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EP3752688A1 - Method for producing composite floors, and composite floor - Google Patents

Method for producing composite floors, and composite floor

Info

Publication number
EP3752688A1
EP3752688A1 EP19710573.7A EP19710573A EP3752688A1 EP 3752688 A1 EP3752688 A1 EP 3752688A1 EP 19710573 A EP19710573 A EP 19710573A EP 3752688 A1 EP3752688 A1 EP 3752688A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
wood
composite ceiling
wooden
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19710573.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3752688B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Engelhart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3752688A1 publication Critical patent/EP3752688A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3752688B1 publication Critical patent/EP3752688B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
    • E04B2005/235—Wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations having a special form
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab
    • E04B2005/237—Separate connecting elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the production of composite ceilings, in which wooden elements are placed directly next to each other on supports and connected to each other, wherein by applying a concrete layer, a composite ceiling is produced.
  • the present invention also relates to a composite ceiling, with a plurality of juxtaposed wooden elements, on which fasteners are attached, and with a concrete layer, which is arranged on the wooden elements and which is provided with reinforcing elements.
  • wooden beams should be included, which may be constructed in one piece or glued from boards, but also plate-shaped elements, which may be constructed, for example, multi-layered. In any case, a single wood element typically spans the area between two supports and as a rule several wood elements are arranged next to one another.
  • composite ceilings In which typically a lower section of wood and an overlying section of concrete are produced.
  • An advantage of such composite ceilings is that the wood layer serves as a lost formwork and thus the production is simplified.
  • the wood layer represents a structural advantage for the room below the ceiling.
  • composite ceilings make use of the high tensile strength of wood and the fact that the entire cross-section of the wood can absorb tensile forces, which in contrast to a pure concrete pavement, in which tensile forces can essentially only be absorbed by the reinforcement.
  • the wood is essentially subjected to tension and the concrete is subjected to pressure, so that the advantageous properties of these building materials are optimally utilized.
  • DE 198 18 525 A discloses a wood-concrete composite element in which a wood layer is composed of a plurality of square timbers, which is connected via connecting elements with a concrete layer. In addition, reinforcing elements are provided within the concrete layer. These are already necessary to avoid cracks in the concrete layer due to shrinkage during curing. With such a composite ceiling, the advantages described above can be achieved. The strength and in particular However, the rigidity of such a composite ceiling is inadequate for some applications. Therefore, in some cases too much thickness of the material layers is required to meet the given requirements.
  • a particular disadvantage of the known solutions lies in the fact that the wood layer due to the poor connection with the concrete layer also leads to a pressure load on the wood, which can typically only be insufficiently absorbed compared with a tensile load.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to provide a method for producing a composite ceiling and a special composite ceiling, so that the strength and rigidity of the composite ceiling can be increased under otherwise identical conditions.
  • this is achieved by a method in which connecting elements are fastened to the wooden elements and then reinforcement elements are placed on the connecting elements, the reinforcing elements are connected without play to the connecting elements.
  • the composite ceiling according to the invention is characterized in that the reinforcing elements are connected to the connecting elements without play, independently of the concrete layer.
  • the essential advantage of the present invention is that the transmission of shear forces between wood and concrete is effected not only by the connecting elements, as is the case in the prior art, but also by the reinforcing elements, wherein the connecting elements as Zwi - act members.
  • An essential aspect of the invention is that the connecting elements and the reinforcing elements are connected to each other directly and without the possibility of relative movement, so that the force transmission begins to act already with a minimal deformation of the composite ceiling.
  • a limited relative movement between wood and concrete can take place without any significant shearing forces being transmitted.
  • the composite ceiling can be treated as a homogeneous support, except that the elastic modulus may vary in the thickness direction.
  • the forces are introduced from the wood layer via the connecting elements over a large area in the concrete layer.
  • the materials can be optimally utilized to optimize the carrying capacity.
  • the wood layer is loaded solely or at least predominantly on train, the entire cross section is available for receiving the load. An unfavorable compressive stress is thereby avoided.
  • a connecting element is inserted into a groove which is formed by two adjacent wooden elements.
  • a force transmission between a connecting element and the adjacent wooden elements is effected not only by the nails or clamps with which the connection is made, but also in a form-fitting manner via the flanks of the groove and the connecting element fitting thereto.
  • the reinforcing elements are inserted in receiving grooves of the connecting elements.
  • the connection can be produced in a simple manner by placing the reinforcing elements, typically in the form of conventional reinforcing steel grids, on the connecting elements and hammering them into the grooves.
  • the receiving grooves of adjacent connecting elements are aligned accordingly, so that only minimal deformation of the reinforcing steel grids is required in order to establish the connection.
  • a particularly rigid structure of the composite floor can be achieved by connecting a reinforcement element to a plurality of connecting elements.
  • one-piece solid wood beams as wood elements, it can after laying to minor height variations in the middle Area of the ceiling come because the individual bars are not completely straight.
  • a completely flat underside of the ceiling can be ensured, in particular, by aligning the wooden elements in the vertical direction before fastening the connecting elements. This can for example be done so that individual beams that project downwards, are placed in the middle to push them slightly upwards.
  • the wood elements are preferably provided with a hydrophobic protective layer before the concrete layer is applied.
  • a substantial reduction in the water absorption of the wood elements during production can be achieved, which reduces the risk of undesired deformations.
  • the construction of the composite ceiling largely at the construction site, that is, first placing the wood elements on the supports, then attaching the connecting elements, and then connecting the reinforcing elements to the connecting elements, after which the concrete layer is applied.
  • several wooden elements can already be connected to larger units with connecting elements when they are delivered to the construction site.
  • reinforcing elements or even the concrete layer can be applied. In this way, the work on the site can be simplified and accelerated.
  • a structurally particularly favored embodiment variant of the invention is characterized in that the wooden elements are chamfered on their upper side, so that two adjacent wooden elements form a V-shaped groove extending in the longitudinal direction.
  • a non-positive and positive connection with the connecting elements can be achieved. This is advantageous, in particular, when the connecting elements are designed as V-shaped profiles.
  • a statically particularly advantageous solution provides that the connecting elements are arranged parallel to the wooden elements. As a result, thrust forces can be transmitted over the entire length of the wood elements to the concrete layer.
  • the connecting elements are formed as profiles which have longitudinally extending webs in which receiving grooves are provided. In addition to optimum power transmission, the necessary spacing of the reinforcing elements from the boundary of the concrete layer can be ensured in this way.
  • the webs extending in the longitudinal direction have recesses between the receiving grooves. This additionally improves the adhesion within the concrete.
  • the reinforcing elements are designed as Baustahlgitter.
  • the reinforcement can be produced simply and in all directions.
  • a particularly favorable embodiment variant of the invention provides that milling cuts are provided in the wood elements on a surface facing the concrete layer.
  • the shear forces between the wooden elements and the concrete layer are transmitted not only via the connecting elements, but also directly on the boundary surface, so that an additional increase in strength and flexural rigidity can be achieved.
  • the milled cuts are wedge-shaped.
  • the wedges are provided in particular in the end regions in such a way that the base in the position of use rises towards the center and on the side facing the end a support surface is provided which absorbs the pushing forces from the concrete layer when the composite ceiling is loaded. In particular, this allows increased safety in the event of fire if the connecting elements fail due to excessive heating.
  • cut-outs explained above also provide additional safety in the event of a fire if the connecting elements begin to fail due to extreme heating after prolonged exposure to fire, since then the shear forces can still be transferred.
  • a sealing element is provided between two adjacent wooden elements. This prevents concrete water from seeping through between the two wooden elements during manufacture and creating unsightly discoloration on the underside.
  • a sealing element for example, a bead of fire-retardant intumescent acrylic is applied to the bottom of the V-shaped groove.
  • the fire resistance can be increased in particular by providing a fire protection element between two adjacent wooden elements.
  • This is in particular designed to be intumescent, ie it foams at Er- heat and prevents fire from burning into the gap between two wooden elements and prematurely destroying the wooden beams or exposing the connectors to heating that causes failure.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment variant of a composite ceiling according to the invention in an oblique view with partially broken away components
  • Fig. 2 is a detail of the embodiment of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the composite ceiling of FIGS. 1 to 3; FIG.
  • Fig. 5 shows schematically a composite ceiling according to the invention of Fig. 1 to
  • Fig. 6 shows another detail
  • Fig. 9 shows a detail of another embodiment.
  • Fig. 1 a portion of a composite ceiling according to the invention is shown with partially omitted components.
  • the composite ceiling consists of several wooden elements 1, which are designed as wooden beams arranged parallel to each other.
  • a connecting element 2 is provided on the upper side, which is designed as a profile running parallel to the wooden elements 1.
  • Reinforcing elements 3 in the form of structural steel gratings are connected to the connecting elements 2 in such a way that the reinforcing elements 3 run just above the wooden elements 1 parallel to them.
  • a concrete layer 4 is provided above the wooden elements 1, which surrounds the reinforcing elements 3.
  • the wooden elements 1 have a substantially rectangular cross-section, wherein the upper two corners are chamfered, so that in each case two adjacent wooden elements 1 form a V-shaped groove 5 with a triangular cross-section.
  • an equally V-shaped profile with legs 6a, 6b is adapted in each case, which forms a connecting element 2.
  • a web 7 is integrally formed, which in the longitudinal direction alternately upwardly projecting portions 7a and therebetween horizontally projecting mounting portions 7b.
  • the connecting elements 2 are connected by nails 8 with the wooden elements 1, which are driven on the one hand obliquely into the V-shaped groove 5 and on the other hand vertically through the mounting portions 7b in the wooden elements 1.
  • screws or clamps are possible.
  • gluing of the connecting elements 2 with the wooden elements 1 can be provided.
  • connection element 2 can also be placed flat on the top of a wooden element 1, to ensure the intimate connection of the wood element 1 with the concrete layer.
  • receiving grooves 9 are provided, in which the reinforcing elements 3 are received by clamping, so that they are even before insertion of the concrete without play with the connection elements 2 and thus connected to the wood elements 1. It is essential for the invention that due to the tight fit, there is always adhesion and positive locking between the reinforcing elements 3 and the connecting elements 2, so that an immediate force transmission is ensured.
  • the reinforcing elements are typically hammered into the receiving grooves 9 during production.
  • the wood elements 1 have milled recesses 10, which are machined on the concrete layer 4 facing upper sides 11 in end portions 12 of the wood elements 1.
  • the milled recesses 10 are wedge-shaped and have a base 13 rising to the middle of the wood elements 1, so that in the direction of the ends 5 a support surface 14 is formed, can be transferred to the shear forces from the concrete layer 4.
  • the concrete layer 4 can also be supported on the wooden elements 1 via the sections projecting into the milled-in sections 10 and thus transmit additional shear forces. These shear forces act outwards, so that the support surfaces 14 can transfer them effectively.
  • the composite floor according to the invention is mounted at its ends on supports 15 shown only in FIG.
  • a fire protection element 17 in the form of a spring is inserted between two adjacent wooden elements 1, which prevents a fire from rapidly spreading upwards from the bottom view 16 between the two wooden elements 1 .
  • the fire protection element 17 is formed intumescent.
  • a sealing element 18 may be provided in the region of the bottom of the groove 5, which prevents concrete water from seeping down between the two wooden elements 1 when the concrete is applied, and the substrate 16 is impaired by discoloration.
  • This sealing element 18 may also have an intumescent section in order to additionally provide fire protection.
  • the sealing element 18 may be arranged in the form of a bead of sealing material at the bottom of the groove 5.
  • FIG. 9 differs only in the embodiment of the connecting elements 2, which is why only one is shown.
  • recesses 19 are present between the upwardly projecting sections 7a and thus also between the receiving grooves 9, which ensure a continuous traction in the concrete, also transversely to the connecting elements 2.
  • the composite ceiling can be produced by placing the wooden elements 1 individually on supports 15 and then applying the connecting elements 2 and the reinforcing elements 3, after which the concrete layer 4 is produced. However, prefabrication may also take place, so that a plurality of interconnected wooden elements 1 are already placed on the supports 15 and thereafter the connecting elements 2 and the reinforcing elements 3 are already mounted.
  • the concrete layer 4 may optionally already be applied and cured.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing composite floors, in which timber elements (1) are placed directly next to one another on supports and connected to one another, and a composite floor is produced by applying a concrete layer (4). A low flexure is achieved according to the invention in that the connecting elements (2) are fastened to the timber elements (1) and then reinforcing elements (3) are placed on the connecting elements (3), wherein the reinforcing elements (2) are connected to the connecting elements (2) in a play-free manner.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbunddecken und Verbunddecke  Method for producing composite ceilings and composite ceiling
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbunddecken, bei dem Holzelemente unmittelbar nebeneinander auf Auflagern aufgelegt und miteinan- der verbunden werden, wobei durch Aufbringen einer Betonschicht eine Verbund- decke hergestellt wird. The invention relates to a method for the production of composite ceilings, in which wooden elements are placed directly next to each other on supports and connected to each other, wherein by applying a concrete layer, a composite ceiling is produced.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft auch eine Verbunddecke, mit mehreren neben- einander angeordneten Holzelementen, auf denen Verbindungselemente ange- bracht sind, und mit einer Betonschicht, die auf den Holzelementen angeordnet ist und die mit Bewehrungselementen versehen ist. The present invention also relates to a composite ceiling, with a plurality of juxtaposed wooden elements, on which fasteners are attached, and with a concrete layer, which is arranged on the wooden elements and which is provided with reinforcing elements.
Als Holzelemente im obigen Sinn sollen Holzbalken umfasst sein, die einstückig aufgebaut oder auch aus Brettern verleimt sein können, aber auch plattenför- mige Elemente, die beispielsweise mehrschichtig aufgebaut sein können. Jeden- falls überspannt ein einzelnes Holzelement typischerweise den Bereich zwischen zwei Auflagern und es sind in der Regel mehrere Holzelemente nebeneinander angeordnet. As wooden elements in the above sense wooden beams should be included, which may be constructed in one piece or glued from boards, but also plate-shaped elements, which may be constructed, for example, multi-layered. In any case, a single wood element typically spans the area between two supports and as a rule several wood elements are arranged next to one another.
Es ist bereits bekannt, Gebäudedecken als sogenannte Verbunddecken auszufüh- ren, bei denen typischerweise ein unterer Abschnitt aus Holz und ein darüber- liegender Abschnitt aus Beton hergestellt ist. Ein Vorteil solcher Verbunddecken ist, dass die Holzschicht als verlorene Schalung dient und damit die Herstellung vereinfacht ist. Die Holzschicht stellt einen bauphysikalischen Vorteil für den un- terhalb der Decke liegenden Raum dar. In Hinblick and Festigkeit und Steifigkeit nützen Verbunddecken die hohe Zugfestigkeit von Holz und die Tatsache, dass der gesamte Querschnitt des Holzes Zugkräfte übernehmen kann, was im Ge- gensatz zu einer reinen Betondecke ist, bei der Zugkräfte im Wesentlichen nur durch die Bewehrung aufgenommen werden können. Bei einer Verbunddecke wird das Holz im Wesentlichen auf Zug und der Beton im Wesentlichen auf Druck beansprucht, so dass die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften dieser Baustoffe optimal genutzt werden. It is already known to construct building ceilings as so-called composite ceilings, in which typically a lower section of wood and an overlying section of concrete are produced. An advantage of such composite ceilings is that the wood layer serves as a lost formwork and thus the production is simplified. The wood layer represents a structural advantage for the room below the ceiling. In terms of strength and rigidity, composite ceilings make use of the high tensile strength of wood and the fact that the entire cross-section of the wood can absorb tensile forces, which in contrast to a pure concrete pavement, in which tensile forces can essentially only be absorbed by the reinforcement. In the case of a composite floor, the wood is essentially subjected to tension and the concrete is subjected to pressure, so that the advantageous properties of these building materials are optimally utilized.
Die DE 198 18 525 A offenbart ein Holz-Beton-Verbundelement, bei dem eine Holzschicht aus einer Vielzahl von Kanthölzern zusammengesetzt ist, die über Verbindungselemente mit einer Betonschicht in Verbindung steht. Zusätzlich da- zu sind Bewehrungselemente innerhalb der Betonschicht vorgesehen. Diese sind schon deswegen notwendig, um Risse in der Betonschicht durch das Schwinden während der Aushärtung zu vermeiden. Mit einer solchen Verbunddecke können die oben beschriebenen Vorteile erreicht werden. Die Festigkeit und insbesondere die Steifigkeit einer solchen Verbunddecke ist aber für manche Anwendungen unzureichend. Daher ist in manchen Fällen eine zu große Dicke der Material- schichten erforderlich, um die gegebenen Anforderungen zu erfüllen. DE 198 18 525 A discloses a wood-concrete composite element in which a wood layer is composed of a plurality of square timbers, which is connected via connecting elements with a concrete layer. In addition, reinforcing elements are provided within the concrete layer. These are already necessary to avoid cracks in the concrete layer due to shrinkage during curing. With such a composite ceiling, the advantages described above can be achieved. The strength and in particular However, the rigidity of such a composite ceiling is inadequate for some applications. Therefore, in some cases too much thickness of the material layers is required to meet the given requirements.
Ähnliche Varianten sind auch aus der WO 2009/150589 A, der EP 0 352 566 A und der DE 102 54 043 A bekannt. Similar variants are also known from WO 2009/150589 A, EP 0 352 566 A and DE 102 54 043 A.
Ein besonderer Nachteil der bekannten Lösungen liegt darin, dass die Holzschicht aufgrund der mangelhaften Verbindung mit der Betonschicht auch zu einer Druckbelastung des Holzes kommt, die verglichen mit einer Zugbelastung typi- scherweise nur unzureichend aufgenommen werden kann. A particular disadvantage of the known solutions lies in the fact that the wood layer due to the poor connection with the concrete layer also leads to a pressure load on the wood, which can typically only be insufficiently absorbed compared with a tensile load.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbunddecke und eine besondere Verbunddecke anzugeben, so dass die Festigkeit und Steifigkeit der Verbunddecke unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen gesteigert werden kann. The object of the present invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to provide a method for producing a composite ceiling and a special composite ceiling, so that the strength and rigidity of the composite ceiling can be increased under otherwise identical conditions.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch ein Verfahren erreicht, bei dem Verbindungs- elemente auf den Holzelementen befestigt werden und danach Bewehrungsele- mente auf die Verbindungselemente aufgelegt werden, die Bewehrungselemente spielfrei mit den Verbindungselementen verbunden werden. According to the invention, this is achieved by a method in which connecting elements are fastened to the wooden elements and then reinforcement elements are placed on the connecting elements, the reinforcing elements are connected without play to the connecting elements.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbunddecke ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Be- wehrungselemente unabhängig von der Betonschicht spielfrei mit den Verbin- dungselementen verbunden sind. The composite ceiling according to the invention is characterized in that the reinforcing elements are connected to the connecting elements without play, independently of the concrete layer.
Der wesentliche Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, dass die Über- tragung von Scherkräften zwischen Holz und Beton nicht nur durch die Verbin- dungselemente erfolgt, wie dies beim Stand der Technik der Fall ist, sondern auch durch die Bewehrungselemente, wobei die Verbindungselemente als Zwi- schenglieder wirken. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Erfindung ist dabei, dass die Verbindungselemente und die Bewehrungselemente direkt und ohne Möglichkeit einer Relativbewegung miteinander verbunden sind, so dass die Kraftübertra- gung bereits bei einer minimalen Verformung der Verbunddecke zu wirken be- ginnt. Im Fall einer indirekten Verbindung über die Betonschicht wie beim Stand der Technik kann eine begrenzte Relativbewegung Zwischen Holz und Beton stattfinden, ohne dass nennenswerte Scherkräfte übertragen werden. Dadurch können sich am Beginn einer Belastung die Holzschicht und die Betonschicht ver- formen, ohne dass nennenswerte Kräfte zwischen ihnen übertragen werden, was nicht nur zu einer verringerten Festigkeit, sondern auch zu einer erhöhten Durchbiegung unter Belastung führt. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung findet eine solche Übertragung von Scher- kräften an der Grenze zwischen Beton und Holz bereits bei minimaler Durchbie- gung und daher bei minimaler Belastung statt. Daher kann die Verbunddecke im Prinzip wie ein homogener Träger behandelt werden, wenn man davon absieht, dass das Elastizitätsmodul in Dickenrichtung variieren kann. The essential advantage of the present invention is that the transmission of shear forces between wood and concrete is effected not only by the connecting elements, as is the case in the prior art, but also by the reinforcing elements, wherein the connecting elements as Zwi - act members. An essential aspect of the invention is that the connecting elements and the reinforcing elements are connected to each other directly and without the possibility of relative movement, so that the force transmission begins to act already with a minimal deformation of the composite ceiling. In the case of an indirect connection via the concrete layer as in the prior art, a limited relative movement between wood and concrete can take place without any significant shearing forces being transmitted. As a result, at the beginning of a load, the wood layer and the concrete layer can be deformed without appreciable forces being transmitted between them, which leads not only to a reduced strength, but also to an increased deflection under load. In the solution according to the invention, such a transfer of shear forces takes place at the boundary between concrete and wood even with minimal deflection and therefore with minimum load. Therefore, in principle, the composite ceiling can be treated as a homogeneous support, except that the elastic modulus may vary in the thickness direction.
Es ist auch ein wichtiger Aspekt der Erfindung, dass die Kräfte von der Holz- schicht über die Verbindungselemente großflächig in die Betonschicht eingeleitet werden. Dadurch können die Materialien bestmöglich zur Optimierung der Trag- kraft ausgenutzt werden. Die Holzschicht wird ausschließlich oder zumindest weit überwiegend auf Zug belastet, wobei der gesamte Querschnitt für die Aufnahme der Last zur Verfügung steht. Eine ungünstige Druckbeanspruchung wird dadurch vermieden. It is also an important aspect of the invention that the forces are introduced from the wood layer via the connecting elements over a large area in the concrete layer. As a result, the materials can be optimally utilized to optimize the carrying capacity. The wood layer is loaded solely or at least predominantly on train, the entire cross section is available for receiving the load. An unfavorable compressive stress is thereby avoided.
Als besonders günstig hat es sich herausgestellt, wenn ein Verbindungselement jeweils zur Verbindung von zwei benachbarten Holzelementen eingesetzt wird. Es ist an sich möglich, Verbindungselemente nur zur Verbindung eines Holzelements mit der Bewehrung vorzusehen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist jedoch die doppelte Verwendung der Verbindungselemente. It has proven to be particularly favorable when a connecting element is used in each case for the connection of two adjacent wooden elements. It is in itself possible to provide fasteners only for connecting a wooden element with the reinforcement. However, the double use of the connecting elements is particularly advantageous.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn ein Verbindungs- element in eine Nut eingesetzt wird, die von zwei benachbarten Holzelementen ausgebildet ist. Dadurch wird eine Kraftübertragung zwischen einem Verbin- dungselement und den benachbarten Holzelementen nicht nur durch die Nägel oder Klammern erfolgt, mit denen die Verbindung hegestellt ist, sondern auch formschlüssig über die Flanken der Nut und das daran anliegende Verbindungs- element. In this context, it is particularly advantageous if a connecting element is inserted into a groove which is formed by two adjacent wooden elements. As a result, a force transmission between a connecting element and the adjacent wooden elements is effected not only by the nails or clamps with which the connection is made, but also in a form-fitting manner via the flanks of the groove and the connecting element fitting thereto.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Bewehrungselemente in Aufnahmenuten der Verbindungselemente eingesetzt werden. Dadurch kann insbesondere auf der Baustelle die Verbindung auf einfach Weise dadurch hergestellt werden, dass die Bewehrungselemente, typischerweise in der Form üblicher Baustahlgitter, auf die Verbindungselemente aufgelegt werden und in die Nuten eingeschlagen werden. Dabei ist es hilfreich, wenn die Aufnahmenuten benachbarter Verbindungsele- mente entsprechend ausgerichtet sind, so dass nur eine minimale Verformung der Baustahlgitter erforderlich ist, um die Verbindung herzustellen. It is particularly preferred if the reinforcing elements are inserted in receiving grooves of the connecting elements. As a result, in particular on the construction site, the connection can be produced in a simple manner by placing the reinforcing elements, typically in the form of conventional reinforcing steel grids, on the connecting elements and hammering them into the grooves. In this case, it is helpful if the receiving grooves of adjacent connecting elements are aligned accordingly, so that only minimal deformation of the reinforcing steel grids is required in order to establish the connection.
Eine besonders steife Struktur der Verbunddecke kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass ein Bewehrungselement jeweils mit mehreren Verbindungselementen ver- bunden wird. A particularly rigid structure of the composite floor can be achieved by connecting a reinforcement element to a plurality of connecting elements.
Insbesondere bei Verwendung von einstückigen Vollholzbalken als Holzelemente kann es nach dem Auflegen zu geringfügigen Höhenabweichungen im mittleren Bereich der Decke dadurch kommen, dass die einzelnen Balken nicht völlig gerade sind. Eine vollständig ebene Deckenuntersicht kann insbesondere dadurch gewährleistet werden, dass die Holzelemente vor dem Befestigen der Verbin- dungselemente in Höhenrichtung ausgerichtet werden. Dies kann beispielsweise so durchgeführt werden, dass einzelne Balken, die nach unten vorragen, in der Mitte unterstellt werden, um sie geringfügig nach oben zu drücken. In particular, when using one-piece solid wood beams as wood elements, it can after laying to minor height variations in the middle Area of the ceiling come because the individual bars are not completely straight. A completely flat underside of the ceiling can be ensured, in particular, by aligning the wooden elements in the vertical direction before fastening the connecting elements. This can for example be done so that individual beams that project downwards, are placed in the middle to push them slightly upwards.
Bevorzugt werden die Holzelemente vor dem Aufbringen der Betonschicht mit einer hydrophoben Schutzschicht versehen. Dadurch kann eine wesentliche Re- duktion der Wasseraufnahme der Holzelemente während der Herstellung erreicht werden, was die Gefahr von unerwünschten Verformungen verringert. The wood elements are preferably provided with a hydrophobic protective layer before the concrete layer is applied. As a result, a substantial reduction in the water absorption of the wood elements during production can be achieved, which reduces the risk of undesired deformations.
Es ist bevorzugt, den Aufbau der Verbunddecke weitgehend auf der Baustelle durchzuführen, d.h., dass zunächst die Holzelemente auf die Auflager aufgelegt werden, danach die Verbindungselemente angebracht werden und danach die Bewehrungselemente mit den Verbindungselementen verbunden werden, wonach die Betonschicht aufgebracht wird. Es ist allerdings auch möglich, Teile dieser Tätigkeiten in einem Werk vorzunehmen und die Verbunddecke halbfertig oder fertig auf die Baustelle zu liefern. So können beispielsweise mehrere Holzele- mente bereits mit Verbindungselementen zu größeren Einheiten verbunden sein, wenn sie auf die Baustelle angeliefert werden. Gegebenenfalls können dann auch schon Bewehrungselemente oder sogar die Betonschicht aufgebracht sein. Auf diese Weise können die Arbeiten auf der Baustelle vereinfacht und beschleunigt werden. It is preferable to carry out the construction of the composite ceiling largely at the construction site, that is, first placing the wood elements on the supports, then attaching the connecting elements, and then connecting the reinforcing elements to the connecting elements, after which the concrete layer is applied. However, it is also possible to carry out parts of these activities in one factory and to deliver the composite ceiling half-finished or finished to the construction site. For example, several wooden elements can already be connected to larger units with connecting elements when they are delivered to the construction site. Optionally, then even reinforcing elements or even the concrete layer can be applied. In this way, the work on the site can be simplified and accelerated.
Als besonders günstig hat es sich herausgestellt, wenn die Holzelemente als Voll- holzbalken ausgebildet sind. Dadurch kann eine besonders kostengünstige Lö- sung erreicht werden. It has proved to be particularly favorable if the wooden elements are designed as solid wood beams. As a result, a particularly cost-effective solution can be achieved.
Eine konstruktiv besonders begünstigte Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Holzelemente an ihrer Oberseite abgeschrägt sind, so dass jeweils zwei benachbarte Holzelemente eine V-förmige in Längs- richtung verlaufende Nut ausbilden. Dadurch kann eine kraft- und formschlüssige Verbindung mit den Verbindungselementen erreicht werden. Dies ist insbeson- dere dann vorteilhaft, wenn die Verbindungselemente als V-förmige Profile aus- gebildet sind. A structurally particularly favored embodiment variant of the invention is characterized in that the wooden elements are chamfered on their upper side, so that two adjacent wooden elements form a V-shaped groove extending in the longitudinal direction. As a result, a non-positive and positive connection with the connecting elements can be achieved. This is advantageous, in particular, when the connecting elements are designed as V-shaped profiles.
Eine statisch besonders vorteilhafte Lösung sieht vor, dass die Verbindungsele- mente parallel zu den Holzelementen angeordnet sind. Dadurch können Schub- kräfte über die gesamte Länge der Holzelemente an die Betonschicht übertragen werden. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung sind die Verbin- dungselemente als Profile ausgebildet, die in Längsrichtung verlaufende Stege aufweisen, in denen Aufnahmenuten vorgesehen sind. Neben einer optimalen Kraftübertragung kann auf diese Weise auch der notwendige Abstand der Beweh- rungselemente von der Begrenzung der Betonschicht sichergestellt werden. Be- sonders vorzugsweise weisen die in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Stege zwischen den Aufnahmenuten Ausnehmungen auf. Dadurch wird der Kraftschluss innerhalb des Betons zusätzlich verbessert. A statically particularly advantageous solution provides that the connecting elements are arranged parallel to the wooden elements. As a result, thrust forces can be transmitted over the entire length of the wood elements to the concrete layer. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the connecting elements are formed as profiles which have longitudinally extending webs in which receiving grooves are provided. In addition to optimum power transmission, the necessary spacing of the reinforcing elements from the boundary of the concrete layer can be ensured in this way. Particularly preferably, the webs extending in the longitudinal direction have recesses between the receiving grooves. This additionally improves the adhesion within the concrete.
Vorzugsweise sind die Bewehrungselemente als Baustahlgitter ausgebildet. Da- durch kann die Bewehrung einfach und in alle Richtungen wirkend hergestellt werden. Preferably, the reinforcing elements are designed as Baustahlgitter. As a result, the reinforcement can be produced simply and in all directions.
Eine besonders begünstigte Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung sieht vor, dass in den Holzelementen Einfräsungen an einer der Betonschicht zugewandten Fläche vorgesehen sind. Auf diese Weise werden die Schubkräfte zwischen den Holzele- menten und der Betonschicht nicht nur über die Verbindungselemente übertra- gen, sondern auch direkt an der Begrenzungsfläche, so dass eine zusätzliche Er- höhung von Festigkeit und Biegesteifigkeit erreicht werden kann. Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Einfräsungen keilförmig ausgebildet sind. Die Keile sind insbesondere in den Endbereichen vorgesehen und zwar so, dass der Boden in Gebrauchslage zur Mitte hin ansteigt und an der dem Ende zuge- wandten Seite eine Abstützfläche vorgesehen ist, die die Schubkräfte von der Betonschicht bei Belastung der Verbunddecke aufnimmt. Dies ermöglicht ins- besondere eine erhöhte Sicherheit im Brandfall, wenn die Verbindungselemente durch übermäßige Erwärmung versagen sollten. A particularly favorable embodiment variant of the invention provides that milling cuts are provided in the wood elements on a surface facing the concrete layer. In this way, the shear forces between the wooden elements and the concrete layer are transmitted not only via the connecting elements, but also directly on the boundary surface, so that an additional increase in strength and flexural rigidity can be achieved. It is particularly advantageous if the milled cuts are wedge-shaped. The wedges are provided in particular in the end regions in such a way that the base in the position of use rises towards the center and on the side facing the end a support surface is provided which absorbs the pushing forces from the concrete layer when the composite ceiling is loaded. In particular, this allows increased safety in the event of fire if the connecting elements fail due to excessive heating.
Die oben erläuterten Einfräsungen stellen auch eine zusätzliche Sicherheit im Brandfall dar, falls die Verbindungselemente durch extreme Erhitzung nach län- gerer Feuereinwirkung zu versagen beginnen, da dann noch die Scherkräfte im- mer noch übertragen werden können. The cut-outs explained above also provide additional safety in the event of a fire if the connecting elements begin to fail due to extreme heating after prolonged exposure to fire, since then the shear forces can still be transferred.
Vorzugsweise ist zwischen zwei benachbarten Holzelementen ein Dichtelement vorgesehen. Damit kann verhindert werden, dass Betonwasser während der Her- stellung durch den Zwischenraum zwischen zwei Holzelementen durchsickert und unschöne Verfärbungen auf der Untersicht erzeugt. Als Dichtelement wird bei- spielsweise eine Raupe aus brandhemmendem intumeszierendem Acryl auf den Boden der V-förmigen Nut aufgebracht. Preferably, a sealing element is provided between two adjacent wooden elements. This prevents concrete water from seeping through between the two wooden elements during manufacture and creating unsightly discoloration on the underside. As a sealing element, for example, a bead of fire-retardant intumescent acrylic is applied to the bottom of the V-shaped groove.
Die Brandbeständigkeit kann insbesondere dadurch erhöht werden, dass zwi- schen zwei benachbarten Holzelementen ein Brandschutzelement vorgesehen ist. Dieses ist insbesondere intumeszierend ausgebildet, d.h. es schäumt bei Er- hitzung auf und verhindert, dass Feuer in den Spalt zwischen zwei Holzelementen einbrennt und die Holzbalken vorzeitig zerstört oder die Verbindungselemente einer Erwärmung aussetzt, die zum Versagen führt. The fire resistance can be increased in particular by providing a fire protection element between two adjacent wooden elements. This is in particular designed to be intumescent, ie it foams at Er- heat and prevents fire from burning into the gap between two wooden elements and prematurely destroying the wooden beams or exposing the connectors to heating that causes failure.
In der Folge wird die vorliegende Erfindung anhand der in den Figuren dargestell- ten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen: In the following, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures. Show it:
Fig. 1 schematisch eine erste Ausführungsvariante einer erfindungs- gemäßen Verbunddecke in einer Schrägansicht mit teilweise weg- gebrochenen Bauteilen; 1 schematically shows a first embodiment variant of a composite ceiling according to the invention in an oblique view with partially broken away components;
Fig. 2 ein Detail der Ausführungsvariante von Fig. 1; Fig. 2 is a detail of the embodiment of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 ein weiteres Detail mit teilweise dargestellter Betonschicht; 3 shows a further detail with partially illustrated concrete layer;
Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf die Verbunddecke der Fig. 1 bis Fig. 3; FIG. 4 is a plan view of the composite ceiling of FIGS. 1 to 3; FIG.
Fig. 5 schematisch eine erfindungsgemäße Verbunddecke der Fig. 1 bis Fig. 5 shows schematically a composite ceiling according to the invention of Fig. 1 to
Fig. 4 in einer Schrägansicht mit Auflagern;  4 in an oblique view with supports;
Fig. 6 ein weiteres Detail; Fig. 6 shows another detail;
Fig. 7 eine Schrägansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsvariante von unten; 7 shows an oblique view of a second embodiment variant from below;
Fig. 8 die Ausführungsvariante von Fig. 7 in einer Stirnansicht; und 8 shows the embodiment of Figure 7 in an end view. and
Fig. 9 ein Detail einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante. Fig. 9 shows a detail of another embodiment.
In Fig. 1 ist ein Abschnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbunddecke mit teilweise weggelassen Bauteilen dargestellt. In Fig. 1, a portion of a composite ceiling according to the invention is shown with partially omitted components.
Die Verbunddecke besteht aus mehreren Holzelementen 1, die als parallel zu- einander angeordnete Holzbalken ausgeführt sind. Jeweils zwischen zwei Holz- elementen 1 ist an der Oberseite ein Verbindungselement 2 vorgesehen, das als parallel zu den Holzelementen 1 verlaufendes Profil ausgebildet ist. The composite ceiling consists of several wooden elements 1, which are designed as wooden beams arranged parallel to each other. In each case between two wooden elements 1, a connecting element 2 is provided on the upper side, which is designed as a profile running parallel to the wooden elements 1.
Bewehrungselemente 3 in der Form von Baustahlgittern sind mit den Verbin- dungselementen 2 so verbunden, dass die Bewehrungselemente 3 knapp ober- halb der Holzelemente 1 parallel zu diesen verlaufen. Reinforcing elements 3 in the form of structural steel gratings are connected to the connecting elements 2 in such a way that the reinforcing elements 3 run just above the wooden elements 1 parallel to them.
Wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich, ist oberhalb der Holzelemente 1 eine Betonschicht 4 vorgesehen, die die Bewehrungselemente 3 umgibt. In der Darstellung von Fig. 3 ist diese vorne weggebrochen, um die übrigen Bauteile darstellen zu können. Die Holzelemente 1 haben einen im Wesentlichen rechteckigen Querschnitt, wobei die oberen beiden Ecken abgeschrägt sind, so dass jeweils zwei benach- barte Holzelemente 1 eine V-förmige Nut 5 mit dreieckigem Querschnitt ausbil- den. In diese Nut ist jeweils ein ebenso V-förmiges Profil mit Schenkeln 6a, 6b angepasst, das ein Verbindungselement 2 bildet. An den beiden Enden des Profils ist jeweils ein Steg 7 angeformt, der in Längsrichtung abwechselnd nach oben vorstehende Abschnitte 7a und dazwischen waagrecht abstehende Befestigungs- abschnitte 7b aufweist. As can be seen from FIG. 3, a concrete layer 4 is provided above the wooden elements 1, which surrounds the reinforcing elements 3. In the illustration of Fig. 3, this is broken away at the front to represent the remaining components can. The wooden elements 1 have a substantially rectangular cross-section, wherein the upper two corners are chamfered, so that in each case two adjacent wooden elements 1 form a V-shaped groove 5 with a triangular cross-section. In this groove, an equally V-shaped profile with legs 6a, 6b is adapted in each case, which forms a connecting element 2. At the two ends of the profile in each case a web 7 is integrally formed, which in the longitudinal direction alternately upwardly projecting portions 7a and therebetween horizontally projecting mounting portions 7b.
Die Verbindungselemente 2 sind durch Nägel 8 mit den Holzelementen 1 verbun- den, die einerseits schräg in die V-förmige Nut 5 und andererseits senkrecht durch die Befestigungsabschnitte 7b hindurch in die Holzelemente 1 getrieben sind. Alternativ sind auch Schrauben oder Klammern möglich. Zusätzlich dazu kann eine Verklebung der Verbindungselemente 2 mit den Holzelementen 1 vor- gesehen sein. The connecting elements 2 are connected by nails 8 with the wooden elements 1, which are driven on the one hand obliquely into the V-shaped groove 5 and on the other hand vertically through the mounting portions 7b in the wooden elements 1. Alternatively, screws or clamps are possible. In addition, gluing of the connecting elements 2 with the wooden elements 1 can be provided.
In einer alternativen, hier nicht dargestellten Ausführungsvariante kann ein Ver- bindungselement 2 auch flach auf die Oberseite eines Holzelements 1 aufgesetzt werden, um die innige Verbindung des Holzelements 1 mit der Betonschicht zu gewährleisten. In an alternative, not shown embodiment, a connection element 2 can also be placed flat on the top of a wooden element 1, to ensure the intimate connection of the wood element 1 with the concrete layer.
An der Oberseite der nach oben vorstehenden Abschnitte 7a sind Aufnahmenuten 9 vorgesehen, in denen die Bewehrungselemente 3 klemmend aufgenommen sind, so dass diese auch schon vor Einbringen des Betons spielfrei mit den Ver- bindungselementen 2 und damit mit den Holzelementen 1 verbunden sind. We- sentlich für die Erfindung ist, dass durch die enge Passung stets Kraftschluss und Formschluss zwischen den Bewehrungselemente 3 und den Verbindungselemen- ten 2 gegeben ist, so dass eine unmittelbare Kraftübertragung gewährleistet ist. At the top of the upwardly projecting portions 7a receiving grooves 9 are provided, in which the reinforcing elements 3 are received by clamping, so that they are even before insertion of the concrete without play with the connection elements 2 and thus connected to the wood elements 1. It is essential for the invention that due to the tight fit, there is always adhesion and positive locking between the reinforcing elements 3 and the connecting elements 2, so that an immediate force transmission is ensured.
Die Bewehrungselemente werden bei der Herstellung typischerweise in die Auf- nahmenuten 9 eingeschlagen. The reinforcing elements are typically hammered into the receiving grooves 9 during production.
Die Holzelemente 1 weisen Einfräsungen 10 auf, die an den der Betonschicht 4 zugewandten Oberseiten 11 in Endbereichen 12 der Holzelemente 1 eingearbei- tet sind. Die Einfräsungen 10 sind keilförmig und weisen einen zur Mitte der Holzelemente 1 ansteigenden Boden 13 auf, so dass in Richtung der Enden 5 eine Abstützfläche 14 ausgebildet ist, auf die Scherkräfte aus der Betonschicht 4 übertragen werden können. Auf diese Weise kann sich die Betonschicht 4 bei Be- lastung auch über die in die Einfräsungen 10 vorstehenden Abschnitte an den Holzelementen 1 abstützen und so zusätzliche Scherkräfte übertragen. Dies Scherkräfte wirken nach außen, so dass die Abstützflächen 14 diese wirksam übertragen können. Typischerweise ist die erfindungsgemäße Verbunddecke an ihren Enden auf nur in der Fig. 5 dargestellten Auflagern 15 gelagert. The wood elements 1 have milled recesses 10, which are machined on the concrete layer 4 facing upper sides 11 in end portions 12 of the wood elements 1. The milled recesses 10 are wedge-shaped and have a base 13 rising to the middle of the wood elements 1, so that in the direction of the ends 5 a support surface 14 is formed, can be transferred to the shear forces from the concrete layer 4. In this way, the concrete layer 4 can also be supported on the wooden elements 1 via the sections projecting into the milled-in sections 10 and thus transmit additional shear forces. These shear forces act outwards, so that the support surfaces 14 can transfer them effectively. Typically, the composite floor according to the invention is mounted at its ends on supports 15 shown only in FIG.
Bei der in den Fig. 7 und Fig. 8 dargestellten Ausführungsvarianten ist zwischen zwei benachbarten Holzelementen 1 ein Brandschutzelement 17 in der Form einer Feder eingelegt, das verhindert, dass sich ein Feuer von der Untersicht 16 her zwischen den beiden Holzelementen 1 rasch nach oben ausbreitet. Bevorzug- terweise ist das Brandschutzelement 17 intumeszierend ausgebildet. In the embodiment variants shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a fire protection element 17 in the form of a spring is inserted between two adjacent wooden elements 1, which prevents a fire from rapidly spreading upwards from the bottom view 16 between the two wooden elements 1 , Preferably, the fire protection element 17 is formed intumescent.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann ein Dichtelement 18 im Bereich des Bodens der Nut 5 vorgesehen sein, das verhindert, dass Betonwasser beim Aufbringen des Betons zwischen den beiden Holzelementen 1 nach unten sickert und die Unter- sicht 16 durch Verfärbungen beeinträchtigt. Auch dieses Dichtelement 18 kann einen intumeszierenden Abschnitt aufweisen, um zusätzlich Brandschutz zu bie- ten. Alternativ kann das Dichtelement 18 in der Form einer Raupe aus Dichtma- terial am Boden der Nut 5 angeordnet sein. Alternatively or additionally, a sealing element 18 may be provided in the region of the bottom of the groove 5, which prevents concrete water from seeping down between the two wooden elements 1 when the concrete is applied, and the substrate 16 is impaired by discoloration. This sealing element 18 may also have an intumescent section in order to additionally provide fire protection. Alternatively, the sealing element 18 may be arranged in the form of a bead of sealing material at the bottom of the groove 5.
Die in der Fig. 9 dargestellte Ausführungsvariante unterscheidet sich nur in der Ausgestaltung der Verbindungselemente 2, weshalb nur ein solches dargestellt ist. Es sind dabei nur die nach oben vorstehenden Abschnitte 7a ausgeführt, nicht jedoch waagrecht abstehende Befestigungsabschnitte. Somit liegen zwi- schen den nach oben vorstehenden Abschnitten 7a und damit auch zwischen den Aufnahmenuten 9 Ausnehmungen 19 vor, die einen durchgängigen Kraftschluss im Beton auch quer zu den Verbindungselementen 2 gewährleisten. The embodiment shown in FIG. 9 differs only in the embodiment of the connecting elements 2, which is why only one is shown. There are only the upwardly projecting portions 7a executed, but not horizontally projecting mounting portions. Thus, recesses 19 are present between the upwardly projecting sections 7a and thus also between the receiving grooves 9, which ensure a continuous traction in the concrete, also transversely to the connecting elements 2.
Die Herstellung der Verbunddecke kann erfolgen, indem die Holzelemente 1 ein- zeln auf Auflagern 15 aufgelegt werden und danach die Verbindungselemente 2 und die Bewehrungselemente 3 aufgebracht werden, wonach die Betonschicht 4 hergestellt wird. Es kann aber auch eine Vorfertigung erfolgen, so dass bereits mehrere miteinander verbundene Holzelemente 1 auf die Auflager 15 aufgelegt werden und danach wobei die Verbindungselemente 2 und die Bewehrungsele- mente 3 bereits montiert sind. Auch die Betonschicht 4 kann gegebenenfalls schon aufgebracht und ausgehärtet sein. The composite ceiling can be produced by placing the wooden elements 1 individually on supports 15 and then applying the connecting elements 2 and the reinforcing elements 3, after which the concrete layer 4 is produced. However, prefabrication may also take place, so that a plurality of interconnected wooden elements 1 are already placed on the supports 15 and thereafter the connecting elements 2 and the reinforcing elements 3 are already mounted. The concrete layer 4 may optionally already be applied and cured.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E PATENT APPLICATIONS
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Verbunddecken, bei dem Holzelemente (1) unmittelbar nebeneinander auf Auflagern aufgelegt und miteinander ver- bunden werden, wobei durch Aufbringen einer Betonschicht (4) eine Ver- bunddecke hergestellt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Verbindungs- elemente (2) auf den Holzelementen (1) befestigt werden und danach Be- wehrungselemente (3) auf die Verbindungselemente (2) aufgelegt werden, wobei die Bewehrungselemente (3) spielfrei mit den Verbindungselementen (2) verbunden werden. 1. A method for the production of composite ceilings, in which wood elements (1) are placed directly adjacent to each other on supports and interconnected, wherein by applying a concrete layer (4) a composite ceiling is produced, characterized in that connecting elements (2 ) are fastened to the wooden elements (1) and then reinforcing elements (3) are placed on the connecting elements (2), the reinforcing elements (3) being connected without play to the connecting elements (2).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Verbin- dungselement (2) jeweils zur Verbindung von zwei benachbarten Holzele- menten (1) eingesetzt wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a connecting element (2) is used in each case for the connection of two adjacent wooden elements (1).
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Verbin- dungselement (2) in eine Nut (5) eingesetzt wird, die zwischen zwei be- nachbarten Holzelementen (1) ausgebildet ist. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a connecting element (2) is inserted into a groove (5) which is formed between two adjacent wooden elements (1).
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bewehrungselemente (3) in Aufnahmenuten (9) der Verbindungs- elemente (2) eingesetzt werden. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reinforcing elements (3) in receiving grooves (9) of the connecting elements (2) are used.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Bewehrungselement (3) mit mehreren Verbindungselementen (2) verbunden wird. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a reinforcing element (3) with a plurality of connecting elements (2) is connected.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Holzelemente (1) vor dem Befestigen der Verbindungselemente (2) in Höhenrichtung ausgerichtet werden. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the wood elements (1) are aligned in the vertical direction before attaching the connecting elements (2).
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungselemente (2) mit den Holzelementen (1) verklebt wer- den. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) with the wood elements (1) are glued.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Holzelemente (1) vor dem Aufbringen der Betonschicht (4) mit einer hydrophoben Schutzschicht versehen werden. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wood elements (1) before applying the concrete layer (4) are provided with a hydrophobic protective layer.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungselemente (2) nach Auflegen auf die Auflager (15) an den Holzelementen (1) angebracht werden. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) after placement on the supports (15) are attached to the wood elements (1).
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen die Holzelemente (1) ein Dichtelement eingebracht wird. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that between the wood elements (1) a sealing element is introduced.
11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen die Holzelemente (1) ein Brandschutzelement eingebracht wird. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that between the wood elements (1) a fire protection element is introduced.
12. Verbunddecke, mit mehreren nebeneinander angeordneten Holzelementen (1), mit einer Betonschicht, die auf den Holzelementen (1) angeordnet ist und die mit Bewehrungselementen (3) versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf den Holzelementen (1) Verbindungselemente (2) ange- bracht sind, und dass die Bewehrungselemente (3) unabhängig von der Be- tonschicht (4) spielfrei mit den Verbindungselementen (2) verbunden sind. 12. Composite ceiling, with a plurality of juxtaposed wooden elements (1), with a concrete layer, which is arranged on the wooden elements (1) and which is provided with reinforcing elements (3), characterized in that on the wooden elements (1) connecting elements (2) are attached, and that the reinforcing elements (3) independent of the concrete layer (4) are connected without play with the connecting elements (2).
13. Verbunddecke nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Holzelemente (1) durch mindestens ein Verbindungselement (2) miteinan- der verbunden sind. 13. A composite floor according to claim 12, characterized in that a plurality of wood elements (1) by at least one connecting element (2) are connected miteinan-.
14. Verbunddecke nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Holzelemente (1) als Vollholzbalken ausgebildet sind. 14. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the wood elements (1) are designed as solid wood beams.
15. Verbunddecke nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Holzelemente (1) an ihrer Oberseite abgeschrägt sind, so dass jeweils zwei benachbarte Holzelemente (1) eine V-förmige in Längs- richtung verlaufende Nut (6) ausbilden. 15. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the wooden elements (1) are chamfered on its upper side, so that each two adjacent wooden elements (1) form a V-shaped groove extending in the longitudinal direction (6).
16. Verbunddecke nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ver- bindungselemente (2) als V-förmige Profile ausgebildet sind. 16. A composite ceiling according to claim 15, characterized in that the connection elements (2) are designed as V-shaped profiles.
17. Verbunddecke nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungselemente (2) parallel zu den Holzelementen (1) angeordnet sind. 17. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) are arranged parallel to the wood elements (1).
18. Verbunddecke nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungselemente (2) als Profile ausgebildet sind, die in Längsrichtung verlaufende Stege (7) aufweisen, in denen Aufnahme- nuten (9) vorgesehen sind. 18. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) are formed as profiles, which have longitudinally extending webs (7), in which receiving grooves (9) are provided.
19. Verbunddecke nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Stege (7) zwischen den Aufnahmenuten (9) Ausnehmungen (19) aufweisen. 19. A composite ceiling according to claim 18, characterized in that the longitudinally extending webs (7) between the receiving grooves (9) have recesses (19).
20. Verbunddecke nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bewehrungselemente (3) als Baustahlgitter ausgebildet sind. 20. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that the reinforcing elements (3) are designed as a structural steel grid.
21. Verbunddecke nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Holzelementen (1) Einfräsungen (10) an einer der Betonschicht (4) zugewandten Fläche (11) vorgesehen sind. 21. A composite ceiling according to any one of claims 12 to 20, characterized in that in the wooden elements (1) milling cutouts (10) on one of the concrete layer (4) facing surface (11) are provided.
22. Verbunddecke nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ein- fräsungen (10) keilförmig ausgebildet sind. 22. Composite ceiling according to claim 21, characterized in that the recesses (10) are wedge-shaped.
23. Verbunddecke nach einem der Ansprüche 21 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einfräsungen (10) jeweils in Endbereichen (12) der Holzelemente (1) vorgesehen sind. 23. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 21 to 22, characterized in that the milled recesses (10) are respectively provided in end regions (12) of the wooden elements (1).
24. Verbunddecke nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungselemente (2) mit den Holzelementen (1) verklebt sind. 24. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 23, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) are glued to the wood elements (1).
25. Verbunddecke nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungselemente (2) durch Nägel, Klammern oder Schrauben mit den Holzelementen (1) verbunden sind. 25. A composite ceiling according to any one of claims 12 to 24, characterized in that the connecting elements (2) are connected by nails, staples or screws with the wooden elements (1).
26. Verbunddecke nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Holzelemente (1) mit einer hydrophoben Schutzschicht versehen sind. 26. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 25, characterized in that the wood elements (1) are provided with a hydrophobic protective layer.
27. Verbunddecke nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen zwei benachbarten Holzelementen (1) ein Dicht- element (18) vorgesehen ist. 27. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 26, characterized in that between two adjacent wooden elements (1) a sealing element (18) is provided.
28. Verbunddecke nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen zwei benachbarten Holzelementen (1) ein Brand- schutzelement (17) vorgesehen ist. 28. Composite ceiling according to one of claims 12 to 27, characterized in that between two adjacent wooden elements (1) a fire protection element (17) is provided.
2019 02 12 2019 02 12
Ba  Ba
EP19710573.7A 2018-02-13 2019-02-12 Method for producing composite floors, and composite floor Active EP3752688B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT600252018A AT520303B1 (en) 2018-02-13 2018-02-13 Method for producing composite ceilings
PCT/AT2019/060051 WO2019157544A1 (en) 2018-02-13 2019-02-12 Method for producing composite floors, and composite floor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3752688A1 true EP3752688A1 (en) 2020-12-23
EP3752688B1 EP3752688B1 (en) 2021-09-15

Family

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EP19710573.7A Active EP3752688B1 (en) 2018-02-13 2019-02-12 Method for producing composite floors, and composite floor

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EP (1) EP3752688B1 (en)
CN (1) CN111712606B (en)
AT (1) AT520303B1 (en)
CA (1) CA3091031A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2019157544A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019200046B3 (en) 2019-01-04 2020-06-10 Veit Dennert Kg Baustoffbetriebe Prestressed concrete-wood composite panel, in particular for use as a building ceiling or wall panel, and process for their production
DE102019215009A1 (en) * 2019-01-04 2020-07-09 Veit Dennert Kg Baustoffbetriebe Wood-concrete composite panel, in particular for use as a building ceiling or wall panel and process for their production
AT524744B1 (en) * 2021-02-12 2022-11-15 Mmk Holz Beton Fertigteile Gmbh COMPOSITE CEILING

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE714815C (en) * 1940-04-21 1941-12-08 Carl Pluta Wood concrete ceiling for residential and industrial buildings
DE1899554U (en) * 1962-04-12 1964-08-27 Cloos Kommanditgesellschaft Ge Chipboard for soffit concrete ceilings.
FR2540161B1 (en) * 1983-02-01 1985-10-25 Bouygues Sa PROCESS AND ELEMENTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING FLOOR
CH677122A5 (en) * 1988-07-28 1991-04-15 Robert Haldi
DE9105240U1 (en) * 1991-04-27 1991-07-11 Bayerl, Franz, 8441 Kirchroth Composite ceiling
FR2702236B1 (en) * 1993-03-03 1995-08-04 Gauthier Daniel WOOD-CONCRETE COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT.
DE4420175A1 (en) * 1994-06-09 1995-12-14 Karl Moser Concrete roof slab, for binding with internal cladding
DE19818525B4 (en) 1998-04-24 2004-11-25 Bauer, Werner, Dipl.-Ing. Wood-concrete composite member
CH694945A5 (en) * 2000-04-04 2005-09-30 Full Restore Ltd Ceiling is made of wooden beams and plates, being rendered monolithic by fixture devices
DE10254043B4 (en) * 2002-11-20 2006-10-05 Universität Leipzig Composite construction of high load capacity
ITBO20080361A1 (en) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-10 Cogefrin S P A PREFABRICATED PANEL FOR CONSTRUCTION BUILDINGS AND ITS APPLICATION METHOD.
CN201660990U (en) * 2010-03-12 2010-12-01 昆明理工大学 Reinforced concrete-wood combined floor slab
CN204387028U (en) * 2014-12-08 2015-06-10 杭州国立工贸集团有限公司 Steel band nail is connected between sheet material with sheet material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN111712606B (en) 2022-05-27
WO2019157544A1 (en) 2019-08-22
CN111712606A (en) 2020-09-25
AT520303B1 (en) 2019-03-15
EP3752688B1 (en) 2021-09-15
AT520303A4 (en) 2019-03-15
CA3091031A1 (en) 2019-08-22

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