EP3740381A1

EP3740381A1 - Device for heating a component material, additive manufacturing installation, and method for additive manufacturing

Info

Publication number: EP3740381A1
Application number: EP19726914.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michael Ott
Original assignee: Siemens AG
Current assignee: Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2018-05-28
Filing date: 2019-05-06
Publication date: 2020-11-25
Also published as: WO2019228755A1; CN112203858A; DE102018208400A1

Abstract

A device (300) for selectively heating a component material (P) for the additive, in particular powder-bed-based, manufacturing of a component (10) is specified. The device comprises a platform (200) with an, in particular inductive, heating head (L), and comprises a suspension means (201), which bears the platform (200) and which is designed to move the platform (200) in controlled fashion along three perpendicular spatial directions (X, Y, Z) within a building space (AR) of an additive manufacturing installation (100). Also specified is an additive manufacturing installation (100) comprising the device (300), and a corresponding method for additive manufacturing.

Description

description

Apparatus for heating a component material, additive manufacturing equipment, and additive manufacturing method

The present invention relates to a device for, in particular selective, heating or preheating a component material in the additive production. The component material is preferably a powder material for the powder-bed-based additive manufacturing of the component. Furthermore, an aditive manufacturing plant, comprising the device and a method for additive production of the component, angege ben.

The component is preferably intended for use in a Strö tion machine, preferably in the hot gas path of a gas turbine. The component preferably consists of a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy. The alloy may be precipitation hardened or precipitation hardenable.

Modern gas turbines are the subject of continuous improvement to increase their efficiency. However, this leads, inter alia, to ever higher temperatures in the hot gas path. The metallic materials for blades, particularly in the first stages, have recently been improved in terms of their strength, creep properties and resistance to thermo-mechanical fatigue.

Due to its potentially disruptive potential for the industry, additive or additive manufacturing is becoming increasingly interesting for series production of the above-mentioned turbine components, such as turbine blades or burner components.

Additive manufacturing methods include, for example, as powder bed processes, selective laser melting (SLM) or laser sintering (SLS), or electron beam melting (EBM). A method for selective laser melting is beispielswei se known from EP 2 601 006 Bl.

Additive manufacturing processes (English: "additive manufacturing") have also proven to be particularly advantageous for complex or filigree-designed components, for example la rinthearth-like structures, cooling and / or lightweight structures, In particular, additive manufacturing is provided by a particularly short chain Of process steps advantageous because a manufacturing or manufacturing step of a component can be done almost exclusively on the basis of a corresponding CAD file and the choice of appropriate manufacturing parameters.

For defect-free or low-defect processing of metals, but especially of y '-hardened nickel-base superalloys in the powder bed-based additive manufacturing or "3D printing" often preheating the structure to be built on well above 1000 ° C is necessary.

Comparable methods are already known from conventional pro duction (cf the technologies for the catchwords "hot box welding" or "sweat welding"). A preheating of a component material or starting powder over the construction platform is sufficient because of the poor heat conduction of the powder However, for example, not material to achieve over the entire height of a corresponding preheating or sufficient warming.

The use of a locally acting "induction heating" is described, for example, in WO 2013/152751 A1, where a system of cross-shaped coils is proposed, but this system, for example in the form of a preheating module in an existing additive manufacturing plant, requires An SLM system, which is integrated, takes up a lot of space and therefore limits the space available and / or a corresponding construction area, as does the system when applying a new layer of powder be moved back into a kind of "parking position" so as not to collide with a coating device.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide means which solve the problems described above. In particular, a device is presented, which allows a simple and intelligent way a selective or local in ductile heating of the component material. The solution also includes the operation of said device, for example, implemented in an additive Herstellungsungsan location.

This object is achieved by the subject of the independent Pa tentansprüche. Advantageous embodiments are Ge subject matter of the dependent claims.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a Vorrich device for, in particular selective, heating or preheating a component material for the additive, in particular powder bed-based, production of the component. The device includes a platform with a, in particular inductive, He warming head. By this means, a high preheating temperature can be achieved particularly expediently.

The device further comprises a suspension, which supports or holds the platform and which is designed to move the platform, for example controlled or controlled, ent long three vertical spatial directions within a construction space of an additive manufacturing plant. In contrast to the solutions already described in the prior art, the embodiment of the suspension also makes possible a targeted or controlled movement of the platform along the vertical spatial Z-axis within the mounting space.

In contrast to already known solutions, the advantages of the proposed solution relate, for example, to the possibility of local and intensive preheating at the place of processing. Accordingly, said location of the processing can be a (mobile) caused by the energy beam molten bath in the Bauteilmate material.

Another advantage relates to the simple possibility of flexible three-dimensional positioning of the platform, preferably at any location within a space and on the build platform. The device claims before geous enough, only a small space within the bucket of. Since the platform on the provided device along the vertical time axis is movable, in particular the space requirement of an additive manufacturing plant in the X and Y direction is not limited.

Furthermore, a reaction atmosphere can be created at the site of processing or selective solidification of the component material via the device or the platform (in situ), which has an advantageous effect on the structural properties or mechanical properties of the component to be produced (see below).

In one embodiment, the heating head comprises a, in particular water-cooled, induction coil, which in particular via a high-frequency generator, such as the device, operated and / or regulated and is formed from, the component material locally to a temperature between 800 ° C and 1200 ° C, in particular of 1000 ° C or more, to heat or pre-heat for the actual additive build-up process, ie to bring to a suitable preheating tempera ture. By preheating in particular high temperature gradients at the location of the molten bath or in its vicinity, which can exceed 1000 K / s, for example, without a corresponding heating, can be prevented. This further advantageously reduces or reduces the formation of crack centers or hot cracks. In one embodiment, the suspension comprises four Aktua factors, which are individually controlled and evenly, example, in a square arrangement, are mounted in the body space. The actuators are preferably each made flexible in order to allow mobility of the platform along the three mutually perpendicular spatial directions.

In one embodiment, the actuators are each made flexible.

In one embodiment, the actuators are each controlled via a gear, a cable, a telescopic arm, pneumatic and / or hydraulic means. By this configuration, the actuators can preferably be made particularly flexible.

In one embodiment, the device comprises a tempera ture meter, such as an infrared camera or a py rometer, which is arranged and formed - example, viewed in supervision on a construction area - the tempera ture of the component material and on the construction area to mes sen and / or to regulate or to control. As a result of this configuration, advantageously the heating head and thus the preheating temperature of the component material can be monitored and regulated.

In one embodiment, the device comprises a protective gas guide which is coupled to the platform and designed to guide a protective gas, for example an inert gas, laminar or parallel over and / or perpendicular to the component material during the additive production of the component. The vertical guidance of the protective gas onto the component material can be implemented, for example, by means of a showerhead-like arrangement of the protective gas guide or a corresponding gas outlet. By coupling the protective gas guide to the platform can advantageously be achieved that the protective gas can be locally guided to or in the area of the component material, which currently just auf- melts and / or tends to corrode or oxidize.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to an additive manufacturing plant comprising the described device. The manufacturing plant preferably further comprises a coating device and a device for irradiation, as in known additive manufacturing systems. However, the device is in the system, example, as viewed along the construction direction of the corresponding component, arranged above a mounting surface.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for preheating and / or additive preparation, preferably before a powder bed method, a component comprising the orders of a layer of a component material on a mounting surface with the coating device.

The method further comprises lowering or approaching a platform in the direction of a region of the construction surface to be irradiated.

The method further comprises heating the region to be irradiated by means of the heating head of the device.

The method further comprises irradiating the area with an energy beam for selective solidification of the construction part material according to a predetermined geometry of the construction part.

In one embodiment, the method comprises - after irradiation of the area - lifting or lifting the building panel form out of an area of action of the irradiation device and then repeating the described steps of applying, lowering, heating

and / or irradiation. In one embodiment, the steps of the described heating and irradiation are performed at least partially simultaneously.

In one embodiment, the irradiation of the area is performed syn chronously, preferably time and / or location, with the heating men, wherein the energy beam during the additi tional structure of the component, for example, by an eye of an induction coil of the device or the heating head ge leads ,

In one embodiment, the component material is heated locally to a temperature of more than 800 ° C., preferably 1000 ° C. or more, particularly preferably 1200 ° C. or more.

In one embodiment, the component material is locally heated to ei ne temperature between 800 ° C and 1200 ° C, in particular 1000 ° C or more.

In one embodiment, the component material is a g

and / or g 'hardened nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy, and the component has a component turned or provided in the hot gas path of a gas turbine.

In one embodiment, the component material before the egg tual additive structure, for example by selective laser melting, only preheated.

Embodiments, features and / or advantages, which relate vorlie on the device or the additive manufacturing plant, may also relate to the process for additive manufel ment or vice versa.

Further features, properties and advantages of the present invention will be described below with reference to Ausführungsbeispie len with reference to the accompanying figures tert erläu closer. All features described above and below are both individually and in combination with each other advantageous. It is understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following description is therefore not to be construed in a limiting sense.

The term "and / or" as used herein, when used in a series of two or more elements, means that each of the listed elements can be used alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed elements can be used ,

Further details of the invention are described below with reference to the figures.

FIG. 1 indicates a powder-bed-based additive manufacturing process of a component on the basis of a schematic sectional view.

Figure 2 shows a simplified and schematic perspekti vische view of a device according to the invention.

FIG. 3 indicates method steps according to the invention on the basis of a schematic flow diagram.

In the embodiments and figures, the same or equivalent elements may each be provided with the same Bezugszei chen. The elements shown and their size ratios with each other are basically not to be considered as true to scale, but individual elements, for better presentation and / or better understanding of understanding can be shown exaggerated thick or large.

FIG. 1 shows an additive manufacturing plant 100. The plant 100 is preferably a device for the additive manufacture of a component (cf. reference numeral 10) from a powder bed, for example by selective laser melting. zen or electron beam melting. The system 100 has a substrate plate 11. On the substrate plate or the sub strate 11 is in the course of its additive production, a construction part 10 constructed, ie preferably also directly stoffschlüs sig connected or "welded".

The component is preferably a component which is used in the hot gas path of a turbomachine, for example a gas turbine. In particular, the component may designate a rotor or vane segment, a segment or ring segment, a burner part or a burner tip, a frame, a shield, a nozzle, a gasket, a filter, a Mün or lance, a resonator, stamp or a swirler , or a corresponding transition, use, or a corresponding retrofit part.

The component 10 is preferably constructed in a construction space AR of the system 100.

The component 10 is shown in Figure 1, preferably only partially built on, for example, only two Schich th S of a component material P.

The component material P may be a powder of a g- and / or g'-hardened, nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy.

Individual layers of the material P for the layers S of the component are preferably applied over a Beschichtungsvorrich device 30 and then selectively melted by means of an energy beam 21 for the construction of the component 10 and solidified. The energy beam is preferably emitted by an irradiation device 20, for example as a display or comprising an electron beam or a laser source.

After a layer S has been built up, the substrate plate 11 will preferably correspond to one of the layer thickness S - lowered the measure. Subsequently, a new powder layer for the construction of the component 10 is applied, for example, starting from a powder supply, which te on the left Be in Figure 1 is shown.

The additive buildup process is preferably carried out under an inert or inert gas atmosphere or at least in a reduced oxygen content atmosphere in order to influence corrosion, oxidation or other influences which affect the quality of the component material, ie the powder P, or the finally produced component 10 , to avoid.

A corresponding inert gas or inert gas guidance is not explicitly indicated in FIG. 1; However, it may be provided and designed to guide an inert gas, for example laminar, over a mounting surface AF.

Furthermore, FIG. 1 shows a camera, for example an infrared camera 50, which is preferably arranged and designed to measure and / or regulate the temperature of the component material P on the mounting surface AF.

Furthermore, in Figure 1 is already a Platt form 200 according to the invention, for example, a device 300 (see Figure 2 below), shown, via which a targeted or se lective heating of the component material P can be done. The platform 200 can be stored and / or moved via a suspension 201 (also shown in FIG. 2 below).

A construction direction (not explicitly marked) for the component 10 corresponds in FIG. 1 to a direction pointing vertically upwards.

Figure 2 shows details of a device 300 and a Teilan view of the system 100, which contains the device 300 and in which the device 300 is installed, for example, as a retrofit kit. In FIG. 2, the device 300 is arranged above the mounting surface AF. The device 300 is preferably provided for selective heating or preheating of the component material P for the additive, in particular powder bed-based, production of a component 10.

As already indicated with reference to FIG. 1, the device 300 comprises a platform 200 with a, in particular in ductile, heating head L, and a suspension 201, which supports the platform 200 and which is formed

Platform 200 along three vertical spatial directions X, Y, Z to move within a body space AR. Thus, in addition to a lateral movement in the X- or Y-direction, the device 300 according to the invention also enables a vertical movement of the platform 200 along the Z-axis.

The platform 200 may be configured, for example, annular, so that, for example, during the additive manufacture ment of the component 10, the energy beam 21 can be passed through them.

The heating head L includes, for example, an induction coil, such as a high frequency coil, which in particular via a high frequency generator, operated and / or regulated who can, and is designed, the component material P locally to a temperature of about 800 ° C, preferably 1000 ° C, particularly preferably to heat 1200 ° C or more, example, before the actual additive structure (before) to warm.

In one embodiment, the component material is locally heated to ei ne temperature in a range between 800 ° C and 1200 ° C, in particular 1000 ° C or more.

The frequency at which the described coil or the ent speaking generator can be operated, for example, can be up to 2000 kHz in high-frequency generators, and for example ren up to 200 kHz at Mittelfrequenzgenerato- reindeer. Alternatively, the heating head L may comprise other means for heating, for example radiant heating or other means known in the art for locally selectively heating a metallic powder.

The suspension 201 preferably comprises three or four Aktua gates 201. An embodiment with four arranged in the corners of the construction space on AR actuators 201 is shown explicitly in game in Figure 2. The actuators 201 may, preferably individually driven, and be mounted or fixed evenly in the space on AR, and / or accordingly be activated or activated.

The actuators 201 may preferably further be made flexible, i. that the platform 200 via a ent speaking activation of the actuators 201, for example, accordingly any lying in the body space AR (kartesi shear) coordinates C, U, Z can be arranged or moved. This can be done for example via a transmission, a cable, telescopic arm or pneumatic and / or hydraulic means. For example, it is possible to coordinate the actuators via compressed air or electrically controlled telescopic arms and / or coordinated and controlled to acti vieren.

The device 300 further comprises a protective gas guide or protective gas inlet 220. The protective gas guide 220 is, preferably designed, a protective gas, for example an inert gas such as argon or helium or other inert gases during the additive production of the component 10 laminar over and / or perpendicular to the component material P to lead (see, arrows in the Melt bath SB in Figure 2).

A vertical guidance of the protective gas on the component Mate rial P can be made possible for example via a shower head or shower head similar gas flow. The protective gas guide 220 may in particular comprise or constitute a miniaturized and / or endoscopic protective gas nozzle and thereby provides, in particular locally, for a reduction in the oxygen content in the selectively preheated or heated zone during the additive production of the component 10.

This named protective gas nozzle (not explicitly identified) can be provided, in particular, in addition to a global or laminar protective gas guide, which reduces the oxygen content or partial pressure in additive manufacturing processes or in installation spaces of conventional installations.

The device 300 or the system 100 can furthermore have a corresponding protective gas outlet (not explicitly indicated).

In the present invention or in the presented device 300 is advantageously a preheating with means of a high-frequency coil, which is supported by the platform 200, suspended in particular four actuators. Thus, the coil, similar to a spider or a spin nenkörpers, over the construction field or the construction area AF are suspended and be moved by a corresponding activation of the actuators Ak in 201 each XYZ position within the space AR.

For example, the four actuators 201 are respectively mounted in the corners of the mounting space AR and all engage in the platform 200.

The protective gas guide 220 and, for example, also a power supply 210 and a control of the heating head or the coils L and leads or supplies the

Protective gas guide 220 or the power supply 210 may also be attached to the, in particular annular, platform 200. The above leads are preferably also made flexible so that no movement of Restraint of the platform 200 and the heating head L ent stands.

FIG. 3 shows, with reference to a schematic flow diagram, method steps of a method according to the invention, in particular a method for operating said device 300 or an additive manufacturing method.

The method comprises, a), the orders of a layer S of the component material P on the mounting surface AF by means of the Be coating device 30th

The method further comprises, b), lowering or Anord NEN of the platform 200 in the direction of an area to be irradiated Be B of the mounting surface AF.

In the said movement of the platform 200, this is preferably at least partially along the vertical axis (Z axis) moves down to the platform or preferably so, the heating head L in the direction of the area B to be due.

The region B preferably describes the region which is provided in layers for the additive construction of the component 10 for irradiation. Accordingly, the region B may include or include a molten bath SB late (as viewed in plan view of the mounting surface AF). The area B be preferably writes a dynamic or - during the construction of the component 10 - movable range or ent speaking Irradationstraj ektorie.

The method further comprises, c) heating or preheating the area B to be irradiated, preferably a larger area containing the area B, by means of the heating head L of the device 300. The method further comprises, d) irradiating the region B with an energy beam 21 in accordance with a predetermined geometry of the component 10.

According to one embodiment, the method further comprises, preferably after the irradiation of the area B (see steps d) and e), a lifting or lifting of the platform 200 from an area of action of the irradiation device 30.

The area of action preferably describes an area just above the mounting surface AF within which the loading radiation device, in particular a doctor blade or a blade is moved laterally, so preferably a region which occupies only a small vertical area (height in the Z direction) in the body space ,

The said method steps can, of course, be repeated by way of the layer-wise additive production of the component 10 in accordance with the number of layers still to be built up and required to be built up.

In one embodiment of the method, the described steps of heating (c)) and of irradiating (d)) are carried out at least partially simultaneously. This is indicated by the dashed circle in FIG.

The irradiation of the area B can continue to be carried out synchronously with the heating, wherein the energy beam 21, for example during the additive construction of the component 10 by an eye (not explicitly marked) of Indukti onsspule or the heating head and / or the device 300 is performed , This can advantageously enable a synchronous movement with a working laser (cf reference numeral 21 in Figure 1 g) for the construction of the component 10.

In other words, an energy beam 21 during the manufacture of the device 10 during operation always by the "eye" of the induction coil L to the predetermined position in the area B on the mounting surface AF. This area B is preferably the area which is heated by the heating head L anyway.

The invention is not limited by the description based on the embodiments of these, but includes each new feature and any combination of features. This includes in particular any combination of features in the claims, even if this feature or this combi nation itself is not explicitly stated in the claims or exemplary embodiments.

Claims

claims

1. Device (300) for the selective heating of a component material (P) for the additive, in particular powder-bed-based, production of a component (10), comprising:

- A platform (200) with a, in particular inductive, heating head (L), and

- A suspension (201) which carries the platform (200) and which is adapted to move the platform (200) along three vertical spatial directions (X, Y, Z) within a construction space (AR) of an additive manufacturing plant (100) ,

2. Device (300) according to claim 1, wherein the heating head (L) comprises an induction coil, which in particular via a high frequency generator, operated and regulated who can, and is designed, the component material (P) locally to a temperature between 800 ° C and 1200 ° C, in particular 1000 ° C or more, to heat.

3. Device (300) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the suspension comprises four actuators (201), which controls individually and evenly, for example, in square Anord tion, in the body space (AR) can be attached.

4. Device (300) according to claim 3, wherein the actuators (201) can each be controlled by a gear, a cable, a Teles koparm, pneumatically and / or hydraulically.

5. Device (300) according to one of the preceding Ansprü surface, comprising a temperature measuring device, such as an infrared camera or a pyrometer, which is arranged and designed to measure the temperature of the component material (P) on a mounting surface (AF) and / or to regulate ,

6. Device (300) according to one of the preceding Ansprü surface, comprising a protective gas guide (220), which to the Platform (200) is coupled and designed to guide a protective gas, for example an inert gas, during the additive manufacture ment of the component (10) laminar over and / or perpendicular to the component material (P).

7. An additive manufacturing plant (100) comprising the Vorrich device (300) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a coating device (30) and a Be radiation device (20) and wherein the device (300) above a mounting surface (AF) is.

8. A method for additive production of a component (10) comprising the following steps:

a) applying a layer (S) of a component material (P) on a mounting surface (AF) with a coating device (30),

b) lowering a platform (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the direction of an area to be irradiated (B) of the mounting surface (AF),

c) heating the area to be irradiated (B) by means of a heating head (L) of the device (300), and

- d) irradiating the area (B) with an energy beam (21) according to a predetermined geometry of the component (10).

9. The method according to claim 8, comprising - after Bestrah len of the area (B) -, e) lifting the platform (200) from egg nem area of action of the irradiation device (30) and at closing repeating the steps a) to d).

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the steps c) and d) are performed at least partially simultaneously.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the irradiation of the area (B) is carried out synchronously with the heating, wherein the energy beam (21) during the addi tive structure of the component (10), for example, by an eye of an induction coil of Device (300) is guided.

12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the component material (P) is locally heated to a temperature between 800 ° C and 1200 ° C, in particular 1000 ° C or more.

13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the

Component material (P) a g and / or g ', hardened nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy and the component (10) is applied in the hot gas path of a gas turbine component and the component material (P) before the actual additive structure, for example by selective laser melting is only preheated.