EP3749738B1 - Viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the technical field of solid surfactant compositions, in particular for the provision of surfactant-containing liquors for textile treatment or for cleaning hard surfaces such as dishes, ceramics, glass, wood or plastic, in particular for cleaning textiles.

Many cleaning products are available in solid form (for example as powder or tablets) or in liquid form (or even as a flowing gel). Liquid washing or cleaning products in particular are becoming increasingly popular with consumers.

Solid substrate treatment agents have the advantage that, unlike liquid substrate treatment agents, they do not require any preservatives and the ingredients they contain (such as bleach or enzymes) can be incorporated more stably. Liquid forms are increasingly gaining ground on the market, particularly due to their rapid solubility and the associated rapid availability of the active ingredients they contain.

Consumers have become accustomed to the convenient dosing of pre-portioned substrate treatment agents, such as detergent pouches or dishwasher tablets, for mechanical substrate treatment and use these products in the form of tablets or in the form of bags (also: pillows or pouches), which are usually filled with at least one liquid composition. In addition to the aforementioned advantages, the use of liquids has the disadvantage that if there are leaks in the bag of the portion, the liquid composition leaks out.

Single-serving units in water-soluble bags are popular with consumers because of their attractive appearance. The appearance of the dosage form is becoming increasingly important. In addition to good cleaning performance and sufficient storage stability, good appearance is one of the reasons for choosing a product. Transparent products in particular are perceived by consumers as visually appealing. Solid surfactant compositions used for textile cleaning are usually opaque. It is therefore also a task to provide translucent to transparent solid surfactant compositions.

From the consumer's point of view, it is also desirable to combine the advantages of the solid and liquid forms and to provide a dosage form that is improved compared to the state of the art, especially for washing or cleaning agents that are usually liquid. For this purpose, a single portion of the contained Components and at the same time achieve a visually appealing appearance for the consumer, in particular transparency or translucency.

Particularly when using solid molded bodies which have to be dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous medium for application to a substrate, it is particularly important that the solid dissolves well in water. When single-use portions and substrate, e.g. the laundry, are dosed together in the same room in the machine, e.g. the drum of the washing machine, the single-use portion must be able to be worked quickly into the aqueous, liquid liquor. Otherwise, the substrate (e.g. textile) in direct contact with the portion will most likely suffer damage from a permanent overconcentration of the surfactant composition on the substrate. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide solid surfactant compositions, in particular as a single-use portion in the form of a lumpy molded body, which dissolve well in water or can be dispersed therein when in contact with water.

From the publication WO 02/086074 A1 Viscoelastic, solid surfactant compositions with a storage modulus of 40,000 to 800,000 Pa are known. The viscoelastic surfactant compositions disclosed therein are liquid-crystalline surfactant phases. The production of the viscoelastic surfactant compositions of the prior art depends on the phase behavior of the surfactants contained in each case, which limits the freedom of formulation with regard to the selection of surfactants and their amounts used.

EP 2365051 A1 deals with liquid detergent compositions containing surfactants and a linear di-amido gelling agent. WO 2015/058812 A1 teaches an antiperspirant water-in-oil emulsion in stick form, which contains at least one amido gelling agent as well as various oils, an emulsifier and an antiperspirant active ingredient.

A further object was therefore to provide solid surfactant compositions which exhibit viscoelastic behavior regardless of the phase behavior of the surfactants used. Surprisingly, it has been shown that this goal can be achieved by formulating a composition containing at least one surfactant and at least one specific organic compound.

1. (i) eine Gesamtmenge von 0,1 bis 70 Gew.-% mindestens eines Tensids
   und
2. (ii) mindestens eine organische Verbindung mit einem Molekulargewicht von < 1000 g/mol, einer Löslichkeit in Wasser von weniger als 0,1 g/L (20°C, pH 7) und einer Struktur, enthaltend
   1. a) mindestens zwei Gruppen, ausgewählt aus -OH, -NH-, oder Mischungen daraus, und
   2. b) mindestens eine carbocyclische Struktureinheit mit mindestens zwei endocyclischen Doppelbindungen, insbesondere mindestens eine carbocyclische, aromatische Struktureinheit,
      und
   3. c) mindestens eine weitere cyclische Struktureinheit, die mindestens zwei Carbonylgruppen aufweist
   und
3. (iii) Wasser,

• wobei die Komponente (ii) ausgewählt wird aus mindestens einer Diketopiperazin-Verbindung der Formel (I)
  
• worin
• R¹, R², R³ und R⁴ stehen unabhängig voneinander für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Hydroxygruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkenylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acyloxygruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkoxygruppe, eine Aminogruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acylaminogruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkylaminocarbonylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe, eine Aroylgruppe, eine Aroyloxygruppe, eine Aryloxygruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxygruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Heteroarylgruppe, eine Heteroaryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)- Aminoalkylgruppe, eine Carboxy-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, wobei mindestens zwei der Reste R¹ bis R⁴ gemeinsam mit dem Restmolekül einen 5 oder 6-gliedrigen Ring bilden können,
• R⁵ steht für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine lineare (C₁ bis C₆)-Alkylgruppe, eine verzweigte (C₃ bis C10)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₃ bis C₆)-Cycloalkylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)- Alkenylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkinylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁- C₄)-Alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Acyloxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Aryloxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine O-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)oxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkylsulfanyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₃)- alkylgruppe, eine Heteroarylgruppe, eine Hetroaryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)- Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Aminoalkylgruppe, eine N-(C₁-C₄)-Alkylamino-(C₁- C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₁-C₄)-Dialkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)- Acylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)- alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Aroyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₂-C₈)-Diacylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)amino-(C₁-C₄)- alkylgruppe, eine N,N-Di(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)amino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)- Carboxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkoxycarbonyl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)- Acyloxy-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Guanidino-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₁-C₄)-Alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)- alkylgruppe, eine N,N-Di((C₁-C₄)-Alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₂-C₈)-Diacylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acyl-N-(C1-C4)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C1-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C1-C4)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N- (Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)-N-(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe oder eine N,N-Di(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe.

undA first subject of the invention is therefore a viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition (in particular as a washing or cleaning agent), containing, based on its total weight

1. (i) a total amount of 0.1 to 70 wt.% of at least one surfactant
   and
2. (ii) at least one organic compound having a molecular weight of < 1000 g/mol, a solubility in water of less than 0.1 g/L (20°C, pH 7) and a structure containing
   1. a) at least two groups selected from -OH, -NH-, or mixtures thereof, and
   2. b) at least one carbocyclic structural unit having at least two endocyclic double bonds, in particular at least one carbocyclic aromatic structural unit,
      and
   3. c) at least one further cyclic structural unit having at least two carbonyl groups
   and
3. (iii) water,

• wherein component (ii) is selected from at least one diketopiperazine compound of formula (I)
  
• wherein
• R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkenyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) acyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) acyloxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkoxy group, an amino group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) acylamino group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkylaminocarbonyl group, an aryl group, an aroyl group, an aroyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ ) alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-aminoalkyl group, a carboxy-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, where at least two of the radicals R ¹ to R ⁴ together with the residual molecule can form a 5 or 6-membered ring,
• R ⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, a linear (C ₁ to C ₆ ) alkyl group, a branched (C ₃ to C10) alkyl group, a (C ₃ to C ₆ ) cycloalkyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkenyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkynyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ - C ₄ ) alkoxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) acyloxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, an aryloxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, an O-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl)oxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylsulfanyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an aryl group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-aminoalkyl group, an N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ - C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-dialkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-aroyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-diacylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)amino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-di(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)amino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )- carboxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkoxycarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-acyloxy-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a guanidino-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, an aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-di((C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-diacylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acyl-N-(C 1 -C ₄ )-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C 1 -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)-N-(C _{1 -C 6} )-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group or an N,N-di(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group.

and

Particularly preferred as a second embodiment of the first subject matter of the invention is a viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition (in particular as a washing or cleaning agent), with the proviso that the composition has a storage modulus between 10 ³ Pa and 10 ⁸ Pa, preferably between 10 ⁴ Pa and 10 ⁸ Pa and a loss modulus (in each case at 20°C, a deformation of 0.1% and a frequency of 1 Hz) and the storage modulus in the frequency range between 10 ^-3 Hz and 10 ² Hz is at least twice as large as the loss modulus. More preferably, the composition has a storage modulus in a range from 10 ⁵ Pa to 10 ⁷ Pa.

To further optimize the stability properties of said composition, it is preferred if the storage modulus is at least five times greater than the loss modulus, particularly preferably at least ten times greater than the loss modulus (each at 20°C, a deformation of 0.1% and a frequency of 1 Hz).

All definitions and preferred embodiments mentioned below apply equally to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, unless defined otherwise.

The viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition combines all the advantages of a liquid composition despite its solid form, represents an aesthetic product form with a good dissolution profile in textile treatment and an excellent performance profile on the substrate.

The viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the present invention is storage-stable and dimensionally stable. The said viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition exhibits almost no syneresis even after long-term storage.

According to the definition of the invention, a substance (e.g. a composition) is solid if it is in the solid state at 20°C and 1013 mbar.

As is known and therefore according to the invention, a substance (e.g. a composition) is viscoelastic and solid if the storage modulus of the substance at 20°C is greater than the existing loss modulus. When mechanical force is applied to the substance, it has the properties of an elastic solid and also shows a viscosity similar to a liquid. The terms storage modulus and loss modulus, as well as the determination of the values of these modules, are notoriously familiar to the expert (cf. Christopher W. Macosco, "Rheology Principles, Measurements and Applications", VCH, 1994, p. 121 ff . or Gebhard Schramm, "Introduction to Rheology and Rheometry", Karlsruhe, 1995, p. 156 ff . or WO 02/086074 A1 , p. 2, 3rd paragraph to p. 4, end of 1st paragraph).

The rheological characterization is carried out within the scope of this invention with a rotational rheometer, for example TA-Instruments, type AR G2, Malvern "Kinexus", using a cone-plate measuring system with a diameter of 40 mm and an opening angle of 2° at a temperature of 20°C. These are shear stress-controlled rheometers. However, the determination can also be carried out with other instruments or measuring geometries with comparable specifications.

The storage modulus (abbreviation: G`) and the loss modulus (abbreviation: G") (each unit: Pa) were measured using the equipment described above in an experiment with oscillating deformation. To do this, the linear viscoelastic range is first determined in a "stress sweep experiment". In this experiment, the shear stress amplitude is increased at a constant frequency of 1 Hz, for example. The moduli G` and G" are plotted in a double-logarithmic plot. Either the shear stress amplitude or the (resulting) deformation amplitude can be plotted on the x-axis. The storage modulus G` is below a certain shear stress amplitude or the deformation amplitude. Deformation amplitude is constant, above which it collapses. The inflection point is conveniently determined by placing tangents on the two curve sections. The corresponding deformation amplitude or shear stress amplitude is usually referred to as "critical deformation" or "critical shear stress".

To determine the frequency dependence of the modules, a frequency ramp is run, e.g. between 0.001 Hz and 100 Hz at a constant deformation amplitude. The deformation amplitude must be selected so that it lies in the linear range, i.e. below the critical deformation mentioned above. In the case of the compositions according to the invention, a deformation amplitude of 0.1% has proven to be suitable. The modules G` and G" are plotted against the frequency in a double logarithmic plot.

A substance (e.g. a composition) is liquid according to the definition of the invention if it is in the liquid state at 20°C and 1013 mbar.

A chemical compound is an organic compound if the molecule of the chemical compound contains at least one covalent bond between carbon and hydrogen.

Conversely to the definition of an organic compound, a chemical compound is an inorganic compound if the molecule of the chemical compound does not contain a covalent bond between carbon and hydrogen.

An "endocyclic double bond" is a double bond in a ring of a cyclic compound. The double bond is thus formed entirely by atoms that form the ring.

For the purposes of the invention, a compound or a structural unit is "aromatic" if it or a structural fragment thereof satisfies the Hückel rule. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, i.e. aromatic compounds with fused ring systems, explicitly fall under this definition.

The average molecular weights given for polymeric ingredients in this application are - unless explicitly stated otherwise - always weight-average molecular weights M _w , which can generally be determined by means of gel permeation chromatography using an RI detector, the measurement being conveniently carried out against an external standard.

A "surfactant-containing liquor" in the sense of the invention is a liquid preparation for the treatment of a substrate, obtainable by using a surfactant-containing agent and diluting it with at least one solvent (preferably water). The substrates can be fabrics or textiles (such as clothing) as well as hard surfaces (such as dishes, ceramics, plastic, metal). The surfactant compositions according to the invention are preferably used to provide a surfactant-containing liquor is used in machine cleaning processes, such as those carried out by a washing machine for textiles or a dishwasher. The surfactant compositions according to the invention can preferably also be used as cleaning agents for hard surfaces, such as ceramics, toilets or glass. The surfactant compositions according to the invention can be used in particular as cleaning agents for the toilet. The surfactant-containing liquor is preferably applied here through a toilet basket on the edge of the toilet via the flush or stuck directly to the inner surface of the toilet bowl and distributed via the flush.

"At least one" as used herein refers to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more. In the context of components of the compositions described herein, this statement does not refer to the absolute amount of molecules but to the type of component. "At least one inorganic base" therefore means, for example, one or more different inorganic bases, i.e. one or more different types of inorganic bases. Together with amounts, the amounts refer to the total amount of the correspondingly designated type of component.

If, during registration, number ranges from one number to another number are defined, the range includes the limit values.

If, during registration, number ranges between one number and another number are defined, the limit values are not included in the range.

The viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition according to the invention is preferably transparent or translucent. If a mixture according to the invention has a residual light output (transmission) of at least 20% in the spectral range between 380 nm and 780 nm based on the reference measurement, it is considered transparent within the meaning of the invention.

The transparency of the surfactant composition according to the invention can be determined using various methods. The Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) is often used as a measurement value for transparency. It is a unit used in water treatment, for example, for turbidity measurements, e.g. in liquids. It is the unit of turbidity measured with a calibrated nephelometer. High NTU values are measured for turbid surfactant compositions, whereas low values are determined for clear, transparent surfactant compositions.

The turbidimeter type HACH Turbidimeter 2100Q from Hach Company, Loveland, Colorado (USA) is used in conjunction with the calibration substances StabICal Solution HACH (20 NTU), StabICal Solution HACH (100 NTU) and StabICal Solution HACH (800 NTU), all of which can also be ordered from Hach Company. The measurement is carried out in A 10 ml measuring cuvette with cap was filled with the composition to be examined and the measurement was carried out at 20 °C.

With an NTU value (at 20°C) of 60 or more, surfactant compositions have a perceptible cloudiness that is visible to the naked eye within the meaning of the invention. It is therefore preferred if the surfactant compositions according to the invention have an NTU value (at 20°C) of at most 120, more preferably at most 110, more preferably at most 100, particularly preferably at most 80.

In the context of the present invention, the transparency of the solid agents according to the invention was determined by a transmission measurement in the visual light spectrum over a wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm at 20°C. To do this, a reference sample (water, fully demineralized) is first measured in a photometer (Specord S 600 from AnalytikJena) with a cuvette that is transparent in the spectrum to be examined (layer thickness 10 mm). The cuvette is then filled with a sample of the surfactant composition according to the invention and measured again. The sample is filled in a liquid state and solidified in the cuvette and then measured.

It is preferred if the transparent surfactant composition according to the invention has a transmission (20°C) of particularly preferably at least 25%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, in particular of at least 50%, very particularly preferably of at least 60%.

It is very particularly preferred if the transparent surfactant composition according to the invention has a transmission (at 20°C) of at least 30% (in particular of at least 40%, more preferably of at least 50%, particularly preferably of at least 60%) and an NTU value (at 20°C) of at most 120 (more preferably at most 110, more preferably at most 100, particularly preferably at most 80).

The viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition according to the invention contains a total amount of 0.1 to 70% by weight of surfactant based on its total weight. The surfactants used according to the invention are preferably anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants or cationic surfactants.

Preferred surfactant compositions contain, based on their total weight, a total amount of 5 to 70% by weight, more preferably from 5 to 65% by weight, more preferably from 5 to 60% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 70% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 65% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 60% by weight, more preferably from 15 to 70% by weight, more preferably from 15 to 65% by weight, more preferably from 15 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably from 20 to 70% by weight, more preferably from 20 to 65% by weight, more preferably from 20 to 60% by weight, very particularly preferably from 25 to 70 % by weight, more preferably from 25 to 65 % by weight, more preferably from 25 to 60 % by weight, further preferably from 30 to 70 % by weight, more preferably from 30 to 65 % by weight, more preferably from 30 to 60 % by weight of at least one surfactant. These surfactant compositions are particularly suitable for textile treatment, but especially for use in a washing machine for textile washing. It is again particularly preferred if the surfactant composition contains at least one anionic surfactant and optionally additionally at least one nonionic surfactant.

Preferred embodiments of a surfactant composition according to the invention as a dishwashing detergent, in particular for use in a dishwasher, each contain, based on the weight of the composition, 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, in particular 0.2 to 4.0% by weight, of at least one surfactant.

A viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition preferred according to the invention is characterized in that it contains at least one anionic surfactant. Surfactant compositions according to the invention with anionic surfactant are particularly suitable for washing textiles, particularly preferably for use in a washing machine for textile washing. Preferred surfactant compositions that are suitable as dishwashing detergents (particularly for use in a dishwasher) each contain 0 to 1% by weight, in particular 0 to 0.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0 to 0.25% by weight, of anionic surfactant, based on the weight of the composition.

If the surfactant composition according to the invention contains anionic surfactant and is used as a textile detergent, it is preferred that, based on the total weight of the composition, anionic surfactant is contained in a total amount of 5 to 70 wt.%, more preferably 5 to 60 wt.%, more preferably 10 to 70 wt.%, in particular 10 to 60 wt.%, particularly preferably 10 to 40 wt.%, further preferably 25 to 40 wt.%.

Regardless of the field of application of the surfactant composition according to the invention, sulfonates and/or sulfates can preferably be used as anionic surfactant.

Preferably suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are C _9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as those obtained, for example, from C _12-18 monoolefins with a terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products. Also suitable are C _12-18 alkanesulfonates and the esters of α-sulfofatty acids (estersulfonates), for example the α-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.

in der
R' und R" unabhängig H oder Alkyl sind und zusammen 9 bis 19, vorzugsweise 9 bis 15 und insbesondere 9 bis 13 C-Atome enthalten, und Y⁺ ein einwertiges Kation oder den n-ten Teil eines n-wertigen Kations (insbesondere Na⁺) bedeuten.Particularly preferred surfactant compositions according to the invention, in particular textile detergents, contain as anionic surfactant at least one compound of the formula (T-1),

in the
R' and R" are independently H or alkyl and together contain 9 to 19, preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 13 C atoms, and Y ⁺ is a monovalent cation or the n-th part of an n-valent cation (in particular Na ⁺ ).

Preferred alk(en)yl sulfates are the alkali metal salts and, in particular, the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of the C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths. For washing purposes, the C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates as well as C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred. 2,3-alkyl sulfates are also suitable anionic surfactants.

Fatty alcohol ether sulfates, such as the sulfuric acid monoesters of straight-chain or branched C _7-21 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _12-18 fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO, are also suitable.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are soaps. Suitable are saturated and unsaturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, (hydrogenated) erucic acid and behenic acid, as well as soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel, olive oil or tallow fatty acids.

The anionic surfactants and the soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium, magnesium or ammonium salts. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their ammonium salts. Preferred counterions for the anionic surfactants are the protonated forms of choline, triethylamine, monoethanolamine or methylethylamine.

In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the surfactant composition according to the invention, in particular as a textile detergent, contains an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid neutralized with monoethanolamine, in particular C _9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonic acid, and/or a fatty acid neutralized with monoethanolamine.

A preferred surfactant composition of the invention contains at least one anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of C _8-18 alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, C _12-18 alkanesulfonates, ester sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkenyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates and mixtures thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the surfactant composition according to the invention, in particular as a washing or cleaning agent, contains at least one nonionic surfactant.

The at least one nonionic surfactant can be any known nonionic surfactant suitable for the purpose of the invention.

In a preferred embodiment, the surfactant composition contains at least one nonionic surfactant.

Preferred embodiments of a surfactant composition according to the invention as a dishwashing detergent, in particular for use in a dishwasher, each contain, based on the weight of the composition, 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, in particular 0.2 to 4.0% by weight, of at least one nonionic surfactant.

Preferred embodiments of a surfactant composition according to the invention as a textile detergent, in particular for use in a washing machine, each contain, based on the weight of the composition, 1.0 to 25% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 20.0% by weight, more preferably 5.0 to 18.0% by weight, of at least one nonionic surfactant.

The at least one nonionic surfactant can be any known nonionic surfactant suitable for the purpose of the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surfactant compositions described herein contain as nonionic surfactant at least one fatty alcohol alkoxylate having the following formula (T-2),

R'-O-(XO) _m -H (T-2)

where R' is a linear or branched C ₈ -C ₁₈ alkyl radical, an aryl radical or alkylaryl radical, XO is independently an ethylene oxide (EO) or propylene oxide (PO) group and m is an integer from 1 to 50. In the above formula, R' is a linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl radical. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, R ^I is a linear or branched alkyl radical having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 7 to 25 carbon atoms and in particular having 10 to 19 carbon atoms. Preferred radicals R' are selected from decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, Tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl radicals and mixtures thereof, with the representatives with an even number of carbon atoms being preferred. Particularly preferred radicals R' are derived from fatty alcohols with 12 to 19 carbon atoms, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or from oxo alcohols with 10 to 19 carbon atoms.

XO of formula (T-2) is an ethylene oxide (EO) or propylene oxide (PO) moiety, preferably an ethylene oxide moiety.

The index m of the formula (T-2) is an integer from 1 to 50, preferably 2 to 20 and more preferably 2 to 10. In particular, m is 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. The surfactant composition according to the invention may contain mixtures of nonionic surfactants having different degrees of ethoxylation.

mit k = 9 bis 17, m = 3, 4, 5, 6, oder 7. Ganz besonders bevorzugte Vertreter sind Fettalkohole mit 10 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und mit 7 EO (k = 11 bis 17, m = 7).In summary, particularly preferred fatty alcohol alkoxylates are those of the formula (T-3)

with k = 9 to 17, m = 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. Particularly preferred representatives are fatty alcohols with 10 to 18 carbon atoms and with 7 EO (k = 11 to 17, m = 7).

Such fatty alcohol ethoxylates are available under the sales names Dehydol ^® LT7 (BASF), Lutensol ^® AO7 (BASF), Lutensol ^® M7 (BASF) and Neodol ^® 45-7 (Shell Chemicals).

The surfactant compositions according to the invention particularly preferably contain nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols. The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or can contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals from alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 moles of EO per mole of alcohol are preferred. Preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _8-11 alcohol with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C _12-14 alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 alcohol with 5 EO.

Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used, particularly as cleaning agents for machine dishwashing. Examples of these are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO. Ethoxylated nonionic surfactants obtained from C _6-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C _6-20 alkylphenols or C _16-20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 mol, preferably more than 15 mol and in particular more than 20 mol of ethylene oxide per mol of alcohol are particularly preferred. A particularly preferred nonionic surfactant is obtained from a straight-chain fatty alcohol with 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C _16-20 alcohol), preferably a C ₁₈ alcohol, and at least 12 moles, preferably at least 15 moles and in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide. Among these, the so-called "narrow range ethoxylates" are particularly preferred.

Surfactants that are preferably used come from the group of alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular ethoxylated primary alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally more complex surfactants such as polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene ((PO/EO/PO) surfactants). Such (PO/EO/PO) nonionic surfactants are also characterized by good foam control.

bevorzugt, in der R¹ für einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder einbeziehungsweise mehrfach ungesättigten C_6-24-Alkyl- oder-Alkenylrest steht; jede Gruppe R² beziehungsweise R³ unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt ist aus -CH₃, -CH₂CH₃, -CH₂CH₂-CH₃, -CH(CH₃)₂ und die Indizes w, x, y, z unabhängig voneinander für ganze Zahlen von 1 bis 6 stehen.Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants, in particular for cleaning agents for machine dishwashing, have proven to be low-foaming nonionic surfactants which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units in the context of the present invention. Among these, surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, with one to ten EO or AO groups being bonded to one another before a block from the other groups follows. Here, nonionic surfactants of the general formula (T-4)

preferred in which R ¹ is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C _6-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical; each group R ² or R ³ is independently selected from -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the indices w, x, y, z independently of one another are integers from 1 to 6.

Preferred nonionic surfactants of the above formula can be prepared by known methods from the corresponding alcohols R ¹ -OH and ethylene or alkylene oxide. The radical R ¹ in the above formula can vary depending on the origin of the alcohol. If native sources are used, the radical R ¹ has an even number of carbon atoms and is generally unbranched, with the linear radicals consisting of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 C atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol. Alcohols accessible from synthetic sources are, for example, Guerbet alcohols or 2-methyl-branched or linear and methyl-branched residues in a mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol residues. Regardless of the type of alcohol used to produce the nonionic surfactants contained in the surfactant composition, nonionic surfactants are preferred in which R ¹ in the above formula is an alkyl residue with 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 11 carbon atoms.

In addition to propylene oxide, butylene oxide is particularly suitable as an alkylene oxide unit which is present in the preferred nonionic surfactants in alternation with the ethylene oxide unit. However, other alkylene oxides in which R ² and R ³ are independently selected from - CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ and -CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ are also suitable. Preference is given to using nonionic surfactants of the above formula in which R ² and R ³ are a radical -CH ₃ , w and x are independently of one another values of 3 or 4 and y and z are independently of one another values of 1 or 2.

Other non-ionic surfactants that are preferably used, in particular for cleaning agents for machine dishwashing, are non-ionic surfactants of the general formula (T-5)

R ¹ O(AlkO) _x M(OAlk) _y OR ² (T-5)

where R ¹ and R ² independently of one another represent a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally hydroxylated alkyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms; Alk represents a branched or unbranched alkyl radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; x and y independently of one another represent values between 1 and 70; and M represents an alkyl radical from the group CH ₂ , CHR ³ , CR ³ R ⁴ , CH ₂ CHR ³ and CHR ³ CHR ⁴ , where R ³ and R ⁴ independently of one another represent a branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.

Preferred are nonionic surfactants of the general formula (T-6)

R ¹ -CH(OH)CH ₂ -O(CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _x CH ₂ CHR(OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _y -CH ₂ CH(OH)-R ² (T-6),

where R, R ¹ and R ² independently represent an alkyl radical or alkenyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms; x and y independently represent values between 1 and 40.

Particularly preferred are compounds of the general formula (T-7)

R ¹ -CH(OH)CH ₂ -O(CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _x CH ₂ CHR(OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _y O-CH ₂ CH(OH)-R ² (T-7)

in which R is a linear, saturated alkyl radical having 8 to 16 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and R ¹ and R ² independently of one another are an alkyl radical or alkenyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and n and m independently of one another have values of 20 to 30. Corresponding compounds can be obtained, for example, by reacting alkyldiols HO-CHR-CH ₂ -OH with ethylene oxide, followed by a reaction with an alkyl epoxide to close the free OH functions with formation of a dihydroxy ether.

• R¹ für einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ein- bzw. mehrfach ungesättigten C_6-24-Alkyl- oder -Alkenylrest steht;
• R² für Wasserstoff oder einen linearen oder verzweigten Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 2 bis 26 Kohlenstoffatomen steht;
• A, A', A" und A‴ unabhängig voneinander für einen Rest aus der Gruppe -CH₂CH₂, - CH₂CH₂-CH₂, -CH₂-CH(CH₃), -CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂, -CH₂-CH(CH₃)-CH₂-, -CH₂-CH(CH₂-CH₃) stehen,
• w, x, y und z für Werte zwischen 0,5 und 120 stehen, wobei x, y und/oder z auch 0 sein können.

Preferred nonionic surfactants, especially for cleaning agents for machine dishwashing, are those of the general formula (T-8)

R ¹ -CH(OH)CH ₂ O- (AO) _w -(AO) _x -(A"O) _y -(A‴O) _z -R ² (T-8)

in the

• R ¹ represents a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C _6-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical;
• R ² represents hydrogen or a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms;
• A, A', A" and A‴ independently of one another represent a radical from the group -CH ₂ CH ₂ , - CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₂ , -CH ₂ -CH(CH ₃ ), -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ , -CH ₂ -CH(CH ₃ )-CH ₂ -, -CH ₂ -CH(CH ₂ -CH ₃ ),
• w, x, y and z stand for values between 0.5 and 120, where x, y and/or z can also be 0.

By adding the above-mentioned non-ionic surfactants of the general formula (T-8)

R ¹ -CH(OH)CH ₂ O-(AO) _w -(A'O) _x -(A"O) _y -(A‴O) _z -R ² (T-8)

hereinafter also referred to as "hydroxy mixed ethers", the cleaning performance of preparations according to the invention can surprisingly be significantly improved compared to systems which contain alternative non-ionic surfactants, for example from the group of polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols.

By using these nonionic surfactants with one or more free hydroxyl groups on one or both terminal alkyl radicals, the stability of the enzymes optionally additionally contained in the surfactant compositions according to the invention can be significantly improved.

neben einem Rest R¹, welcher für lineare oder verzweigte, gesättigte oder ungesättigte, aliphatische oder aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 2 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise mit 4 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, weiterhin einen linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigten, aliphatischen oder aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest R² mit 1 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen aufweisen, wobei n für Werte zwischen 1 und 90, vorzugsweise für Werte zwischen 10 und 80 und insbesondere für Werte zwischen 20 und 60 steht. Insbesondere bevorzugt sind Tenside der vorstehenden Formel, in denen R¹ für C₇ bis C₁₃, n für eine ganze natürliche Zahl von 16 bis 28 und R² für C₈ bis C₁₂ steht.Preferred, in particular for cleaning agents for machine dishwashing, are those end-capped poly(oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants which, according to the following formula (T-10)

in addition to a radical R ¹ , which stands for linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals with 2 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably with 4 to 22 carbon atoms, furthermore have a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical R ² with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, where n stands for values between 1 and 90, preferably for values between 10 and 80 and in particular for values between 20 and 60. Particularly preferred are surfactants of the above formula in which R ¹ stands for C ₇ to C ₁₃ , n stands for an integer from 16 to 28 and R ² stands for C ₈ to C ₁₂ .

Particularly preferred, in particular for cleaning agents for machine dishwashing, are surfactants of the formula R ¹ O[CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ )O] _x [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _y CH ₂ CH(OH)R ² ,
in which R ¹ is a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, R ² is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x is between 0.5 and 1.5 and y is at least 15. The group of these nonionic surfactants includes, for example, the C _2-26 fatty alcohol (PO) ₁ -(EO) _15-40 -2-hydroxyalkyl ethers, in particular also the C _8-10 fatty alcohol (PO) ₁ -(EO) ₂₂ -2-hydroxydecyl ethers.

Particularly preferred, in particular for cleaning agents for machine dishwashing, are those end-capped poly(oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R ¹ O[CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _x[ CH ₂ CH(R ³ )O] _y CH ₂ CH(OH)R ² ,
in which R ¹ and R ² independently of one another represent a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms, R ³ is independently selected from -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH 3, -CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ , but preferably represents -CHs, and x and y independently of one another represent values between 1 and 32, with nonionic surfactants with R ³ = -CH ₃ and values for x from 15 to 32 and y from 0.5 to 1.5 being very particularly preferred.

Other nonionic surfactants which can preferably be used, in particular for cleaning agents for machine dishwashing, are the end-capped poly(oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R ¹ O[CH ₂ CH(R ³ )O] _x [CH ₂ ] _k CH(OH)[CH ₂ ] _j OR ² ,
in which R ¹ and R ² are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ³ is H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5. If the value x is > 2, each R ³ in the above formula R ¹ O[CH ₂ CH(R ³ )O] _x [CH ₂ ] _k CH(OH)[CH ₂ ] _j OR ² can be different. R ¹ and R ² are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred. H, -CH ₃ or -CH ₂ CH ₃ are particularly preferred for the radical R ³ . Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.

As described above, each R ³ in the above formula can be different if x > 2. This allows the alkylene oxide unit in the square brackets to be varied. For example, if x is 3, the radical R ³ can be selected to form ethylene oxide (R ³ = H) or propylene oxide (R ³ = CH ₃ ) units, which can be joined together in any order, for example (EO)(PO)(EO), (EO)(EO)(PO), (EO)(EO)(EO), (PO)(EO)(PO), (PO)(PO)(PO)(EO) and (PO)(PO)(PO). The value 3 for x has been chosen here as an example and can certainly be larger, whereby the range of variation increases with increasing x values and includes, for example, a large number of (EO) groups combined with a small number of (PO) groups, or vice versa.

• R¹ für einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ein- bzw. mehrfach ungesättigten C_6-24-Alkyl- oder -Alkenylrest steht;
• R² für einen linearen oder verzweigten Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 2 bis 26 Kohlenstoffatomen steht;
• A für einen Rest aus der Gruppe CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH(CH₃), vorzugsweise für CH₂CH₂ steht, und
• w für Werte zwischen 1 und 120, vorzugsweise 10 bis 80, insbesondere 20 bis 40 steht.

Particularly preferred end-capped poly(oxyalkylated) alcohols of the above formula have values of k = 1 and j = 1, so that the above formula is simplified to R ¹ O[CH ₂ CH(R ³ )O] _x CH ₂ CH(OH)CH ₂ OR ² . In the latter formula, R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are as defined above and x stands for numbers from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18. Particularly preferred surfactants are those in which the radicals R ¹ and R ² have 9 to 14 C atoms, R ³ stands for H and x assumes values from 6 to 15. Finally, the nonionic surfactants of the general formula R ¹ -CH(OH)CH ₂ O-(AO) _w -R ² have proven to be particularly effective, in which

• R ¹ represents a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C _6-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical;
• R ² represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms;
• A represents a radical from the group CH ₂ CH ₂ , CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ , CH ₂ CH(CH ₃ ), preferably CH ₂ CH ₂ , and
• w stands for values between 1 and 120, preferably 10 to 80, in particular 20 to 40.

The group of these non-ionic surfactants includes, for example, the C _4-22 fatty alcohol (EO) _10-80 -2-hydroxyalkyl ethers, in particular the C _8-12 fatty alcohol (EO) ₂₂ -2-hydroxydecyl ethers and the C _4-22 fatty alcohol (EO) _40-80 -2-hydroxyalkyl ethers.

Furthermore, the surfactant composition according to the invention can contain amine oxide as a nonionic surfactant. In principle, all amine oxides established in the prior art for these purposes, i.e. compounds which have the formula R ¹ R ² R ³ NO, in which each R ¹ , R ² and R ³ is independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbon chain with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, can be used as amine oxide. Particularly preferably used amine oxides are those in which R ¹ is alkyl with 12 to 18 carbon atoms and R ² and R ³ are each independently alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular alkyldimethylamine oxides with 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable amine oxides are N-cocoalkyl-N,N-dimethylamine oxide, N-tallowalkyl-N,N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, myristyl/cetyldimethylamine oxide or lauryldimethylamine oxide.

Suitable nonionic surfactants are, for example, alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO(G) _x in which R corresponds to a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular 2-methyl-branched aliphatic radical with 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 C atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.

Another class of preferably used nonionic surfactants, which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.

Other suitable surfactants are the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides known as PHFA.

• Polyolfettsäureester,
• alkoxylierte Triglyceride,
• alkoxylierte Fettsäurealkylester der Formel R³CO-(OCH₂CHR⁴)_wOR⁵,
  in der R³CO für einen linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten und/oder ungesättigten Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R⁴ für Wasserstoff oder Methyl und R⁵ für lineare oder verzweigte Alkylreste mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen steht und w 1 bis 20 ist,
• Hydroxymischether,
• Sorbitanfettsäureester und Anlagerungeprodukte von Ethylenoxid an Sorbitanfettsäureester wie beispielsweise die Polysorbate,
• Zuckerfettsäureester und Anlagerungsprodukte von Ethylenoxid an Zuckerfettsäureester,
• Anlagerungsprodukte von Ethylenoxid an Fettsäurealkanolamide und Fettamine,
• Fettsäure-N-alkylglucamide.

Other non-ionic surfactants that can be used include

• Polyol fatty acid esters,
• alkoxylated triglycerides,
• alkoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters of the formula R ³ CO-(OCH ₂ CHR ⁴ ) _w OR ⁵ ,
  in which R ³ CO represents a linear or branched, saturated and/or unsaturated acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ⁴ represents hydrogen or methyl and R ⁵ represents linear or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and w is 1 to 20,
• Hydroxy mixed ethers,
• Sorbitan fatty acid esters and addition products of ethylene oxide to sorbitan fatty acid esters such as polysorbates,
• Sugar fatty acid esters and addition products of ethylene oxide with sugar fatty acid esters,
• Addition products of ethylene oxide to fatty acid alkanolamides and fatty amines,
• Fatty acid N-alkylglucamides.

The surfactant compositions of the invention described herein may also contain several of the nonionic surfactants described above.

• 10 bis 60 Gew.-%, insbesondere 25 bis 40 Gew.-%, mindestens eines anionischen Tensids und
• 2 bis 35 Gew.-%, insbesondere 18 bis 28 Gew.-%, mindestens eines nichtionischen Tensids.

Viscoelastic, solid surfactant compositions which are particularly preferred according to the invention, in particular as textile detergents, each contain, based on the total weight, a total amount of

• 10 to 60 wt. %, in particular 25 to 40 wt. %, of at least one anionic surfactant and
• 2 to 35% by weight, in particular 18 to 28% by weight, of at least one non-ionic surfactant.

1. (A) Viskoelastische, festförmige Tensidzusammensetzung, enthaltend als Tensid jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Zusammensetzung mindestens jeweils eine Gesamtmenge von
   • 10 bis 60 Gew.-% mindestens eines anionischen Tensids, wobei als anionisches Tensid mindestens ein C_9-13-Alkylbenzolsulfonat enthalten ist, und
   • 2 bis 35 Gew.-% mindestens eines nichtionischen Tensids, wobei als nichtionisches Tensid mindestens ein alkoxylierter Alkohol mit 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und durchschnittlich 4 bis 12 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) pro Mol Alkohol enthalten ist.
2. (B) Viskoelastische, festförmige Tensidzusammensetzung, enthaltend als Tensid jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Zusammensetzung mindestens jeweils eine Gesamtmenge von
   • 10 bis 60 Gew.-% mindestens eines anionischen Tensids, wobei als anionisches Tensid mindestens 5 bis 60 Gew.-% mindestens eines C_9-13-Alkylbenzolsulfonats enthalten ist, und
   • 2 bis 35 Gew.-% mindestens eines nichtionischen Tensids, wobei als nichtionisches Tensid mindestens 2 bis 35 Gew.-% mindestens eines alkoxylierten Alkohols mit 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und durchschnittlich 4 bis 12 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) pro Mol Alkohol enthalten ist.
3. (C) Viskoelastische, festförmige Tensidzusammensetzung, enthaltend als Tensid jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Zusammensetzung mindestens jeweils eine Gesamtmenge von
   • 25 bis 40 Gew.-% mindestens eines anionischen Tensids, wobei als anionisches Tensid mindestens ein C_9-13-Alkylbenzolsulfonat enthalten ist, und
   • 18 bis 28 Gew.-% mindestens eines nichtionischen Tensids, wobei als nichtionisches Tensid mindestens ein alkoxylierter Alkohol mit 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und durchschnittlich 4 bis 12 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) pro Mol Alkohol enthalten ist.
4. (D) Viskoelastische, festförmige Tensidzusammensetzung, enthaltend als Tensid jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Zusammensetzung mindestens jeweils eine Gesamtmenge von
   • 25 bis 40 Gew.-% mindestens eines anionischen Tensids, wobei als anionisches Tensid mindestens 25 bis 40 Gew.-% mindestens eines C_9-13-Alkylbenzolsulfonats enthalten ist, und
   • 18 bis 28 Gew.-% mindestens eines nichtionischen Tensids, wobei als nichtionisches Tensid mindestens 18 bis 28 Gew.-% mindestens eines alkoxylierten Alkohols mit 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und durchschnittlich 4 bis 12 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) pro Mol Alkohol enthalten ist.

Viscoelastic, solid surfactant compositions according to the invention which are particularly preferred according to the invention (in particular as textile detergents) contain, in addition to water and the said organic compound of component (ii), at least one surfactant combination as described below for compositions (A) to (D):

1. (A) Viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition containing as surfactant, based on the total weight of the composition, at least a total amount of
   • 10 to 60% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant, wherein the anionic surfactant is at least one C _9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonate, and
   • 2 to 35% by weight of at least one non-ionic surfactant, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is at least one alkoxylated alcohol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 4 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol.
2. (B) Viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition containing as surfactant, based on the total weight of the composition, at least a total amount of
   • 10 to 60% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant, wherein at least 5 to 60% by weight of at least one C _9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonate is contained as the anionic surfactant, and
   • 2 to 35% by weight of at least one non-ionic surfactant, wherein the non-ionic surfactant contains at least 2 to 35% by weight of at least one alkoxylated alcohol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 4 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol.
3. (C) Viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition containing as surfactant, based on the total weight of the composition, at least a total amount of
   • 25 to 40 wt.% of at least one anionic surfactant, wherein the anionic surfactant is at least one C _9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonate, and
   • 18 to 28 wt.% of at least one non-ionic surfactant, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is at least one alkoxylated alcohol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 4 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol.
4. (D) Viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition containing as surfactant, based on the total weight of the composition, at least a total amount of
   • 25 to 40% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant, wherein the anionic surfactant comprises at least 25 to 40% by weight of at least one C _9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonate, and
   • 18 to 28% by weight of at least one non-ionic surfactant, wherein the non-ionic surfactant contains at least 18 to 28% by weight of at least one alkoxylated alcohol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 4 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol.

When providing all of the aforementioned surfactant compositions with a specific amount of selected surfactant, the amounts of the individual surfactant components must of course be selected within the specified quantity ranges of the individual surfactant components in such a way that the specified total amount of surfactant is maintained.

It is preferred according to the invention if the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition according to the invention (in particular as a textile detergent) contains at least one polyalkoxylated polyamine in addition to the surfactant.

The polyalkoxylated polyamine in the context of the present invention and its individual aspects is a polymer with a backbone containing N atoms, which carries polyalkoxy groups on the N atoms. The polyamine has primary amino functions at the ends (terminus and/or side chains) and preferably both secondary and tertiary amino functions in the interior; if appropriate, it can also have only secondary amino functions in the interior, so that a linear rather than a branched-chain polyamine is obtained. The ratio of primary to secondary amino groups in the polyamine is preferably in the range from 1:0.5 to 1:1.5, in particular in the range from 1:0.7 to 1:1. The ratio of primary to tertiary amino groups in the polyamine is preferably in the range from 1:0.2 to 1:1, in particular in the range from 1:0.5 to 1:0.8. The polyamine preferably has an average molecular weight in the range from 500 g/mol to 50,000 g/mol, in particular from 550 g/mol to 5,000 g/mol. The N atoms in the polyamine are separated from one another by alkylene groups, preferably by alkylene groups with 2 to 12 C atoms, in particular 2 to 6 C atoms, whereby not all alkylene groups have to have the same number of C atoms. Particularly preferred are ethylene groups, 1,2-propylene groups, 1,3-propylene groups, and their Mixtures. Polyamines that carry ethylene groups as the alkylene group are also referred to as polyethyleneimine or PEI. PEI is a particularly preferred polymer according to the invention with an N-atom-containing backbone.

The primary amino functions in the polyamine can carry 1 or 2 polyalkoxy groups and the secondary amino functions 1 polyalkoxy group, whereby not every amino function has to be substituted by alkoxy groups. The average number of alkoxy groups per primary and secondary amino function in the polyalkoxylated polyamine is preferably 1 to 100, in particular 5 to 50. The alkoxy groups in the polyalkoxylated polyamine are preferably polypropoxy groups which are bonded directly to N atoms and/or polyethoxy groups which are bonded to any propoxy radicals present and to N atoms which do not carry any propoxy groups.

Polyethoxylated polyamines are obtained by reacting polyamines with ethylene oxide (EO for short). The polyalkoxylated polyamines containing ethoxy and propoxy groups are preferably accessible by reacting polyamines with propylene oxide (PO for short) and subsequent reaction with ethylene oxide.

The average number of propoxy groups per primary and secondary amino function in the polyalkoxylated polyamine is preferably 1 to 40, in particular 5 to 20,

The average number of ethoxy groups per primary and secondary amino function in the polyalkoxylated polyamine is preferably 10 to 60, in particular 15 to 30.

If desired, the terminal OH function polyalkoxy substituents in the polyalkoxylated polyamine can be partially or completely etherified with a C ₁ - C ₁₀ , in particular C ₁ -C ₃ , alkyl group.

Polyalkoxylated polyamines which are particularly preferred according to the invention can be selected from polyamine reacted with 45EO per primary and secondary amino function, PEI's reacted with 43EO per primary and secondary amino function, PEI's reacted with 15EO + 5PO per primary and secondary amino function, PEI's reacted with 15PO + 30EO per primary and secondary amino function, PEI's reacted with 5PO + 39.5EO per primary and secondary amino function, PEI's reacted with 5PO + 15EO per primary and secondary amino function, PEI's reacted with 10PO + 35EO per primary and secondary amino function, PEI's reacted with 15PO + 30EO per primary and secondary amino function and PEI's reacted with 15PO + 5EO per primary and secondary amino function. A particularly preferred alkoxylated polyamine is PEI containing 10 to 20 nitrogen atoms reacted with 20 units of EO per primary or secondary amino function of the polyamine.

A further preferred subject of the invention is the use of polyalkoxylated polyamines which are obtainable by reacting polyamines with ethylene oxide and optionally additionally propylene oxide. If polyalkoxylated polyamines with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are used, the proportion of propylene oxide in the total amount of alkylene oxide is preferably 2 mol% to 18 mol%, in particular 8 mol% to 15 mol%.

The viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition according to the invention preferably additionally contains, based on its weight, polyalkoxylated polyamines in a total amount of 0.5 to 12 wt.%, in particular 5.0 to 9.0 wt.%.

In a further preferred embodiment, the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition according to the invention, in particular as a textile detergent, additionally contains at least one soil-release active ingredient. Substances capable of removing dirt are often referred to as "soil-release" active ingredients or, because of their ability to make the treated surface, preferably textiles, dirt-repellent, as "soil repellents". Particularly effective dirt-removing active ingredients due to their chemical similarity to polyester fibers, but which can also have the desired effect on fabrics made of other materials, are copolyesters that contain dicarboxylic acid units, alkylene glycol units and polyalkylene glycol units. Dirt-removing polyesters of the type mentioned, as well as their use, preferably in detergents for textiles, have been known for a long time.

For example, polymers made of ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide terephthalate, in which the polyethylene glycol units have molecular weights of 750 to 5000 and the molar ratio of ethylene terephthalate to polyethylene oxide terephthalate is 50:50 to 90:10, and their use in detergents in the German patent specification DE 28 57 292 Polymers with a molecular weight of 15,000 to 50,000 made from ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide terephthalate, where the polyethylene glycol units have molecular weights of 1,000 to 10,000 and the molar ratio of ethylene terephthalate to polyethylene oxide terephthalate is 2:1 to 6:1, can be prepared according to the German laid-open specification EN 33 24 258 used in detergents. The European patent EP066944 relates to textile treatment agents containing a copolyester of ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, aromatic dicarboxylic acid and sulfonated aromatic dicarboxylic acid in certain molar ratios. From the European patent EP185 427 Methyl or ethyl group-end-capped polyesters with ethylene and/or propylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide terephthalate units and detergents containing such soil-release polymers are known. The European patent EP241984 relates to a polyester which, in addition to oxyethylene groups and terephthalic acid units, also contains substituted ethylene units and glycerol units. From the European patent EP241985 Polyesters are known which, in addition to oxyethylene groups and terephthalic acid units, contain 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene and/or 3-methoxy-1,2-propylene groups and glycerol units and are substituted with C ₁ to C ₄ alkyl groups are end-group capped. The European patent specification EP253567 relates to soil-release polymers with a molecular weight of 900 to 9000 made from ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide terephthalate, the polyethylene glycol units having molecular weights of 300 to 3000 and the molar ratio of ethylene terephthalate to polyethylene oxide terephthalate being 0.6 to 0.95. From the European patent application EP272033 Polyesters with polypropylene terephthalate and polyoxyethylene terephthalate units that are end-capped at least partially by C _1-4 alkyl or acyl radicals are known. The European patent EP274 907 describes sulfoethyl-terminated terephthalate-containing soil-release polyesters. In the European patent application EP357280 Soil-release polyesters with terephthalate, alkylene glycol and poly-C _2-4 glycol units are produced by sulfonation of unsaturated end groups.

        -[(O-CHR⁵-CHR⁶)_c-OR⁷]_f     (E-III)

        -[Polyfunktionelle Einheit-]_g     (E-IV)

in denen

• a, b und c unabhängig voneinander jeweils für eine Zahl von 1 bis 200 steht,
• d, e und f unabhängig voneinander jeweils für eine Zahl von 1 bis 50 steht,
• g für eine Zahl von 0 bis 5 steht,
• Ph für einen 1 ,4-Phenylenrest steht,
• sPh für einen in Position 5 mit einer Gruppe -SOsM substituierten 1 ,3-Phenylenrest steht,
• M für Li, Na, K, Mg/2, Ca/2, AI/3, Ammonium, Mono-, Di-, Tri- oder Tetraalkylammonium steht, wobei es sich bei den Alkylresten der Ammoniumionen um C₁-C₂₂-Alkyl- oder C₂-C₁₀-Hydroxyalkylreste oder deren beliebige Mischungen handelt,
• R¹,R²,R³,R⁴,R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander jeweils für Wasserstoff oder eine C₁-C₁₈- n- oder iso-Alkylgruppe steht,
• R⁷ für eine lineare oder verzweigte C₁-C₃₀-Alkylgruppe oder für eine lineare oder verzweigte C₂-C₃₀-Alkenylgruppe, für eine Cycloalkylgruppe mit 5 bis 9 Kohlenstoffatomen, für eine C₆-C₃₀-Arylgruppe oder für eine C₆-C₃₀-Arylalkygruppe steht, und
• Polyfunktionelle Einheit für eine Einheit mit 3 bis 6 zur Veresterungsreaktion befähigten funktionellen Gruppen steht.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surfactant composition according to the invention contains at least one soil-releasing polyester containing the structural units EI to E-III or EI to E-IV,

-[(O-CHR ⁵ -CHR ⁶ ) _c -OR ⁷ ] _f (E-III)

-[Polyfunctional unit-] _g (E-IV)

in which

• a, b and c each independently represent a number from 1 to 200,
• d, e and f each independently represent a number from 1 to 50,
• g stands for a number from 0 to 5,
• Ph stands for a 1,4-phenylene residue,
• sPh represents a 1,3-phenylene radical substituted in position 5 with a group -SOsM,
• M represents Li, Na, K, Mg/2, Ca/2, AI/3, ammonium, mono-, di-, tri- or tetraalkylammonium, where the alkyl radicals of the ammonium ions are C ₁ -C ₂₂ alkyl or C ₂ -C ₁₀ hydroxyalkyl radicals or any mixtures thereof,
• R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁶ independently of one another each represent hydrogen or a C ₁ -C ₁₈ - n- or iso-alkyl group,
• R ⁷ represents a linear or branched C ₁ -C ₃₀ alkyl group or a linear or branched C ₂ -C ₃₀ alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 9 carbon atoms, a C ₆ -C ₃₀ aryl group or a C ₆ -C ₃₀ arylalkyl group, and
• Polyfunctional unit stands for a unit with 3 to 6 functional groups capable of esterification reaction.

Preferred among these are polyesters in which R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ⁶ independently of one another each represent hydrogen or methyl, R ⁷ represents methyl, a, b and c independently of one another each represent a number from 1 to 200, in particular 1 to 20, particularly preferably 1 to 5, extremely preferably a and b = 1, and c can be a number from 2 to 10, d is a number between 1 and 25, in particular between 1 to 10, particularly preferably between 1 and 5, e is a number between 1 and 30, in particular between 2 and 15, particularly preferably between 3 and 10 and f is a number between 0.05 and 15, in particular between 0.1 and 10 and particularly preferably between 0.25 and 3. Such polyesters can be obtained, for example, by polycondensation of dialkyl terephthalate, dialkyl 5-sulfoisophthalate, alkylene glycols, optionally polyalkylene glycols (where a, b and/or c > 1) and one-sidedly end-capped polyalkylene glycols (corresponding to unit E-III). It should be noted that for numbers a, b, c > 1, a polymeric framework is present and thus the coefficients can assume any value in the given interval as an average value. This value reflects the number-average molecular weight. An ester of terephthalic acid with one or more difunctional, aliphatic alcohols is suitable as unit (EI), with preference being given to using ethylene glycol (R ¹ and R ² each H) and/or 1,2-propylene glycol (R ¹ = H and R ² = - CH ₃ or vice versa) and/or short-chain polyethylene glycols and/or poly[ethylene glycol-co-propylene glycol] with number-average molecular weights of 100 to 2000 g/mol. The structures can contain, for example, 1 to 50 units (EI) per polymer chain. An ester of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid with one or more difunctional, aliphatic alcohols is suitable as unit (E-II), with preference being given to using the aforementioned. The structures can contain, for example, 1 to 50 units (E-II). Preferably used as non-ionic, one-sidedly sealed polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers according to unit (E-III) are poly[ethylene glycol-co-propylene glycol] monomethyl ethers with average molecular weights of 100 to 2000 g/mol and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ethers of the general formula CH ₃ -O-(C ₂ H ₄ O) _n -H with n = 1 to 99, in particular 1 to 20 and particularly preferably 2 to 10. Since the use of such one-sidedly sealed ethers specifies the theoretical maximum average molecular weight of a polyester structure that can be achieved with quantitative conversion, the preferred amount of structural unit (E-III) used is that which is necessary to achieve the average molecular weights described below. Apart from linear polyesters, which consist of the Structural units (EI), (E-II) and (E-III) result, the invention also allows the use of cross-linked or branched polyester structures. This is expressed by the presence of a cross-linking polyfunctional structural unit (E-IV) with at least three to a maximum of 6 functional groups capable of esterification reactions. Functional groups can be, for example, acid, alcohol, ester, anhydride or epoxy groups. Different functionalities in one molecule are also possible. Examples of this are citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and gallic acid, particularly preferably 2,2-dihydroxymethylpropionic acid. Furthermore, polyhydric alcohols such as pentaerythritol, glycerin, sorbitol and/or trimethylolpropane can be used. They can also be polyvalent aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acids, such as benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (hemimellitic acid), benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (trimellitic acid), or benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (trimesithic acid). The weight fraction of crosslinking monomers, based on the total mass of the polyester, can be, for example, up to 10% by weight, in particular up to 5% by weight and particularly preferably up to 3% by weight. The polyesters containing the structural units (EI), (E-II) and (E-III) and optionally (E-IV) generally have number-average molecular weights in the range from 700 to 50,000 g/mol, where the number-average molecular weight can be determined by means of size exclusion chromatography in aqueous solution using calibration with the aid of narrowly distributed polyacrylic acid Na salt standards. The number-average molecular weights are preferably in the range from 800 to 25,000 g/mol, in particular 1,000 to 15,000 g/mol, particularly preferably 1,200 to 12,000 g/mol. According to the invention, solid polyesters which have softening points above 40 °C are preferably used as a component of the particle of the second type; they preferably have a softening point between 50 and 200 °C, particularly preferably between 80 °C and 150 °C and extremely preferably between 100 °C and 120 °C. The polyesters can be synthesized by known methods, for example by first heating the above-mentioned components at normal pressure with the addition of a catalyst and then building up the required molecular weights in a vacuum by distilling off superstoichiometric amounts of the glycols used. The known transesterification and condensation catalysts are suitable for the reaction, such as titanium tetraisopropylate, dibutyltin oxide, alkali or alkaline earth metal alcoholates or antimony trioxide/calcium acetate. For further details, see EP442101 referred to.

The viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition according to the invention can additionally contain at least one enzyme as a washing or cleaning agent. In principle, all enzymes established in the state of the art for textile treatment can be used in this regard. Preferably, it is one or more enzymes that can develop a catalytic activity in a surfactant-containing liquor, in particular a protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase, hemicellulase, mannanase, pectin-splitting enzyme, tannase, xylanase, xanthanase, β-glucosidase, Carrageenase, perhydrolase, oxidase, oxidoreductase and mixtures thereof. Preferred hydrolytic enzymes include in particular proteases, amylases, in particular α-amylases, cellulases, lipases, hemicellulases, in particular pectinases, mannanases, β-glucanases, and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred are proteases, amylases and/or lipases and mixtures thereof and very particularly preferred are proteases. These enzymes are in principle of natural origin; based on the natural molecules, improved variants are available for use in washing or cleaning agents, which are therefore preferably used.

Among the proteases, those of the subtilisin type are preferred. Examples of these are the subtilisins BPN' and Carlsberg, the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309, the alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus, subtilisin DY and the enzymes thermitase, proteinase K and the proteases TW3 and TW7, which are classified as subtilases but no longer as subtilisins in the narrower sense. Subtilisin Carlsberg is available in a further developed form under the trade name Alcalase ^® from Novozymes NS, Bagsvaerd, Denmark. The subtilisins 147 and 309 are sold under the trade names Esperase ^® and Savinase ^® by Novozymes. The protease variants known as BLAP ^® are derived from the protease from Bacillus lentus DSM 5483. Other useful proteases are, for example, the enzymes available under the trade names Durazym ^® , Relase ^® , Everlase ^® , Nafizym ^® , Natalase ^® , Kannase ^® and Ovozyme ^® from Novozymes, the enzymes available under the trade names Purafect ^® , Purafect ^® OxP, Purafect ^® Prime, Excellase ^® and Properase ^® from Genencor, the enzyme available under the trade name Protosol ^® from Advanced Biochemicals Ltd., Thane, India, the enzyme available under the trade name Wuxi ^® from Wuxi Snyder Bioproducts Ltd., China, the enzyme available under the trade names Proleather ^® and Protease P ^® from Amano Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, and the enzyme available under the name Proteinase K-16 from Kao Corp., Tokyo, Japan. The proteases from Bacillus gibsonii and Bacillus pumilus are also particularly preferred.

Examples of amylases which can be used according to the invention are the α-amylases from Bacillus licheniformis, from B. amyloliquefaciens or from B. stearothermophilus and their further developments which have been improved for use in washing or cleaning agents. The enzyme from B. licheniformis is available from Novozymes under the name Termamyl ^® and from Genencor under the name Purastar ^® ST. Further developments of this α-amylase are available from Novozymes under the trade names Duramyl ^® and TermamylOultra, from Genencor under the name Purastar ^® OxAm and from Daiwa Seiko Inc., Tokyo, Japan, as Keistase ^® . The α-amylase from B. amyloliquefaciens is marketed by Novozymes under the name BAN ^® , and derived variants of the α-amylase from B. stearothermophilus under the names BSG ^® and Novamyl ^® , also by Company Novozymes. Also worth mentioning for this purpose are the α-amylase from Bacillus sp. A 7-7 (DSM 12368) and the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from B. agaradherens (DSM 9948). Fusion products of all of the molecules mentioned can also be used. In addition, the further developments of the α-amylase from Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae available under the trade name Fungamyl ^® from the company Novozymes are suitable. Other commercial products that can be used advantageously are, for example, Amylase-LT ^® , as well as Stainzyme ^® or Stainzyme ultra ^® or Stainzyme plus ^® , the latter also from the company Novozymes. Variants of these enzymes that can be obtained by point mutations can also be used according to the invention.

Examples of lipases or cutinases which can be used according to the invention, which are included in particular because of their triglyceride-splitting activities, but also in order to produce peracids from suitable precursors in situ, are the lipases originally obtainable from Humicola lanuginosa (Thermomyces lanuginosus) or further developed lipases, in particular those with the amino acid exchange D96L. They are sold, for example, by the company Novozymes under the trade names Lipolase ^® , Lipolase ^® Ultra, LipoPrime ^® , Lipozyme ^® and Lipex ^® . Furthermore, the cutinases which were originally isolated from Fusarium solani pisi and Humicola insolens can be used. Lipases which can also be used are available from the company Amano under the names Lipase CE ^® , Lipase P ^® , Lipase B ^® , or Lipase CES ^® , Lipase AKG ^® , Bacillus sp. Lipase ^® , Lipase AP ^® , Lipase M-AP ^® and Lipase AML ^® are available. For example, lipases and cutinases from Genencor can be used, the starting enzymes of which were originally isolated from Pseudomonas mendocina and Fusarium solanii. Other important commercial products are the preparations M1 Lipase ^® and Lipomax ^® originally sold by Gist-Brocades and the enzymes sold by Meito Sangyo KK, Japan, under the names Lipase MY-30 ^® , Lipase OF ^® and Lipase PL ^® , as well as the product Lumafast ^® from Genencor.

Depending on the purpose, cellulases can be present as pure enzymes, as enzyme preparations or in the form of mixtures in which the individual components advantageously complement each other with regard to their various performance aspects, particularly in portions for textile washing. These performance aspects include in particular the contribution of the cellulase to the primary washing performance of the agent (cleaning performance), to the secondary washing performance of the agent (anti-redeposition effect or graying inhibition), to the finishing (fabric effect) or to the exertion of a "stone washed" effect. A useful fungal cellulase preparation rich in endoglucanase (EG) or its further developments is offered by Novozymes under the trade name Celluzyme ^® . The products Endolase ^® and Carezyme ^®, also available from Novozymes, are based on the 50 kD EG and the 43 kD EG from H. insolens DSM 1800 respectively. Other commercial products that can be used This company's products are Cellusoft ^® , Renozyme ^® and Celluclean ^® . Other products that can also be used include the 20 kD EG from Melanocarpus, which is available from AB Enzymes, Finland, under the trade names Ecostone ^® and Biotouch ^® . Other commercial products from AB Enzymes are Econase ^® and Ecopulp ^® . Other suitable cellulases are from Bacillus sp. CBS 670.93 and CBS 669.93, whereby the one from Bacillus sp. CBS 670.93 is available from Genencor under the trade name Puradax ^® . Other commercial products from Genencor are "Genencor detergent cellulase L" and IndiAge ^® Neutra. Variants of these enzymes that can be obtained by point mutations can also be used according to the invention. Particularly preferred cellulases are Thielavia terrestris cellulase variants, cellulases from Melanocarpus, in particular Melanocarpus albomyces, cellulases of the EGIII type from Trichoderma reesei or variants obtainable therefrom.

Furthermore, other enzymes can be used, in particular to remove certain problematic soilings on the substrate, which are summarized under the term hemicellulases. These include, for example, mannanases, xanthan lyases, xanthanases, xyloglucanases, xylanases, pullulanases, pectin-splitting enzymes and β-glucanases. The β-glucanase obtained from Bacillus subtilis is available under the name Cereflo ^® from the company Novozymes. Hemicellulases that are particularly preferred according to the invention are mannanases, which are sold, for example, under the trade names Mannaway ^® by the company Novozymes or Purabrite ^® by the company Genencor. In the context of the present invention, the pectin-cleaving enzymes also include enzymes with the names pectinase, pectate lyase, pectin esterase, pectin demethoxylase, pectin methoxylase, pectin methyl esterase, pectin, pectin methyl esterase, pectin esterase, pectin pectyl hydrolase, pectin depolymerase, endopolygalacturonase, pectolase, pectin hydrolase, pectin polygalacturonase, endo-polygalacturonase, poly-α-1,4-galacturonide glycanohydrolase, endogalacturonase, endo-D-galacturonase, galacturan 1,4-α-galacturonidase, exopolygalacturonase, poly(galacturonate) hydrolase, exo-D-galacturonase, exo-D-galacturonanase, Exopoly-D-galacturonase, exo-poly-α-galacturonosidase, exopolygalacturonosidase or exopolygalacturanosidase. Examples of suitable enzymes in this regard are available under the names Gamanase ^® , Pektinex AR ^® , X-Pect ^® or Pectaway ^® from the company Novozymes, under the names Rohapect UF ^® , Rohapect TPL ^® , Rohapect PTE100 ^® , Rohapect MPE ^® , Rohapect MA plus HC, Rohapect DA12L ^® , Rohapect 10L ^® , Rohapect B1L ^® from the company AB Enzymes and under the name Pyrolase ^® from the company Diversa Corp., San Diego, CA, USA.

Among all these enzymes, those that are comparatively stable against oxidation or that have been stabilized, for example, by point mutagenesis are particularly preferred. These include in particular the commercial products Everlase ^® and Purafect ^® OxP mentioned above. as examples of such proteases and Duramyl ^® as an example of such α-amylase.

The viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition according to the invention preferably contains enzymes in total amounts of 1 x 10 ^-8 to 5 percent by weight based on active protein. The enzymes are preferably contained in a total amount of 0.001 to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 1.5% by weight, even more preferably 0.05 to 1.25% by weight and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by weight.

Furthermore, additional ingredients in the surfactant composition according to the invention as a washing or cleaning agent may include builders, complexing agents, optical brighteners (preferably in textile detergents), pH adjusters, perfume, dye, dye transfer inhibitor or mixtures thereof.

The use of builder substances such as silicates, aluminum silicates (especially zeolites), salts of organic di- and polycarboxylic acids as well as mixtures of these substances, preferably water-soluble builder substances, can be advantageous.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the use of phosphates (also polyphosphates) is largely or completely avoided. The viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition according to the invention in this embodiment preferably contains less than 5% by weight, particularly preferably less than 3% by weight, in particular less than 1% by weight of phosphate(s). The surfactant composition according to the invention in this embodiment is particularly preferably completely phosphate-free, i.e. the compositions contain less than 0.1% by weight of phosphate(s).

The builders include in particular carbonates, citrates, phosphonates, organic builders and silicates. The weight proportion of the total builders in the total weight of the viscoelastic, solid composition according to the invention is preferably 15 to 80 wt.% and in particular 20 to 70 wt.% for dishwashing detergents.

Organic builders suitable according to the invention are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids (polycarboxylates) which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, whereby polycarboxylic acids are understood to be carboxylic acids which carry more than one, in particular two to eight acid functions, preferably two to six, in particular two, three, four or five acid functions in the entire molecule. Preferred polycarboxylic acids are therefore dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, tetracarboxylic acids and pentacarboxylic acids, in particular di-, tri- and tetracarboxylic acids. The polycarboxylic acids can also carry other functional groups, such as hydroxyl or amino groups. Examples of these are citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, Fumaric acid, sugar acids (preferably aldaric acids, for example galactaric acid and glucaric acid), aminocarboxylic acids, in particular aminodicarboxylic acids, aminotricarboxylic acids, aminotetracarboxylic acids such as nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), glutamic N,N-diacetic acid (also known as N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid or GLDA), methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) and their derivatives and mixtures thereof. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, GLDA, MGDA and mixtures thereof.

Also suitable as organic builders are polymeric polycarboxylates (organic polymers with a large number of (especially more than ten) carboxylate functions in the macromolecule), polyaspartates, polyacetals and dextrins.

In addition to their builder effect, the free acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component. In particular, these include citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures of these.

Particularly preferred surfactant compositions according to the invention contain one or more salts of citric acid, i.e. citrates, as one of their essential builders. These are contained in the surfactant compositions according to the invention (in particular for textile washing) preferably in a proportion of 0.3 to 10 wt. %, in particular 0.5 to 8 wt. %, in particular 0.7 to 6.0 wt. %, particularly preferably 0.8 to 5.0 wt. %, in each case based on the total weight of the composition. One or more salts of citric acid are contained in the surfactant compositions according to the invention (in particular for cleaning hard surfaces, in particular for dishwashing) preferably in a proportion of 2 to 40 wt. %, in particular 5 to 30 wt. %, in particular 7 to 28 wt. %, particularly preferably 10 to 25 wt. %, very particularly preferably 15 to 20 wt. %, in each case based on the total weight of the composition.

The viscoelastic, solid surfactant compositions according to the invention can contain phosphonates in particular as a further builder. A hydroxyalkane and/or aminoalkane phosphonate is preferably used as the phosphonate compound. Of particular importance among the hydroxyalkane phosphonates is 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP). Ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologues are preferably used as aminoalkane phosphonates. Phosphonates are contained in viscoelastic, solid surfactant compositions according to the invention preferably in amounts of 0.1 to 10% by weight, in particular in amounts of 0.5 to 8% by weight, very particularly preferably 2.5 to 7.5% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the composition. The combined use of citrate, (hydrogen) carbonate and phosphonate is particularly preferred (particularly for use in dishwashing detergents). These can be used in the amounts mentioned above. In particular, in this combination, amounts of, in each case based on the total weight of the composition, 10 to 25% by weight of citrate, 10 to 30% by weight of carbonate (or hydrogen carbonate), and 2.5 to 7.5% by weight of phosphonate are used in the surfactant compositions according to the invention.

Other particularly preferred surfactant compositions according to the invention, in particular washing or cleaning agents, preferably dishwashing detergents, more preferably automatic dishwashing detergents, are characterized in that they contain at least one further phosphorus-free builder in addition to citrate and (hydrogen) carbonate and optionally phosphonate. In particular, this is selected from the aminocarboxylic acids, with the further phosphorus-free builder preferably being selected from methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), glutamic acid diacetate (GLDA), aspartic acid diacetate (ASDA), hydroxyethyliminodiacetate (HEIDA), iminodisuccinate (IDS) and ethylenediamine disuccinate (EDDS), particularly preferably from MGDA or GLDA. A particularly preferred combination is, for example, citrate, (hydrogen) carbonate and MGDA and optionally phosphonate.

The weight percent of the additional phosphorus-free builder, in particular MGDA and/or GLDA, is preferably 0 to 40 weight percent, in particular 5 to 30 weight percent, above all 7 to 25 weight percent. The use of MGDA or GLDA, in particular MGDA, as granules is particularly preferred. MGDA granules that contain as little water as possible and/or have a lower hygroscopicity (water absorption at 25°C, normal pressure) compared to the non-granulated powder are advantageous. The combination of at least three, in particular at least four builders from the above-mentioned group has proven to be advantageous for the cleaning and rinsing performance of surfactant compositions according to the invention, in particular dishwashing detergents, preferably automatic dishwashing detergents. In addition, other builders can also be included.

Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as organic builders. These are, for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular mass of 500 to 70,000 g/mol. Suitable polymers are in particular polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular mass of 1,000 to 20,000 g/mol. Due to their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates from this group, which have molecular masses of 1,100 to 10,000 g/mol, and particularly preferably of 1,200 to 5,000 g/mol, can be preferred.

The viscoelastic, solid surfactant compositions according to the invention can further contain crystalline layered silicates of the general formula NaMSi _x O _2x+1 · y as builder. H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 22, preferably from 1.9 to 4, particularly preferred values for x being 2, 3 or 4, and y is a number from 0 to 33, preferably from 0 to 20. Amorphous sodium silicates with a Na ₂ O:SiO ₂ modulus of 1:2 to 1:3.3, preferably from 1:2 to 1:2.8 and in particular from 1:2 to 1:2.6, which are preferably dissolving-retarded and have secondary washing properties, can also be used.

An optical brightener is preferably selected from the substance classes of distyrylbiphenyls, stilbenes, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diarylpyrazolines, naphthalimides, benzoxazole systems, benzisoxazole systems, benzimidazole systems, heterocycle-substituted pyrene derivatives and mixtures thereof.

Particularly preferred optical brighteners include disodium 4,4'-bis-(2-morpholino-4-anilino-s-triazin-6-ylamino)stilbene disulfonate (for example available as Tinopal ^® DMS from BASF SE), disodium 2,2'-bis-(phenyl-styryl)disulfonate (for example available as Tinopal ^® CBS from BASF SE), 4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (for example available as Tinopal ^® UNPA from BASF SE), Hexasodium 2,2'-[vinylenebis[(3-sulphonato-4,1-phenylene)imino[6-(diethylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-diyl]imino]]bis-(benzene-1,4-disulfonate) (for example available as Tinopal ^® SFP from BASF SE), 2,2'-(2,5-thiophenediyl)bis[5-1,1-dimethylethyl)benzoxazole (for example available as Tinopal ^® SFP from BASF SE) and/or 2,5-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene.

It is preferred that the color transfer inhibitor is a polymer or copolymer of cyclic amines such as vinylpyrrolidone and/or vinylimidazole. Polymers suitable as color transfer inhibitors include polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinylimidazole (PVI), copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole (PVP/PVI), polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide, poly-N-carboxymethyl-4-vinylpyridium chloride, polyethylene glycol-modified copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole and mixtures thereof. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinylimidazole (PVI) or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole (PVP/PVI) are particularly preferably used as color transfer inhibitors. The polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP) used preferably have an average molecular weight of 2,500 to 400,000 and are commercially available from ISP Chemicals as PVP K 15, PVP K 30, PVP K 60 or PVP K 90 or from BASF as Sokalan ^® HP 50 or Sokalan ^® HP 53. The copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole (PVP/PVI) used preferably have a molecular weight in the range of 5,000 to 100,000. A PVP/PVI copolymer is commercially available, for example, from BASF under the name Sokalan ^® HP 56. Another color transfer inhibitor that is extremely preferred is polyethylene glycol-modified copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole, which are available, for example, from BASF under the name Sokalan ^® HP 66.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition according to the invention contains incorporated solid particles (hereinafter also referred to as particles). Such dispersed solid particles are to be understood as solid substances which do not dissolve in the liquefied phase of the surfactant composition according to the invention at temperatures of up to 5°C units above the sol-gel temperature of the solid surfactant composition according to the invention and are present as a separate phase. During the production of the viscoelastic surfactant compositions according to the invention, these particles are suspended in the liquid phase above the sol-gel temperature and the liquid phase is then cooled below the sol-gel temperature to obtain the viscoelastic surfactant composition according to the invention.

The solid particles are preferably selected from polymers, pearlescent pigments, microcapsules, speckles or mixtures thereof.

Microcapsules in the sense of the present invention include any type of capsule known to the person skilled in the art, but in particular core-shell capsules and matrix capsules. Matrix capsules are porous molded bodies that have a structure similar to a sponge. Core-shell capsules are molded bodies that have a core and a shell. Suitable microcapsules are those capsules that have an average diameter X _50.3 (volume average) of 0.1 to 200 µm, preferably 1 to 100 µm, more preferably 5 to 80 µm, particularly preferably 10 to 50 µm and in particular 15 to 40 µm. The average particle size diameter X _50.3 is determined by sieving or using a Camsizer particle size analyzer from Retsch.

The microcapsules of the invention preferably contain at least one active ingredient, preferably at least one fragrance. These preferred microcapsules are perfume microcapsules.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the microcapsules have a semipermeable capsule wall (shell).

A semipermeable capsule wall in the sense of the present invention is a capsule wall that is semi-permeable, i.e. it continuously releases small amounts of the capsule core over time without the capsule being damaged or opened, for example by friction. Such capsules continuously release small amounts of the active ingredient in the capsule, e.g. perfume, over a longer period of time.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the microcapsules have an impermeable shell. An impermeable shell in the sense of the present invention is a capsule wall that is essentially impermeable, i.e. the capsule core is only exposed when the capsule is damaged or opened. Such capsules contain significant amounts of the at least one fragrance, so that if the capsule is damaged or opened, a very intense scent is provided. The scent intensities achieved in this way are usually so high that smaller quantities of microcapsules can be used to achieve the same scent intensity as with conventional microcapsules.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the surfactant composition according to the invention contains both microcapsules with a semi-permeable shell and microcapsules with an impermeable shell. By using both types of capsules, a significantly improved fragrance intensity can be provided over the entire laundry cycle.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition according to the invention can also contain two or more different types of microcapsules with a semipermeable or impermeable shell.

High molecular weight compounds are usually suitable as materials for the shell of the microcapsules, such as protein compounds such as gelatin, albumin, casein and others, cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, carboxymethylcellulose and others, and above all synthetic polymers such as polyamides, polyethylene glycols, polyurethanes, epoxy resins and others. Melamine-formaldehyde polymer, melamine-urea polymer, melamine-urea-formaldehyde polymer, polyacrylate polymer or polyacrylate copolymer is preferably used as the wall material, i.e. as the shell. Capsules according to the invention are used, for example, but not exclusively, in US 2003/0125222 A1 , EN 10 2008 051 799 A1 or WO 01/49817 described.

Preferred melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules are prepared by condensing melamine-formaldehyde precondensates and/or their C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl ethers in water in which the at least one odor modulator compound and optionally further ingredients, such as at least one fragrance, are present in the presence of a protective colloid. Suitable protective colloids are, for example, cellulose derivatives such as hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohols, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetates, gelatin, gum arabic, xanthan gum, alginates, pectins, degraded starches, casein, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, water-soluble polymers containing sulfonic acid groups and containing sulfoethyl acrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylate or sulfopropyl methacrylate, as well as polymers of N-(sulfoethyl)-maleimide, 2-acrylamido-2-alkylsulfonic acids, styrenesulfonic acids and formaldehyde as well as condensates of phenolsulfonic acids and formaldehyde.

It is preferred to coat the microcapsules used according to the invention on their surface completely or partially with at least one cationic polymer. Accordingly, at least one cationic polymer made of Polyquaternium-1, Polyquaternium-2, Polyquaternium-4, Polyquaternium-5, Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7, Polyquaternium-8, Polyquaternium-9, Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium-12, Polyquaternium-13, Polyquaternium-14, Polyquaternium-15, Polyquaternium-16, Polyquaternium-17, Polyquaternium-18, Polyquaternium-19, Polyquaternium-20, Polyquaternium-22, Polyquaternium-24, Polyquaternium-27, Polyquaternium-28, Polyquaternium-29, Polyquaternium-30, Polyquaternium-31, Polyquaternium-32, Polyquaternium-33, Polyquaternium-34, Polyquaternium-35, Polyquaternium-36, Polyquaternium-37, Polyquaternium-39, Polyquaternium-43, Polyquaternium-44, Polyquaternium-45, Polyquaternium-46, Polyquaternium-47, Polyquaternium-48, Polyquaternium-49, Polyquaternium-50, Polyquaternium-51, Polyquaternium-56, Polyquaternium-57, Polyquaternium-61, Polyquaternium-69, Polyquaternium-86. Polyquaternium-7 is particularly preferred. The Polyquaternium nomenclature of the cationic polymers used in this application is taken from the declaration of cationic polymers according to the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI declaration) of cosmetic raw materials.

Preferably usable microcapsules have average diameters X _50.3 in the range from 1 to 100 µm, preferably from 5 to 95 µm, in particular from 10 to 90 µm, for example from 10 to 80 µm.

The shell of the microcapsules enclosing the core or (filled) cavity preferably has an average thickness in the range of about 5 to 500 nm, preferably from about 50 nm to 200 nm, in particular from about 70 nm to about 180 nm.

Pearlescent pigments are pigments that have a pearlescent sheen. Pearlescent pigments consist of thin flakes that have a high refractive index and are partially reflecting light and partially transparent to light. The pearlescent sheen is created by interference of the light hitting the pigment (interference pigment). Pearlescent pigments are usually thin flakes of the above-mentioned material, or contain the above-mentioned material as thin multilayer films or as parallel components in a suitable carrier material.

The pearlescent pigments that can be used according to the invention are either natural pearlescent pigments such as fish silver (guanine/hypoxanthine mixed crystals from fish scales) or mother of pearl (from ground mussel shells), monocrystalline flake-shaped pearlescent pigments such as bismuth oxychloride and pearlescent pigments based on mica and mica/metal oxide. The latter pearlescent pigments are mica that has been coated with a metal oxide.

By using the pearlescent pigments in the suspension according to the invention, gloss and, if necessary, additional color effects are achieved.

Pearlescent pigments based on mica and mica/metal oxide are preferred according to the invention. Micas belong to the layered silicates. The most important representatives of these silicates are muscovite, phlogopite, paragonite, biotite, lepidolite and margarite. To produce the pearlescent pigments in combination with metal oxides, the mica, predominantly muscovite or phlogopite, is coated with a metal oxide. Suitable metal oxides include TiO ₂ , Cr ₂ O ₃ and Fe ₂ O ₃ . By appropriate coating, interference pigments and colored luster pigments are obtained as pearlescent pigments according to the invention. In addition to a glittering optical effect, these types of pearlescent pigment also have color effects. Furthermore, the pearlescent pigments that can be used according to the invention can also contain a color pigment that is not derived from a metal oxide.

The grain size of the preferably used pearlescent pigments is preferably an average diameter X _50.3 (volume average) between 1.0 and 100 µm, particularly preferably between 10.0 and 60.0 µm.

For the purposes of the invention, speckles are understood to mean macroparticles, in particular macrocapsules, which have an average diameter X _50.3 (volume average) of more than 300 µm, in particular from 300 to 1500 µm, preferably from 400 to 1000 µm.

Speckles are preferably matrix capsules. The matrix is preferably colored. Matrix formation occurs, for example, via gelation, polyanion-polycation interactions or polyelectrolyte-metal ion interactions and is well known in the art, as is the production of particles with these matrix-forming materials. An example of a matrix-forming material is alginate. To produce alginate-based speckles, an aqueous alginate solution, which may also contain the active ingredient(s) to be included, is dripped and then hardened in a precipitation bath containing Ca ²⁺ ions or Al ³⁺ ions. Alternatively, other matrix-forming materials can be used instead of alginate.

The surfactant compositions according to the invention, in particular as dishwashing detergents, contain in a preferred embodiment as a further component at least one zinc salt as a glass corrosion inhibitor. The zinc salt can be an inorganic or organic zinc salt. The zinc salt to be used according to the invention preferably has a solubility in water of above 100 mg/l, preferably above 500 mg/l, particularly preferably above 1 g/l and in particular above 5 g/l (all solubilities at 20°C water temperature). The inorganic zinc salt is preferably selected from the group consisting of zinc bromide, zinc chloride, zinc iodide, zinc nitrate and zinc sulfate. The organic zinc salt is preferably selected from the group consisting of zinc salts of monomeric or polymeric organic acids, in particular from the group zinc acetate, zinc acetylacetonate, zinc benzoate, zinc formate, zinc lactate, zinc gluconate, zinc ricinoleate, zinc abietate, zinc valerate and zinc p-toluenesulfonate. In a particularly preferred embodiment according to the invention, zinc acetate is used as the zinc salt. The zinc salt is present in surfactant compositions according to the invention preferably in an amount of 0.01% to 5% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of 0.05% to 3% by weight, in particular in an amount of 0.1% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. In addition to or as an alternative to the above-mentioned salts (in particular the zinc salts), polyethyleneimines, such as those available under the name ^Lupasol® (BASF), can be used as glass corrosion inhibitors, preferably in an amount of 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 2% by weight.

The viscoelastic solid surfactant composition of the present invention necessarily contains at least one said organic compound of component (ii).

According to the invention, surfactant compositions in which the carbocyclic structural unit b) is selected from at least one optionally substituted aryl group, in particular one optionally substituted phenyl group, are preferably suitable. It is particularly preferred if a substituted aryl group, in particular a substituted phenyl group, is substituted by at least one of the following radicals: a hydroxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-alkenyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acyloxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkoxy group, an amino group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acylamino group, a (C 1 _{-C 6} )-alkylaminocarbonyl group, an aryl group, an aroyl group, an aroyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-aminoalkyl group, a carboxy-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group.

The further cyclic structural unit c) is different from the carbocyclic structural unit b). The further cyclic structural unit c) binds covalently to the carbocyclic structural unit b) either directly or via a divalent, bridging structural unit (preferably via (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkanediyl). The carbon atoms of the at least two carbonyl groups from the further cyclic structural unit c) form rings. Organic compounds of component (ii) have proven to be particularly suitable in which the further cyclic structural unit c) contains at least two endocyclic amide groups (-NH-C(=O)-). In this case, the structural unit c) already contains at least two -NH- groups as groups a). The further cyclic structural unit c) is selected from at least one 2,5-diketopiperazine structural unit.

Preferred viscoelastic, solid surfactant compositions of the invention contain, based on the total weight of the composition, organic compound of component (ii) in a total amount of at least 0.5% by weight, in particular from 0.5 to 3.0% by weight. It has again proven to be particularly preferred if the surfactant compositions according to the invention (in each case based on the total weight of the composition) contain organic compound of component (ii) in a total amount of at least 0.55% by weight, in particular of at least 0.7% by weight, particularly preferably of at least 0.8% by weight. More preferred are (in each case based on the total weight of the composition) organic compound of component (ii) in a total amount of from 0.5 to 3.0 wt.%, in particular from 0.7 to 2.5 wt.%, very particularly preferably from 0.8 to 2.0 wt.%, most preferably from 0.85 to 1.5 wt.%.

worin R¹, R², R³ und R⁴ stehen unabhängig voneinander für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Hydroxygruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkenylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acyloxygruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkoxygruppe, eine Aminogruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acylaminogruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkylaminocarbonylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe, eine Aroylgruppe, eine Aroyloxygruppe, eine Aryloxygruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxygruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Heteroarylgruppe, eine Hetroaryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Aminoalkylgruppe, eine Carboxy-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, wobei mindestens zwei der Reste R¹ bis R⁴ gemeinsam mit dem Restmolekül einen 5 oder 6-gliedrigen Ring bilden können,
R⁵ steht für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine lineare (C₁ bis C₆)-Alkylgruppe, eine verzweigte (C₃ bis C₁₀)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₃ bis C₆)-Cycloalkylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)- Alkenylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkinylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Acyloxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Aryloxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine O-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)oxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkylsulfanyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₃)- alkylgruppe, eine Heteroarylgruppe, eine Hetroaryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)- Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Aminoalkylgruppe, eine N-(C₁-C₄)-Alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₁-C₄)-Dialkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)- Acylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)- alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Aroyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N- (C₂-C₈)-Diacylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)amino-(C₁-C₄)- alkylgruppe, eine N,N-Di(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)amino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)- Carboxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkoxycarbonyl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)- Acyloxy-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Guanidino-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₁-C₄)-Alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)- alkylgruppe, eine N,N-Di((C₁-C₄)-Alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₂-C₈)-Diacylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)-N-(C₁-C₆,)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe oder eine N,N-Di(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe.The requirements and features of an organic compound of component (ii) according to the invention are met by the organic compounds according to the following formula (I). Surfactant compositions according to the invention therefore contain as component (ii) at least one 2,5-diketopiperazine compound of the formula (I)

wherein R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-alkenyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acyloxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkoxy group, an amino group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acylamino group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkylaminocarbonyl group, an aryl group, an aroyl group, an aroyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-aminoalkyl group, a carboxy-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, where at least two of the radicals R ¹ to R ⁴ together with the residual molecule can form a 5 or 6-membered ring,
R ⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, a linear (C ₁ to C ₆ ) alkyl group, a branched (C ₃ to C ₁₀ ) alkyl group, a (C ₃ to C ₆ ) cycloalkyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkenyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkynyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkoxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) acyloxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, an aryloxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, an O-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl)oxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylsulfanyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an aryl group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-aminoalkyl group, an N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-dialkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-aroyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N- (C ₂ -C ₈ )-diacylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, a N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)amino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-di(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)amino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-carboxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkoxycarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-acyloxy-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a guanidino-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, an aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-di((C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-diacylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)-N-(C ₁ -C ₆ ,)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group or an N,N-di(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )alkyl group.

All radicals defined in this application which contain an aromatic aryl or heteroaryl radical are unsubstituted or substituted. A person skilled in the art understands a substitution to mean the replacement of at least one hydrogen atom bonding directly to the aromatic ring system by at least one radical other than a hydrogen atom. A radical other than a hydrogen atom is preferably understood to mean all radicals defined under the definitions of R ⁵ and R ¹ according to formula (I) which are other than a hydrogen atom, in particular a hydroxy group, an amino group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-alkenyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acyloxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkoxy group, an amino group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acylamino group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkylaminocarbonyl group, an aryl group, an aroyl group, an aroyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-aminoalkyl group.

According to the invention, an alkyl group (or an alkyl structural fragment of a more complex group) is a group selected from linear alkyl group, branched alkyl group or cyclic alkyl group (also: cycloalkyl group). Preferred linear or branched (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkyl groups are selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, neo-pentyl, n-hexyl. Preferred branched (C ₃ -C ₁₀ )-alkyl groups are selected from iso-propyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, neo-pentyl, iso-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-ethylheptyl. Preferred cyclic alkyl groups ((C ₃ -C ₆ )-cycloalkyl groups) are selected from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl.

Preferred (C ₂ -C ₆ )-alkenyl groups are selected from vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl.

Preferred (C ₂ -C ₆ )-alkynyl groups are selected from ethynyl, propargyl, but-2-ynyl, hex-3-ynyl. Preferred (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acyl groups are selected from acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl, especially acetyl.

Preferred (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acyloxy groups are selected from acetyloxy, propanoyloxy, butanoyloxy, pentanoyloxy and hexanoyloxy, especially acetyloxy.

According to the invention, an alkoxy group is understood to mean an alkyl group which is attached via an oxygen atom and is selected from a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group or a cyclic alkyl group (also: cycloalkyl group). Preferred (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, iso-butoxy, tert-butoxy. Preferred (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acylamino groups are acetylamino, propanoylamino, butanoylamino, pentanoylamino and hexanoylamino, in particular acetylamino.

Preferred (C ₂ -C ₆ )-alkylaminocarbonyl groups are ethylaminocarbonyl (ie CH ₃ CH ₂ -NH-C(=O)-), propylaminocarbonyl, butanoylamino, pentanoylamino and hexanoylamino, especially acetylamino.

Preferred aryl groups are phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, which may be substituted or unsubstituted.

Aroyl groups are arenecarbonyl groups in which a carbonyl group binds directly to the aromatic ring system. Preferred aroyl groups are benzoyl, naphthoyl and anthracenoyl, which can be substituted or unsubstituted.

Aroyloxy groups are aroyl groups that are bonded to the carbonyl radical via an additional oxygen atom. Preferred aroyloxy groups are selected from benzoyloxy, naphthoyloxy and anthracenoyloxy, which may be substituted or unsubstituted.

A preferred aryloxy group is the phenoxy group or the naphthoxy group, which may be substituted or unsubstituted.

Preferred aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl groups are selected from benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylethyl, which may be substituted or unsubstituted.

Preferred heteroaryl groups are pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, furyl, thiophenyl, 1,3,5-triazolyl

Preferred heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl groups are selected from furfuryl, 2-indol-3-ylethyl, indol-3-ylmethyl, pyridylmethyl, which may be substituted or unsubstituted.

It has been found to be particularly preferred if the viscoelastic, solid surfactant compositions according to the invention contain at least one 2,5-diketopiperazine compound of the formula (I) in which R ⁵ represents a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) hydrocarbon group substituted by an aromatic radical, in particular a radical of the following formulae (IV) or (VI) ( vide infra ) .

Preferred viscoelastic, solid surfactant compositions of the invention contain, based on the total weight of the composition, 2,5-diketopiperazine compound according to formula (I) in a total amount of at least 0.5% by weight, in particular from 0.5 to 3.0% by weight. It has again proven to be particularly preferred if the compositions according to the invention (in each case based on the total weight of the composition) contain 2,5-diketopiperazine compound according to formula (I) in a total amount of at least 0.55% by weight, in particular of at least 0.7% by weight, particularly preferably of at least 0.8% by weight. More preferably (in each case based on the total weight of the composition) 2,5-diketopiperazine compound according to formula (I) is contained in a total amount of from 0.5 to 3.0 wt.%, in particular from 0.7 to 2.5 wt.%, very particularly preferably from 0.8 to 2.0 wt.%, most preferably from 0.85 to 1.5 wt.%.

All above-mentioned quantities for the 2,5-diketopiperazine compound preferably also refer to the selected DKP compounds of the formula (I) identified below as preferred.

worin R¹ und R⁵ wie unter Formel (I) (vide supra) definiert sind.It is preferred according to the invention if R ³ and R ⁴ according to formula (I) are a hydrogen atom. It is particularly preferred according to the invention if R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ according to formula (I) are a hydrogen atom. Therefore, very particularly preferred compositions according to the invention contain at least one 2,5-diketopiperazine compound according to formula (Ia)

wherein R ¹ and R ⁵ are as defined under formula (I) (vide supra).

worin R¹ und R⁵ wie zuvor unter Formel (I) (vide supra) definiert sind. Die an den Ringatomen in Formel (I-b) positionierten Ziffern 3 und 6 markieren zur Veranschaulichung lediglich die Positionen 3 und 6 des Diketopiperazinringes, wie sie generell im Rahmen der Erfindung für die Namensgebung aller erfindungsgemäßen 2,5-Diketopiperazine genutzt werden.It has been found to be preferred if the radical R ¹ according to formula (I) and according to formula (Ia) binds in the para position of the phenyl ring. Therefore, in the sense of the present invention those compositions according to the invention which contain at least one 2,5-diketopiperazine compound according to formula (Ib) are preferred,

wherein R ¹ and R ⁵ are as previously defined under formula (I) (vide supra). The numbers 3 and 6 positioned on the ring atoms in formula (Ib) merely mark positions 3 and 6 of the diketopiperazine ring for illustrative purposes, as they are generally used within the scope of the invention for the naming of all 2,5-diketopiperazines according to the invention.

Particularly preferred compounds of formula (Ib) have the following radicals: ^{R1 R5} Hydrogen atom 2-Carboxyethyl Hydrogen atom p-Hydroxybenzyl Hydroxy group p-Hydroxybenzyl Hydrogen atom 2-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)ethyl Hydrogen atom 4-Imidazolylmethyl Hydrogen atom methyl Benzyloxy p-(benzyloxy)-benzyl

• 3-Benzyl-6-iso-propyl-2,5-diketo-[3S,6S]-piperazin,
• 3-Benzyl-6-(4-aminobutyl)-2,5-diketo-[3R,6R]-piperazin
• 3,6-Di(benzyl)-2,5-diketo-[3S,6S]-piperazin.

Also preferred are:

• 3-Benzyl-6-iso-propyl-2,5-diketo-[3S,6S]-piperazine,
• 3-Benzyl-6-(4-aminobutyl)-2,5-diketo-[3R,6R]-piperazine
• 3,6-Di(benzyl)-2,5-diketo-[3S,6S]-piperazine.

The following definitions of preferred radicals R ¹ to R ⁵ apply to compounds of the formula (I), but also to compounds of the formulas (Ia) and (Ib), with the proviso that for the formulas (Ia) and (Ib) the radicals R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ necessarily represent a hydrogen atom.

It has proven advantageous if the composition according to the invention contains at least one compound of the formula (I) in which, according to formula (I), the radicals R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ independently of one another represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a methoxy group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acyloxy group, an aryloxy group, a tosyloxy group, a triflyloxy group, a benzyloxy group or a benzoyloxy group.

• in der R` ein Wasserstoffatom, eine (C₁ bis C₄)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂ bis C₄)-Alkenylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe oder eine Aryl-(C₁ bis C₄)-alkylgruppe bedeutet,
• eine Gruppe gemäß Formel (III),
  
• in der R` ein Wasserstoffatom, eine (C₁ bis C₄)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂ bis C₄)-Alkenylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe oder eine Aryl-(C₁ bis C₄)-alkylgruppe bedeutet,
• eine Gruppe gemäß Formel (IV),
  
• in der n für 0 oder 1 steht, X für ein Sauerstoffatom oder eine Gruppe -NH- steht und R" ein Wasserstoffatom, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂ bis C₄)-Alkenylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe oder eine Aryl-(C₁ bis C₄)-alkylgruppe bedeutet,
• eine Gruppe gemäß Formel (V),
  
• in der n für 1 oder 2 steht und R" und R‴ unabhängig voneinander für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂ - C₆)-Acylgruppe, eine Benzoylgruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁ bis C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Aminoiminomethylgruppe oder eine Tosylgruppe stehen,
• eine Gruppe gemäß Formel (VI),
  
• in der n für 0 oder 1 steht und R ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Hydroxygruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkoxygruppe, eine N-(C₁-C₄)-Alkylaminogruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁ bis C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Acetyloxygruppe, eine Benzoyloxygruppe, eine Triflyloxygruppe oder eine Tosyloxygruppe bedeutet.

In addition, those compositions according to the invention have proven to be particularly suitable which contain at least one compound according to formula (I) in which R ⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkoxymethyl group, a benzyloxymethyl group, an acetyloxymethyl group, a benzoyloxymethyl group, a tosyloxymethyl group, a 1-hydroxyethyl group, a 1-((C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkoxy)ethyl group, a 1-(acetyloxy)ethyl group, a 1-(benzoyloxy)ethyl group, a 1-(tosyloxy)ethyl group, a mercaptomethyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkylsulfanylmethyl group, an acetylsulfanylmethyl group, a Benzoylsulfanylmethyl group, a tosylsulfanylmethyl group, a group according to formula (II),

• in which R` represents a hydrogen atom, a (C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₂ to C ₄ )-alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aryl-(C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group,
• a group according to formula (III),
  
• in which R` represents a hydrogen atom, a (C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₂ to C ₄ )-alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aryl-(C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group,
• a group according to formula (IV),
  
• in which n is 0 or 1, X is an oxygen atom or a group -NH- and R" is a hydrogen atom, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₂ to C ₄ )-alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aryl-(C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group,
• a group according to formula (V),
  
• in which n is 1 or 2 and R" and R‴ independently of one another represent a hydrogen atom, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₂ - C ₆ )-acyl group, a benzoyl group, an aryl-(C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group, an aminoiminomethyl group or a tosyl group,
• a group according to formula (VI),
  
• in which n is 0 or 1 and R is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkoxy group, an N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino group, an aryl-(C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group, an acetyloxy group, a benzoyloxy group, a triflyloxy group or a tosyloxy group.

It is preferred that R' according to formula (II) represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-propyl group, an allyl group, a benzyl group or a phenyl group.

It is preferred if R' according to formula (III) represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a benzyl group, a benzoyloxy group or a phenyl group.

It is preferred if R' according to formula (IV) represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a benzyl group, a benzoyloxy group or a phenyl group.

It is preferred if R" and R‴ according to formula (V) independently represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a benzyl group, a benzoyl group, acetyl group, an aminoiminomethyl group or a tosyl group.

It is preferred if R according to formula (VI) represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a methoxy group, an acetyloxy group, a tosyloxy group, a triflyloxy group, a benzyloxy group or a benzoyloxy group.

When selecting the above-mentioned preferred radicals R ¹ to R ⁵ , it is again preferred if, according to formula (I) and according to formulas (Ia) and (Ib), the radical R ¹ binds in the para position of the phenyl ring.

The 2,5-diketopiperazine compounds of the formula (I) have chiral centers at least at the carbon atoms of positions 3 and 6 of the 2,5-diketopiperazine ring. The numbering of ring positions 3 and 6 was illustrated by way of example in formula (I-b). The 2,5-diketopiperazine compound of the formula (I) of the compositions according to the invention is preferably, based on the stereochemistry of the carbon atoms at positions 3 and 6 of the 2,5-diketopiperazine ring, the configuration isomer 3S,6S , 3R,6S , 3S,6R , 3R,6R or mixtures thereof, particularly preferably 3S,6S.

Very particularly preferred compositions according to the invention contain at least one 2,5-diketopiperazine compound of the formula (I) selected from 3-benzyl-6-carboxyethyl-2,5-diketopiperazine (also: 3-(5-benzyl-3,6-dioxopiperazin-2-yl)propanoic acid), 3-benzyl-6-carboxymethyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-iso-propyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-(4-aminobutyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3,6-di(benzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3,6-di(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3,6-Di(4-(benzyloxy)benzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-(4-imidazolyl)methyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-methyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-(2-(benzyloxycarbonyl)ethyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine (also: 3-(5-benzyl-3,6-dioxopiperazin-2-yl)propanoic acid benzyl ester) or mixtures thereof. In this case, compounds with the aforementioned configuration isomers are preferred for selection.

Most preferably, the viscoelastic, solid surfactant compositions according to the invention preferably contain at least one 2,5-diketopiperazine compound of the formula (I) selected from 3,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione, 3-benzyl-6-isopropylpiperazine-2,5-dione, 3,6-bis(4-(benzyloxy)benzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione, 3-benzyl-piperazine-2,5-dione, 3-benzyl-6-carboxymethylpiperazine-2,5-dione or mixtures thereof. In this case, compounds with the aforementioned configuration isomers are preferably suitable for selection, with the S,S configuration being particularly preferred in each case.

Most preferably, (3S,6S)-3,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione, (3R,6R)-3,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione, (3S,6R)-3,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione, (3R,6S)-3,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione or mixtures thereof are contained in the surfactant compositions according to the invention as component (ii). (3S,6S)-3,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione is again most preferred.

The 2,5-diketopiperazine compounds contained in the agents according to the invention are prepared by means of known synthesis methods (cf. Suzuki et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1981, 29 (1), 233-237 ).

The viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition according to the invention contains water. It is preferred if water is contained in the surfactant composition, based on the total weight of the composition, preferably in a total amount of between 0 and 70% by weight, more preferably between 4 and 70% by weight, more preferably between 10 and 70% by weight, more preferably between 0 and 60% by weight, more preferably between 4 and 60% by weight, more preferably between 10 and 60% by weight, more preferably between 0 and 40% by weight, more preferably between 4 and 40% by weight, more preferably between 10 and 40% by weight, particularly preferably between 0 and 25% by weight, more preferably between 4 and 25% by weight, more preferably between 10 and 25% by weight. The proportion of water in the surfactant composition is very particularly preferably 20% by weight or less, more preferably 15% by weight or less, more preferably 12% by weight or less, in particular between 4 and 20% by weight. The data in % by weight refer to the total weight of the composition.

The solubility of said surfactant composition as well as its stability is improved if the surfactant composition preferably additionally contains at least one organic solvent having at least one hydroxyl group, without an amino group and having a molecular weight of at most 500 g/mol.

This said organic solvent is in turn preferably selected from (C ₂ -C ₈ )-alkanols having at least one hydroxyl group (particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of ethanol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, glycerin, 1,3-propanediol, n-propanol, isopropanol, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, or mixtures thereof), triethylene glycol, butyl diglycol, polyethylene glycols having a weight-average molar mass M _w of at most 500 g/mol, glycerin carbonate, propylene carbonate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol, butyl lactate, 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2,2-Dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, dipropylene glycol, or mixtures thereof.

It is again particularly preferred if said organic solvent is contained in a total amount of 5 to 40 wt.%, in particular 10 to 35 wt.%.

The solution to the technical problem could be further optimized by the surfactant composition preferably additionally containing at least one polyalkylene oxide compound having a weight-average molar mass M _w of at least 4000 g/mol, in particular of at least 6000 g/mol, more preferably of at least 8000 g/mol.

It has proven to be preferred if said polyalkylene oxide compound is selected from polyethylene oxide, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer and mixtures thereof.

Very particularly preferably, polyethylene oxide having a weight-average molar mass M _w of at least 4000 g/mol, in particular of at least 6000 g/mol, more preferably of at least 8000 g/mol, is used as the polyalkylene oxide compound.

In particular, the stability of said surfactant composition is further improved if the surfactant composition additionally contains at least one polymeric polyol, in particular polyvinyl alcohol. According to the present invention, polymeric polyols have more than 3 hydroxyl groups. Suitable polymeric polyols preferably have an average molecular weight of 4000 to 100,000 g/mol.

The surfactant composition according to the invention preferably contains, based on its total weight, a total amount of 1 to 30% by weight, in particular 2 to 20% by weight, of the polymeric polyol.

Polyvinyl alcohols are thermoplastics that are usually produced as a white to yellowish powder by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) is resistant to almost all anhydrous organic solvents. Polyvinyl alcohols with an average molecular weight of 30,000 to 60,000 g/mol are preferred.

Preferred polyvinyl alcohols are those which are in the form of white-yellowish powders or granules with degrees of polymerization in the range of approximately 100 to 2500 (molar masses of approximately 4000 to 100,000 g/mol) and degrees of hydrolysis of 87-99 mol%, which accordingly still contain a residual content of acetyl groups.

In the context of the present invention, it is preferred that the surfactant composition comprises a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis is preferably 70 to 100 mol%, in particular 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol% and above all 82 to 88 mol%. In a preferred embodiment, the water-soluble packaging consists of at least 20 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 40 wt.%, very particularly preferably at least 60% by weight and in particular at least 80% by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis is 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol% and in particular 82 to 88 mol%.

PVOH powders with the above-mentioned properties, which are suitable for use in the at least one second phase, are sold, for example, under the name Mowiol ^® or Poval ^® by Kuraray. The Poval ^® grades are particularly suitable, in particular grades 3-83, 3-88 and 3-98, as well as Mowiol ^® 4-88 from Kuraray.

The water solubility of polyvinyl alcohol can be changed by post-treatment with aldehydes (acetalization) or ketones (ketalization). Polyvinyl alcohols that are acetalized or ketalized with the aldehyde or keto groups of saccharides or polysaccharides or mixtures thereof have proven to be particularly preferred and particularly advantageous due to their extremely good cold water solubility. The reaction products of polyvinyl alcohol and starch are extremely advantageous to use. Furthermore, the water solubility can be changed by complexing with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid, borax and thus specifically adjusted to the desired values.

Surprisingly, it has been found that PVOH and/or gelatin are particularly suitable for producing surfactant compositions which satisfy the requirements shown above. A surfactant composition according to the invention which comprises PVOH and at least one organic solvent as described above is therefore particularly preferred.

To stabilize the viscoelastic, solid composition according to the invention, it is preferred if the composition additionally contains at least one stabilizer selected from magnesium oxide, inorganic salt of Mg, Ca, Zn, Na or K (in particular sulfate, carbonate or acetate, more preferably magnesium sulfate, zinc acetate or calcium acetate), acetamide monoethanolamine, hexamethylenetetramine, guanidine, polypropylene glycol ether, salt of amino acids or mixtures thereof.

It is preferred according to the invention if the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition contains at least one bittering agent to increase product safety.

Preferred bittering agents have a bitterness value of at least 1,000, preferably at least 10,000, particularly preferably at least 200,000. To determine the bitterness value, the standardized procedure described in the European Pharmacopoeia (5th edition, basic work, Stuttgart 2005, Volume 1, General Part, Monograph Groups, 2.8.15, Bitterness Value, p. 278) is used.

An aqueous solution of quinine hydrochloride is used for comparison, the bitterness value of which is set at 200,000. This means that 1 gram of quinine hydrochloride makes 200 liters of water bitter. The interindividual taste differences in the organoleptic testing of bitterness are compensated for in this method by a correction factor.

Particularly preferred bittering agents are selected from denatonium benzoate, glycosides, isoprenoids, alkaloids, amino acids and mixtures thereof, particularly preferably denatonium benzoate.

Glycosides are organic compounds of the general structure R-O-Z, in which an alcohol (R-OH) is linked to a sugar moiety (Z) via a glycosidic bond.

Suitable glycosides are, for example, flavonoids such as quercetin or naringin or iri doidglycosides such as aucubin and in particular secoiri doidqlvcosides such as amarogentin, dihydrofoliamentin, gentiopicroside, gentiopikrin, swertiamarin, sweroside, gentioflavoside, centauroside, methiafolin, harpagoside and centapikrin, sailicin or condurangin.

Isoprenoids are compounds that are formally derived from isoprene. Examples include terpenes and terpenoids.

Suitable isoprenoids include, for example, sequiterpene lactones such as absinthin, artabsin, cnicin, lactucin, lactucine or salonitenolide, monoterpene ketones (thujones) such as α-thujone or β-thujone, tetranortriterpenes (limonoids) such as deoxylimonene, deoxylimonene acid, limonin, ichangin, iso-obacunonic acid, obacunone, obacunonic acid, nomilin or nomilic acid, terpenes such as marrubin, premarrubin, carnosol, carnosolic acid or quassin.

Alkaloids are naturally occurring, chemically heterogeneous, mostly alkaline, nitrogen-containing organic compounds of secondary metabolism that act on the animal or human organism.

Suitable alkaloids include quinine hydrochloride, quinine hydrogen sulfate, quinine dihydrochloride, quinine sulfate, columbine and caffeine.

Suitable amino acids include, for example, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, arginine, histidine, valine and aspartic acid.

Particularly preferred bitter substances are quinine sulfate (bitter value = 10,000), naringin (bitter value = 10,000), sucrose octaacetate (bitter value = 100,000), quinine hydrochloride, denatonium benzoate (bitterness value > 100,000,000) and mixtures thereof, most preferably denatonium benzoate (e.g. available as Bitrex ^® ).

The viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition preferably contains bittering agents in a total amount of at most 1 part by weight of bittering agent to 250 parts by weight of viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition (1:250), particularly preferably at most 1:500, very particularly preferably at most 1:1000, based on its total weight.

The viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition can be prepared by first bringing a liquid composition containing organic compound of component (ii) to a temperature above the sol-gel transition temperature of the liquid composition, and then placing the heated liquid composition in a mold, preferably in a cavity of a trough mold, and cooling it in said mold to below the sol-gel transition temperature to form a viscoelastic, solid molded body.

It is also possible to first bring a first liquid composition containing at least one said organic compound of component (ii) to a temperature above the sol-gel transition temperature of the first liquid composition and to mix this first liquid composition with a second liquid composition having a temperature below the sol-gel transition temperature of the first composition, containing water and at least one surfactant, to obtain a liquid composition containing more than 1% by weight of at least one said organic compound of component (ii), 0.1 to 70% by weight of at least one surfactant and water, and to bring it into a mold.

The respective liquid composition is brought in the mold to below the sol-gel transition temperature of the liquid composition in order to harden the liquid composition. According to the invention, it is preferred if the liquid composition is cooled to not less than 20°C, in particular not less than 25°C, particularly preferably not less than 30°C, to form the said molded body.

The sol-gel temperature can be determined using conventional methods. In the context of the present invention, to determine the sol-gel temperature, the organic compound of component (ii) was homogenized in water at 133°C in a closed vessel with pressure equalization in the heating thermoshaker at 400 rpm until the organic compound of component (ii) had completely dissolved and a transparent solution was formed. This solution was cooled in the heating thermoshaker to 80°C at 0 rpm. To determine the sol-gel transition temperature, a temperature-dependent oscillating measurement (devices as before ( vide supra )) was carried out at a deformation of 0.1%, a frequency of 1 Hz and a cooling rate of 5°C/min. Before the measurement is started, the temperature is set to 80°C and the upper plate is lowered to minimize the temperature difference between the lower and upper measuring plate. After the sample has cooled to 80°C in the heating thermoshaker, the upper measuring plate is raised and 0.5 g of the sample is carefully applied as a sol to the lower plate using a pipette. The upper plate is then lowered and the measurement started. The measurements are carried out at different temperatures.

A corresponding molded body can also be produced by extrusion of the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition, with subsequent rounding if necessary. This can produce a free-flowing product or pellets.

It is preferred according to the invention if the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention is present as a shaped body.

A molded body is a single body that stabilizes itself in its imprinted shape. This dimensionally stable body is formed from a molding compound (e.g. a composition) by deliberately shaping this molding compound into a predetermined shape, e.g. by pouring a liquid composition into a mold and then hardening the liquid composition, e.g. in a sol-gel process. All imaginable shapes are possible, such as a sphere, cube, cuboid, round disk, tub, bowl, prism, octahedron, tetrahedron, egg shape, dog, cat, mouse, horse, torso, bust, pillow, automobile, oval disk with an embossed trademark, and much more.

It is preferred according to the invention if the shaped body of the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention has a weight of at least 1 g, preferably of at least 5 g, particularly preferably of at least 10 g.

It is preferred according to the invention if the molded body according to the invention of the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention has a weight of at most 80 g, in particular of at most 70 g, particularly preferably of at most 50 g, very particularly preferably of at most 40 g, most preferably of at most 30 g. In this context, the aforementioned minimum weights of the molded body are particularly preferred.

The shaped body of the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention most preferably has a weight of 10 to 80 g, in particular 10 to 70 g, more preferably 10 to 50 g, most preferably 10 to 30 g, for example 15 g or 25 g. It is again preferred if the said shaped body contains surfactant in the total amounts identified as preferred (vide supra).

The molded body of said viscoelastic, solid composition may also contain at least two different viscoelastic, solid surfactant compositions of the first Subject matter of the invention with the formation of at least two phases, preferably at least two differently colored phases. For example, a trough-shaped body can be produced as the first phase from a first viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention, into the trough of which a second viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention is introduced as the second phase. The shaped body can also be formed from various viscoelastic, solid compositions which are arranged as layered phases.

A corresponding trough-shaped body of the surfactant composition according to the invention can preferably be designed as a container with at least one trough, e.g. in the form of a tub or bowl, such that the volume of the walls is smaller than the total volume of all the troughs. The walls of a trough-shaped body of this embodiment preferably have an average thickness of a maximum of 5 mm, in particular a maximum of 2 mm, more preferably a maximum of 1 mm. The total volume of the troughs of this embodiment preferably has a volume of at least 5 ml, in particular at least 10 ml, more preferably at least 15 ml.

A phase in the sense of the present invention is a spatial area in which physical parameters and the chemical composition are homogeneous. One phase differs from another phase by various features, for example ingredients, external appearance, etc. Preferably, different phases can be visually distinguished. For the consumer, a first phase can be clearly distinguished from a second phase. If the product in the portion according to the invention has more than one first phase, these can preferably also be distinguished from one another with the naked eye because they differ from one another, for example in terms of color. The same applies if two or more second phases are present. In this case, too, a visual distinction between the phases, for example due to a difference in color or transparency, is preferably possible. Phases in the sense of the present invention are thus self-contained areas that can be visually distinguished from one another by the consumer with the naked eye. The individual phases can have different properties when used.

It is preferred according to the invention if, in order to increase product safety, at least one bittering agent is incorporated homogeneously into the molded body and/or the surface of the molded body is coated with at least one bittering agent. It is preferred to incorporate the at least one bittering agent homogeneously into the molded body as an ingredient of the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition. Preferred bittering agents and amounts are those mentioned above (vide supra).

In order to prevent individual molded bodies in a package from sticking together, it may be preferable to dust the molded bodies with a powdered solid. Preferred powdering agents are selected from talcum, sodium sulfate, starch, pectin, amylopectin, dextrin, lactic acid, lactose or mixtures thereof.

The surfaces of the molded body can be printed for further aesthetic enhancement and/or to add information or manufacturer names. The use of inkjet printing is preferred.

All of the aforementioned preferred embodiments of the surfactant composition according to the invention are also preferred for providing a shaped body according to the invention.

A second subject matter of the invention is a portion containing at least one viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention. According to the invention, it is preferred if the portion contains the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention as a shaped body. It is in turn preferred if the portion contains the shaped body to an extent of at least 5% by weight, in particular at least 15% by weight, in particular at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 90% by weight, particularly preferably at least 95% by weight, based on its total weight.

A portion is an independent dosing unit that provides a quantity of textile treatment agent for one application, preferably for use in a washing machine. The viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition according to the invention can either be the only textile treatment agent in the portion, or can be formulated in the portion together with at least one additional composition that is different from the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention and together form the textile treatment agent of the portion.

It is preferred according to the invention if the portion according to the invention contains at least one shaped body of the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention, which has a weight of at least 1 g, preferably of at least 5 g, particularly preferably of at least 10 g.

It is preferred according to the invention if the portion according to the invention contains at least one shaped body of the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention, which has a weight of at most 80 g, in particular of at most 70 g, particularly preferably of at most 50 g, very particularly preferably of at most 40 g. In this context, the above-mentioned minimum weights of the molded body are particularly preferred.

Most preferably, the portion according to the invention comprises a shaped body of the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention with a weight of 1 to 80 g, in particular 1 to 70 g, more preferably 1 to 50 g, further preferably 1 to 30 g, in particular 10 to 80 g, in particular 10 to 70 g, more preferably 10 to 50 g, most preferably 10 to 30 g, for example 15 g or 25 g. It is again preferred if the said shaped body contains surfactant in the total amounts identified as preferred (vide supra).

• (P1): Portion, enthaltend bezogen auf das Gewicht der Portion mindestens 80 Gew.-%, bevorzugt mindestens 90 Gew.-%, eines Formkörpers mindestens einer viskoelastischen, festförmigen Tensidzusammensetzung des ersten Erfindungsgegenstandes, wobei der Formkörper ein Gewicht von mindestens 1 g, bevorzugt von mindestens 5 g, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 10 g, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 10 bis 30 g, aufweist.
• (P2): Portion, enthaltend bezogen auf das Gewicht der Portion mindestens 80 Gew.-%, bevorzugt mindestens 90 Gew.-%, eines Formkörpers mindestens einer viskoelastischen, festförmigen Tensidzusammensetzung des ersten Erfindungsgegenstandes, wobei der Formkörper transparent ist und ein Gewicht von mindestens 1 g, bevorzugt von mindestens 5 g, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 10 g, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 10 bis 30 g, aufweist.
• (P3): Portion, enthaltend bezogen auf das Gewicht der Portion mindestens 80 Gew.-%, bevorzugt mindestens 90 Gew.-%, eines Formkörpers mindestens einer viskoelastischen, festförmigen Tensidzusammensetzung, enthaltend bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Tensidzusammensetzung
  1. (i) 10 bis 60 Gew.-% mindestens eines anionischen Tensids, wobei als anionisches Tensid bevorzugt mindestens ein C_9-13-Alkylbenzolsulfonat enthalten ist, und
     • 2 bis 35 Gew.-% mindestens eines nichtionischen Tensids, wobei als nichtionisches Tensid bevorzugt mindestens ein alkoxylierter Alkohol mit 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und durchschnittlich 4 bis 12 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) pro Mol Alkohol enthalten ist,
     • mit der Maßgabe, dass Tensid in einer Gesamtmenge von 10 bis 70 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 15 bis 70 Gew.-%, enthalten ist,
     und
  2. (ii) mindestens eine Diketopiperazin-Verbindung der Formel (I)
     
     worin
     • R¹, R², R³ und R⁴ stehen unabhängig voneinander für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Hydroxygruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkenylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acyloxygruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkoxygruppe, eine Aminogruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acylaminogruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkylaminocarbonylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe, eine Aroylgruppe, eine Aroyloxygruppe, eine Aryloxygruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxygruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Heteroarylgruppe, eine Hetroaryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Aminoalkylgruppe, eine Carboxy-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, wobei mindestens zwei der Reste R¹ bis R⁴ gemeinsam mit dem Restmolekül einen 5 oder 6-gliedrigen Ring bilden können,
     • R⁵ steht für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine lineare (C₁ bis C₆)-Alkylgruppe, eine verzweigte (C₃ bis C₁₀)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₃ bis C₆)-Cycloalkylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkenylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkinylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Acyloxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Aryloxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine O-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)oxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkylsulfanyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Heteroarylgruppe, eine Hetroaryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Aminoalkylgruppe, eine N-(C₁-C₄)-Alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₁-C₄)-Dialkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Aroyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₂-C₈)-Diacylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)amino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-Di(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)amino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Carboxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkoxycarbonyl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Acyloxy-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Guanidino-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₁-C₄)-Alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-Di((C₁-C₄)-Alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₂-C₈)-Diacylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)-N-(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe oder eine N,N-Di(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe,
     und
  3. (iii) zwischen 0 bis 40 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0 bis 25 Gew.-%, Wasser,
  wobei der Formkörper ein Gewicht von mindestens 1 g, bevorzugt von mindestens 5 g, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 10 g, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 10 bis 30 g, aufweist.
• (P4): Portion, enthaltend bezogen auf das Gewicht der Portion mindestens 80 Gew.-%, bevorzugt mindestens 90 Gew.-%, eines Formkörpers mindestens einer viskoelastischen, festförmigen Tensidzusammensetzung, enthaltend bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Tensidzusammensetzung
  1. (i) 10 bis 60 Gew.-% mindestens eines anionischen Tensids, wobei als anionisches Tensid bevorzugt mindestens ein C_9-13-Alkylbenzolsulfonat enthalten ist, und
     • 2 bis 35 Gew.-% mindestens eines nichtionischen Tensids, wobei als nichtionisches Tensid bevorzugt mindestens ein alkoxylierter Alkohol mit 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und durchschnittlich 4 bis 12 Mol Ethylenoxid (EO) pro Mol Alkohol enthalten ist,
     • mit der Maßgabe, dass Tensid in einer Gesamtmenge von 10 bis 70 Gew.-% enthalten ist,
     und
  2. (ii) mindestens eine Diketopiperazin-Verbindung der Formel (I)
     
     worin
     • R¹, R², R³ und R⁴ stehen unabhängig voneinander für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Hydroxygruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkenylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acyloxygruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkoxygruppe, eine Aminogruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acylaminogruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkylaminocarbonylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe, eine Aroylgruppe, eine Aroyloxygruppe, eine Aryloxygruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxygruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Heteroarylgruppe, eine Hetroaryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Aminoalkylgruppe, eine Carboxy-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, wobei mindestens zwei der Reste R¹ bis R⁴ gemeinsam mit dem Restmolekül einen 5 oder 6-gliedrigen Ring bilden können,
     • R⁵ steht für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine lineare (C₁ bis C₆)-Alkylgruppe, eine verzweigte (C₃ bis C₁₀)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₃ bis C₆)-Cycloalkylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkenylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkinylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Acyloxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Aryloxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine O-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)oxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkylsulfanyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Heteroarylgruppe, eine Hetroaryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Aminoalkylgruppe, eine N-(C₁-C₄)-Alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₁-C₄)-Dialkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Aroyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₂-C₈)-Diacylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)amino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-Di(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)amino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Carboxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkoxycarbonyl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Acyloxy-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Guanidino-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₁-C₄)-Alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-Di((C₁-C₄)-Alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₂-C₈)-Diacylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)-N-(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe oder eine N,N-Di(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe.
     und
  3. (iii) zwischen 0 bis 40 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0 bis 25 Gew.-%, Wasser,
  wobei der Formkörper transparent ist und ein Gewicht von mindestens 1 g, bevorzugt von mindestens 5 g, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 10 g, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 10 bis 30 g, aufweist.

Particularly preferred portions are those of embodiments (P1) to (P4):

• (P1): Portion containing, based on the weight of the portion, at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, of a shaped body of at least one viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention, wherein the shaped body has a weight of at least 1 g, preferably of at least 5 g, particularly preferably at least 10 g, very particularly preferably from 10 to 30 g.
• (P2): Portion containing, based on the weight of the portion, at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, of a shaped body of at least one viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention, wherein the shaped body is transparent and has a weight of at least 1 g, preferably of at least 5 g, particularly preferably at least 10 g, very particularly preferably from 10 to 30 g.
• (P3): Portion containing, based on the weight of the portion, at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, of a shaped body of at least one viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition containing, based on the total weight of the surfactant composition
  1. (i) 10 to 60% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant, wherein the anionic surfactant preferably comprises at least one C _9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonate, and
     • 2 to 35% by weight of at least one non-ionic surfactant, wherein the non-ionic surfactant preferably comprises at least one alkoxylated alcohol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 4 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol,
     • with the proviso that surfactant is contained in a total amount of 10 to 70 wt.%, in particular 15 to 70 wt.%,
     and
  2. (ii) at least one diketopiperazine compound of formula (I)
     
     wherein
     • R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkenyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) acyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) acyloxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkoxy group, an amino group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) acylamino group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkylaminocarbonyl group, an aryl group, an aroyl group, an aroyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ ) alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-aminoalkyl group, a carboxy-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, where at least two of the radicals R ¹ to R ⁴ together with the residual molecule can form a 5 or 6-membered ring,
     • R ⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, a linear (C ₁ to C ₆ ) alkyl group, a branched (C ₃ to C ₁₀ ) alkyl group, a (C ₃ to C ₆ ) cycloalkyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkenyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkynyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkoxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) acyloxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, an aryloxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, an O-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl)oxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylsulfanyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an aryl group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-aminoalkyl group, an N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-dialkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-aroyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-diacylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)amino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-di(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)amino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-carboxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkoxycarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-acyloxy-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a Guanidino-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, an aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-di((C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, _an N,N-(C _{2 -C 8} )-acyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) _{-alkylaminocarbonyl-} (C _{1 -C 4} )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)-N-(C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group or an N,N-di(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group,
     and
  3. (iii) between 0 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably between 0 to 25% by weight, of water,
  wherein the shaped body has a weight of at least 1 g, preferably of at least 5 g, particularly preferably at least 10 g, very particularly preferably from 10 to 30 g.
• (P4): Portion containing, based on the weight of the portion, at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, of a shaped body of at least one viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition containing, based on the total weight of the surfactant composition
  1. (i) 10 to 60% by weight of at least one anionic surfactant, wherein the anionic surfactant preferably comprises at least one C _9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonate, and
     • 2 to 35% by weight of at least one non-ionic surfactant, wherein the non-ionic surfactant preferably comprises at least one alkoxylated alcohol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 4 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol,
     • with the proviso that surfactant is contained in a total amount of 10 to 70 wt.%,
     and
  2. (ii) at least one diketopiperazine compound of formula (I)
     
     wherein
     • R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkenyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) acyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) acyloxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkoxy group, an amino group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) acylamino group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ ) alkylaminocarbonyl group, an aryl group, an aroyl group, an aroyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ ) alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-aminoalkyl group, a carboxy-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, where at least two of the radicals R ¹ to R ⁴ together with the residual molecule can form a 5 or 6-membered ring,
     • R ⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, a linear (C ₁ to C ₆ ) alkyl group, a branched (C ₃ to C ₁₀ ) alkyl group, a (C ₃ to C ₆ ) cycloalkyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkenyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkynyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkoxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) acyloxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, an aryloxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, an O-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl)oxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylsulfanyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an aryl group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-aminoalkyl group, an N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-dialkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-aroyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-diacylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)amino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-di(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)amino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-carboxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkoxycarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-acyloxy-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a Guanidino-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, an aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-di((C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-diacylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)-N-(C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group or an N,N-di(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ - _{C 4} )alkyl group.
     and
  3. (iii) between 0 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably between 0 to 25% by weight, of water,
  wherein the shaped body is transparent and has a weight of at least 1 g, preferably at least 5 g, particularly preferably at least 10 g, most preferably from 10 to 30 g.

All of the aforementioned preferred embodiments of the surfactant composition according to the invention and of the shaped body according to the invention are also preferred for the provision of a portion according to the invention.

In order to prevent the user from coming into direct skin contact with the viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition when using the portion, the molded body is preferably coated with water-soluble material. Such a coating has also proven to be advantageous with regard to the storage stability of the molded bodies according to the invention used in the portions.

In a preferred embodiment, the said molded body of the portion is coated on the surface with at least one water-soluble material, preferably with at least one water-soluble polymer. The coating can be carried out, for example, by spraying on a solution or by immersing in a melt, with the melting temperature in the latter method preferably being below the sol-gel temperature. It may in turn be preferred to powder the molded bodies coated with at least one water-soluble material with at least one powdered solid. Preferred means for powdering are those mentioned above (vide supra).

According to another embodiment as a pouch, a portion according to the invention can contain at least one chamber with walls made of water-soluble material, into which at least one molded body of a viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention is introduced. Added together across all the chambers of the portion, the total compositions made up therein result in the product to be dosed in the portion (here a textile treatment agent). Corresponding portions of this embodiment are sufficiently known to the person skilled in the art as pouch products.

A chamber is a space delimited by walls (e.g. a film) which can also exist without the product to be dosed (possibly by changing its shape). A layer of a surface coating therefore explicitly does not fall under the definition of a wall. In a pouch, the water-soluble material forms the walls of the chamber and thus envelops the composition of the textile treatment agent.

A material is water-soluble if, at 20°C, 0.1 g of the material dissolves in 800 mL of water within 600 seconds while stirring (magnetic stirrer speed 300 rpm, stirring bar: 6.8 cm long, diameter 10 mm, 1000 mL low-form beaker from Schott, Mainz) to such an extent that no individual solid particles of the material are visible to the naked eye.

The water solubility of the material in the form of a film used for the production of pouches for wrapping can be determined using a square film of the material in question (film: 22 × 22 mm with a thickness of 76 µm) fixed in a square frame (edge length on the inside: 20 mm) according to the following measurement protocol. The framed film in question is immersed in 800 mL of distilled water tempered to 20 °C in a 1 liter beaker with a circular bottom surface (Schott, Mainz, beaker 1000 mL, low form) so that the surface of the clamped film is arranged at a right angle to the bottom surface of the beaker, the upper edge of the frame is 1 cm below the water surface and the lower edge of the frame is aligned parallel to the bottom surface of the beaker in such a way that the lower edge of the frame runs along the radius of the bottom surface of the beaker and the center of the lower edge of the frame is positioned above the center of the radius of the beaker bottom. The material should dissolve within 600 seconds when stirred (magnetic stirrer speed 300 rpm, stirring rod: 6.8 cm long, diameter 10 mm) to such an extent that no individual solid film particles are visible to the naked eye.

The water-soluble material generally used to envelop the molded body preferably contains at least one water-soluble polymer. It is particularly preferred that the water-soluble material contains polyvinyl alcohol or a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer.

Suitable water-soluble material and water-soluble films as water-soluble material are preferably based on a polyvinyl alcohol or a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer whose molecular weight is in the range from 10,000 to 1,000,000 gmol ^-1 , preferably from 20,000 to 500,000 gmol ^-1 , particularly preferably from 30,000 to 100,000 gmol ^-1 and in particular from 40,000 to 80,000 gmol ^-1 .

Polyvinyl alcohol is usually produced by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate, since the direct synthesis route is not possible. The same applies to polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, which are produced from polyvinyl acetate copolymers. It is preferred if the water-soluble material comprises at least one polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis is 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol% and in particular 82 to 88 mol%.

Polymers selected from the group comprising acrylic acid-containing polymers, polyacrylamides, oxazoline polymers, polystyrene sulfonates, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyethers, polylactic acid, and/or mixtures of the above polymers may additionally be added to the water-soluble material.

In addition to vinyl alcohol, preferred polyvinyl alcohol copolymers comprise dicarboxylic acids as further monomers. Suitable dicarboxylic acids are itaconic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof, with itaconic acid being preferred.

Likewise preferred polyvinyl alcohol copolymers comprise, in addition to vinyl alcohol, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, its salt or its ester. Particularly preferably, such polyvinyl alcohol copolymers contain, in addition to vinyl alcohol, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters or mixtures thereof.

The water-soluble material of the film material used to provide the pouch walls has a preferred thickness in a range from 65 to 180 µm, in particular from 70 to 150 µm, more preferably 75 to 120 µm.

To increase product safety, a bittering agent is preferably incorporated into the water-soluble material of the coating of the molded body of the portion or the walls of the pouch of the portion. Corresponding embodiments of the water-soluble material with bittering agent are described in the publications EP-B1-2 885 220 and EP-B1-2 885 221 A preferred bittering agent is selected from the aforementioned bittering agents (vide supra), in particular denatonium benzoate.

Portions according to the invention in the form of a pouch can be produced either by vertical form-fill-seal (VFFS) or thermoforming processes. Walls of at least one chamber are particularly preferably produced by sealing at least one film of water-soluble material, in particular by sealing in a form-fill-seal process. The thermoforming process generally includes forming a first layer of a water-soluble film material to form at least one recess for receiving at least one composition therein, filling the composition into the respective recess, covering the recesses filled with the composition with a second layer of a water-soluble film material and sealing the first and second layers to one another at least around the recesses.

1. (a) Bereitstellen einer tensidhaltigen Flotte durch Mischen von 0,5 L bis 40,0 L Wasser mit einer viskoelsatischen, festförmigen Tensidzusammensetzung des ersten Erfindungsgegenstandes, und
2. (b) In Kontakt bringen von mindestens einem Textil mit der gemäß (a) hergestellten tensidhaltigen Flotte.

Another object of the invention is a method for substrate treatment comprising the process steps

1. (a) providing a surfactant-containing liquor by mixing 0.5 L to 40.0 L of water with a viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition of the first subject matter of the invention, and
2. (b) Bringing at least one textile into contact with the surfactant-containing liquor prepared according to (a).

• 1. Viskoelastische, festförmige Tensidzusammensetzung, enthaltend bezogen auf deren Gesamtgewicht
  1. (i) eine Gesamtmenge von 0,1 bis 70 Gew.-% mindestens eines Tensids
     und
  2. (ii) mindestens eine organische Verbindung mit einem Molekulargewicht von < 1000 g/mol, einer Löslichkeit in Wasser von weniger als 0,1 g/L (20°C, pH 7) und einer Struktur, enthaltend
     1. a) mindestens zwei Gruppen, ausgewählt aus -OH, -NH-, oder Mischungen daraus, und
     2. b) mindestens eine carbocyclische Struktureinheit mit mindestens zwei endocyclischen Doppelbindungen, insbesondere mindestens eine carbocyclische, aromatische Struktureinheit,
        und
     3. c) mindestens eine weitere cyclische Struktureinheit, die mindestens zwei Carbonylgruppen aufweist
     und
  3. (iii) Wasser.
• 2. Zusammensetzung nach Punkt 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tensidzusammensetzung ein Speichermodul zwischen 10³ Pa und 10⁸ Pa, bevorzugt zwischen 10⁴ Pa und 10⁸ Pa und ein Verlustmodul aufweist (bei 20°C, einer Deformation von 0.1 % und einer Frequenz von 1 Hz) und der Speichermodul im Frequenzbereich zwischen 10^-3 Hz und 10² um mindestens das Zweifache größer ist als der Verlustmodul, bevorzugt um mindestens das Fünffache größer ist als der Verlustmodul, besonders bevorzugt um mindestens das Zehnfache größer ist als der Verlustmodul.
• 3. Zusammensetzung nach Punkt 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens ein anionisches Tensid enthält.
• 4. Zusammensetzung nach Punkt 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein anionisches Tensid, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus C_8-18-Alkylbenzolsulfonaten, Olefinsulfonaten, C_12-18-Alkansulfonaten, Estersulfonaten, Alkylsulfaten, Alkenylsulfaten, Fettalkoholethersulfaten und Mischungen daraus, enthalten ist.
• 5. Zusammensetzung gemäß Punkt 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Tensid mindestens eine Verbindung der Formel (T-1) enthalten ist,
  
  in der
  R' und R" unabhängig H oder Alkyl sind und zusammen 9 bis 19, vorzugsweise 9 bis 15 und insbesondere 9 bis 13 C-Atome enthalten, und Y⁺ ein einwertiges Kation oder den n-ten Teil eines n-wertigen Kations (insbesondere Na⁺) bedeuten.
• 6. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens ein nichtionisches Tensid enthalten.
• 7. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie als Tensid mindestens ein nichtionisches Tensid der Formel (T-2) enthält
  
          R²-O-(XO)_m-H,     (T-2)
  
  in der
  • R² für einen linearen oder verzweigten C₈-C₁₈-Alkylrest, einen Arylrest oder Alkylarylrest,
  • XO unabhängig voneinander für eine Ethylenoxid- (EO) oder Propylenoxid- (PO) Gruppierung,
  • m für ganze Zahlen von 1 bis 50 stehen.
• 8. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie bezogen auf ihr Gesamtgewicht einen Gesamttensidgehalt von 10 bis 60 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 15 bis 65 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von 20 bis 60 Gew.-%, aufweist.
• 9. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die weitere cyclische Struktureinheit c) aus mindestens einer 2,5-Diketopiperazin-Struktureinheit ausgewählt ist.
• 10. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die carbocyclische Struktureinheit b) aus mindestens einer Phenylgruppe ausgewählt ist.
• 11. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Komponente (ii) ausgewählt wird aus mindestens einer Diketopiperazin-Verbindung der Formel (I)
  
  worin
  • R¹, R², R³ und R⁴ stehen unabhängig voneinander für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Hydroxygruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkenylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acyloxygruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkoxygruppe, eine Aminogruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acylaminogruppe, eine (C₁-C₆)-Alkylaminocarbonylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe, eine Aroylgruppe, eine Aroyloxygruppe, eine Aryloxygruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyloxygruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Heteroarylgruppe, eine Hetroaryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Aminoalkylgruppe, eine Carboxy-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, wobei mindestens zwei der Reste R¹ bis R⁴ gemeinsam mit dem Restmolekül einen 5 oder 6-gliedrigen Ring bilden können,
  • R⁵ steht für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine lineare (C₁ bis C₆)-Alkylgruppe, eine verzweigte (C₃ bis C₁₀)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₃ bis C₆)-Cycloalkylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkenylgruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Alkinylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkoxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Acyloxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Aryloxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine O-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)oxy-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkylsulfanyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Heteroarylgruppe, eine Hetroaryl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Hydroxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Aminoalkylgruppe, eine N-(C₁-C₄)-Alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₁-C₄)-Dialkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Aroyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₂-C₈)-Diacylamino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)amino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-Di(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)amino-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Carboxyalkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkoxycarbonyl-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Acyloxy-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Guanidino-(C₁-C₃)-alkylgruppe, eine Aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₁-C₄)-Alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-Di((C₁-C₄)-Alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N,N-(C₂-C₈)-Diacylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(C₂-C₈)-Acyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine N-(Aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)-N-(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe oder eine N,N-Di(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkylgruppe.
• 12. Zusammensetzung nach Punkt 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass gemäß Formel (I) R¹ in para-Position des Phenylringes bindet und bevorzugt R² bis R⁴ für Wasserstoff stehen.
• 13. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass gemäß Formel (I) die Reste R¹, R², R³ und R⁴ unabhängig voneinander stehen für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Hydroxygruppe, eine Methylgruppe, eine Ethylgruppe, eine isoPropylgruppe, eine n-Propylgruppe, eine n-Butylgruppe, eine iso-Butylgruppe, eine sec-Butylgruppe, eine tert-Butylgruppe, eine Phenylgruppe, eine Benzylgruppe, eine Methoxygruppe, eine (C₂-C₆)-Acyloxygruppe, eine Aryloxygruppe, eine Tosyloxygruppe, eine Triflyloxygruppe, eine Benzyloxygruppe oder eine Benzoyloxygruppe.
• 14. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass gemäß Formel (I) R⁵ steht für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Methylgruppe, eine Isopropylgruppe, eine iso-Butylgruppe, eine tert-Butylgruppe, eine 2-(Methylsulfanyl)ethyl-Gruppe, eine Hydroxymethylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₃)-Alkoxymethylgruppe, eine Benzyloxymethylgruppe, eine Acetyloxymethylgruppe, eine Benzoyloxymethylgruppe, eine Tosyloxymethylgruppe, eine 1-Hydroxyethylgruppe, eine 1-((C₁-C₃)-Alkoxy)ethylgruppe, eine 1-(Acetyloxy)ethylgruppe, eine 1-(Benzoyloxy)ethylgruppe, eine 1-(Tosyloxy)ethylgruppe, eine Mercaptomethylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₃)-Alkylsulfanylmethylgruppe, eine Acetylsulfanylmethylgruppe, eine Benzoylsulfanylmethylgruppe, eine Tosylsulfanylmethylgruppe,
  • eine Gruppe gemäß Formel (II),
    
  • in der R' ein Wasserstoffatom, eine (C₁ bis C₄)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂ bis C₄)-Alkenylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe oder eine Aryl-(C₁ bis C₄)-alkylgruppe bedeutet,
  • eine Gruppe gemäß Formel (III),
    
  • in der R' ein Wasserstoffatom, eine (C₁ bis C₄)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂ bis C₄)-Alkenylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe oder eine Aryl-(C₁ bis C₄)-alkylgruppe bedeutet,
  • eine Gruppe gemäß Formel (IV),
    
  • in der n für 0 oder 1 steht, X für ein Sauerstoffatom oder eine Gruppe -NH- steht und R" ein Wasserstoffatom, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂ bis C₄)-Alkenylgruppe, eine Arylgruppe oder eine Aryl-(C₁ bis C₄)-alkylgruppe bedeutet,
  • eine Gruppe gemäß Formel (V),
    
  • in der n für 1 oder 2 steht und R" und R‴ unabhängig voneinander für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₂ - C₆)-Acylgruppe, eine Benzoylgruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁ bis C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Aminoiminomethylgruppe oder eine Tosylgruppe stehen,
  • eine Gruppe gemäß Formel (VI),
    
  • in der n für 0 oder 1 steht und R ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Hydroxygruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkylgruppe, eine (C₁-C₄)-Alkoxygruppe, eine N-(C₁-C₄)-Alkylaminogruppe, eine Aryl-(C₁ bis C₄)-alkylgruppe, eine Acetyloxygruppe, eine Benzoyloxygruppe, eine Triflyloxygruppe oder eine Tosyloxygruppe bedeutet.
• 15. Zusammensetzung nach Punkt 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass R' gemäß Formel (II) für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Methylgruppe, eine Ethylgruppe, eine iso-Propylgruppe, eine n-Propylgruppe, eine Allylgruppe, eine Benzylgruppe oder eine Phenylgruppe steht.
• 16. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass R' gemäß Formel (III) für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Methylgruppe, eine Ethylgruppe, eine isoPropylgruppe, eine Benzylgruppe, eine Benzoyloxygruppe oder eine Phenylgruppe steht.
• 17. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 14 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass R' gemäß Formel (IV) für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Methylgruppe, eine Ethylgruppe, eine isoPropylgruppe, eine Benzylgruppe, eine Benzoyloxygruppe oder eine Phenylgruppe steht.
• 18. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 14 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass R" und R‴ gemäß Formel (V) unabhängig voneinander stehen für ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Methylgruppe, eine Ethylgruppe, eine n-Propylgruppe, eine iso-Propylgruppe, eine Benzylgruppe, eine Benzoylgruppe, Acetylgruppe, eine Aminoiminomethylgruppe oder eine Tosylgruppe.
• 19. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 14 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass R gemäß Formel (VI) ein Wasserstoffatom, eine Hydroxygruppe, eine Methylgruppe, eine Ethylgruppe, eine n-Propylgruppe, eine iso-Propylgruppe, eine tert-Butylgruppe, eine Phenylgruppe, eine Methoxygruppe, eine Acetyloxygruppe, eine Tosyloxygruppe, eine Triflyloxygruppe, eine Benzyloxygruppe oder eine Benzoyloxygruppe bedeutet.
• 20. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 14 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die 2,5-Diketopiperazin-Verbindung der Formel (I) bezogen auf die Stereochemie der Kohlenstoffatome an 3- und 6-Position des 2,5-Diketopiperazinringes das Konfigurationsisomere 3S,6S , 3R,6S , 3S,6R , 3R,6R oder Mischungen daraus (bevorzugt 3S, 6S) ist.
• 21. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 1 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die organische Verbindung der Komponente (ii) ausgewählt wird aus 3-Benzyl-6-carboxyethyl-2,5-diketopiperazin, 3-Benzyl-6-carboxymethyl-2,5-diketopiperazin, 3-Benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazin, 3-Benzyl-6-iso-propyl-2,5-diketopiperazin, 3-Benzyl-6-(4-aminobutyl)-2,5-diketopiperazin, 3,6-Di(benzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazin, 3,6-Di(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazin, 3,6-Di(4-(Benzyloxy)benzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazin, 3-Benzyl-6-(4-imidazolyl)methyl-2,5-diketopiperazin, 3-Benzyl-6-methyl-2,5-diketopiperazin, 3-Benzyl-6-(2-(benzyloxycarbonyl)ethyl)-2,5-diketopiperazin oder Mischungen daraus.
• 22. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 1 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Zusammensetzung die Komponente (ii) in einer Menge von mindestens 0,5 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,5 bis 3,0 Gew.-%, enthalten ist.
• 22. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorangehenden Punkte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Wasser in einer Gesamtmenge zwischen 0 und 70 Gew.-%, bevorzugter zwischen 0 und 60 Gew.-%, bevorzugter zwischen 0 bis 40 Gew.-%, bevorzugter zwischen 0 bis 25 Gew.-%, enthalten ist.
• 23. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorangehenden Punkte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zusätzlich mindestens ein organisches Lösemittel mit mindestens einer Hydroxylgruppe, ohne Aminogruppe und mit einem Molekulargewicht von höchstens 500 g/mol enthält (bevorzugt ausgewählt aus (C₂-C₈)-Alkanolen mit mindestens einer Hydroxylgruppe (besonders bevorzugt Ethanol, Ethylenglycol,1,2-Propandiol, Glycerin, 1,3-Propandiol, n-Propanol, Isopropanol, 1,1,1-Trimethylolpropan, 2-Methyl-1,3-propandiol, 2-Hydroxymethyl-1,3-propandiol), Triethylenglycol, Butyldiglycol, Polyethylenglycolen mit einer gewichtsmittleren Molmasse M_w von höchstens 500 g/mol, Glycerincarbonat, Propylencarbonat, 1-Methoxy-2-propanol, 3-Methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol, Butyllactat, 2-Isobutyl-2-methyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan, 2,2-Dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan, Dipropylenglycol, oder Mischungen daraus).
• 24. Zusammensetzung nach Punkt 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagtes organisches Lösemittel in einer Gesamtmenge von von 5 bis 40 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 10 bis 35 Gew.-%, enthalten ist.
• 25. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorangehenden Punkte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich mindestens eine Polyalkylenoxid-Verbindung mit einer gewichtsmittleren Molmasse M_w von mindestens 4000 g/mol enthalten ist.
• 26. Zusammensetzung nach Punkt 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass besagte Polyalkylenoxidverbindung ausgewählt wird aus Polyethylenoxid, Ethylenoxid-Propylenoxid-Copolymer und Mischungen daraus.
• 27. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorangehenden Punkte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich mindestens ein polymeres Polyol, insbesondere Polyvinylalkohol, enthalten ist.
• 28. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorangehenden Punkte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Speichermodul in einem Bereich von 10⁵ Pa bis 10⁷ Pa liegt.
• 29. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorangehenden Punkte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich mindestens ein Stabilisator enthalten ist, ausgewählt aus Magnesiumsulfat, Zinkacetat, Calciumacetat, Magnesiumoxid, anorganisches Salz (insbesondere Sulfat, Acetat oder Carbonat) von Mg, Ca, Zn, Na oder K, Acetamidmonoethanolamin, Hexamethylentetramin, Guanidin, Polypropylenglycolether, Salz von Aminosäuren oder Mischungen daraus.
• 30. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorangehenden Punkte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie als Formkörper, insbesondere mit einem Gewicht von mindestens 1 g, bevorzugt von mindestens 5 g, besonders bevorzugt von 10 bis 30 g, vorliegt.
• 31. Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorangehenden Punkte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zusammensetzung transparent ist.
• 32. Portion, enthaltend mindestens eine Tensidzusammensetzung nach einem der Punkte 1 bis 31.
• 33. Portion nach Punkt 32, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie zusätzlich mindestens eine weitere Zusammensetzung umfasst.
• 34. Portion nach einem der Punkte 32 oder 33, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie als Formkörper mindestens einer Tensidzusammensetzung der Punkte 1 bis 23 ausgestaltet ist, wobei der Formkörper bevorzugt ein Gewicht von mindestens 1 g, besonders bevorzugt von mindestens 5 g, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 10 bis 30 g, besitzt.
• 35. Portion nach Punkt 32 oder 33, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens eine Kammer mit Wandung aus wasserlöslichem Material umfasst, wobei die Portion mindestens einen viskoelastischen, festförmigen Formkörper gemäß Punkt 22 enthält.
• 36. Verfahren zur Substratbehandlung umfassend die Verfahrensschritte
  1. (a) Bereitstellen einer wässrigen Flotte durch Mischen von 0,5 L bis 40,0 L Wasser mit 0,5 bis 100 g einer Zusammensetzung gemäß einem der Punkte 1 bis 31, und
  2. (b) In Kontakt bringen von mindestens einem Textil mit der gemäß (a) hergestellten wässrigen Flotte.
• 37. Verfahren zu Herstellung einer festförmigen Tensidzusammensetzung gemäß einem der Punkte 1 bis 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zunächst eine flüssige Zusammensetzung, enthaltend mindestens einer organische Verbindung mit einem Molekulargewicht von < 1000 g/mol, einer Löslichkeit in Wasser von weniger als 0,1 g/L (20°C, pH 7) und einer Struktur, enthaltend
  1. a) mindestens zwei Gruppen, ausgewählt aus -OH, -NH-, oder Mischungen daraus,
     und
  2. b) mindestens eine carbocyclische Struktureinheit mit mindestens zwei endocyclischen Doppelbindungen, insbesondere mindestens eine carbocyclische, aromatische Struktureinheit,
     und
  3. c) mindestens eine weitere cyclische Struktureinheit, die mindestens zwei Carbonylgruppen aufweist
  in Gegenwart von Wasser und 0,1 bis 70 Gew.-% Tensid sowie gegebenenfalls optionalen Zusätzen auf eine Temperatur über der Sol-Gel-Übergangstemperatur der flüssigen Zusammensetzung gebracht wird, und anschließend die erwärmte flüssige Zusammensetzung in eine Form, bevorzugt in eine Kavität einer Muldenform, gegeben und in besagter Form unter die Sol-Gel-Übergangstemperatur unter Bildung eines viskoelastischen, festförmigen Formkörpers abgekühlt wird.

The following points represent special embodiments of the invention:

• 1. Viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition containing, based on its total weight
  1. (i) a total amount of 0.1 to 70 wt.% of at least one surfactant
     and
  2. (ii) at least one organic compound having a molecular weight of < 1000 g/mol, a solubility in water of less than 0.1 g/L (20°C, pH 7) and a structure containing
     1. a) at least two groups selected from -OH, -NH-, or mixtures thereof, and
     2. b) at least one carbocyclic structural unit with at least two endocyclic double bonds, in particular at least one carbocyclic, aromatic structural unit,
        and
     3. c) at least one further cyclic structural unit having at least two carbonyl groups
     and
  3. (iii) Water.
• 2. Composition according to item 1, characterized in that the surfactant composition has a storage modulus between 10 ³ Pa and 10 ⁸ Pa, preferably between 10 ⁴ Pa and 10 ⁸ Pa and a loss modulus (at 20°C, a deformation of 0.1% and a frequency of 1 Hz) and the storage modulus in the frequency range between 10 ^-3 Hz and 10 ² is at least twice the loss modulus, preferably at least five times the loss modulus, particularly preferably at least ten times the loss modulus.
• 3. Composition according to point 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains at least one anionic surfactant.
• 4. Composition according to item 3, characterized in that at least one anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of C _8-18 alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, C _12-18 alkanesulfonates, estersulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkenyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates and mixtures thereof is contained.
• 5. Composition according to items 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one compound of formula (T-1) is contained as surfactant,
  
  in the
  R' and R" are independently H or alkyl and together contain 9 to 19, preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 13 C atoms, and Y ⁺ is a monovalent cation or the n-th part of an n-valent cation (in particular Na ⁺ ).
• 6. Composition according to one of items 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains at least one non-ionic surfactant.
• 7. Composition according to one of items 1 to 6, characterized in that it contains as surfactant at least one nonionic surfactant of formula (T-2)
  
  R ² -O-(XO) _m -H, (T-2)
  
  in the
  • R ² represents a linear or branched C ₈ -C ₁₈ alkyl radical, an aryl radical or alkylaryl radical,
  • XO independently represent an ethylene oxide (EO) or propylene oxide (PO) group,
  • m stands for integers from 1 to 50.
• 8. Composition according to one of items 1 to 7, characterized in that it has a total surfactant content of 10 to 60 wt.%, in particular 15 to 65 wt.%, preferably 20 to 60 wt.%, based on its total weight.
• 9. Composition according to one of items 1 to 8, characterized in that the further cyclic structural unit c) is selected from at least one 2,5-diketopiperazine structural unit.
• 10. Composition according to one of items 1 to 9, characterized in that the carbocyclic structural unit b) is selected from at least one phenyl group.
• 11. Composition according to one of items 1 to 10, characterized in that component (ii) is selected from at least one diketopiperazine compound of formula (I)
  
  wherein
  • R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-alkenyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acyloxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkoxy group, an amino group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acylamino group, a (C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkylaminocarbonyl group, an aryl group, an aroyl group, an aroyloxy group, an aryloxy group, a Aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyloxy group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-aminoalkyl group, a carboxy-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, where at least two of the radicals R ¹ to R ⁴ together with the residual molecule can form a 5 or 6-membered ring,
  • R ⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, a linear (C ₁ to C ₆ ) alkyl group, a branched (C ₃ to C ₁₀ ) alkyl group, a (C ₃ to C ₆ ) cycloalkyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkenyl group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ ) alkynyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkoxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ ) acyloxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, an aryloxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, an O-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl)oxy-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylsulfanyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an aryl group, an aryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-hydroxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-aminoalkyl group, an N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-dialkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-aroyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-diacylamino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)amino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-di(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)amino-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-carboxyalkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkoxycarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-acyloxy-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, a Guanidino-(C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkyl group, an aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N,N-di((C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(C ₂ -C ₈ )-acylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, _an N,N-(C _{2 -C 8} )-acyl-N-(C ₁ -C ₄ ) _{-alkylaminocarbonyl-} (C _{1 -C 4} )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)-N-(C ₁ -C ₆ )-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group or an N,N-di(aryl-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C ₁ - _{C 4} )alkyl group.
• 12. Composition according to item 11, characterized in that according to formula (I) R ¹ binds in the para position of the phenyl ring and preferably R ² to R ⁴ are hydrogen.
• 13. Composition according to one of points 11 or 12, characterized in that according to formula (I) the radicals R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ independently of one another represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a methoxy group, a (C ₂ -C ₆ )-acyloxy group, an aryloxy group, a tosyloxy group, a triflyloxy group, a benzyloxy group or a benzoyloxy group.
• 14. Composition according to one of items 11 to 13, characterized in that according to formula (I) R ⁵ stands for a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an isopropyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkoxymethyl group, a benzyloxymethyl group, an acetyloxymethyl group, a benzoyloxymethyl group, a tosyloxymethyl group, a 1-hydroxyethyl group, a 1-((C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkoxy)ethyl group, a 1-(acetyloxy)ethyl group, a 1-(benzoyloxy)ethyl group, a 1-(tosyloxy)ethyl group, a mercaptomethyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₃ )-alkylsulfanylmethyl group, an acetylsulfanylmethyl group, a Benzoylsulfanylmethyl group, a tosylsulfanylmethyl group,
  • a group according to formula (II),
    
  • in which R' represents a hydrogen atom, a (C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₂ to C ₄ )-alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aryl-(C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group,
  • a group according to formula (III),
    
  • in which R' represents a hydrogen atom, a (C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₂ to C ₄ )-alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aryl-(C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group,
  • a group according to formula (IV),
    
  • in which n is 0 or 1, X is an oxygen atom or a group -NH- and R" is a hydrogen atom, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₂ to C ₄ )-alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aryl-(C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group,
  • a group according to formula (V),
    
  • in which n is 1 or 2 and R" and R‴ independently of one another represent a hydrogen atom, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₂ - C ₆ )-acyl group, a benzoyl group, an aryl-(C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group, an aminoiminomethyl group or a tosyl group,
  • a group according to formula (VI),
    
  • in which n is 0 or 1 and R is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkyl group, a (C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkoxy group, an N-(C ₁ -C ₄ )-alkylamino group, an aryl-(C ₁ to C ₄ )-alkyl group, an acetyloxy group, a benzoyloxy group, a triflyloxy group or a tosyloxy group.
• 15. Composition according to item 14, characterized in that R' according to formula (II) represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-propyl group, an allyl group, a benzyl group or a phenyl group.
• 16. Composition according to one of items 14 or 15, characterized in that R' according to formula (III) represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a benzyl group, a benzoyloxy group or a phenyl group.
• 17. Composition according to one of items 14 to 16, characterized in that R' according to formula (IV) represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a benzyl group, a benzoyloxy group or a phenyl group.
• 18. Composition according to one of items 14 to 17, characterized in that R" and R‴ according to formula (V) independently of one another represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a benzyl group, a benzoyl group, acetyl group, an aminoiminomethyl group or a tosyl group.
• 19. Composition according to one of items 14 to 18, characterized in that R according to formula (VI) represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a methoxy group, an acetyloxy group, a tosyloxy group, a triflyloxy group, a benzyloxy group or a benzoyloxy group.
• 20. Composition according to one of items 14 to 19, characterized in that the 2,5-diketopiperazine compound of the formula (I) is the configurational isomer 3S,6S, 3R,6S, 3S,6R, 3R,6R or mixtures thereof (preferably 3S, 6S) based on the stereochemistry of the carbon atoms at the 3- and 6-positions of the 2,5-diketopiperazine ring.
• 21. Composition according to one of items 1 to 20, characterized in that the organic compound of component (ii) is selected from 3-benzyl-6-carboxyethyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-carboxymethyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-iso-propyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-(4-aminobutyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3,6-di(benzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3,6-di(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3,6-di(4-(benzyloxy)benzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-Benzyl-6-(4-imidazolyl)methyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-methyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-(2-(benzyloxycarbonyl)ethyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine or mixtures thereof.
• 22. Composition according to one of items 1 to 21, characterized in that, based on the total weight of the composition, component (ii) is present in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight, in particular from 0.5 to 3.0% by weight.
• 22. Composition according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that water is contained in a total amount between 0 and 70 wt.%, more preferably between 0 and 60 wt.%, more preferably between 0 to 40 wt.%, more preferably between 0 to 25 wt.%.
• 23. Composition according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that it additionally contains at least one organic solvent with at least one hydroxyl group, without amino group and with a molecular weight of at most 500 g/mol (preferably selected from (C ₂ -C ₈ )-alkanols with at least one hydroxyl group (particularly preferably ethanol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, glycerin, 1,3-propanediol, n-propanol, isopropanol, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol), triethylene glycol, butyl diglycol, polyethylene glycols with a weight-average molecular mass M _w of at most 500 g/mol, glycerin carbonate, propylene carbonate, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol, butyl lactate, 2-isobutyl-2-methyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, dipropylene glycol, or mixtures thereof).
• 24. Composition according to item 23, characterized in that said organic solvent is contained in a total amount of from 5 to 40 wt.%, in particular from 10 to 35 wt.%.
• 25. Composition according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that it additionally contains at least one polyalkylene oxide compound having a weight-average molecular mass M _w of at least 4000 g/mol.
• 26. Composition according to item 25, characterized in that said polyalkylene oxide compound is selected from polyethylene oxide, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer and mixtures thereof.
• 27. Composition according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that at least one polymeric polyol, in particular polyvinyl alcohol, is additionally contained.
• 28. Composition according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that the storage modulus is in a range of 10 ⁵ Pa to 10 ⁷ Pa.
• 29. Composition according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that it additionally contains at least one stabilizer selected from magnesium sulfate, zinc acetate, calcium acetate, magnesium oxide, inorganic salt (in particular sulfate, acetate or carbonate) of Mg, Ca, Zn, Na or K, acetamide monoethanolamine, hexamethylenetetramine, guanidine, polypropylene glycol ether, salt of amino acids or mixtures thereof.
• 30. Composition according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that it is present as a shaped body, in particular with a weight of at least 1 g, preferably of at least 5 g, particularly preferably of 10 to 30 g.
• 31. Composition according to one of the preceding points, characterized in that the composition is transparent.
• 32. Portion containing at least one surfactant composition according to any one of items 1 to 31.
• 33. Portion according to item 32, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one further composition.
• 34. Portion according to one of items 32 or 33, characterized in that it is designed as a shaped body of at least one surfactant composition of items 1 to 23, wherein the shaped body preferably has a weight of at least 1 g, particularly preferably of at least 5 g, very particularly preferably of 10 to 30 g.
• 35. Portion according to item 32 or 33, characterized in that it comprises at least one chamber with a wall made of water-soluble material, the portion containing at least one viscoelastic, solid-shaped shaped body according to item 22.
• 36. Process for substrate treatment comprising the process steps
  1. (a) providing an aqueous liquor by mixing 0.5 L to 40.0 L of water with 0.5 to 100 g of a composition according to any one of items 1 to 31, and
  2. (b) bringing at least one textile into contact with the aqueous liquor prepared according to (a).
• 37. A process for producing a solid surfactant composition according to one of items 1 to 31, characterized in that first a liquid composition containing at least one organic compound with a molecular weight of < 1000 g/mol, a solubility in water of less than 0.1 g/L (20°C, pH 7) and a structure containing
  1. a) at least two groups selected from -OH, -NH-, or mixtures thereof,
     and
  2. b) at least one carbocyclic structural unit having at least two endocyclic double bonds, in particular at least one carbocyclic, aromatic structural unit,
     and
  3. c) at least one further cyclic structural unit having at least two carbonyl groups
  in the presence of water and 0.1 to 70% by weight of surfactant and optional additives, the liquid composition is brought to a temperature above the sol-gel transition temperature of the liquid composition, and the heated liquid composition is then poured into a mold, preferably into a cavity of a trough mold, and cooled in said mold to below the sol-gel transition temperature to form a viscoelastic, solid-shaped molded body.

Examples 1.0 Synthesis of 2,5-diketopiperazine derivatives 1.1 General synthesis procedure Materials:

Unless otherwise indicated, all reactions were carried out at room temperature and under laboratory conditions. All chemicals used for synthesis were purchased from commercial suppliers and used as received. Dry dichloromethane (CH ₂ Cl ₂ ) was obtained using an inert PS-MD-6 solvent purification system.

Thin layer chromatography was carried out on silica gel 60 plates coated with a fluorescent marker ( Macherey-Nagel, ALUGRAM Xtra SIL G/UV254) and visualized using UV light (254 nm/366 nm). If necessary, ninhydrin was also used. Column chromatography was carried out with silica gel (0.040 - 0.063 mm).

NMR spectra were measured on a Bruker Avance 360WB spectrometer. Chemical shifts of the ¹ H-NMR spectra are given as δ (parts per million) relative to the signal of d ₆ -DMSO (at 2.50 ppm (quin)). Chemical shifts for ¹³ C-NMR spectra are given as δ (parts per million) relative to the d ₆ -DMSO signal at 39.5 ppm (sept.). The following abbreviations were used to describe the signals: br. = broad, s = singlet, d = doublet, dd = doublet of doublets t = triplet, m = multiplet. Coupling constants J are given in Hertz.

High resolution (HR) ESI mass spectra were measured on a Bruker impact II. All signals were expressed as mass to charge ratio m/z.

IR spectra were measured on a Nicolet Thermo iS10 scientific spectrometer with diamond ATR unit. The absorption bands were expressed in cm ^-1 with the following relative intensity: s (strong, 0 - 33 % T); m (medium, 34 - 66 % T), w (weak, 67 - 100 % T), and br (broad).

Melting points of solids and of compounds that solidified after chromatography were determined on a Büchi M-5600 melting point apparatus and were uncorrected. The measurements were taken at a heating rate of 5 °C/min and the melting points are given in °C.

Synthesis procedure:

The synthesis was carried out analogously Suzuki et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1981, 29 (1), 233-237 .

The N-Boc-protected amino acid (1.0 eq) and the C-ester-protected amino acid (1.0 eq) were dissolved in anhydrous CH ₂ Cl ₂ (0.4 M) and cooled to 0 °C. HBTU (1.0 eq) and NEts (2.0 eq) were added successively and stirred until all starting materials had reacted. During this time, the reaction mixture was slowly warmed to 25 °C. The mixture was washed with saturated NaHCO ₃ solution (2×) and the combined aqueous phases were extracted with CH ₂ Cl ₂ (3×). The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na ₂ SO ₄ and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Purification by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 ) afforded the dipeptide as a colorless solid.

The dipeptide (1.0 eq) was dissolved in CH ₂ Cl ₂ (0.4 M) and cooled to 0 °C. TFA (5.0 eq) was added in one portion and stirred until the starting material was converted. During this time, the reaction mixture was slowly warmed to 25 °C. All volatile components were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was coevaporated with toluene (5×) to remove residual TFA. The TFA salt was isolated as a colorless solid.

The TFA salt (1.0 eq) was dissolved in 2-butanol (0.1 M) and AcOH (3.0 eq) and NEts (2.0 eq) were added. The mixture was stirred at 80 °C until complete conversion of the starting material and finally cooled to 25 °C. The precipitate was filtered off, washed with THF (3×) and dried under fine vacuum. Finally, the cyclized dipeptide was obtained as a colorless solid.

If the cyclized dipeptide still contained protective groups, these were removed by hydrogenation. For this purpose, the protected cyclic dipeptide was mixed in MeOH (0.1 M) and palladium on activated carbon (5 mol%) was added. The suspension was saturated with hydrogen and stirred at 25 °C until complete conversion. After filtration and removal of the solvent under reduced pressure, the deprotected cyclic dipeptide was isolated as a colorless solid.

1.2 Characterization: a) (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-6-methylpiperazine-2,5-dione (DKP 1):

Mp.: 267 - 269 °C decom. ¹ H-NMR (360 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ): δ = 8.13 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.33 - 7.18 (m, 3H), 7.18 - 7.10 (m, 2H), 4.17 ( s, 1H), 3.67 - 3.56 (m, 1H), 3.12 (dd, J = 13.4, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 2.85 (dd, J = 13.4, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 0.45 (d, J = 7.0 Hz , 3H) ppm. ¹³ C{ ¹ H} NMR (91 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ): δ = 167.7, 165.8, 136.1, 130.4 (2x), 128.1 (2x), 126.7, 55.4, 49.7, 38.3, 19.7 ppm. IR (ATR, pure): ṽ = 3184 (w), 3033 (w), 2979 (w), 2889 (w), 1663 (s), 1484 (m), 1466 (s), 1455 (s), 1371 (w), 1338 (s), 1242 (f), 1211 (f), 1191 (f), 1160 (f), 1104 (m), 1054 (m), 969 (f), 923 (f), 856 (s), 777 (m), 752 (m), 696 (s) cm ^-1 . HR-MS (ESI): calculated for C ₁₂ H ₁₄ N ₂ O ₂ Na [M+Na] ⁺ : m/z = 241.09475, found: 241.09485 (dev.: 0.10 mmu; 0.43 ppm).

b) (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-6-isopropylpiperazine-2,5-dione (DKP 2):

mp: 262 - 264 °C decomposition ¹ H-NMR (360 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ): δ = 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.28 - 7.12 (m, 5H), 4.21 (s, 1H), 3.53 (s, 1H), 3.15 (dd, J = 13.4, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.86 (dd, J = 13.5, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 1.77 - 1.63 (m, 1H), 0.64 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H ), 0.24 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H) ppm. ¹³ C{ ¹ H}-NMR (91 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ): δ = 166.6, 166.5, 136.3, 130.4 (2x), 128.0 (2x), 126.5, 59.2, 55.0, 37.8, 31.0, 18.3, 16.1 ppm . IR (ATR, pure): ṽ = 3186 (w), 3047 (w), 2966 (w), 2886 (w), 1661 (s), 1452 (s), 1374 (w), 1344 (m), 1252 (f), 1215 (f), 1175 (f), 1107 (f), 1060 (f), 1014 (f), 923 (f), 851 (m), 832 (m), 800 (m), 760 (m), 698 (s) cm ^-1 . HR-MS (ESI): calculated for C ₁₄ H ₁₈ N ₂ O ₂ Na [M+Na] ⁺ : m/z = 269.12605, found: 269.12624 (dev.: 0.19 mmu; 0.72 ppm).

c) (3S,6S)-3,6-Dibenzylpiperazine-2,5-dione (DKP 3):

Mp.: 298 - 300 °C decomposition ¹ H-NMR (360 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ): δ = 7.93 (s, 2H), 7.33 - 7.16 (m, 6H), 7.04 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 4H), 4.02 - 3.93 (m, 2H), 2.58 (dd, J = 13.7, 4.9 Hz, 2H), 2.23 (dd, J = 13.7, 6.2 Hz, 2H) ppm. ¹³ C{ ¹ H}-NMR (91 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ): δ = 166.2 (2x), 136.6 (2x), 129.9 (4x), 128.2 (4x), 126.5 (2x), 55.4 (2x), 39.4 (2x) ppm. IR (ATR, pure): ṽ = 3197 (w), 3054 (w), 2927 (w), 1660 (s), 1497 (w), 1460 (w), 1338 (m), 1268 (w), 1212 (w), 1194 (f), 1091 (f), 1033 (f), 1015 (f), 922 (f), 872 (f), 853 (f), 803 (m), 755 (s), 699 (s), 659 (m) cm ^-1 . HR-MS (ESI): calculated for C ₁₈ H ₁₈ N ₂ O ₂ Na [M+Na] ⁺ : m/z = 317.12605, found: 317.12621 (dev.: 0.16 mmu; 0.50 ppm).

d) (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione (DKP 4):

M.p.: 297 - 299 °C Decomposition. ¹ H-NMR (360 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ): δ = 9.23 (s, 1H), 7.88 (s, 2H), 7.32 - 7.15 (m, 3H), 7.03 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 6.67 (d, J = 8. 3 Hz, 2H), 3.97 - 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.91 - 3.86 (m, 2H), 2.57 (dd, J = 13.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 2.54 - 2.51 (m, 1H), 2.23 - 2.12 (m, 2H) ppm. ¹³ C{ ¹ H}-NMR (91 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ): δ = 166.3, 166.2, 156.1, 136.7, 130.9 (2x), 129.8 (2x), 128.2 (2x), 126.5, 126.5, 115.1 (2x), 55.7, 55.4 , 38.6 ppm. IR (ATR, pure): ṽ = 3535 (w), 3204 (br), 3029 (w), 1653 (s), 1615 (m), 1589 (m), 1516 (s), 1496 (w), 1464 (s), 1331 (m), 1274 (m), 1248 (m), 1224 (m), 1200 (m), 1173 (s), 1101 (m), 1078 (m), 1013 (w), 878 (w), 805 (s), 750 (s), 696 (s), 660 (s) cm ^-1 . HR-MS (ESI): calculated for C ₁₈ H ₁₈ N ₂ O ₃ Na [M+Na] ⁺ : m/z = 333.12096, found: 333.12102 (dev.: 0.06 mmu; 0.16 ppm).

e) (3S,6S)-3-(4-aminobutyl)-6-benzylpiperazine-2,5-dione (DKP 5):

M.p.: 199 - 201 °C Decomposition. ¹ H-NMR (360 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ): δ = 8.14 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.31 - 7.17 (m, 3H), 7.17 -7.10 (m, 2H), 4.23 - 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.60 - 3.50 (m, 1H), 3. 15 (dd, J = 13.4, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 2.83 (dd, J = 13.4, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 2.74 (br. s, 2H), 2.32 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.13 - 0.96 (m, 3H), 0.81 - 0.56 (m, 3 H) ppm. ¹³ C{ ¹ H} NMR (91 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ): δ = 167.0, 166.1, 136.1, 130.4 (2x), 128.0 (2x), 126.7, 55.3, 53.9, 41.4, 38.1, 33.2, 33.0, 20.9 ppm. IR (ATR, pure): ṽ = 3184 (w), 3030 (w), 2926 (m), 2894 (m), 2359 (w), 1660 (s), 1453 (s), 1339 (m), 1246 (w), 1213 (w), 1192 (w), 1101 (m), 1033 (w), 1009 (w), 919 (m), 840 (m), 754 (s), 696 (s) cm ^-1 . HR-MS (ESI): calculated for C ₁₅ H ₂₂ N ₃ O ₂ [M+H] ⁺ : m/z = 276.17065, found: 276.17088 (dev.: 0.23 mmu; 0.81 ppm).

f) (3S,6S)-3-((1H-Imidazol-4-yl)methyl)-6-benzylpiperazine-2,5-dione (DKP 6):

M.p.: 244 - 246 °C Decomposition. ¹ H-NMR (360 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ): δ = 11.81 (s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.35 - 7.18 (m, 3H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 6.59 (s, 1 H), 4.18 - 4.09 (m, 1H), 3.83 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.90 - 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.55 (dd, J = 14.8, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 1.56 (dd, J = 14.5, 9.0 Hz, 1H) ppm. ¹³ C{ ¹ H} NMR (91 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ): δ = 166.7, 166.1, 136.3, 135.0, 130.2, 128.2, 126.7, 55.3, 54.4, 38.6, 31.3 ppm (two signals unresolved). IR (ATR, pure): ṽ = 3185 (w), 3055 (w), 2973 (w), 2881 (w), 2360 (w), 1672 (s), 1496 (w), 1454 (m), 1339 (m), 1272 (w), 1240 (w), 1179 (w), 1135 (w), 1093 ( m), 1012 (w), 982 (w), 930 (w), 822 (m), 758 (m), 699 (s), 660 (m) cm ^-1 . HR-MS (ESI): calculated for C ₁₅ H ₁₇ N ₄ O ₂ [M+H] ⁺ : m/z = 285.13460, found: 285.13493 (dev.: 0.33 mmu; 1.15 ppm).

g) 3-((2S,5S)-5-Benzyl-3,6-dioxopiperazin-2-yl)propanoic acid benzyl ester (DKP 7):

Melting point: 218 - 220 °C. ¹ H-NMR (360 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ): δ = 8.25 (s, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.46 - 7.30 (m, 5H), 7.24 - 7.09 (m, 4H), 7.03 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 4.23 - 4.17 (m, 1H), 3.74 - 3.65 (m, 1H), 3.15 (dd, J = 13.4, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 2.82 (dd, J = 13.4, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 1.79 - 1.61 (m, 2H), 1.33 - 1.20 (m, 1H), 1.14 - 1.00 (m, 1H) ppm. ¹³ C{ ¹ H}-NMR (91 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ): δ = 172.0, 166.4, 166.2, 136.3, 135.9, 130.4 (2x), 128.5 (2x), 128.1, 128.0 (2x), 128.0 (2x), 126.8, 65. 3, 55.3, 52.8, 37.9, 28.4, 28.3 ppm. IR (ATR, pure): ṽ = 3190 (w), 3060 (w), 2969 (w), 2902 (w), 1732 (m), 1672 (s), 1456 (m), 1436 (m), 1394 (w), 1338 (m), 1260 (m), 1215 (w), 1152 (s), 1102 ( m), 1012 (w), 956 (m), 864 (m), 844 (m), 819 (m), 753 (s), 700 (s), 656 (m) cm ^-1 . HR-MS (ESI): calculated for C ₂₁ H ₂₂ N ₂ O ₄ Na [M+Na] ⁺ : m/z = 389.14718, found: 389.14730 (dev.: 0.12 mmu; 0.32 ppm).

h) 3-((2S,5S)-5-benzyl-3,6-dioxopiperazin-2-yl)propanoic acid (also called: (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-6-carboxyethylpiperazin-2,5-dione) (DKP 8):

M.p.: 241 - 243 °C Decomposition. ¹ H-NMR (360 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ): δ = 11.91 (br. s, 1H), 8.20 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.31 - 7.20 (m, 2H), 7.22 - 7.11 (m, 3H), 4.2 2 - 4.15 (m, 1H), 3.72 - 3.64 (m, 1H), 3.14 (dd, J = 13.4, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 2.84 (dd, J = 13.4, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 1.75 - 1.57 (m, 2H), 1.33 - 1.17 (m, 1H ), 1.11 - 0.99 (m, 1H) ppm. ¹³ C{ ¹ H}-NMR (91 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ): δ = 173.9, 166.6, 166.3, 136.0, 130.3 (2x), 128.0 (2x), 126.8, 55.3, 53.0, 38.0, 28.6, 28.5 ppm. IR (ATR, pure): ṽ = 3150 (br), 3030 (w), 2981 (w), 2886 (w), 2361 (w), 1736 (s), 1664 (s), 1470 (m), 1454 (m), 1409 (m), 1335 (m), 1321 (m), 1311 (m), 1272 ( m), 1175 (s), 1098 (m), 904 (m), 855 (s), 820 (s), 777 (m), 750 (m), 699 (s), 682 (m) cm ^-1 . HR-MS (ESI): calculated for C ₁₄ H ₁₆ N ₂ O ₄ Na [M+Na] ⁺ : m/z = 299.10023, found: 299.10028 (dev.: 0.05 mmu; 0.17 ppm).

i) ( 3S , 6S )-3,6-Bis(4-(benzyloxy)benzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione (DKP 9):

Mp.: 269 - 271 °C. ¹ H-NMR (360 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ): δ = 7.89 (s, 2H), 7.41 - 7.25 (m, 10H), 7.01 - 6.88 (m, 8H), 5.05 (s, 4H), 3.92 ( s, 2H), 2.59 - 2.50 (m, 2H), 2.21 (dd, J = 13.7, 6.2 Hz, 2H) ppm. ¹³ C{ ¹ H}-NMR (91 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ): δ = 166.3 (2x), 157.2 (2x), 137.2 (2x), 130.9 (4x), 128.7 (2x), 128.4 (4x), 127.7 (2x), 127.5 (4x), 114.6 (4x), 69.1 (2x), 55.6 (2x), 38.5 (2x) ppm. IR (ATR, pure): ṽ = 3179 (w), 3030 (w), 2881 (w), 2852 (w), 1660 (s), 1611 (m), 1508 (s), 1463 (s), 1453 (s), 1376 (w), 1340 (m), 1310 (m), 1297 (m), 1237 (s), 1225 (s), 1174 (s), 1110 (m), 1042 (m), 1016 (m), 922 (m), 833 (s), 808 (s), 773 (s), 755 (m), 732 (s), 721 (s), 694 (s), 653 (m) cm ^{- 1} . HR-MS (ESI): calculated for C ₃₂ H ₃₀ N ₂ O ₄ Na [M+Na] ⁺ : m/z = 529.20978, found: 529.20998 (dev.: 0.20 mmu; 0.37 ppm).

j) (3 S ,6 S )-3,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione (DKP 10):

Mp.: 259 - 261 °C Decomp. ¹ H-NMR (360 MHz, DMSO -d ₆ ): δ = 9.23 (s, 2H), 7.80 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 6.68 (d, J = 7.9 Hz , 4H), 3.85 (s, 2H), 2.56 - 2.50 (m, 2H), 2.09 (dd, J = 13.7, 6.6 Hz, 2H) ppm. ¹³ C{ ¹ H}-NMR (91 MHz, DMSO- d ₆ ): δ = 166.3 (2x), 156.1 (2x), 130.8 (4x), 126.6 (2x), 115.1 (4x), 55.8 (2x), 38.9 (2x) ppm. IR (ATR, pure): ṽ = 3516 (w), 3145 (w), 1665 (s), 1614 (m), 1598 (m), 1515 (s), 1456 (s), 1378 (w), 1337 (m), 1308 (f), 1272 (m), 1237 (s), 1173 (m), 1104 (m), 1085 (f), 1013 (f), 950 (f), 925 (f), 884 (w), 825 (s), 796 (s), 776 (s), 717 (m) cm ^-1 . HR-MS (ESI): calculated for C ₁₈ H ₁₈ N ₂ O ₄ Na [M+Na] ⁺ : m/z = 349.11588, found: 349.11579 (dev.: -0.09 mmu; -0.26 ppm).

3.0 Preparation of viscoelastic, solid surfactant compositions

The following viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition was prepared according to Table 2.1 ( vide infra ). For this purpose, a selection of 2,5-diketopiperazine compounds according to Table 2 ( vide infra ) in the amount stated therein was mixed together with the remaining ingredients of a formulation from R1 to R3 as follows.

In total, five compositions E1 to E5 according to the invention were prepared (cf. Table 2.2 in conjunction with Table 2.1). Table 2.1: Viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition Chemical name F1
% active substance C _10-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonic acid 22.00 C _12-18 fatty alcohol ether sulfate with 2 moles of ethylene oxide 5.00 C _13-15 alkyl ether with 7 moles of ethylene oxide 12.00 NaOH (50 wt.% solution in water) 1.25 Water to 100 resulting composition according to the invention Chemical name DKP to F1
[Wt.%] E1 (clear) (DKP 2) 1.0 E2 (clear) (DKP 9) 1.0 E3 (clear) (DKP 10) 1.0 E4 (slightly cloudy) (3 S ,6 S )-3-benzyl-piperazine-2,5-dione 2.0 E5 (slightly cloudy) ( 3S , 6S )-3-benzyl-6-carboxymethylpiperazine-2,5-dione 3.0

3.0 Provision of viscoelastic, solid textile detergents

To prepare the molded bodies, the clear, liquid detergents F1 to F6 were prepared according to Table 3.1. Table 3.1: Liquid detergents F1
[Wt.%] F2
[Wt.%] F3
[Wt.%] F4
[Wt.%] F5
[Wt.%] F6
[Wt.%] C _11-13 -alkylbenzenesulfonic acid 23.0 26.0 23.0 9.0 3.0 6.0 (C _12-14 )-fatty alcohol ether sulfate with 2 units of ethylene oxide - - - 9.0 4.6 6.0 C _13-15 alkyl alcohol branched at 2-position ethoxylated with 8 moles of ethylene oxide 24.0 27.0 24.0 6.0 - 3.0 Fatty alcohol ether ethoxylated with 7 moles of ethylene oxide - - - - 3.7 - glycerin 9.0 9.0 9.0 - - - 2-Aminoethanol 6.8 6.8 6.8 - - - Sodium hydroxide - - - 4.0 0.6 2.0 ethoxylated polyethyleneimine 5.0 5.0 5.0 - - - C _12-18 fatty acid 7.5 7.5 7.5 1.0 1.3 3.0 Diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N',N"-penta(methylenephosphonic acid), heptosodium salt (sodium DTPMP) 0.6 0.6 0.6 3.0 0.2 1.0 citric acid - - - to pH 8.5 to pH 8.5 2.0 Boric acid - - - 1.0 0.5 1.0 1,2-propylene glycol 4.5 4.5 4.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 Ethanol 4.0 4.0 4.0 1.0 0.2 1.0 Sodium bisulfite 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - - Denatonium benzoate 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 Soil-release polymer made from ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide terephthalate 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.5 - 0.5 Sokalan HP 56 - - 0.15 0.2 - - Perfume, dye, protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase, optical brightener 1.7 1.7 (without colorant) 1.5 (without optical brightener) 2.6 1.0 2.6 Water to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100

To produce a molded article from one of the liquid detergents in Table 3.1, a premix was first prepared as a solution of 1.0 g (3S, 6S)-3,6-di(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP 10) and 92 g of the selected liquid detergent in Table 3.1 while heating. 15 g of the still hot and clear premix were incorporated into 85 g of the liquid detergent in Table 3.1 at room temperature while stirring vigorously. 19 g of the resulting solution were quickly poured into a cube mold. The temperature of the solution in the mold was gradually reduced to room temperature. After solidification, the molded article was removed from the mold.

4.0 Provision of viscoelastic, solid dishwashing detergents

To prepare the molded bodies, liquid dishwashing detergents G1 and G2 were prepared according to Table 4.1. Table 4.1: Liquid dishwashing detergents G1 & G2 for the machine G1
[Wt.%] G2
(Phase 1)
[Wt.%] G2
(Phase 2)
[Wt.%] Glycerine 2.50 - - _CaCl2 - 0.27 - Sorbitol - 8.40 - Boric acid - 3.00 - Xanthan 0.50 - - Sulfopolymer 7.5 5.70 - GLDA, tetrasodium salt 18,00 9.40 14.10 HEDP - - 2.58 citric acid 5.00 3.00 11.40 Phosphonate 0.6 - - Non-ionic surfactant 3.00 3.50 - Monoethanolamine 4.00 - 2.75 KOH (50%) - 2.43 2.35 soda - - 9.00 Cationic rinse aid polymer 0.2 - - Amylase (wt% active enzyme) 0.0125 0.04 - Protease (wt% active enzyme) 0.2 0.14 - Bitrex, perfume, preservatives 0.5 0.5 0.5 blue dye 0.003 0.003 - red dye - - 0.01 Water to 100 to 100 to 100

4.1 Production of a molded body from G1:

To produce a molded body from G1, a premix was first prepared from the liquid dishwashing detergent G1 from Table 4.1 as a solution of 1.0 g (3S, 6S)-3,6-di(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP 10) and 92 g G1 from Table 4.1 by heating. 15 g of the still hot and clear premix were incorporated into 85 g of the dishwashing detergent G1 from Table 4.1 at room temperature with vigorous stirring. 19 g of the resulting solution were quickly poured into a cube mold. The temperature of the solution in the mold was gradually reduced to room temperature. After solidification, the molded body was removed from the mold.

4.1 Production of a 2-phase molded body from G2:

To produce a single molded body from the two phases of composition G2, a first premix was prepared from the liquid dishwashing detergent G2 (phase 1) from Table 4.1 as a solution of 1.0 g (3S, 6S)-3,6-di(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP 10) and 92 g G2 (phase 1) from Table 4.1 while heating. In a separate vessel, a second premix was prepared analogously from the composition G2 (phase 2) from Table 4.1.

15 g of the still hot and clear premix 1 were incorporated into 85 g of the dishwashing detergent G2 (Phase 1) from Table 4.1 at room temperature with vigorous stirring. 9.5 g of the resulting solution were quickly poured into a cube-shaped mold, which was then half filled. The temperature of the solution in the mold was gradually reduced to room temperature.

After solidification, the molded body of phase 1 was left in the cavity. 15 g of the still hot and clear premix 2 were incorporated into 85 g of the room-temperature dishwashing detergent G2 (phase 2) from Table 4.1 with vigorous stirring. 9.5 g of the resulting solution were quickly poured into the cube cavity mold on top of the already hardened molded body of G2 (phase 1). The temperature of the solution in the cavity was gradually reduced to room temperature.

The resulting molded body made of G2 was removed from the mold after curing of phase 2. A stable, one-piece molded body with two phases (red and blue) was obtained.

Claims (14)

1. A viscoelastic, solid surfactant composition containing, based on the total weight thereof,

   (i) a total amount of from 0.1 to 70 wt.% of at least one surfactant, and

   (ii) at least one organic compound having a molecular weight of < 1000 g/mol, a solubility in water of less than 0.1 g/L (20°C, pH 7) and a structure containing

   a) at least two groups selected from -OH, -NH-, or mixtures thereof, and

   b) at least one carbocyclic structural unit having at least two endocyclic double bonds, in particular at least one carbocyclic, aromatic structural unit, and

   c) at least one further cyclic structural unit which comprises at least two carbonyl groups,
   and

   (iii) water,

   wherein component (ii) is selected from at least one diketopiperazine compound of formula (I)

   

   where

   R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a (C₁-C₆) alkyl group, a (C₂-C₆) alkenyl group, a (C₂-C₆) acyl group, a (C₂-C₆) acyloxy group, a (C₁-C₆) alkoxy group, an amino group, a (C₂-C₆) acylamino group, a (C₁-C₆) alkylaminocarbonyl group, an aryl group, an aroyl group, an aroyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aryl-(C₁-C₄) alkyloxy group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃) alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C₁-C₃) alkyl group, a (C₁-C₄) hydroxyalkyl group, a (C₁-C₄) aminoalkyl group, a carboxy-(C₁-C₃) alkyl group, where at least two of the functional groups R¹ to R⁴ can form, together with the remainder of the molecule, a 5-membered or 6-membered ring,

   R⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, a linear (C₁ to C₆) alkyl group, a branched (C₃ to C₁₀) alkyl group, a (C₃ to C₆) cycloalkyl group, a (C₂-C₆) alkenyl group, a (C₂-C₆) alkynyl group, a (C₁-C₄) hydroxyalkyl group, a (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, a (C₁-C₄)-acyloxy-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an aryloxy-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an O-(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)oxy-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, a (C₁-C₄)-alkylsulfanyl-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an aryl group, an aryl-(C₁-C₃) alkyl group, a heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl-(C₁-C₃) alkyl group, a (C₁-C₄) hydroxyalkyl group, a (C₁-C₄) aminoalkyl group, an N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N,N-(C₁-C₄)-dialkylamino-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N-(C₂-C₈) acylamino-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N-(C₂-C₈)-acyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N-(C₂-C₈)-aroyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N,N-(C₂-C₈)-diacylamino-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)amino-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N,N-di(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)amino-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, a (C₁-C₄) carboxyalkyl group, a (C₁-C₄)-alkoxycarbonyl-(C₁-C₃) alkyl group, a (C₁-C₄)-acyloxy-(C₁-C₃) alkyl group, a guanidino-(C₁-C₃) alkyl group, an aminocarbonyl(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N,N-di((C₁-C₄)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N-(C₂-C₈)-acylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N,N-(C₂-C₈)-diacylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N-(C₂-C₈)-acyl-N-(C₁-C₄)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group, an N-(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)-N-(C₁-C₆)-alkylaminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group or an N,N-di(aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)aminocarbonyl-(C₁-C₄) alkyl group.
2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfactant composition has a storage modulus of between 10³ Pa and 10⁸ Pa, preferably between 10⁴ Pa and 10⁸ Pa, and a loss modulus (at 20 °C, with a deformation of 0.1% and a frequency of 1 Hz), and the storage modulus in the frequency range between 10^-3 Hz and 10² Hz is at least twice as great as the loss modulus, preferably at least five times as great as the loss modulus, particularly preferably at least ten times as great as the loss modulus.
3. The composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it contains at least one anionic surfactant, preferably at least one anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of C8-18 alkyl benzene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, C12-18 alkane sulfonates, ester sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkenyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, and mixtures thereof.
4. The composition according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one compound of formula (T-1) is contained as a surfactant,

   

   where
   R' and R", independently of one another, are H or alkyl, and together contain 9 to 19, preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 13 C atoms, and Y⁺ denotes a monovalent cation or the nth part of an n-valent cation (in particular Na⁺).
5. The composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it contains at least one non-ionic surfactant.
6. The composition according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains at least one non-ionic surfactant of formula (T-2)
   
           R²-O-(XO)_m-H,     (T-2)
   
   where

   R² represents a linear or branched C₈-C₁₈ alkyl functional group, an aryl functional group or alkylaryl functional group, XO independently represents an ethylene oxide (EO) or propylene oxide (PO) group,

   and m represents integers from 1 to 50.
7. The composition according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the further cyclic structural unit c) is selected from at least one 2,5-diketopiperazine structural unit.
8. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that according to formula (I), R¹ binds in the para position of the phenyl ring and preferably R² to R⁴ represent hydrogen.
9. The composition according to one of claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in that, according to formula (I), R⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an isopropyl group, an iso-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, a (C₁-C₃) alkoxymethyl group, a benzyloxymethyl group, an acetyloxymethyl group, a benzoyloxymethyl group, a tosyloxymethyl group, a 1-hydroxyethyl group, a 1-((C₁-C₃)alkoxy)ethyl group, a 1-(acetyloxy)ethyl group, a 1-(benzoyloxy)ethyl group, a 1-(tosyloxy)ethyl group, a mercaptomethyl group, a (C₁-C₃) alkylsulfanylmethyl group, an acetylsulfanylmethyl group, a benzoylsulfanylmethyl group, a tosylsulfanylmethyl group,

   a group according to formula (II),

   

   in which R' denotes a hydrogen atom, a (C₁-C₄) alkyl group, a (C₂-C₄) alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl group,

   a group according to formula (III),

   

   in which R' denotes a hydrogen atom, a (C₁-C₄) alkyl group, a (C₂-C₄) alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl group,

   a group according to formula (IV),

   

   in which n represents 0 or 1, X represents an oxygen atom or a -NH-group and R" represents a hydrogen atom, a (C₁-C₄) alkyl group, a (C₂-C₄) alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl group,

   a group according to formula (V),

   

   in which n represents 1 or 2 and R" and R‴ represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a (C₁-C₄) alkyl group, (C₂-C₆) acyl group, a benzoyl group, an aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl group, an aminoiminomethyl group or a tosyl group,

   a group according to formula (VI),

   

   in which n represents 0 or 1 and R represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a (C₁-C₄) alkyl group, a (C₁-C₄) alkoxy group, an N-(C₁-C₄) alkylamino group, an aryl-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl group, an acetyloxy group, a benzoyloxy group, a triflyloxy group or a tosyloxy group.
10. The composition according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that based on the total weight of the composition, the organic compound of component (ii) is contained in a total amount of at least 0.5 wt.%, in particular from 0.5 to 3.0 wt.%.
11. The composition according to one of claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that the organic compound of component (ii) is selected from 3-benzyl-6-carboxyethyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-carboxymethyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-iso-propyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-(4-aminobutyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3,6-di(benzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3,6-di(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3,6-di(4-(benzyloxy)benzyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-(4-imidazolyl)methyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-methyl-2,5-diketopiperazine, 3-benzyl-6-(2-(benzyloxycarbonyl)ethyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine or mixtures thereof.
12. The composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that water is contained in a total amount of between 4 and 70 wt.%.
13. A method for treating substrates, having the following method steps:

    (a) providing an aqueous liquor by mixing from 0.5 L to 40.0 L of water with from 0.5 to 100 g of a composition according to one of claims 1 to 12, and

    (b) bringing a textile into contact with an aqueous liquor prepared according to step (a).
14. A method for preparing a solid surfactant composition according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that first a liquid composition containing at least one organic compound having a molecular weight of < 1000 g/mol, a solubility in water of less than 0.1 g/L (20°C, pH 7) and a structure containing

    a) at least two groups selected from -OH, -NH-, or mixtures thereof, and

    b) at least one carbocyclic structural unit having at least two endocyclic double bonds, in particular at least one carbocyclic aromatic structural unit,
    and

    c) at least one further cyclic structural unit which comprises at least two carbonyl groups,
    is brought to a temperature above the sol-gel transition temperature of the liquid composition in the presence of water and 0.1 to 70 wt.% surfactant as well as optional additives, and then the heated liquid composition is introduced into a mold, preferably into a cavity in a cavity mold, and is cooled in said mold to below the sol-gel transition temperature, thus forming a viscoelastic, solid shaped body.