiden, ist der Cu-Gehalt auf höchstens 0,20 Gew.-% begrenzt. Melt arrives. In order to avoid negative influences of Cu on the properties of the steel according to the invention, the Cu content is limited to a maximum of 0.20% by weight.
Auch der erfindungsgemäß optional vorgesehene Gehalt an Bor ("B") dient der Erhöhung der Härtbarkeit. Damit der B-Gehalt wirksam sein kann, muss der Gehalt an N möglichst gering und der im Stahl vorhandene Stickstoff durch Aluminium oder andere Elemente, wie beispielsweise das jeweils optional zugegebene Titan, Niob oder Vanadium, abgebunden sein. Die positiven Einflüsse von B können dann besonders sicher genutzt werden, wenn der B-Gehalt mindestens 0,001 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 0,002 Gew -%, beträgt. Dabei ist der B-Gehalt auf höchstens 0,005 Gew.-% beschränkt, um die Bildung von borhaltigen Ausscheidungen an den The boron (“B”) content optionally provided according to the invention also serves to increase the hardenability. In order for the B content to be effective, the N content must be as low as possible and the nitrogen present in the steel must be bound by aluminum or other elements, such as, for example, the optionally added titanium, niobium or vanadium. The positive influences of B can be used particularly safely if the B content is at least 0.001% by weight, in particular at least 0.002% by weight. The B content is limited to a maximum of 0.005% by weight in order to prevent the formation of boron-containing precipitates
Korngrenzen zu vermeiden. Avoid grain boundaries.
Zur Erhöhung der Feinkörnigkeit des Gefüges, die für die Duktilität bzw. To increase the fine grain of the structure, which is essential for ductility or
Zähigkeit eines aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl geformten Bauteiles von großer Bedeutung ist, können wahlweise Elemente wie Niob ("Nb"), Tantal ("Ta"), Vanadium ("V"), Titan ("Ti") oder auch Wolfram ("W") - alleine oder in Kombination - zugesetzt werden. Soll ein besonders feinkörniges Gefüge gesichert werden, ist dementsprechend vorzugsweise mindestens eines der Elemente W, Ti, Nb, Ta oder V im erfindungsgemäßen Stahl nach Maßgabe der Erfindung vorhanden, wobei sich eine Kombination aus den in erfindungsgemäßer Weise zugegebenen Elementen W, Nb und V als besonders praxisgerecht erwiesen hat. Toughness of a component formed from a steel according to the invention is of great importance, elements such as niobium ("Nb"), tantalum ("Ta"), vanadium ("V"), titanium ("Ti") or tungsten ("W. ") - alone or in combination. If a particularly fine-grained structure is to be secured, at least one of the elements W, Ti, Nb, Ta or V is accordingly present in the steel according to the invention in accordance with the invention, a combination of those in Elements W, Nb and V added according to the invention have proven to be particularly practical.
Die optional zugegebenen Gehalte an Nb liegen dabei bei 0,015 - 0,05 Gew.- %, insbesondere 0,015 - 0,03 Gew.-%. The optionally added Nb contents are 0.015-0.05% by weight, in particular 0.015-0.03% by weight.
Die optional zugegebenen Gehalte an Ti betragen 0,01 - 0,04 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,015 - 0,035 Gew.-%. The optionally added Ti contents are 0.01-0.04% by weight, in particular 0.015-0.035% by weight.
Die optional zugegebenen Gehalte an V betragen 0,04 - 0,12 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,05 - 0,12 Gew.-% oder 0,08 - 0,12 Gew.-%. The optionally added V contents are 0.04-0.12% by weight, in particular 0.05-0.12% by weight or 0.08-0.12% by weight.
Sofern Nb und V gleichzeitig zugegeben werden, liegen deren Gehalte optimalerweise bei 0,015 - 0,03 Gew.-% Nb und 0,08 - 0,12 Gew.-% V, um die kombinierte Wirkung ihrer Anwesenheit besonders effektiv zu nutzen. If Nb and V are added at the same time, their contents are optimally 0.015-0.03% by weight of Nb and 0.08-0.12% by weight of V in order to use the combined effect of their presence particularly effectively.
Die optional zugegebenen Gehalte an Ta betragen 0,01 - 0,04 Gew.-%. The optionally added contents of Ta are 0.01-0.04 weight percent.
Die optional zugegebenen Gehalte an W können 0,15 - 0,65 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,15 - 0,35 Gew.-% betragen. Durch die Zugabe von W wird neben einer komfeinenden Wirkung auch ein höherer Verschleißwiderstand und eine größere Einhärttiefe nach dem Aufkohlen erreicht. The optionally added W contents can be 0.15-0.65% by weight, in particular 0.15-0.35% by weight. The addition of W not only has a refining effect, but also a higher wear resistance and a greater hardening depth after carburizing.
Der Gehalt aller anderen hier nicht genannten Elemente, die in einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl auftreten können, sind den Verunreinigungen zuzurechnen und in ihrem Gehalt so begrenzt, dass sie keinen Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls haben. Typischerweise sind dazu bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl die Gehalte an den The content of all other elements not mentioned here that can occur in a steel according to the invention are to be attributed to the impurities and their content is limited so that they have no influence on the properties of the steel according to the invention. For a steel according to the invention, the contents of the
Verunreinigungen entsprechend DIN 17 115 (Ausgabe 2012 - 07) begrenzt. Contamination limited according to DIN 17 115 (edition 2012 - 07).
Besonders geeignet für die Randschichthärtung eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahls sind aufkohlende Verfahren, wie sie im oben bereits genannten Carburizing processes such as those mentioned above are particularly suitable for the surface hardening of a steel according to the invention
Merkblatt 452 erläutert sind. Der erfindungsgemäße Stahl lässt sich insbesondere für die Herstellung von einsatzgehärteten Getriebeteilen sowie sonstigen einsatzgehärteten Leaflet 452 are explained. The steel according to the invention can be used in particular for the production of case-hardened gear parts and other case-hardened parts
Bauteilen, wie z.B. von hochfesten, schweißbaren Rundstahlketten, verwenden. Dabei ist jeweils kein nachträgliches Entspannungsglühen erforderlich, um die nötige Duktilität des Werkstoffs beim jeweiligen Bauteil zu gewährleisten. So eignet sich erfindungsgemäßer Stahl insbesondere zur Herstellung von einsatzgehärteten Bauteilen, die eine hohe Randschichthärte und hohe Duktilität im Kembereich der Bauteile erfordern. Beispiele hierfür sind die schon erwähnten Rundstahlketten und deren Einzelteile, wenn diese insbesondere für den Einsatz als Förderketten bei der Zementherstellung, im Bergbau oder bei der Verarbeitung von Kohle, insbesondere bei der Components, e.g. of high-strength, weldable round steel chains. No subsequent stress relief annealing is required to ensure the required ductility of the material in the respective component. Steel according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of case-hardened components which require a high surface hardness and high ductility in the core area of the components. Examples of this are the already mentioned round steel chains and their individual parts, if these are particularly suitable for use as conveyor chains in cement production, in mining or in the processing of coal, especially in the case of
Kohlevergasung, vorgesehen sind. Coal gasification are provided.
Auch Bauteile, die anderen Oberflächenbehandlungen zur Even components that are used for other surface treatments
Randschichthärtung unterworfen werden, wie z.B. dem Nitrieren oder Surface hardening such as e.g. nitriding or
Nitrocarburieren, können aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl hergestellt werden, wobei auch hier keine Entspannungsglühung nach der Nitrocarburizing can be produced from the steel according to the invention, with no relaxation annealing after the
Randschichthärtung durchgeführt werden muss. Surface hardening must be carried out.
Besonders geeignet ist die Erfindung zur Herstellung von schweren The invention is particularly suitable for the production of heavy
einsatzgehärteten Rundstahlketten für den Einsatz im Bergbau, in der Zementindustrie oder bei der Kohlevergasung. Case-hardened round steel chains for use in mining, in the cement industry or in coal gasification.
Ebenso lassen sich aus erfindungsgemäßem Stahl hoch verschleißfeste und belastbare Antriebsketten für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeuge, für Motorräder und Fahrräder herstellen. Highly wear-resistant and resilient drive chains for vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, for motorcycles and bicycles can also be produced from steel according to the invention.
Dabei lässt sich die Oberflächenhärte des Stahls dadurch sicher auf Werte von mehr als 820 HV1 bringen, dass das jeweils aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl geformte, durch Einsatzhärten randschichtgehärtete Bauteil nach dem Randschichthärten in Öl oder Helium abgekühlt wird. Im aus Bainit und Martensit bestehenden Kerngefüge eines derart randschichtgehärteten, aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl bestehenden Probenstabs mit einem The surface hardness of the steel can be brought to values of more than 820 HV1 by cooling the component formed from the steel according to the invention and hardened by case hardening in oil or helium after hardening. In the core structure consisting of bainite and martensite, such a surface layer hardened from existing steel sample rod with a
Durchmesser von bis zu 45 mm typischerweise liegt in diesem Fall typischerweise eine Härte von 200 - 350 HV vor. Die Einhärttiefe beträgt bei Stäben bis zu 45 mm Durchmesser 0,30 - 0,45 mm. Diameters of up to 45 mm typically have a hardness of 200-350 HV in this case. The hardening depth for bars up to 45 mm in diameter is 0.30 - 0.45 mm.
Dementsprechend weist ein erfindungsgemäßer Stahl beispielsweise in der aufgekohlten Randschicht ohne eine nachträgliche Entspannung eine Härte von über 820 HV1 auf. Bei einer Einhärttiefe von 0,12 % des Durchmessers des jeweiligen insbesondere stabförmigen Bauteils liegt dabei immer noch eine Härte mindestens 550 HV vor. Accordingly, a steel according to the invention has a hardness of over 820 HV1, for example, in the carburized surface layer without subsequent relaxation. With a hardening depth of 0.12% of the diameter of the particular rod-shaped component, there is still a hardness of at least 550 HV.
Bei aus erfindungsgemäßen Stahl geformten Kettengliedern, die durch Einsatzhärten randschichtgehärtet sind und nach einem im Vakuum erfolgten Randschichthärten in Öl oder Helium abgekühlt worden sind, lässt sich eine Bruchspannung von mindestens 440 MPa bei einer nach DIN 22252 durchgeführten Kettenprüfung erreichen. With chain links formed from steel according to the invention, which are surface hardened by case hardening and have been cooled in oil or helium after surface hardening in a vacuum, a breaking stress of at least 440 MPa can be achieved in a chain test carried out in accordance with DIN 22252.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Stahl weist nach einem Blindhärten, d.h. einem Einsatzhärten, bei dem der Stahl ohne Aufkohlung auf die Härtetemperatur erwärmt wird, eine gemäß der Norm DIN EN ISO 148-1 ermittelte A steel according to the invention, after blind hardening, i.e. case hardening, in which the steel is heated to the hardening temperature without carburizing, one determined according to the standard DIN EN ISO 148-1
Kerbschlagarbeit von mindestens 50 Joule, insbesondere mindestens 90 Joule, auf, wobei Kerbschlagarbeitswerte von 110 - 130 Joule regelmäßig erreicht werden. Impact energy of at least 50 joules, in particular at least 90 joules, whereby impact energy values of 110-130 joules are regularly achieved.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment.
Zur Überprüfung der Eigenschaften eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahls ist in konventioneller Weise ein warmgewalzter Stabstahl mit einem kreisrunden Durchmesser von 30 mm, also einem Durchmesser, der repräsentativ für Kettenglieder oder desgleichen ist, erzeugt worden, der die in Tabelle 1 angegebene, den Maßgaben der Erfindung genügende Zusammensetzung aufwies (Angaben in Gewichts-%, Rest Eisen und unvermeidbare In order to check the properties of a steel according to the invention, a hot-rolled bar steel with a circular diameter of 30 mm, that is to say a diameter which is representative of chain links or the like, was produced in a conventional manner and has the composition given in Table 1 which meets the requirements of the invention had (data in% by weight, rest iron and unavoidable
Verunreinigungen): Impurities):
Tabelle 1. Table 1.
An dem Stabstahl stellen sich folgende Eigenschaften ein: The following properties arise on the steel bars:
Nach einem Direkteinsatzhärten bei 950 °C mit anschließendem Abkühlen in Öl liegt in dem Stab ein feinkörniges Gefüge von mindestens ASTM 6 in der einsatzgehärteten Randschicht vor, mit einer Oberflächenhärte 840 HV1. After direct case hardening at 950 ° C followed by cooling in oil, the rod has a fine-grained structure of at least ASTM 6 in the case-hardened surface layer with a surface hardness of 840 HV1.
Im Kern der Probe wird eine Härte von 30HRc erreicht, wogegen in einer Einhärttiefe von 0,38 mm eine Härte von 560 HV vorliegt. A hardness of 30HRc is achieved in the core of the sample, whereas a hardness of 560 HV is present at a hardening depth of 0.38 mm.
Die Zusammensetzung des hier untersuchten Stahls gewährleistet eine so hohe Duktilität des Werkstoffs, dass ein nachträgliches Entspannen zur Einstellung der mechanischen Eigenschaften nicht notwendig ist. So ergeben sich bei dem untersuchten Stabstahl Kerbschlagarbeitswerte mit einem ISO- V-Kerb von 110 bis 130 Joule. The composition of the steel examined here ensures such high ductility of the material that it is not necessary to subsequently relax it to adjust the mechanical properties. This results in impact energy values with an ISO-V notch of 110 to 130 joules for the steel bars examined.
Dabei erreicht der erfindungsgemäße Stahl bei dem untersuchten Stab im „blindgehärteten Zustand" (d.h. Härten von 950 °C mit anschließendem Abkühlen in Öl, keine Aufkohlung) eine gemäß DIN EN ISO 17022-3 bestimmte Zugfestigkeit von 985 MPa. Diese festgestellten Eigenschaften machen den erfindungsgemäßen Stahl besonders zur Herstellung von Rundstahlketten geeignet, die eine The steel according to the invention achieves a tensile strength of 985 MPa determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 17022-3 in the “blind-hardened state” (ie hardening of 950 ° C. with subsequent cooling in oil, no carburization). These determined properties make the steel according to the invention particularly suitable for the production of round steel chains, the one
Bruchspannung von mehr als 440 MPa bei der Kettenprüfung nach DIN 22252 erreichen. Reach tensile strength of more than 440 MPa in the chain test according to DIN 22252.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS
1. Stahl mit (in Gewichts-%) 1. Steel with (in% by weight)
C: 0,10 - 0,19 %,  C: 0.10 - 0.19%,
Si: < 0,15 %,  Si: <0.15%,
Mn: < 1 ,0 %,  Mn: <1.0%,
P: < 0,015%,  P: <0.015%,
S: < 0,015 %,  S: <0.015%,
Cr: 0,2 - 1,0 %,  Cr: 0.2-1.0%,
Ni: 0,7 - 2,0 %,  Ni: 0.7 - 2.0%,
Mo: 0,5 - 1,0%,  Mo: 0.5 - 1.0%,
N: < 0,015 %,  N: <0.015%,
AI: 0,010 - 0,060 %,  AI: 0.010 - 0.060%,
Cu: < 0,20 %,  Cu: <0.20%,
B: < 0,005 %  B: <0.005%
sowie jeweils optional eines oder mehrere Elemente aus der Gruppe "W, Ti, Nb, V, Ta" in Gehalten gemäß den folgenden Maßgaben W: 0,15 - 0,65 %,  as well as optionally one or more elements from the group "W, Ti, Nb, V, Ta" in contents in accordance with the following provisions W: 0.15 - 0.65%,
Ti: 0,01 - 0,04 %,  Ti: 0.01-0.04%,
Nb: 0,015 - 0,05 %,  Nb: 0.015 - 0.05%,
Ta: 0,01 - 0,04 %,  Ta: 0.01-0.04%,
V: 0,04 - 0,12%,  V: 0.04 - 0.12%,
Rest Eisen und unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen. Rest of iron and unavoidable impurities.
2. Stahl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sein C-Gehalt höchstens 0,13 Gew.-% beträgt. 2. Steel according to claim 1, characterized in that its C content is at most 0.13% by weight.
3. Stahl nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 3. Steel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass sein Cr-Gehalt mindestens 0,3 Gew.-% beträgt.  characterized in that its Cr content is at least 0.3% by weight.
4. Stahl nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 4. Steel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass sein Cr-Gehalt höchstens 0,5 Gew.-% beträgt.  characterized in that its Cr content is at most 0.5% by weight.
5. Stahl nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 5. Steel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass sein Ni-Gehalt mindenstens 1 ,5 Gew.-% beträgt.  characterized in that its Ni content is at least 1.5% by weight.
6. Stahl nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 6. Steel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass sein Mo-Gehalt höchstens 0,65 Gew.-% beträgt.  characterized in that its Mo content is at most 0.65% by weight.
7. Stahl nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 7. Steel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass sein W-Gehalt höchstens 0,35 Gew.-% beträgt.  characterized that its W content is at most 0.35 wt .-%.
8. Stahl nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 8. Steel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass sein Nb-Gehalt höchstens 0,03 Gew.-% beträgt.  characterized in that its Nb content is at most 0.03% by weight.
9. Stahl nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 9. Steel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass sein V-Gehalt mindestens 0,08 Gew.-% beträgt. characterized in that its V content is at least 0.08% by weight.
10. Stahl nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 10. Steel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass sein V-Gehalt höchstens 0,12 Gew,-% beträgt.  characterized that its V content is at most 0.12% by weight.
11. Stahl nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 11. Steel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass er im einsatzgehärteten Zustand in einer aufgekohlten Randschicht ohne eine nachträgliche Entspannung eine Oberflächenhärte von mindestens 820 HV1 und in einer Einhärttiefe, die 0,12 % des Durchmessers des jeweiligen Bauteils beträgt, eine Härte von mindestens 550 HV aufweist.  characterized in that it has a surface hardness of at least 820 HV1 in a carburized surface layer without subsequent relaxation, and a hardness depth of 0.12% of the diameter of the respective component has a hardness of at least 550 HV in the case-hardened state.
12. Stahl nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 12. Steel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass er im blindgehärteten Zustand eine Zugfestigkeit von mindestens 950 MPa aufweist.  characterized that it has a tensile strength of at least 950 MPa in the blind hardened state.
13. Stahl nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 13. Steel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass im blindgehärteten Zustand eine Kerbschlagarbeit mit einem ISO-V-Kerb von über 90 Joule erreicht.  characterized that in the blind-hardened state notched impact work with an ISO-V notch of over 90 joules is achieved.
14. Stahl nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch 14. Steel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
gekennzeichnet, dass er bei der Kettenprüfung von  characterized that he was in the chain test of
einsatzgehärteten Rundstahlketten nach DIN 22252 eine Bruchspannung von mindestens 440 MPa erreicht.  Case-hardened round steel chains according to DIN 22252 have a breaking stress of at least 440 MPa.
15. Verwendung eines gemäß einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche 15. Use of one according to one of the preceding claims
ausgebildeten Stahls für die Herstellung von einsatzgehärteten  trained steel for the manufacture of case hardened
Rundstahlketten und deren Einzelteilen.  Round steel chains and their individual parts.
EP19773026.0A 2018-09-18 2019-09-17 Steel for surface hardening with high edge hardness and with a fine ductile core structure Pending EP3853389A1 (en)

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