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EP3789516A1 - Cold gas injection system with adjustable particle beam - Google Patents

Cold gas injection system with adjustable particle beam Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3789516A1
EP3789516A1 EP19196216.6A EP19196216A EP3789516A1 EP 3789516 A1 EP3789516 A1 EP 3789516A1 EP 19196216 A EP19196216 A EP 19196216A EP 3789516 A1 EP3789516 A1 EP 3789516A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particle
cold gas
spray system
gas spray
nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19196216.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Axel Arndt
Aline Creuz
Jens Dahl Jensen
Ursus KRÜGER
Uwe Pyritz
Oliver Stier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP19196216.6A priority Critical patent/EP3789516A1/en
Priority to US17/641,623 priority patent/US20220347702A1/en
Priority to EP20764022.8A priority patent/EP3990681B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2020/072771 priority patent/WO2021047855A1/en
Priority to CN202080062693.0A priority patent/CN114375350A/en
Publication of EP3789516A1 publication Critical patent/EP3789516A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/14—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials or several in selected proportions to a spray apparatus, e.g. to a single spray outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
    • B05B7/1468—Arrangements for supplying particulate material the means for supplying particulate material comprising a recirculation loop
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1606—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air
    • B05B7/1613—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/162—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1626—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed at the moment of mixing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cold gas spray system for generating an adjustable particle jet and a method for controlling such a cold gas spray system.
  • Cold spraying is a process in which a material in powder form is applied to a carrier material (substrate) at very high speed.
  • a process gas e.g. nitrogen
  • a Laval nozzle e.g. a very high speed
  • i. H. Supersonic speed e.g. a very high speed
  • the injected powder particles are accelerated to such a high speed that, in contrast to other thermal spraying processes, they form a dense and firmly adhering layer when they hit the substrate, even without prior melting or melting.
  • Powder conveyors are also referred to below as feed devices and are used to feed a flow of particles (powder flow).
  • the quality of the built-up material depends to a large extent on uniform delivery. In other words, the system should generate (spray) a particle beam that is as uniform as possible.
  • the object is achieved by a cold gas spray system as specified in claim 1.
  • the cold gas spray system for generating an adjustable particle jet has a nozzle for this purpose, the particle beam emerging from the nozzle when the cold gas spray system is in operation.
  • the particle beam comprises particles that are to be deposited on the substrate to be coated and a propellant gas.
  • the cold gas spray system also has a feed device for feeding a particle stream to the nozzle.
  • the particle flow is a flow of powder particles that is made available to the nozzle and is accelerated to supersonic speed in the nozzle.
  • the particle flow accordingly has a speed well below the speed of sound.
  • the particle flow is designed as a particle-gas mixture and it is a two-phase flow of conveying gas with solid particles in it.
  • the cold gas spray system also has one or more actuators, the actuators being designed in such a way that the particle flow and / or the particle beam can be temporarily reduced during ongoing operation.
  • the particle flow and / or the jet can also be interrupted for a short time.
  • the actuators can be controlled in such a way that at times no or at least only a few particles emerge from the nozzle. This can be used advantageously to create complex structures by means of the cold gas spraying process.
  • This has the big one
  • the advantage is that powder that is not used to build up a structure is not consumed in idle mode, but rather the particle flow is only interrupted and powder can be saved.
  • the temporary interruption or reduction have a maximum duration of a few seconds, e.g. B. until a blank space in a three-dimensional structure has been passed by the nozzle.
  • the interruption is preferably a maximum of 1 second, in particular a maximum of 0.5 seconds.
  • At least one of the actuators is connected downstream of the feed device. This can be implemented in such a way that the actuator is arranged in such a way that the feed device can no longer feed a particle stream to the nozzle.
  • the actuator preferably has a significantly higher dynamic than the feed device, the main task of which is to provide a particle flow that is as constant as possible. By taking advantage of the higher dynamics of the actuator, the particle flow can be adjusted to be more fine-grained.
  • At least one of the actuators is designed as a valve.
  • the valve is arranged in particular between the feed device and the nozzle. With the valve, the particle flow from the feed device to the nozzle can be briefly interrupted or reduced.
  • the valve can be designed in such a way that a conveying gas flow, that is to say the particle flow with its conveying gas, is directed back into the feed device. This is particularly advantageous if the cold gas spray system has a system in which the feed device is under the same pressure with a conveying gas flow.
  • a control device that controls the flow of conveying gas can remain in place in this way, since, because of the same counter pressure, it only realizes with a delay that the valve is closed and thus counter-controls or counter-controls only later.
  • the valve should be opened regularly so that the pressure in the feed device, e.g. the powder feeder, doesn't get too big.
  • At least one of the actuators is designed as a valve which is arranged such that the particle flow is directed back into the feed device.
  • the particle flow with its conveying gas is fed back into the feed device. It is advantageous if the particle stream is fed into a pressurized powder container.
  • the valve can be implemented as a ball valve. It is particularly advantageous that existing systems can be expanded in this way.
  • the cold gas spray system has at least one buffer for temporarily buffering the particle flow.
  • the buffer can be designed in such a way that a particle flow or the conveying gas flow is buffered with the particles, if possible while maintaining the same pressure level. Expansion vessels or pressure compensation tanks, for example, can be used here.
  • At least one of the actuators is designed to feed the particle flow to the nozzle in a first position and to guide the particle flow into a buffer in a second position. It is possible that not only two discrete positions exist, but also intermediate positions in which at least parts of the particle flow are directed into the buffer. Appropriate valves could be provided for this purpose.
  • the advantage of a solution with a corresponding actuator and a buffer is that existing systems can be retrofitted, as pressure jumps caused by the buffer can be avoided.
  • the cold gas spray system has a control device which is designed to set a delivery rate of the feed device as a function of at least one state of one of the actuators. This has the great advantage that the actuator does not have to handle the full particle flow, but at least a reduction of the particle flow can be provided. If the feed device is now set in such a way that the actuating processes have sufficient dynamics to ensure a particle beam that is as continuous as possible, then, in combination with the actuators, very high dynamics of the particle quantity of the particle beam can be achieved.
  • the cold gas spray system has at least one control device which is designed to set a delivery rate of the feed device as a function of at least one travel speed of the nozzle.
  • the conveying speed of the feed device is a measure of the number of particles that the conveying device conveys per unit of time.
  • the particle flow can thus be influenced directly.
  • the travel speed of the nozzle can also be influenced. With a constant particle flow and increasing travel speed, the number of particles that are deposited on the substrate decreases. If the travel speed is increased and the delivery rate is reduced at the same time, an effect can be achieved which approximates a short-term reduction or interruption of the particle flow or the particle beam.
  • the control device can be designed particularly advantageously both as a function of a state of an actuator and the displacement speed of the nozzle.
  • the cold gas spray system has particle lines which are designed as buffers. If only short-term interruptions in the particle flow are provided, particle lines can be used unchanged. If longer-term interruptions and the associated buffering of higher pressures are provided, then somewhat more heavily designed particle lines can be used become. Existing systems can be expanded easily and advantageously in this way.
  • At least one of the actuators is designed such that a travel speed of the nozzle can be set as a function of the temporary reduction, in particular the interruption of the particle beam and / or the particle flow.
  • a robot arm can be provided that adjusts the travel speed of the nozzle accordingly. This is of great advantage, especially in combination with other actuators.
  • At least one of the actuators is designed as a mechanical element that blocks and / or deflects the particle beam after it emerges from the nozzle.
  • Such mechanical elements can, for example, be designed as a type of shutter that can be opened and closed.
  • the mechanical element can be designed as a drum-shaped or cylindrical element that has channels that allow the jet to pass through and channels that guide the jet away to the side, for example. This has the advantage that a very high dynamic can be achieved and it can be guaranteed that no particles of any kind hit the substrate to be coated. This can be of particular advantage in the case of particularly sensitive parts of the substrate, which must not be hit by the particle beam under any circumstances.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for controlling a cold gas spray system, which is designed as above according to a system according to the invention.
  • a method for controlling a cold gas spray system which is designed as above according to a system according to the invention.
  • at least one actuator is activated during operation to at least temporarily reduce, in particular to at least temporarily interrupt the particle flow and / or the particle jet.
  • At least one of the actuators is activated as a function of a travel speed of the nozzle. This enables an exact adaptation of the particle beam or the amount of particles arriving on the substrate by adapting the travel speed.
  • At least one actuator is activated as a function of a delivery rate of the feed device. This has the great advantage that the actuator can also be controlled at the same time via the delivery rate and thus the delivery rate controller can be used to control an actuator.
  • the delivery rate of the feed device is controlled as a function of a state of at least one actuator. For example, it is conceivable that when the path of the particle flow is blocked or throttled by an actuator, the delivery rate of the feed device is throttled in parallel and this is accordingly increased again before the actuator opens again, so that pressure jumps in the system can be avoided and particle delivery as uniform as possible can be made available for a particle beam that is as uniform as possible.
  • FIG 1 shows a cold gas spray system 100 with a nozzle 110 from which a particle jet 50 emerges.
  • the nozzle 110 is supplied with a propellant gas under pressure from a gas source 20 via a gas line 12. Furthermore, a particle stream 40 is fed to the nozzle 110 via a particle line 13A.
  • a feed device 130 has a particle reservoir 131 and is connected to an actuator 21 via a particle line 13.
  • the actuator 21 has two positions A and B.
  • the actuator 21 can be designed as a valve, for example. In position A, the particle stream 40 is guided unchanged to the nozzle 110 via the particle lines 13A. In position B, the particle stream 40 is passed into a buffer 180 via a particle line 13B. In position B, the particle flow 40 in the direction of the nozzle 110 is reduced or blocked in such a way that the particle beam 50 has a smaller number or no more particles.
  • the cold gas spray system 100 has a control device CTRL.
  • the control device CTRL is designed and integrated into the system in such a way that it can set a conveying rate of the feed device 130. This can be done, for example, via the speed of a drum conveyor.
  • the control device CTRL is connected to the actuator 21 and can control the actuator 21. It is thus conceivable that the control device CTRL controls the actuator 21 or the feed device 130 separately from one another. This can be advantageous in cases in which only a slight adjustment of the particle beam 50 is necessary. It is also conceivable that the control device CTRL controls the actuator 21 and the feed device 130 jointly and in a coordinated manner.
  • actuators 22 and 23 can also be provided, as shown in FIGS Figures 2 and Figures 3 are shown these can also be controlled by the control device CTRL.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cold gas spray system 100 based on the embodiment from FIG FIG 1 .
  • a further particle line 13C was provided, which is connected to the particle storage 131 and thus returns the accumulating gas with the unused particles. Since the particle storage 131 can also be under pressure, the conveying gas with the particles, which is then under approximately the same pressure, can be returned to the particle storage 131 via the particle line 13C.
  • the buffer 180 can also be omitted and the particle line 13B and particle line 13C can be connected directly to one another. This is the case, for example, if the line lengths of lines 13B and 13C are sufficient and / or short interruption times are required.
  • the line length possibly in connection with the additional buffer 180, has the advantageous effect, with sufficiently short interruption times, that no disruptive pressure control fluctuations are triggered in the powder feed circuit, so that the particle injection into the nozzle is suppressed unnoticed by the powder feed system or its controller.
  • FIG 3 shows an actuator 22, which in this case is designed as a type of screen, for example as a round sheet metal with one or more cutouts.
  • the actuator 22 By rotating by means of a rotary drive 220, the actuator 22 can be adjusted in such a way that a particle beam emerging from the nozzle 110 does not strike the substrate.
  • the drawing is only schematic and that the actuators 22, which are designed as mechanical elements, can also be implemented in a significantly more compact manner.
  • FIG 4 a similar concept of an actuator 23 can be seen, which is designed here as a drum and has deflection channels 230.
  • the deflection channels direct the particle beam from the nozzle 110 out of the focus area and thus also have the effect that the particle beam is briefly interrupted can.
  • blind holes can also be provided in the drum or in the cylindrical actuator 23, which are designed for briefly receiving the particle beam and its particles.
  • the invention relates to a cold gas spray system (100) for generating an adjustable particle beam (50) and a method for controlling such a cold gas spray system (100).
  • the cold gas spray system (100) have a nozzle (110) from which the particle beam (50) emerges, a feed device ( 130) for feeding a particle stream (40) to the nozzle (110) and one or more actuators (21, 22, 23) which are designed so that the particle stream (40) and / or the particle beam (50) during operation temporarily reduced, in particular can be temporarily interrupted.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) zum Erzeugen eines einstellbaren Partikelstrahls (50) und ein Verfahren zum Steuern einer solchen Kaltgasspritzanlage (100). Um den Partikelstrahl (50) der Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) während des laufenden Betriebs gezielt zu steuern, insbesondere kurzfristig zu deaktivieren wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) eine Düse (110), aus der der Partikelstrahl (50) austritt, eine Zuführeinrichtung (130) zum Zuführen eines Partikelstroms (40) zur Düse (110) und ein oder mehrere Aktoren (21, 22, 23) aufweist, die so ausgebildet sind, dass der Partikelstrom (40) und/oder der Partikelstrahl (50) im laufenden Betrieb zeitweise verringert, insbesondere zeitweise unterbrochen werden kann.The invention relates to a cold gas spray system (100) for generating an adjustable particle beam (50) and a method for controlling such a cold gas spray system (100). In order to specifically control the particle jet (50) of the cold gas spray system (100) during operation, in particular to deactivate it for a short time, it is proposed that the cold gas spray system (100) have a nozzle (110) from which the particle beam (50) emerges, a feed device ( 130) for feeding a particle stream (40) to the nozzle (110) and one or more actuators (21, 22, 23) which are designed so that the particle stream (40) and / or the particle beam (50) during operation temporarily reduced, in particular can be temporarily interrupted.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kaltgasspritzanlage zum Erzeugen eines einstellbaren Partikelstrahls und ein Verfahren zum Steuern einer solchen Kaltgasspritzanlage.The invention relates to a cold gas spray system for generating an adjustable particle jet and a method for controlling such a cold gas spray system.

Kaltgasspritzen (im Englischen: "Cold Spray") ist ein Verfahren, bei dem ein Werkstoff in Pulverform mit sehr hoher Geschwindigkeit auf ein Trägermaterial (Substrat) aufgebracht wird. Dazu wird ein auf mehrere hundert Grad aufgeheiztes Prozessgas (z. B. Stickstoff) durch Expansion in einer Lavaldüse auf sehr hohe Geschwindigkeit, d. h. Überschallgeschwindigkeit, beschleunigt und anschließend die Pulverpartikel in den Gasstrahl injiziert. Die injizierten Pulverpartikel werden dabei auf eine so hohe Geschwindigkeit beschleunigt, dass sie im Gegensatz zu anderen thermischen Spritzverfahren auch ohne vorangehendes An- oder Aufschmelzen beim Aufprall auf das Substrat eine dichte und fest haftende Schicht bilden.Cold spraying is a process in which a material in powder form is applied to a carrier material (substrate) at very high speed. For this purpose, a process gas (e.g. nitrogen) heated to several hundred degrees is expelled in a Laval nozzle to a very high speed, i. H. Supersonic speed, accelerated and then the powder particles are injected into the gas jet. The injected powder particles are accelerated to such a high speed that, in contrast to other thermal spraying processes, they form a dense and firmly adhering layer when they hit the substrate, even without prior melting or melting.

Aufgrund der thermischen Trägheit von Cold Spray-Anlagen können die Strömungsparameter des Gasstrahls, der die Partikel beschleunigt, nicht abrupt geändert werden. Weiterhin ist es unzweckmäßig, den oder die Pulverförderer abrupt aus- und wieder anzuschalten, weil sie aufgrund der Länge der Leitungen eine Weile brauchen, bis die Förderung danach wieder gleichmäßig läuft. Pulverförderer werden im Folgenden auch als Zuführeinrichtung bezeichnet und dienen zum Zuführen eines Partikelstroms (Pulverstrom). Die Qualität des aufgebauten Materials hängt aber maßgeblich von einer gleichmäßigen Förderung ab. Mit anderen Worten soll die Anlage möglichst einen möglichst gleichmäßigen Partikelstrahl erzeugen (spritzen) .Due to the thermal inertia of cold spray systems, the flow parameters of the gas jet that accelerates the particles cannot be changed abruptly. Furthermore, it is inexpedient to switch the powder feeder (s) off and on again abruptly because, due to the length of the lines, they need a while until the feed then runs smoothly again. Powder conveyors are also referred to below as feed devices and are used to feed a flow of particles (powder flow). However, the quality of the built-up material depends to a large extent on uniform delivery. In other words, the system should generate (spray) a particle beam that is as uniform as possible.

Beim Beschichten von Komponenten oder additiver Fertigung auf Komponenten durch Kaltgasspritzen führt die mangelnde Steuerbarkeit des Partikelstrahls bzw. mangelnde Dynamik der Parameter des Partikelstrahls zu Problemen, z. B. dass an einigen Orten zu viel Material abgeschieden wird, unter anderem dort, wo wegen kinematischer Begrenzungen die Spritzdüse langsamer bewegt werden muss als für die aktuelle Pulverförderrate passend wäre.The lack of controllability leads to the coating of components or additive manufacturing on components by cold gas spraying of the particle beam or lack of dynamics of the parameters of the particle beam to problems such. B. that too much material is deposited in some places, including where the spray nozzle has to be moved more slowly than would be appropriate for the current powder feed rate due to kinematic limitations.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung den Partikelstrahl einer Kaltgasspritzanlage während des laufenden Betriebs gezielt zu steuern, insbesondere kurzfristig zu deaktivieren.It is the object of the invention to specifically control the particle jet of a cold gas spray system during operation, in particular to deactivate it for a short time.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Kaltgasspritzanlage, wie sie in Anspruch 1 angegeben ist. Die Kaltgasspritzanlage zum Erzeugen eines einstellbaren Partikelstrahls weist dazu eine Düse auf, wobei im Betrieb der Kaltgasspritzanlage aus der Düse der Partikelstrahl austritt. Der Partikelstrahl umfasst dabei Partikel, die auf dem zu beschichtenden Substrat abgeschieden werden sollen und ein Treibgas. Die Kaltgasspritzanlage weist weiterhin eine Zuführeinrichtung zum Zuführen eines Partikelstroms zur Düse auf. Der Partikelstrom ist dabei ein Strom aus Pulverpartikeln sein, der der Düse zur Verfügung gestellt wird und in der Düse auf Überschallgeschwindigkeit beschleunigt wird. Der Partikelstrom hat dementsprechend eine Geschwindigkeit deutlich unterhalb der Schallgeschwindigkeit. Der Partikelstrom ist als ein Partikel-Gas-Gemisch ausgebildet und es handelt sich dabei um eine Zweiphasenströmung aus Fördergas mit festen Partikeln darin.The object is achieved by a cold gas spray system as specified in claim 1. The cold gas spray system for generating an adjustable particle jet has a nozzle for this purpose, the particle beam emerging from the nozzle when the cold gas spray system is in operation. The particle beam comprises particles that are to be deposited on the substrate to be coated and a propellant gas. The cold gas spray system also has a feed device for feeding a particle stream to the nozzle. The particle flow is a flow of powder particles that is made available to the nozzle and is accelerated to supersonic speed in the nozzle. The particle flow accordingly has a speed well below the speed of sound. The particle flow is designed as a particle-gas mixture and it is a two-phase flow of conveying gas with solid particles in it.

Die Kaltgasspritzanlage weist weiterhin ein oder mehrere Aktoren auf, wobei die Aktoren so ausgebildet sind, dass der Partikelstrom und/oder der Partikelstrahl im laufenden Betrieb zeitweise verringert werden kann. Insbesondere kann der Partikelstrom und/oder der Strahl auch kurzfristig unterbrochen werden. In anderen Worten können die Aktoren so angesteuert werden, dass aus der Düse zeitweise keine oder zumindest nur wenige Partikel austreten. Dies kann vorteilhaft dazu genutzt werden, komplexe Strukturen mittels des Kaltgasspritzverfahrens zu erstellen. Weiterhin hat dies den großen Vorteil, dass Pulver, das nicht zum Aufbau einer Struktur verwendet wird, nicht im Leerlauf verbraucht wird, sondern der Partikelstrom nur unterbrochen wird und damit Pulver gespart werden kann. Die zeitweise Unterbrechung bzw. Verringerung weisen dabei eine maximale Dauer von wenigen Sekunden auf, z. B. so lange bis eine Leerstelle in einer dreidimensionalen Struktur von der Düse passiert wurde. Vorzugsweise ist die Unterbrechung höchstens 1 Sekunde, insbesondere höchstens 0,5 Sekunden.The cold gas spray system also has one or more actuators, the actuators being designed in such a way that the particle flow and / or the particle beam can be temporarily reduced during ongoing operation. In particular, the particle flow and / or the jet can also be interrupted for a short time. In other words, the actuators can be controlled in such a way that at times no or at least only a few particles emerge from the nozzle. This can be used advantageously to create complex structures by means of the cold gas spraying process. Furthermore, this has the big one The advantage is that powder that is not used to build up a structure is not consumed in idle mode, but rather the particle flow is only interrupted and powder can be saved. The temporary interruption or reduction have a maximum duration of a few seconds, e.g. B. until a blank space in a three-dimensional structure has been passed by the nozzle. The interruption is preferably a maximum of 1 second, in particular a maximum of 0.5 seconds.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist zumindest einer der Aktoren der Zuführeinrichtung nachgeschaltet. Dies kann so realisiert werden, dass der Aktor so angeordnet ist, dass der Düse durch die Zuführeinrichtung kein Partikelstrom mehr zugeführt werden kann. Der Aktor hat vorzugsweise eine deutlich höhere Dynamik als die Zuführeinrichtung, deren Hauptaufgabe es ist, einen möglichst konstanten Partikelstrom zur Verfügung zu stellen. Unter Ausnutzen der höheren Dynamik des Aktors kann der Partikelstrom feingranularer eingestellt werden.In a further embodiment, at least one of the actuators is connected downstream of the feed device. This can be implemented in such a way that the actuator is arranged in such a way that the feed device can no longer feed a particle stream to the nozzle. The actuator preferably has a significantly higher dynamic than the feed device, the main task of which is to provide a particle flow that is as constant as possible. By taking advantage of the higher dynamics of the actuator, the particle flow can be adjusted to be more fine-grained.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist zumindest einer der Aktoren als ein Ventil ausgebildet. Das Ventil ist dabei insbesondere zwischen der Zuführeinrichtung und der Düse angeordnet. Mit dem Ventil kann der Partikelstrom von der Zuführeinrichtung zur Düse kurzfristig unterbrochen oder verringert werden. Das Ventil kann dabei so ausgebildet sein, dass ein Fördergasstrom, also der Partikelstrom mit seinem Fördergas, zurück in die Zuführeinrichtung geleitet wird. Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Kaltgasspritzanlage ein System aufweist, bei dem die Zuführeinrichtung mit einem Fördergasstrom unter demselben Druck steht. Eine Steuereinrichtung, die den Fördergasstrom steuert, kann auf diese Art und Weise bestehen bleiben, da diese wegen des gleichen Gegendrucks erst verspätet mitbekommt, dass das Ventil geschlossen ist und somit erst später gegenregelt bzw. gegensteuert. In diesem Fall sollte das Ventil regelmäßig geöffnet werden, damit der Druck in der Zuführeinrichtung, zum Beispiel dem Pulverförderer, nicht zu groß wird.In a further embodiment, at least one of the actuators is designed as a valve. The valve is arranged in particular between the feed device and the nozzle. With the valve, the particle flow from the feed device to the nozzle can be briefly interrupted or reduced. The valve can be designed in such a way that a conveying gas flow, that is to say the particle flow with its conveying gas, is directed back into the feed device. This is particularly advantageous if the cold gas spray system has a system in which the feed device is under the same pressure with a conveying gas flow. A control device that controls the flow of conveying gas can remain in place in this way, since, because of the same counter pressure, it only realizes with a delay that the valve is closed and thus counter-controls or counter-controls only later. In this case, the valve should be opened regularly so that the pressure in the feed device, e.g. the powder feeder, doesn't get too big.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist zumindest einer der Aktoren als ein Ventil ausgebildet, das so angeordnet ist, dass der Partikelstrom zurück in die Zuführeinrichtung geleitet wird. Insbesondere wird der Partikelstrom mit seinem Fördergas zurück in die Zuführeinrichtung geleitet. Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Partikelstrom in einen unter Druck stehenden Pulverbehälter geführt wird. Das Ventil kann als ein Kugelventil realisiert werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass so bestehende Anlagen erweitert werden können.In a further embodiment, at least one of the actuators is designed as a valve which is arranged such that the particle flow is directed back into the feed device. In particular, the particle flow with its conveying gas is fed back into the feed device. It is advantageous if the particle stream is fed into a pressurized powder container. The valve can be implemented as a ball valve. It is particularly advantageous that existing systems can be expanded in this way.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die Kaltgasspritzanlage zumindest einen Puffer zum temporären Puffern des Partikelstroms auf. Der Puffer kann dabei so ausgestaltet sein, dass ein Partikelstrom bzw. der Fördergasstrom mit den Partikeln, wenn möglich unter Beibehaltung desselben Druckniveaus, gepuffert wird. Hierbei sind beispielsweise Ausdehnungsgefäße oder Druckausgleichsbehälter verwendbar.In a further embodiment, the cold gas spray system has at least one buffer for temporarily buffering the particle flow. The buffer can be designed in such a way that a particle flow or the conveying gas flow is buffered with the particles, if possible while maintaining the same pressure level. Expansion vessels or pressure compensation tanks, for example, can be used here.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist zumindest einer der Aktoren so ausgebildet, in einer ersten Stellung den Partikelstrom der Düse zuzuführen und in einer zweiten Stellung den Partikelstrom in einen Puffer zu leiten. Es ist möglich, dass nicht nur zwei diskrete Stellungen existieren, sondern auch Zwischenstellungen, in denen zumindest Teile des Partikelstroms in den Puffer geleitet werden. Dazu könnten entsprechende Ventile vorgesehen sein. Der Vorteil an einer Lösung mit einem entsprechenden Aktor und einem Puffer ist, dass sich so bestehende Anlagen nachrüsten lassen, da Drucksprünge durch den Puffer vermieden werden können.In a further embodiment, at least one of the actuators is designed to feed the particle flow to the nozzle in a first position and to guide the particle flow into a buffer in a second position. It is possible that not only two discrete positions exist, but also intermediate positions in which at least parts of the particle flow are directed into the buffer. Appropriate valves could be provided for this purpose. The advantage of a solution with a corresponding actuator and a buffer is that existing systems can be retrofitted, as pressure jumps caused by the buffer can be avoided.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die Kaltgasspritzanlage eine Steuervorrichtung auf, die zum Einstellen einer Förderrate der Zuführeinrichtung in Abhängigkeit von zumindest einem Zustand eines der Aktoren ausgebildet ist. Dies hat den großen Vorteil, dass der Aktor nicht den vollen Partikelstrom handhaben muss, sondern zumindest eine Verringerung des Partikelstroms vorgesehen werden kann. Wenn die Zuführeinrichtung nun so eingestellt wird, dass die Stellvorgänge eine ausreichende Dynamik aufweisen, um einen möglichst kontinuierlichen Partikelstrahl zu gewährleisten, so kann in Kombination mit den Aktoren eine sehr hohe Dynamik der Partikelmenge des Partikelstrahls erreicht werden.In a further embodiment, the cold gas spray system has a control device which is designed to set a delivery rate of the feed device as a function of at least one state of one of the actuators. This has the great advantage that the actuator does not have to handle the full particle flow, but at least a reduction of the particle flow can be provided. If the feed device is now set in such a way that the actuating processes have sufficient dynamics to ensure a particle beam that is as continuous as possible, then, in combination with the actuators, very high dynamics of the particle quantity of the particle beam can be achieved.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die Kaltgasspritzanlage zumindest eine Steuervorrichtung auf, die zum Einstellen einer Förderrate der Zuführeinrichtung in Abhängigkeit von zumindest einer Verfahrgeschwindigkeit der Düse ausgebildet ist. Die Fördergeschwindigkeit der Zuführeinrichtung ist dabei ein Maß für die Anzahl der Partikel, die die Fördereinrichtung pro Zeiteinheit fördert. Somit kann der Partikelstrom direkt beeinflusst werden. Da dies aber in der Regel nicht dynamisch genug geschehen kann, um kurzfristige Verringerungen bzw. Unterbrechungen des Partikelstrahls zu realisieren, kann zusätzlich die Verfahrgeschwindigkeit der Düse beeinflusst werden. Bei gleichbleibendem Partikelstrom und steigender Verfahrgeschwindigkeit sinkt die Anzahl der Partikel, die an einem Ort auf dem Substrat abgeschieden werden. Wenn nun die Verfahrgeschwindigkeit gesteigert wird und die Förderrate gleichzeitig gesenkt wird, so kann ein Effekt erzielt werden, der einem kurzfristigen Verringern bzw. Unterbrechen des Partikelstroms bzw. des Partikelstrahls nahekommt. Besonders vorteilhaft kann die Steuereinrichtung sowohl die Förderrate in Abhängigkeit eines Zustands eines Aktors sowie der Verfahrgeschwindigkeit der Düse ausgebildet sein.In a further embodiment, the cold gas spray system has at least one control device which is designed to set a delivery rate of the feed device as a function of at least one travel speed of the nozzle. The conveying speed of the feed device is a measure of the number of particles that the conveying device conveys per unit of time. The particle flow can thus be influenced directly. However, since this usually cannot be done dynamically enough to achieve short-term reductions or interruptions in the particle beam, the travel speed of the nozzle can also be influenced. With a constant particle flow and increasing travel speed, the number of particles that are deposited on the substrate decreases. If the travel speed is increased and the delivery rate is reduced at the same time, an effect can be achieved which approximates a short-term reduction or interruption of the particle flow or the particle beam. The control device can be designed particularly advantageously both as a function of a state of an actuator and the displacement speed of the nozzle.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die Kaltgasspritzanlage Partikelleitungen auf, die als Puffer ausgebildet sind. Wenn nur kurzfristige Unterbrechungen des Partikelstroms vorgesehen sind, so können Partikelleitungen unverändert verwendet werden. Wenn längerfristige Unterbrechungen und damit einhergehende Pufferung von höheren Drücken vorgesehen sind, so können etwas stärker ausgestaltete Partikelleitungen verwendet werden. Bestehende Systeme können auf diese Weise einfach und vorteilhaft erweitert werden.In a further embodiment, the cold gas spray system has particle lines which are designed as buffers. If only short-term interruptions in the particle flow are provided, particle lines can be used unchanged. If longer-term interruptions and the associated buffering of higher pressures are provided, then somewhat more heavily designed particle lines can be used become. Existing systems can be expanded easily and advantageously in this way.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist zumindest einer der Aktoren so ausgestaltet, dass eine Verfahrgeschwindigkeit der Düse abhängig von der zeitweisen Verringerung insbesondere Unterbrechung des Partikelstrahls und/oder des Partikelstroms einstellbar ist. So kann beispielsweise ein Roboterarm vorgesehen sein, der die Verfahrgeschwindigkeit der Düse dementsprechend einstellt. Insbesondere in Kombination mit weiteren Aktoren ist dies von großem Vorteil.In a further embodiment, at least one of the actuators is designed such that a travel speed of the nozzle can be set as a function of the temporary reduction, in particular the interruption of the particle beam and / or the particle flow. For example, a robot arm can be provided that adjusts the travel speed of the nozzle accordingly. This is of great advantage, especially in combination with other actuators.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist zumindest einer der Aktoren als mechanisches Element ausgebildet, das den Partikelstrahl nach Austritt aus der Düse blockiert und/oder umlenkt. Derartige mechanische Elemente können zum Beispiel als eine Art Blende, die geöffnet und geschlossen werden kann, ausgebildet sein. Ergänzend und/oder alternativ kann das mechanische Element als ein trommel- bzw. zylinderförmiges Element ausgebildet sein, das Kanäle aufweist, die den Strahl durchlassen und Kanäle aufweist, die den Strahl zum Beispiel zur Seite hin wegleiten, ausgebildet sein. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass eine sehr hohe Dynamik erreicht werden kann und garantiert werden kann, dass keinerlei Partikel auf das zu beschichtende Substrat treffen. Dies kann insbesondere bei besonders empfindlichen Teilen des Substrats, die auf keinen Fall vom Partikelstrahl getroffen werden dürfen, von Vorteil sein.In a further embodiment, at least one of the actuators is designed as a mechanical element that blocks and / or deflects the particle beam after it emerges from the nozzle. Such mechanical elements can, for example, be designed as a type of shutter that can be opened and closed. Additionally and / or alternatively, the mechanical element can be designed as a drum-shaped or cylindrical element that has channels that allow the jet to pass through and channels that guide the jet away to the side, for example. This has the advantage that a very high dynamic can be achieved and it can be guaranteed that no particles of any kind hit the substrate to be coated. This can be of particular advantage in the case of particularly sensitive parts of the substrate, which must not be hit by the particle beam under any circumstances.

Die Aufgabe wird weiterhin durch ein Verfahren zum Steuern einer Kaltgasspritzanlage gelöst, die gemäß einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage wie vorstehend ausgebildet ist. Zum Betreiben der Kaltgasspritzanlage wird zumindest ein Aktor im laufenden Betrieb zum zumindest zeitweisen Verringern, insbesondere zum zumindest zeitweisen Unterbrechen des Partikelstroms und/oder des Partikelstrahls angesteuert.The object is also achieved by a method for controlling a cold gas spray system, which is designed as above according to a system according to the invention. To operate the cold gas spray system, at least one actuator is activated during operation to at least temporarily reduce, in particular to at least temporarily interrupt the particle flow and / or the particle jet.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird zumindest einer der Aktoren abhängig von einer Verfahrgeschwindigkeit der Düse angesteuert. Dies ermöglicht eine genaue Anpassung des Partikelstrahls bzw. der Menge der auf dem Substrat ankommenden Partikel durch Anpassen der Verfahrgeschwindigkeit.In a further embodiment, at least one of the actuators is activated as a function of a travel speed of the nozzle. This enables an exact adaptation of the particle beam or the amount of particles arriving on the substrate by adapting the travel speed.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird zumindest ein Aktor abhängig von einer Förderrate der Zuführeinrichtung angesteuert. Dies hat den großen Vorteil, dass über die Förderrate auch gleichzeitig der Aktor angesteuert werden kann und somit der Förderratencontroller zum Ansteuern eines Aktors benutzt werden kann.In a further embodiment, at least one actuator is activated as a function of a delivery rate of the feed device. This has the great advantage that the actuator can also be controlled at the same time via the delivery rate and thus the delivery rate controller can be used to control an actuator.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Förderrate der Zuführeinrichtung abhängig von einem Zustand von zumindest einem Aktor angesteuert. So ist beispielsweise vorstellbar, dass bei einem Versperren oder Drosseln des Weges des Partikelstroms durch einen Aktor parallel die Förderrate der Zuführeinrichtung gedrosselt wird und diese dementsprechend bevor der Aktor wieder öffnet, wieder erhöht wird, sodass Drucksprünge im System vermieden werden können und eine möglichst gleichmäßige Partikelförderung für einen möglichst gleichmäßigen Partikelstrahl zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann.In a further embodiment, the delivery rate of the feed device is controlled as a function of a state of at least one actuator. For example, it is conceivable that when the path of the particle flow is blocked or throttled by an actuator, the delivery rate of the feed device is throttled in parallel and this is accordingly increased again before the actuator opens again, so that pressure jumps in the system can be avoided and particle delivery as uniform as possible can be made available for a particle beam that is as uniform as possible.

An dieser Stelle sei anzumerken, dass die verschiedenen Verfahren untereinander kombinierbar sind und sich ergänzen können. Auch die verschiedenen genannten Aktoren können untereinander kombiniert werden, um so ein besonders dynamisches und gut steuerbares System zu erhalten, um Alternativen der Ansteuerung zu erhalten und/oder um Reserven beim Ansteuern der Kaltgasspritzanlage zu ermöglichen.It should be noted at this point that the various methods can be combined with one another and complement one another. The various mentioned actuators can also be combined with one another in order to obtain a particularly dynamic and easily controllable system, to obtain alternatives to the control and / or to enable reserves when controlling the cold gas spray system.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher beschrieben und erläutert. Es zeigen:

FIG 1
eine Kaltgasspritzanlage,
FIG 2
eine weitere Kaltgasspritzanlage,
FIG 3
einen Aktor und
FIG 4
einen weiteren Aktor.
The invention is described and explained in more detail below using the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. Show it:
FIG 1
a cold gas spray system,
FIG 2
another cold gas spray system,
FIG 3
an actuator and
FIG 4
another actuator.

FIG 1 zeigt eine Kaltgasspritzanlage 100 mit einer Düse 110, aus der ein Partikelstrahl 50 austritt. Der Düse 110 wird über eine Gasleitung 12 aus einer Gasquelle 20 ein Treibgas unter Druck zugeführt. Weiterhin wird der Düse 110 über eine Partikelleitung 13A ein Partikelstrom 40 zugeführt. Eine Zuführeinrichtung 130 weist einen Partikelspeicher 131 auf und ist über eine Partikelleitung 13 mit einem Aktor 21 verbunden. Der Aktor 21 weist zwei Stellungen A und B auf. Der Aktor 21 kann dabei beispielsweise als Ventil ausgebildet sein. In Stellung A wird der Partikelstrom 40 über die Partikelleitungen 13A unverändert zur Düse 110 geführt. In der Stellung B wird der Partikelstrom 40 über eine Partikelleitung 13B in einen Puffer 180 geleitet. In Stellung B wird also der Partikelstrom 40 in Richtung der Düse 110 so verringert bzw. blockiert, dass der Partikelstrahl 50 eine geringere Anzahl oder keine Partikel mehr aufweist. FIG 1 shows a cold gas spray system 100 with a nozzle 110 from which a particle jet 50 emerges. The nozzle 110 is supplied with a propellant gas under pressure from a gas source 20 via a gas line 12. Furthermore, a particle stream 40 is fed to the nozzle 110 via a particle line 13A. A feed device 130 has a particle reservoir 131 and is connected to an actuator 21 via a particle line 13. The actuator 21 has two positions A and B. The actuator 21 can be designed as a valve, for example. In position A, the particle stream 40 is guided unchanged to the nozzle 110 via the particle lines 13A. In position B, the particle stream 40 is passed into a buffer 180 via a particle line 13B. In position B, the particle flow 40 in the direction of the nozzle 110 is reduced or blocked in such a way that the particle beam 50 has a smaller number or no more particles.

Beispielhaft weist die Kaltgasspritzanlage 100 eine Steuervorrichtung CTRL auf. Die Steuervorrichtung CTRL ist dabei so ausgebildet und in die Anlage eingebunden, dass sie eine Förderrate der Zuführreinrichtung 130 einstellen kann. Dies kann beispielsweise über eine Drehzahl eines Trommelförderers geschehen. Weiterhin ist die Steuervorrichtung CTRL mit dem Aktor 21 verbunden und kann den Aktor 21 ansteuern. Somit ist denkbar, dass die Steuervorrichtung CTRL den Aktor 21 oder die Zuführeinrichtung 130 getrennt voneinander ansteuert. Dies kann in Fällen vorteilhaft sein, in denen nur eine geringfügige Anpassung des Partikelstrahls 50 notwendig ist. Weiterhin ist denkbar, dass die Steuervorrichtung CTRL den Aktor 21 und die Zuführeinrichtung 130 gemeinsam und aufeinander abgestimmt ansteuert.For example, the cold gas spray system 100 has a control device CTRL. The control device CTRL is designed and integrated into the system in such a way that it can set a conveying rate of the feed device 130. This can be done, for example, via the speed of a drum conveyor. Furthermore, the control device CTRL is connected to the actuator 21 and can control the actuator 21. It is thus conceivable that the control device CTRL controls the actuator 21 or the feed device 130 separately from one another. This can be advantageous in cases in which only a slight adjustment of the particle beam 50 is necessary. It is also conceivable that the control device CTRL controls the actuator 21 and the feed device 130 jointly and in a coordinated manner.

Ergänzend können auch weitere Aktoren 22 und 23 vorgesehen werden, wie sie in den Figuren 2 und Figuren 3 gezeigt sind, diese können ebenso von der Steuervorrichtung CTRL angesteuert werden.In addition, further actuators 22 and 23 can also be provided, as shown in FIGS Figures 2 and Figures 3 are shown these can also be controlled by the control device CTRL.

FIG 2 zeigt eine Kaltgasspritzanlage 100 basierend auf der Ausführungsform aus FIG 1. Dabei wurde nach dem Puffer 180 eine weitere Partikelleitung 13C vorgesehen, die mit dem Partikelspeicher 131 verbunden ist und somit das sich stauende Gas mit den ungenutzten Partikeln zurückführt. Da der Partikelspeicher 131 auch unter Druck stehen kann, kann über die Partikelleitung 13C das dann unter annähernd demselben Druck stehende Fördergas mit den Partikeln in den Partikelspeicher 131 zurückgeführt werden. Der Puffer 180 kann auch entfallen und die Partikelleitung 13B und Partikelleitung 13C direkt miteinander verbunden werden. Dies ist bspw. bei ausreichenden Leitungslängen der Leitungen 13B und 13C und/oder geforderten kurzen Unterbrechungszeiten der Fall. Die Leitungslänge, ggf. in Verbindung mit dem Zusatzpuffer 180, bewirkt vorteilhaft bei hinreichend kurzen Unterbrechungsdauern, dass keine störenden Druckregelschwankungen im Pulverförderkreislauf angestoßen werden, mithin die Unterdrückung des Partikelinjektion in die Düse vom Pulverfördersystem bzw. dessen Regler unbemerkt erfolgt. FIG 2 FIG. 3 shows a cold gas spray system 100 based on the embodiment from FIG FIG 1 . Here, after the buffer 180, a further particle line 13C was provided, which is connected to the particle storage 131 and thus returns the accumulating gas with the unused particles. Since the particle storage 131 can also be under pressure, the conveying gas with the particles, which is then under approximately the same pressure, can be returned to the particle storage 131 via the particle line 13C. The buffer 180 can also be omitted and the particle line 13B and particle line 13C can be connected directly to one another. This is the case, for example, if the line lengths of lines 13B and 13C are sufficient and / or short interruption times are required. The line length, possibly in connection with the additional buffer 180, has the advantageous effect, with sufficiently short interruption times, that no disruptive pressure control fluctuations are triggered in the powder feed circuit, so that the particle injection into the nozzle is suppressed unnoticed by the powder feed system or its controller.

FIG 3 zeigt einen Aktor 22, der in diesem Fall als eine Art Blende, zum Beispiel als ein rundes Blech mit ein oder mehreren Aussparungen ausgestaltet ist. Durch Rotation mittels eines Drehantriebs 220 kann der Aktor 22 so verstellt werden, dass ein Partikelstrahl, der aus der Düse 110 austritt, nicht auf das Substrat trifft. Dabei ist zu erwähnen, dass die Zeichnung nur schematisch ist und die als mechanische Elemente ausgebildeten Aktoren 22 auch deutlich kompakter realisiert werden können. FIG 3 shows an actuator 22, which in this case is designed as a type of screen, for example as a round sheet metal with one or more cutouts. By rotating by means of a rotary drive 220, the actuator 22 can be adjusted in such a way that a particle beam emerging from the nozzle 110 does not strike the substrate. It should be mentioned here that the drawing is only schematic and that the actuators 22, which are designed as mechanical elements, can also be implemented in a significantly more compact manner.

In FIG 4 ist ein ähnliches Konzept eines Aktors 23 zu sehen, der hier als Trommel ausgebildet ist und Umlenkkanäle 230 aufweist. Die Umlenkkanäle lenken den Partikelstrahl aus der Düse 110 aus dem Fokusbereich und haben somit ebenfalls den Effekt, dass der Partikelstrahl kurzzeitig unterbrochen werden kann. Als Alternative oder ergänzend zu den Umlenkkanälen 230 können in der Trommel bzw. in dem zylinderförmigen Aktor 23 auch Sacklöcher vorgesehen sein, die zum kurzfristigen Aufnehmen des Partikelstrahls und seiner Partikel ausgebildet sind.In FIG 4 a similar concept of an actuator 23 can be seen, which is designed here as a drum and has deflection channels 230. The deflection channels direct the particle beam from the nozzle 110 out of the focus area and thus also have the effect that the particle beam is briefly interrupted can. As an alternative or in addition to the deflection channels 230, blind holes can also be provided in the drum or in the cylindrical actuator 23, which are designed for briefly receiving the particle beam and its particles.

Zusammenfassend betrifft die Erfindung eine Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) zum Erzeugen eines einstellbaren Partikelstrahls (50) und ein Verfahren zum Steuern einer solchen Kaltgasspritzanlage (100). Um den Partikelstrahl (50) der Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) während des laufenden Betriebs gezielt zu steuern, insbesondere kurzfristig zu deaktivieren wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) eine Düse (110), aus der der Partikelstrahl (50) austritt, eine Zuführeinrichtung (130) zum Zuführen eines Partikelstroms (40) zur Düse (110) und ein oder mehrere Aktoren (21, 22, 23) aufweist, die so ausgebildet sind, dass der Partikelstrom (40) und/oder der Partikelstrahl (50) im laufenden Betrieb zeitweise verringert, insbesondere zeitweise unterbrochen werden kann. Bezugszeichen: Gasquelle 20 Gasleitung 12 Partikelleitungen 13, 13A, 13B, 13C Partikelstrom 40 Partikelstrahl 50 Kaltgasspritzanlage 100 Düse 110 Zuführeinrichtung 130 Partikelspeicher 131 Aktor 21, 22, 23 Antrieb 220 Umlenkkanal 230 Öffnung 240 erste Stellung A zweite Stellung B Puffer 180 Steuervorrichtung CTRL In summary, the invention relates to a cold gas spray system (100) for generating an adjustable particle beam (50) and a method for controlling such a cold gas spray system (100). In order to specifically control the particle jet (50) of the cold gas spray system (100) during operation, in particular to deactivate it for a short time, it is proposed that the cold gas spray system (100) have a nozzle (110) from which the particle beam (50) emerges, a feed device ( 130) for feeding a particle stream (40) to the nozzle (110) and one or more actuators (21, 22, 23) which are designed so that the particle stream (40) and / or the particle beam (50) during operation temporarily reduced, in particular can be temporarily interrupted. Reference number: Gas source 20th Gas pipe 12th Particle lines 13, 13A, 13B, 13C Particle flow 40 Particle beam 50 Cold gas spray system 100 jet 110 Feeding device 130 Particle storage 131 Actuator 21, 22, 23 drive 220 Deflection channel 230 opening 240 first position A. second position B. buffer 180 Control device CTRL

Claims (15)

Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) zum Erzeugen eines einstellbaren Partikelstrahls (50), aufweisend eine Düse (110), aus der der Partikelstrahl (50) austritt, eine Zuführeinrichtung (130) zum Zuführen eines Partikelstroms (40) zur Düse (110) und ein oder mehrere Aktoren (21, 22, 23), die so ausgebildet sind, dass der Partikelstrom (40) und/oder der Partikelstrahl (50) im laufenden Betrieb zeitweise verringert, insbesondere zeitweise unterbrochen werden kann.Cold gas spray system (100) for generating an adjustable particle jet (50), having a nozzle (110) from which the particle jet (50) emerges, a feed device (130) for feeding a particle stream (40) to the nozzle (110) and one or more Actuators (21, 22, 23) which are designed so that the particle flow (40) and / or the particle beam (50) can be temporarily reduced, in particular temporarily interrupted, during operation. Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) nach Anspruch 1, wobei zumindest einer der Aktoren (21, 22, 23) der Zuführeinrichtung (130) nachgeschaltet ist.Cold gas spray system (100) according to Claim 1, at least one of the actuators (21, 22, 23) being connected downstream of the feed device (130). Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei zumindest einer der Aktoren (21, 22, 23) als ein Ventil ausgebildet ist, das insbesondere zwischen der Zuführeinrichtung (130) und der Düse (110) angeordnet ist.Cold gas spray system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the actuators (21, 22, 23) is designed as a valve which is arranged in particular between the feed device (130) and the nozzle (110). Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei zumindest einer der Aktoren (21, 22, 23) als ein Ventil ausgebildet ist, das so angeordnet ist, dass der Partikelstrom (40) zurück in die Zuführeinrichtung (130) geleitet wird.Cold gas spray system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the actuators (21, 22, 23) is designed as a valve which is arranged such that the particle stream (40) is directed back into the feed device (130). Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, aufweisend zumindest einen Puffer (180) der zumindest zum temporären Puffern des Partikelstroms (40) ausgebildet ist.Cold gas spray system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, having at least one buffer (180) which is designed at least for temporarily buffering the particle flow (40). Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei zumindest einer der Aktoren (21, 22, 23) so ausgebildet ist, in einer ersten Stellung (A) den Partikelstrom (40) der Düse (110) zuzuführen und in einer zweiten Stellung (B) den Partikelstrom in einen Puffer (180) zu leiten.Cold gas spray system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the actuators (21, 22, 23) is designed to feed the particle stream (40) to the nozzle (110) in a first position (A) and in a second position ( B) to direct the particle stream into a buffer (180). Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, aufweisend eine Steuervorrichtung (CTRL), die zum Einstellen einer Förderrate der Zuführeinrichtung (130) in Abhängigkeit von zumindest einem Zustand eines der Aktoren (21, 22, 23) ausgebildet ist.Cold gas spray system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, having a control device (CTRL) which is designed to set a delivery rate of the feed device (130) as a function of at least one state of one of the actuators (21, 22, 23). Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, aufweisend eine Steuervorrichtung (CTRL), die zum Einstellen einer Förderrate der Zuführeinrichtung (130) in Abhängigkeit von zumindest einer Verfahrgeschwindigkeit der Düse (110) ausgebildet ist.Cold gas spray system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, having a control device (CTRL) which is designed to set a delivery rate of the feed device (130) as a function of at least one travel speed of the nozzle (110). Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei Partikelleitungen (13, 13A, 13B) als Puffer (180) ausgebildet sind.Cold gas spray system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein particle lines (13, 13A, 13B) are designed as buffers (180). Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei zumindest einer der Aktoren (21, 22, 23) derart ausgestaltet ist, dass eine Verfahrgeschwindigkeit der Düse (110) abhängig von der zeitweisen Verringerung, insbesondere Unterbrechung, des Partikelstrahls (50) und/oder des Partikelstroms (40) einstellbar ist.Cold gas spray system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the actuators (21, 22, 23) is designed in such a way that a travel speed of the nozzle (110) is dependent on the temporary reduction, in particular interruption, of the particle beam (50) and / or the particle flow (40) is adjustable. Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei zumindest einer der Aktoren (21, 22, 23) als mechanisches Element (23, 24) ausgestaltet ist, das den Partikelstrahl (50) nach Austritt aus der Düse (110) blockiert und/oder umlenkt.Cold gas spray system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the actuators (21, 22, 23) is designed as a mechanical element (23, 24) which blocks the particle beam (50) after it emerges from the nozzle (110) and / or diverts. Verfahren zum Steuern einer Kaltgasspritzanlage (100) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Partikelstrom (40) durch eine Zuführeinrichtung (130) bereitgestellt wird, wobei zumindest ein Aktor (21, 22, 23) im laufenden Betrieb zum zumindest zeitweisen Verringern, insbesondere zeitweisen Unterbrechen des Partikelstroms (40) und/oder des Partikelstrahls (50) angesteuert wird.Method for controlling a cold gas spray system (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a particle flow (40) is provided by a feed device (130), at least one actuator (21, 22, 23) during operation for at least temporary reduction, in particular temporarily Interrupting the particle flow (40) and / or the particle beam (50) is controlled. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei zumindest einer der Aktoren (21, 22, 23) abhängig von einer Verfahrgeschwindigkeit der Düse (110) angesteuert wird.Method according to Claim 11, in which at least one of the actuators (21, 22, 23) is activated as a function of a travel speed of the nozzle (110). Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, wobei zumindest ein Aktor (21, 22, 23) abhängig von einer Förderrate der Zuführeinrichtung (130) angesteuert wird.Method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein at least one actuator (21, 22, 23) is controlled as a function of a delivery rate of the feed device (130). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, wobei eine Förderrate der Zuführeinrichtung (130) abhängig von einem Zustand zumindest eines Aktors (21, 22, 23) gesteuert wird.Method according to one of Claims 11 to 13, a delivery rate of the feed device (130) being controlled as a function of a state of at least one actuator (21, 22, 23).
EP19196216.6A 2019-09-09 2019-09-09 Cold gas injection system with adjustable particle beam Withdrawn EP3789516A1 (en)

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EP19196216.6A EP3789516A1 (en) 2019-09-09 2019-09-09 Cold gas injection system with adjustable particle beam
US17/641,623 US20220347702A1 (en) 2019-09-09 2020-08-13 Cold Gas Spraying System Having an Adjustable Particle Jet
EP20764022.8A EP3990681B1 (en) 2019-09-09 2020-08-13 Cold gas injection system with adjustable particle beam
PCT/EP2020/072771 WO2021047855A1 (en) 2019-09-09 2020-08-13 Cold gas spraying system having an adjustable particle jet
CN202080062693.0A CN114375350A (en) 2019-09-09 2020-08-13 Cold gas spraying device with adjustable particle beam

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EP3990681B1 (en) 2023-09-27

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