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EP3673550A1 - Refrigeration and/or freezing appliance - Google Patents

Refrigeration and/or freezing appliance

Info

Publication number
EP3673550A1
EP3673550A1 EP18795432.6A EP18795432A EP3673550A1 EP 3673550 A1 EP3673550 A1 EP 3673550A1 EP 18795432 A EP18795432 A EP 18795432A EP 3673550 A1 EP3673550 A1 EP 3673550A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
heat source
temperature
electrical
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18795432.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lars CIESLAK
Pascal Otto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Liebherr Hausgeraete Ochsenhausen GmbH
Original Assignee
Liebherr Hausgeraete Ochsenhausen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liebherr Hausgeraete Ochsenhausen GmbH filed Critical Liebherr Hausgeraete Ochsenhausen GmbH
Publication of EP3673550A1 publication Critical patent/EP3673550A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/085—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current making use of a thermal sensor, e.g. thermistor, heated by the excess current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/003—General constructional features for cooling refrigerating machinery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/006—Safety devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H02H5/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature using temperature dependent resistors
    • H02H5/043—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature using temperature dependent resistors the temperature dependent resistor being disposed parallel to a heating wire, e.g. in a heating blanket
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
    • H03K17/0824—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in thyristor switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/0213—Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
    • H05K1/0263—High current adaptations, e.g. printed high current conductors or using auxiliary non-printed means; Fine and coarse circuit patterns on one circuit board
    • H05K1/0265—High current adaptations, e.g. printed high current conductors or using auxiliary non-printed means; Fine and coarse circuit patterns on one circuit board characterized by the lay-out of or details of the printed conductors, e.g. reinforced conductors, redundant conductors, conductors having different cross-sections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/15—Power, e.g. by voltage or current
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K2017/0806—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage against excessive temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/0201—Thermal arrangements, e.g. for cooling, heating or preventing overheating
    • H05K1/0212—Printed circuits or mounted components having integral heating means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refrigerator and / or freezer with an electrical or electronic component, as well as with detection means by which an electrical or thermal stress of the component can be detected.
  • FIG. 1 shows a triac in which the housing surface with the lowest heat transfer resistance to the semiconductor is directly electrically connected to the terminal A2. Since this terminal and thus its electrical potential is dependent on the switching state of the triac, a temperature measurement by a direct electrical connection between the sensor and the terminal A2 only with considerable circuit complexity is possible. For this reason, the sensor is placed only in close proximity to the triac or electrically and thermally connected to the terminal A1.
  • the terminal A1 is connected to the semiconductor exclusively by bonding wires.
  • a device for securing an electrical line in a vehicle in which thermal properties of a conductor track are adapted to thermal properties of the electrical line to be secured.
  • the device includes a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature value of a trace electrically coupled to the electrical line, and a limiting unit configured to limit current flow through the electrical line when the sensed temperature value is electrical conductor exceeds a predetermined value.
  • US 201 1/0080681 A1 discloses a device for securing an electrical line in a vehicle, the device comprising a limiting unit which is designed to reduce a current flow through the electrical line when the detected temperature value exceeds a predetermined value.
  • US 2008/01 12131 A1 discloses a temperature sensor which is designed to detect the temperature value of a conductor track, which is electrically coupled to an electrical line.
  • a disadvantage of the prior art is that the temperature of the component housing is detectable only very inaccurate, so that the component can not be operated close to their performance limit, without taking the risk to overload them.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a particularly accurate way to detect a load situation of an electrical or electronic component.
  • the detection means comprise a heat source and means for detecting the heat release or the temperature of the heat source, wherein the heat source is not formed by the component itself and is connected in series or parallel to the component.
  • the thermal or the electrical load or overload on the electrical component is detected or prevented by the use of an additional heat source.
  • the heat source may be connected both in series and in parallel to the component, wherein the heat emitted by the heat source in the first case, inter alia, on the voltage difference across the component depends in the second case, inter alia, on the current flowing through the component current.
  • the heat source may be upstream of the component to be monitored or connected downstream.
  • the heat source is formed by a taper of a conductor track or a conductor. In this case it is possible to deduce the temperature of the component housing or a component. When the taper of the trace is located directly or near the component housing or component, it is possible to determine the temperature of the component in a particularly accurate manner.
  • the heat source may alternatively be formed by an additional electrical or electronic component.
  • the heat source can be designed as an electrical resistor connected upstream of the component or connected in parallel or in parallel. In any case, the heat dissipation is due to the Joule effect.
  • the heat source is not in direct connection with the component, but is spaced therefrom.
  • the invention also includes the case that the means for detecting the heat emission or temperature comprise a temperature sensor.
  • the means for detecting the heat emission or temperature comprise a temperature sensor.
  • the means for detecting the heat emission or the temperature may comprise an electrical or electronic component, in particular a temperature-dependent electrical resistance.
  • the means for recognizing tion of heat emission or temperature other electrical or electronic components, such as capacitive or inductive components include, whose electrical properties depend on the ambient thermal conditions.
  • the means for detecting the heat release or the temperature may be in direct electrical connection with the heat source, so that the measured heat release allows a more accurate inference to the temperature of the component.
  • the means for detecting the heat emission or the temperature are arranged such that the ambient temperature of the device is recognizable by this, so that it can be automatically taken into account in the detection of the load.
  • the protection circuit which is connected to the detection means so that the load on the component is detected, the protection circuit being designed such that it determines the load condition of the component as a function of the detected load or load condition Component reduced. This makes it possible to protect the component from electrical or thermal stress, thereby extending the life of the component and reducing the cost of its maintenance.
  • the component to be monitored is located on a printed circuit board or printed conductor.
  • Figure 1 the electrical structure of a triac known from the prior art
  • FIG. 2 shows an electronic component with a heat source, which is formed by a further electrical or electronic component
  • Figure 3 an electronic component with a heat source, which is formed by a taper of the conductor;
  • the additional heat source is formed by a taper of the conductor.
  • FIG. 1 shows the electrical construction of a triac known from the prior art.
  • the temperature in the vicinity of the component or by an electrical and thermal connection is detected at the terminal A1, even if the housing surface with the lowest heat is transmitted to the semiconductor directly electrically connected to the terminal A2, so that the temperature detection at the terminal A2 would provide more accurate results.
  • the temperature detection at the terminal A2 is possible only with considerable circuit complexity, because this connection and thus its electrical potential are dependent on the switching state of the component.
  • Figure 2 shows an arrangement for a refrigerator or freezer according to the present invention, wherein the heat source is formed by a further electrical or electronic component.
  • the means for detecting the heat emission or the temperature are formed by a temperature-dependent resistor 4.
  • the electronic component 1 has the connections A1, A2 and G, which allow an electrical connection of the component 1.
  • an electrical or electronic component 2 is arranged, which, due to the Joule effect, converts the current flowing through it into heat.
  • the component 2 thus serves as a heat source in this case.
  • the heat generated by the component 2 is transmitted by radiation and / or heat conduction, which is indicated by the arrows 3, to a temperature-dependent resistor 4, so that it serves as a means for detecting the heat output or the temperature of the heat source.
  • the heat source 2 and the resistor 4 form the detection means.
  • This resistor 4 is electrically connected on the one hand to the network branch 7 and on the other hand to a control and control unit 5. Consequently, the current flowing through the resistor 4 depends on the heat emitted by the component 2.
  • the control and control unit 5 comprises a protective circuit, which is connected to the detection means, ie with the means 4 for detecting the heat emission and the heat source 2 in combination.
  • the protection circuit of the control and regulation unit 5 is designed such that it reduces the load state of the component 1 as a function of the detected load of the component, if necessary, for example by limiting or completely switching off the current flowing to the component 1.
  • Figure 3 shows an inventive arrangement, wherein the heat source is formed by a taper of the conductor track.
  • Component 1 shows the connections A1, A2 and G, which allow an electrical connection of the component 1.
  • the terminal A1 is electrically connected to a conductor track L.
  • the conductor L has a taper 2 'immediately before the connection A1, which has a higher resistance due to the reduced cross section.
  • the protective circuit 5 ' can detect the heating of the additional heat source 2 ' by the temperature-dependent resistor 4 ' and react to a load situation or overload situation.
  • FIG. 4 shows the thermogram of the temperature differences between the housing and the connection A1 in the case of load or overload in the case of a component known from the prior art.
  • the difference between the temperatures measured at port A1 and at the housing of the component is considerable (about 28 ° C.), so that a precise determination of the load condition of the component is not possible.
  • Figure 5 shows the thermogram of the temperature differences between the housing and the additional heat source in case of load or overload according to the invention, wherein the additional heat source is formed by a taper 2 'of the conductor and the means for detecting the heat emission by a temperature-dependent resistor 4' are formed ,
  • the difference between the additional heat source, thermally associated with the temperature-dependent resistance and measured at the housing of the component temperatures is only about 1.45 ° C, so that a determination of the load condition can be made easier and more precise. This also makes it possible to operate the component closer to its power limit, so that an improved utilization of the electrical or electronic component is possible.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)

Abstract

An arrangement for a refrigeration and/or freezing appliance, having an electrical or electronic component (1, 2a) and having ascertainment means (2, 4) by which an electrical or thermal load of the component can be ascertained, wherein the ascertainment means comprise a heat source (2) and means for detecting (4) the release of heat by the heat source, wherein the heat source is not formed by the component itself and is connected in series or in parallel with respect to the component.

Description

Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät  Fridge and / or freezer
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät mit einer elektrischen oder elektronischen Komponente, sowie mit Erfassungsmitteln, durch die eine elektrische oder thermische Belastung der Komponente erfassbar ist. The present invention relates to a refrigerator and / or freezer with an electrical or electronic component, as well as with detection means by which an electrical or thermal stress of the component can be detected.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, einen Temperatursensor nahe an der Gehäusefläche mit dem geringsten Wärmeübergangswiderstand zur Wärmequelle einer Komponente anzuordnen. Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Triac, bei dem die Gehäusefläche mit dem geringsten Wärmeübertragungswiderstand zum Halbleiter mit dem Anschluss A2 direkt elektrisch verbunden ist. Da dieser Anschluss und damit sein elektrisches Potential von dem Schaltzustand des Triacs abhängig ist, ist eine Temperaturmessung durch eine direkte elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem Sensor und dem Anschluss A2 nur mit erheblichem Schaltungsaufwand möglich. Aus diesem Grund wird der Sensor lediglich in örtlicher Nähe zum Triac angeordnet oder elektrisch und thermisch mit dem Anschluss A1 verbunden. Der Anschluss A1 ist ausschließlich durch Bondingdrähte mit dem Halbleiter verbunden. Durch die ungünstige thermi- sehe Anbindung kann der Temperaturunterschied zwischen dem Sensor und der Komponente so groß sein, dass eine Überlasterkennung nicht in jedem Anwendungsfall gewährleistet werden kann. Weiterhin eignet sich eine direkte Strommessung über einen Widerstand am Anschluss A1 für eine Überlasterkennung. Diese Strommessung führt jedoch zu einem höheren Schaltungsaufwand und erhöhten Kosten und erlaubt nicht die Berücksichtigung der Umgebungstemperatur sowie der thermischen Masse der Komponente. From the prior art it is known to arrange a temperature sensor close to the housing surface with the lowest heat transfer resistance to the heat source of a component. FIG. 1 shows a triac in which the housing surface with the lowest heat transfer resistance to the semiconductor is directly electrically connected to the terminal A2. Since this terminal and thus its electrical potential is dependent on the switching state of the triac, a temperature measurement by a direct electrical connection between the sensor and the terminal A2 only with considerable circuit complexity is possible. For this reason, the sensor is placed only in close proximity to the triac or electrically and thermally connected to the terminal A1. The terminal A1 is connected to the semiconductor exclusively by bonding wires. Due to the unfavorable thermal see connection, the temperature difference between the sensor and the component can be so large that an overload detection can not be guaranteed in every application. Furthermore, a direct current measurement via a resistor at port A1 is suitable for overload detection. However, this current measurement leads to a higher circuit complexity and increased costs and does not allow the consideration of the ambient temperature and the thermal mass of the component.
Des Weiteren sind aus dem Stand der Technik Komponenten mit integriertem Temperaturschutz bekannt, wobei diese Komponenten nur in einer begrenzten Vielfalt zur Verfügung stehen und kostenintensiv sind. Abgesehen davon weisen sie nicht die Möglichkeit auf, den Abschaltwert anzupassen. Furthermore, known from the prior art components with integrated temperature protection, these components are available only in a limited variety and are costly. Besides, they do not have the ability to adjust the shutdown value.
Aus der DE 10 2012 208 1 15 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Absichern einer elektrischen Leitung in einem Fahrzeug bekannt, bei der thermische Eigenschaften einer Leiterbahn an thermische Eigenschaften der zu sichernden elektrischen Leitung angepasst werden. Die Vorrichtung umfasst einen Temperatursensor, der dazu ausgelegt ist, einen Temperaturwert einer Leiterbahn zu erfassen, die mit der elektrischen Leitung elektrisch gekoppelt ist, sowie eine Begrenzungseinheit, die dazu ausgelegt ist, einen Stromfluss durch die elektrische Leitung zu begrenzen, wenn der erfasste Temperaturwert der elektrischen Leiterbahn einen vorbestimmten Wert überschreitet. From DE 10 2012 208 1 15 A1 a device for securing an electrical line in a vehicle is known in which thermal properties of a conductor track are adapted to thermal properties of the electrical line to be secured. The device includes a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature value of a trace electrically coupled to the electrical line, and a limiting unit configured to limit current flow through the electrical line when the sensed temperature value is electrical conductor exceeds a predetermined value.
Die US 201 1/0080681 A1 offenbart eine Vorrichtung zur Absicherung einer elektrischen Leitung in einem Fahrzeug, wobei die Vorrichtung eine Begrenzungseinheit umfasst, die dazu ausgelegt ist, einen Stromfluss durch die elektrische Leitung zu reduzieren, wenn der erfasste Temperaturwert einen vorbestimmten Wert überschreitet. Die US 2008/01 12131 A1 offenbart einen Temperatursensor, welcher dazu ausgelegt ist, den Temperaturwert einer Leiterbahn zu erfassen, welche mir einer elektrischen Leitung elektrisch gekoppelt ist. Nachteilig an dem Stand der Technik ist es, dass die Temperatur des Komponentengehäuses nur sehr ungenau erfassbar ist, so dass die Komponente nicht nahe an ihrer Leistungsgrenze betrieben werden kann, ohne das Risiko einzugehen, diese zu überlasten. US 201 1/0080681 A1 discloses a device for securing an electrical line in a vehicle, the device comprising a limiting unit which is designed to reduce a current flow through the electrical line when the detected temperature value exceeds a predetermined value. US 2008/01 12131 A1 discloses a temperature sensor which is designed to detect the temperature value of a conductor track, which is electrically coupled to an electrical line. A disadvantage of the prior art is that the temperature of the component housing is detectable only very inaccurate, so that the component can not be operated close to their performance limit, without taking the risk to overload them.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine besonders präzise Möglichkeit zur Erkennung einer Belastungssituation einer elektrischen o- der elektronischen Komponente bereitzustellen. The present invention has for its object to provide a particularly accurate way to detect a load situation of an electrical or electronic component.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. This object is achieved by a refrigerator and / or freezer with the features of claim 1.
Danach ist vorgesehen, dass die Erfassungsmittel eine Wärmequelle sowie Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe oder der Temperatur der Wärmequelle umfassen, wobei die Wärmequelle nicht durch die Komponente selbst gebildet wird und in Reihe oder parallel zu der Komponente geschaltet ist. Thereafter, it is provided that the detection means comprise a heat source and means for detecting the heat release or the temperature of the heat source, wherein the heat source is not formed by the component itself and is connected in series or parallel to the component.
Somit wird die thermische oder die elektrische Belastung bzw. Überlastung an der elektrischen Komponente durch den Einsatz einer zusätzlichen Wärmequelle erkannt bzw. verhindert. Thus, the thermal or the electrical load or overload on the electrical component is detected or prevented by the use of an additional heat source.
Diese bildet die Temperatur bzw. deren Erhöhung der Komponenten im Be- lastungs- bzw. im Überlastfall nach und ist vorzugsweise derart ausgebildet, dass sie bei kleineren Strömen im Normalbetrieb lediglich eine geringe Wärmebildung aufweist und bei hohen Belastungen aus der Temperaturerhöhung, der Temperatur bzw. der Wärmeabgabe der zusätzlichen Wärmequelle auf die Lastsituation der Komponente geschlossen werden kann. This forms the temperature or its increase of the components in the load or in the overload case and is preferably designed such that it has only a small heat generation at low currents in normal operation and at high loads from the temperature increase, the temperature or the heat output of the additional heat source on the load situation of the component can be closed.
Die Wärmequelle kann sowohl in Reihe als auch parallel zu der Komponente geschaltet sein, wobei die von der Wärmequelle abgegebene Wärme im ersten Fall unter anderem von dem Spannungsunterschied über die Komponente abhängig ist und im zweiten Fall unter anderem von dem durch die Komponente fließenden Strom abhängig ist. The heat source may be connected both in series and in parallel to the component, wherein the heat emitted by the heat source in the first case, inter alia, on the voltage difference across the component depends in the second case, inter alia, on the current flowing through the component current.
Die Wärmequelle kann der zu überwachenden Komponente vorgeschaltet o- der nachgeschaltet sein. The heat source may be upstream of the component to be monitored or connected downstream.
In einer Ausführungsform ist es vorgesehen, dass die Wärmequelle durch eine Verjüngung einer Leiterbahn oder eines Leiters gebildet ist. In diesem Fall ist es möglich, auf die Temperatur des Komponentengehäuses bzw. einer Komponente zurückzuschließen. Wenn die Verjüngung der Leiterbahn direkt oder in der Nähe des Komponentengehäuses bzw. der Komponente angeordnet ist, ist es möglich, die Temperatur der Komponente in einer besonders genauen Weise zu bestimmen. In one embodiment, it is provided that the heat source is formed by a taper of a conductor track or a conductor. In this case it is possible to deduce the temperature of the component housing or a component. When the taper of the trace is located directly or near the component housing or component, it is possible to determine the temperature of the component in a particularly accurate manner.
Die Wärmequelle kann alternativ durch eine zusätzliche elektrische oder elektronische Komponente gebildet sein. Beispielweise kann die Wärmequelle als einen der Komponente vorgeschalteten oder nachgeschalteten oder parallel geschalteten elektrischen Widerstand ausgeführt werden. In jedem Fall erfolgt die Wärmeabgabe aufgrund des Joule-Effekts. The heat source may alternatively be formed by an additional electrical or electronic component. For example, the heat source can be designed as an electrical resistor connected upstream of the component or connected in parallel or in parallel. In any case, the heat dissipation is due to the Joule effect.
Ferner kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die Wärmequelle nicht in direkter Verbindung mit der Komponente steht, sondern von dieser beabstandet ist. Furthermore, it can be provided that the heat source is not in direct connection with the component, but is spaced therefrom.
Von der Erfindung ist auch der Fall umfasst, dass die Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe oder Temperatur einen Temperatursensor umfassen. Somit kann die Temperatur der Wärmequelle erfasst werden und dann auf die Temperatur der Komponente zurückgeschlossen werden. The invention also includes the case that the means for detecting the heat emission or temperature comprise a temperature sensor. Thus, the temperature of the heat source can be detected and then closed back to the temperature of the component.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich können die Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe oder der Temperatur eine elektrische oder elektronische Komponente umfassen, insbesondere einen temperaturabhängigen elektrischen Widerstand. Es ist aber auch von der Erfindung der Fall umfasst, dass die Mittel zur Erken- nung der Wärmeabgabe oder Temperatur andere elektrische oder elektronische Komponenten, wie beispielweise kapazitive oder induktive Bauteile, umfassen, deren elektrische Eigenschaften von den umgebenden thermischen Bedingungen abhängen. Alternatively or additionally, the means for detecting the heat emission or the temperature may comprise an electrical or electronic component, in particular a temperature-dependent electrical resistance. However, it is also the case of the invention that the means for recognizing tion of heat emission or temperature other electrical or electronic components, such as capacitive or inductive components include, whose electrical properties depend on the ambient thermal conditions.
Die Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe oder der Temperatur können in direkter elektrischer Verbindung mit der Wärmequelle stehen, so dass die gemessene Wärmeabgabe einen genaueren Rückschluss auf die Temperatur der Komponente zulässt. The means for detecting the heat release or the temperature may be in direct electrical connection with the heat source, so that the measured heat release allows a more accurate inference to the temperature of the component.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe bzw. der Temperatur derart angeordnet, dass durch diese die Umgebungstemperatur des Gerätes erkennbar ist, sodass diese bei der Erkennung der Belastung automatisch berücksichtigt werden kann. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the means for detecting the heat emission or the temperature are arranged such that the ambient temperature of the device is recognizable by this, so that it can be automatically taken into account in the detection of the load.
Erfindungsgemäß kann ferner eine Schutzschaltung vorgesehen sein, die mit den Erfassungsmitteln in Verbindung steht, so dass die Belastung der Komponente erfasst wird, wobei die Schutzschaltung derart ausgeführt ist, dass diese den Lastzustand der Komponente in Abhängigkeit von der erfassten Belastung bzw. dem festgestellten Lastzustand der Komponente verringert. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Komponente von einer elektrischen oder thermischen Belastung zu schützen und dadurch die Lebensdauer der Komponente zu verlängern und die Kosten für deren Instandhaltung zu senken. According to the invention, it is further possible to provide a protection circuit which is connected to the detection means so that the load on the component is detected, the protection circuit being designed such that it determines the load condition of the component as a function of the detected load or load condition Component reduced. This makes it possible to protect the component from electrical or thermal stress, thereby extending the life of the component and reducing the cost of its maintenance.
Vorzugsweise befindet sich die zu überwachende Komponente auf einer Leiterplatte oder Leiterbahn. Preferably, the component to be monitored is located on a printed circuit board or printed conductor.
An dieser Stelle wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Begriffe„ein" und„eine" nicht zwingend genau eines der fraglichen Elemente bezeichnen, wenngleich dies eine mögliche Ausführungsform darstellt, sondern auch für eine Mehrzahl der Elemente stehen können. Entsprechendes gilt für die Verwendung des Plurals, der auch nur eines der Elemente umfassen kann und umgekehrt für die Verwendung des Singulars, der auch mehrere Elemente bezeichnen kann. It should be noted at this point that the terms "a" and "an" do not necessarily refer to exactly one of the elements in question, although this represents a possible embodiment, but may also stand for a plurality of the elements. The same applies to the use of the Plurals, which can include only one of the elements and vice versa for the use of the singular, which can also designate several elements.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung werden in den Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Further details and advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail in the drawings illustrated embodiments.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Figur 1 : den elektrischen Aufbau eines aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Triac; Figure 1: the electrical structure of a triac known from the prior art;
Figur 2: eine elektronische Komponente mit einer Wärmequelle, die durch eine weitere elektrische oder elektronische Komponente gebildet ist, 2 shows an electronic component with a heat source, which is formed by a further electrical or electronic component,
Figur 3: eine elektronische Komponente mit einer Wärmequelle, die durch eine Verjüngung der Leiterbahn gebildet ist; Figure 3: an electronic component with a heat source, which is formed by a taper of the conductor;
Figur 4: das Thermogramm des Temperaturunterschieds zwischen dem Figure 4: the thermogram of the temperature difference between the
Gehäuse und einem Anschluss A1 im Belastungsfall oder Überlastfall bei einer aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Komponente;  Housing and a port A1 in case of load or overload in a known from the prior art component;
Figur 5: das Thermogramm des Temperaturunterschieds zwischen dem Figure 5: the thermogram of the temperature difference between the
Gehäuse und der zusätzlichen Wärmequelle im Belastungsfall oder Überlastfall, wobei die zusätzliche Wärmequelle durch eine Verjüngung der Leiterbahn gebildet ist.  Housing and the additional heat source in case of load or overload, the additional heat source is formed by a taper of the conductor.
Figur 1 zeigt den elektrischen Aufbau eines aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Triacs. Bei diesem Bauteil wird die Temperatur in der Nähe des Bauteils oder durch eine elektrische und thermische Verbindung an dem Anschluss A1 erfasst, auch wenn die Gehäusefläche mit dem geringsten Wär- meübertragungswiderstand zum Halbleiter direkt mit dem Anschluss A2 elektrisch verbunden ist, so dass die Temperaturerfassung an dem Anschluss A2 präzisere Ergebnisse liefern würde. Die Temperaturerfassung an dem Anschluss A2 ist jedoch nur mit erheblichem Schaltungsaufwand möglich, denn dieser Anschluss und damit sein elektrisches Potential sind von dem Schaltzustand des Bauteils abhängig. FIG. 1 shows the electrical construction of a triac known from the prior art. In this component, the temperature in the vicinity of the component or by an electrical and thermal connection is detected at the terminal A1, even if the housing surface with the lowest heat is transmitted to the semiconductor directly electrically connected to the terminal A2, so that the temperature detection at the terminal A2 would provide more accurate results. However, the temperature detection at the terminal A2 is possible only with considerable circuit complexity, because this connection and thus its electrical potential are dependent on the switching state of the component.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Anordnung für ein Kühl- bzw. Gefriergerät gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, wobei die Wärmequelle durch eine weitere elektrische oder elektronische Komponente gebildet wird. Figure 2 shows an arrangement for a refrigerator or freezer according to the present invention, wherein the heat source is formed by a further electrical or electronic component.
Die Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe bzw. der Temperatur sind durch einen temperaturabhängigen Widerstand 4 gebildet. The means for detecting the heat emission or the temperature are formed by a temperature-dependent resistor 4.
Die elektronische Komponente 1 weist die Anschlüsse A1 , A2 und G auf, welche eine elektrische Verbindung der Komponente 1 erlauben. In Reihe vor dem Anschluss A1 ist eine elektrische oder elektronische Komponente 2 angeordnet, welche aufgrund des Joule-Effekts den durch diese fließenden Strom in Wärme umwandelt. Die Komponente 2 dient also in diesem Fall als eine Wärmequelle. The electronic component 1 has the connections A1, A2 and G, which allow an electrical connection of the component 1. In series in front of the terminal A1, an electrical or electronic component 2 is arranged, which, due to the Joule effect, converts the current flowing through it into heat. The component 2 thus serves as a heat source in this case.
Die von der Komponente 2 erzeugte Wärme wird durch Strahlung und/oder Wärmeleitung, die durch die Pfeile 3 gekennzeichnet, zu einem temperaturabhängigen Widerstand 4 übertragen, so dass dieser als Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe bzw. der Temperatur der Wärmequelle dient. Die Wärmequelle 2 und der Widerstand 4 bilden die Erfassungsmittel. The heat generated by the component 2 is transmitted by radiation and / or heat conduction, which is indicated by the arrows 3, to a temperature-dependent resistor 4, so that it serves as a means for detecting the heat output or the temperature of the heat source. The heat source 2 and the resistor 4 form the detection means.
Dieser Widerstand 4 ist elektrisch einerseits mit dem Netzwerkzweig 7 und anderseits mit einer Regelungs- und Steuereinheit 5 verbunden. Folglich hängt der Strom, der durch den Widerstand 4 fließt, von der durch die Komponente 2 abgegebenen Wärme ab. Die Regelungs- und Steuereinheit 5 umfasst eine Schutzschaltung, welche mit den Erfassungsmitteln, d.h. mit den Mitteln 4 zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe und der Wärmequelle 2 in Verbindung steht. This resistor 4 is electrically connected on the one hand to the network branch 7 and on the other hand to a control and control unit 5. Consequently, the current flowing through the resistor 4 depends on the heat emitted by the component 2. The control and control unit 5 comprises a protective circuit, which is connected to the detection means, ie with the means 4 for detecting the heat emission and the heat source 2 in combination.
Somit kann eine eventuelle Überlastung der Komponente 1 verhindert werden. Die Schutzschaltung der Regelungs- und Steuereinheit 5 ist derart ausgeführt, dass diese den Lastzustand der Komponente 1 in Abhängigkeit von der erfassten Belastung der Komponente verringert, wenn notwendig, beispielsweise durch eine Begrenzung oder vollständige Abschaltung des Stroms, der zu der Komponente 1 fließt. Thus, a possible overload of the component 1 can be prevented. The protection circuit of the control and regulation unit 5 is designed such that it reduces the load state of the component 1 as a function of the detected load of the component, if necessary, for example by limiting or completely switching off the current flowing to the component 1.
2a symbolisierung eine elektrische Last. Dies kann auch in größerer Entfernung zu dem Schaltelement 1 angeordnet sein. 2a symbolizes an electrical load. This can also be arranged at a greater distance to the switching element 1.
Figur 3 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Anordnung, wobei die Wärmequelle durch eine Verjüngung der Leiterbahn gebildet ist. Figure 3 shows an inventive arrangement, wherein the heat source is formed by a taper of the conductor track.
Die Komponente 1 zeigt die Anschlüsse A1 , A2 und G, welche eine elektrische Verbindung der Komponente 1 erlauben. Component 1 shows the connections A1, A2 and G, which allow an electrical connection of the component 1.
Insbesondere ist der Anschluss A1 mit einer Leiterbahn L elektrisch verbunden. Die Leiterbahn L weist unmittelbar vor dem Anschluss A1 eine Verjüngung 2' auf, welche aufgrund des reduzierten Querschnitts einen höheren Widerstand aufweist. In particular, the terminal A1 is electrically connected to a conductor track L. The conductor L has a taper 2 'immediately before the connection A1, which has a higher resistance due to the reduced cross section.
Dieser verursacht eine erhöhte Wärmeabgabe unmittelbar vor dem Anschluss A1 , wobei die Wärme wärmeleitend durch einen temperaturabhängigen Widerstand 3' erfasst wird. Die Verjüngung 2' dient in diesem Fall als die Wärmequelle und der temperaturabhängige Widerstand 4' dient als Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe bzw. der Temperatur der Wärmequelle. Sie bilden gemeinsam die Erfassungsmittel. This causes an increased heat release immediately before the terminal A1, wherein the heat is detected heat-conducting by a temperature-dependent resistor 3 ' . The taper 2 'serves in this case as the heat source and the temperature-dependent resistor 4' serves as means for detecting the heat output or the temperature of the heat source. Together they form the means of detection.
Die Schutzschaltung 5' kann durch den temperaturabhängigen Widerstand 4' die Erwärmung der zusätzlichen Wärmequelle 2' erfassen und auf eine Belastungssituation bzw. Überlastsituation reagieren. The protective circuit 5 ' can detect the heating of the additional heat source 2 ' by the temperature-dependent resistor 4 ' and react to a load situation or overload situation.
Figur 4 zeigt das Thermogramm der Temperaturunterschiede zwischen dem Gehäuse und dem Anschluss A1 im Belastungsfall oder Überlastfall bei einer aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Komponente. Wie dies aus der Figur 4 erkennbar ist, ist der Unterschied zwischen den am Anschluss A1 und der am Gehäuse des Bauteils gemessenen Temperaturen erheblich (ca. 28 °C), sodass eine präzise Ermittlung des Lastzustandes des Bauteils nicht möglich ist. FIG. 4 shows the thermogram of the temperature differences between the housing and the connection A1 in the case of load or overload in the case of a component known from the prior art. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the difference between the temperatures measured at port A1 and at the housing of the component is considerable (about 28 ° C.), so that a precise determination of the load condition of the component is not possible.
Figur 5 zeigt das Thermogramm der Temperaturunterschiede zwischen dem Gehäuse und der zusätzlichen Wärmequelle im Belastungsfall oder Überlastfall gemäß der Erfindung, wobei die zusätzliche Wärmequelle durch eine Verjüngung 2' der Leiterbahn gebildet ist und die Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe durch einen temperaturabhängigen Widerstand 4' gebildet sind. Figure 5 shows the thermogram of the temperature differences between the housing and the additional heat source in case of load or overload according to the invention, wherein the additional heat source is formed by a taper 2 'of the conductor and the means for detecting the heat emission by a temperature-dependent resistor 4' are formed ,
In diesem Fall ist der Unterschied zwischen der zusäzlichen Wärmequelle, thermisch verbunden mit dem temperaturabhängigen Widerstand und der am Gehäuse des Bauteils gemessenen Temperaturen nur ca. 1 ,45 °C, sodass eine Ermittlung des Lastzustandes einfacher und präziser erfolgen kann. Dadurch ist es auch möglich, das Bauteil näher an seiner Leistungsgrenze zu betreiben, so dass eine verbesserte Ausnutzung der elektrischen oder elektronischen Komponente möglich ist. In this case, the difference between the additional heat source, thermally associated with the temperature-dependent resistance and measured at the housing of the component temperatures is only about 1.45 ° C, so that a determination of the load condition can be made easier and more precise. This also makes it possible to operate the component closer to its power limit, so that an improved utilization of the electrical or electronic component is possible.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1 . Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät mit einer elektrischen oder elektronischen Komponente, sowie mit Erfassungsmitteln, durch die eine elektrische oder thermische Belastung der Komponente erfassbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erfassungsmittel eine Wärmequelle sowie Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe oder der Temperatur der Wärmequelle umfassen, wobei die Wärmequelle nicht durch die Komponente selbst gebildet wird und in Reihe oder parallel zu der Komponente geschaltet ist. 1 . Refrigerating and / or freezing appliance with an electrical or electronic component, and with detection means by which an electrical or thermal stress of the component can be detected, characterized in that the detection means comprise a heat source and means for detecting the heat output or the temperature of the heat source, wherein the heat source is not formed by the component itself and is connected in series or in parallel with the component.
2. Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmequelle der Komponente vorgeschaltet oder nachgeschaltet ist. 2. Cooling and / or freezing appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat source of the component is connected upstream or downstream.
3. Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmequelle durch eine Verjüngung einer Leiterbahn oder eines Leiters gebildet ist. 3. refrigerator and / or freezer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat source is formed by a taper of a conductor or a conductor.
4. Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmequelle durch eine zusätzliche elektrische oder elektronische Komponente gebildet ist. 4. Cooling and / or freezing appliance according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat source is formed by an additional electrical or electronic component.
5. Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmequelle nicht in direkter Verbindung mit der Komponente steht. 5. Cooling and / or freezing appliance according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat source is not in direct communication with the component.
6. Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmequelle örtlich getrennt von der Komponente angeordnet ist. 6. Cooling and / or freezing appliance according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat source is arranged locally separated from the component.
7. Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe oder der Temperatur einen Temperatursensor umfassen. 7. Cooling and / or freezing appliance according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for detecting the heat emission or the temperature comprise a temperature sensor.
8. Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe oder der Temperatur eine elektrische oder elektronische Komponente umfassen, insbesondere einen temperaturabhängigen elektrischen Widerstand. 8. Cooling and / or freezing appliance according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for detecting the heat emission or the temperature comprise an electrical or electronic component, in particular a temperature-dependent electrical resistance.
9. Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe oder der Temperatur in direkter elektrischer Verbindung mit der Wärmequelle stehen. 9. Refrigerating and / or freezing appliance according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for detecting the heat emission or the temperature are in direct electrical connection with the heat source.
10. Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Erkennung der Wärmeabgabe oder der Temperatur derart angeordnet sind, dass durch diese die Umgebungstemperatur des Gerätes erkennbar ist. Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ferner eine Schutzschaltung vorgesehen ist, die mit den Erfassungsmitteln in Verbindung steht, so dass die Belastung der Komponente erfasst wird, wobei die Schutzschaltung derart ausgeführt ist, dass diese den Lastzustand der Komponente in Abhängigkeit von der erfassten Belastung der Komponente verringert. 10. The refrigerator and / or freezer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for detecting the heat emission or the temperature are arranged such that the ambient temperature of the device is recognizable by this. A refrigerator and / or freezer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is further provided a protection circuit which is in communication with the detection means, so that the load of the component is detected, wherein the protection circuit is designed such that this the load state reduces the component as a function of the detected load of the component.
EP18795432.6A 2017-10-26 2018-10-23 Refrigeration and/or freezing appliance Withdrawn EP3673550A1 (en)

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DE102017130771.0A DE102017130771A1 (en) 2017-10-26 2017-12-20 Fridge and / or freezer
PCT/EP2018/079032 WO2019086299A1 (en) 2017-10-26 2018-10-23 Refrigeration and/or freezing appliance

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US20200266619A1 (en) 2020-08-20

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