EP3666108B1 - Shoe sole for a sports shoe and shoe, in particular sports shoe for running - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a shoe bottom for a sports shoe and a shoe, in particular a sports shoe for running.

In conventional sports shoes, especially those for running, crucial importance is attached to cushioning and stabilization, ie the support and guidance of the foot during the stance and push-off phase by the bottom of the shoe. The shoe bottoms usually have an intermediate or support sole with support and damping elements attached to it, which are intended to compensate for misalignments of the foot, in particular overpronation, which is often present, or supination of the foot, which is less common. Such running shoes are therefore often divided into so-called stable or A distinction is made between neutral shoes. In this established shoe bottom or sole concept, essential biomechanical aspects of running, in particular musculoskeletal effects of the ground reaction forces that occur during running, have not yet been sufficiently taken into account. When running, the ground reaction force refers to the reaction force of the ground to the force that the body transfers to the ground through the shod or unshod feet when stepping. The so-called force application point (KAP) marks the origin of the force in the running direction (x direction according to a right-handed three-dimensional coordinate system with x, y and z axes), in the vertical direction (z direction) and in the lateral or medial direction ( y direction) acting force components resulting vector of the ground reaction force.

When the foot lands (“impact”) on the ground, the force application point is located in the back of the foot or shoe. During further contact with the ground, the KAP moves from back to front to be located approximately in the middle of the forefoot when pushing off from the ground. Runners who initially strike with their heel, i.e. H. Over 80% of all runners initially place their foot laterally (= outside) at the back and thus have the KAP emphasized at the back on the lateral edge of the foot or shoe bottom. Runners with flat foot placement also show the KAP laterally at the back, but with less emphasis. In comparison, the proportion of so-called forefoot runners is negligible at less than 1%.

In the sagittal plane, the ground reaction force (i.e. its anterior-posterior force component (x-direction) and its vertical force component (z-direction) acts on the ankle joint initially (after foot strike) behind the joint axis of rotation. The KAP is therefore located behind (posterior) the ankle joint axis of rotation The upward direction of force creates an external torque, which initiates plantar flexion of the foot in the ankle joint.

As soon as the KAP under the ankle moves anteriorly, i.e. forward, in the direction of the foot axis (in the x direction), the external torque at the ankle changes its sign and direction. This causes the ankle joint to undergo accelerated dorsiflexion. This externally generated Dorsiflexion moment is balanced by the plantarflexion muscles, in particular the triceps surae muscle, the dorsiflexion is thereby slowed down and ultimately the ankle undergoes plantarflexion for push-off from the ground.

Regarding the knee joint, the ground reaction force acts in the sagittal plane behind the knee joint and creates an external flexion moment. This external flexion moment is provided by the knee extension muscles, i.e. the Mm. vasti, and the rectus femoris muscle, counteract an internal extension moment. As a result, the flexion of the knee joint is slowed down in the early support phase and the knee joint is stretched for push-off.

In the frontal plane the ground reaction force is generated, i.e. i.e., their medio-lateral (ml or y-direction) directed force component and their force component pointing in the z-direction) at the ankle joint in the early support phase an external eversion moment, which tilts the hindfoot inwards and the ankle joint with the distal Tibia pushes medially.

Due to the play of forces between the ml force component and the ap force component of the ground reaction force in the transverse plane (=horizontal plane), the heel bone (calcaneus) is rotated inwards around the vertical axis and adducted. With eversion and adduction of the hindfoot, internal rotation is imparted to the talus and, as a result, the tibia. This accelerated internal rotation of the tibia results in increasing torque in the transverse plane in the knee joint (=ERM). Medialization of the distal tibia results in increased adduction of the knee joint. With the medialization of the ankle joint, the KAP shifts medially as it progresses. The result is an increase in the leverage of the ground reaction forces in the frontal plane with respect to the knee joint. This causes the external adduction moment at the knee joint (= EAM) to increase.

In the push-off phase or in the second part of the stance phase when running, the KAP is initially found laterally and only finally medially under the forefoot. Thus, during the early push-off (with the greatest external and internal forces), the KAP is lateral to the ankle (and knee) joint and produces a force against the force of the inversion muscles (tibialis anterior muscle, tibialis posterior muscle, flexor hallucis muscle). increasing eversion of the hindfoot and thus forced medialization of the distal tibia and adduction of the knee joint. The external adduction moment (EAM) and the torque (ERM) in the transverse plane (ERM) at the knee joint are therefore further increased.

The use of shoes, especially those with angular shoe soles, usually unnecessarily increases the ml displacement (y direction) and, as a result, the levers of the ground reaction forces in the frontal plane at the ankle and knee joints. In contrast, in the bare foot - due to the coarse fat pad ring around the heel bone - an early centering of the KAP is achieved in the early stance phase under the heel bone and thus under the ankle and knee joint. As a result, the external moments in the frontal plane and in the transverse plane are significantly reduced compared to running in shoes. In the push-off phase with the KAP under the forefoot, the partial movements of the five rays of the foot and the anatomical transverse arch that exists when the forefoot is unloaded (when the metatarsal heads come into contact with the ground) result in a physiological centering of the KAP and consequently a reduction in the bare foot Lever of ground reaction forces realized in the frontal plane at the ankle and knee joints.

As is well known, running injuries are often chronic injuries that most commonly affect the knee joint. Primarily responsible are the higher external adduction moments (EAM) in the frontal plane and transverse rotation moments (ERM) in running compared to less demanding forms of movement. If the external torques in the frontal plane and the transverse plane are caused by the shoe bottoms of conventional running shoes compared to running without shoes on a soft surface, e.g. B. grass, are enlarged, higher loads inevitably occur on the passive structures of the joints as well as on those muscles that counteract these external moments. As a result, running on conventional shoe surfaces is often more stressful on the joints and at the same time less efficient, as more muscle work is necessary and this increased muscle work is not effective in propulsion. The document US 2016/073732 discloses a shoe bottom with a support sole and a support device.

Task of the invention

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a shoe bottom for a running shoe and a shoe, in particular a sports shoe for running, which offer a more physiological movement sequence with improved running comfort when running and in particular counteract causes of incorrect loading on the ankle and knee joint and which do not in eliminating the symptoms of overpronation and knee adduction. Unnecessary strain on the musculoskeletal system should therefore be minimized and muscle work that does not have an effect on propulsion should be reduced to a minimum.

Technical solution

The task relating to the shoe bottom is achieved by a shoe bottom with the features specified in claim 1. The shoe according to the invention has the features specified in claim 12.

The support sole is essentially comparable to the classic insole of a shoe bottom and, according to the invention, can be made, for example, from a viscoelastic foam (e.g. from an ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer (EVA) or copolymer (EVAC), in particular with a density of approximately 55 Asker ShoreC), a fiber composite material (e.g. carbon) or the like. The support sole is in any case flexibly deformable.

The support sole of the shoe bottom is therefore supported in the area of its edge section on the rear foot part and on the forefoot part in the direction of the vertical axis of the support sole and outwards in a direction radial to the vertical axis. The support sole is therefore in both loaded and unloaded operating states, i.e. H. at any time, arranged in sections between the support device. When the shoe bottom is used as intended, a force application point of the ground reaction force that is located eccentrically with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the support sole can be centered in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the support sole at any time during the stance phase. Due to the circular arc-shaped arrangement of the rear foot part of the elastically deformable support device in the rear area of the support sole, when the foot arranged on the support sole of the shoe bottom is placed, the point of application of the ground reaction force can be directly in the center of the U-shaped rear foot part of the support device and thus under, regardless of the attachment point or the attachment direction the heel bone of the foot is pushed and thus centered under the heel bone and the still neutral ankle joint. If the force application point of the ground reaction force is laterally offset with respect to the longitudinal central axis, the associated eccentric compression of the rear foot part due to the inventive mounting of the support plate on the elastically deformable rear foot part of the support device leads to a corrective force directed in the direction towards the longitudinal central axis on that support plate section on which the KAP attacks.

In relation to the ml deflection described at the beginning, the force application point is found in the operational use of the shoe bottom below the knee joint. The posterior part, ie the U-shaped rear foot part, of the support device enables AP control of the force application point. While running on the bottom of the shoe, external initial plantar flexion moments at the ankle joint can be counteracted. By centering the force application point, the cause of the external eversion and adduction moments at the ankle joint will be minimized or eliminated.

Furthermore, it should be noted that the front (anterior) opening of the rear foot part formed by the U-shaped rear foot part of the support device, the force application point can be controlled like a funnel when the shoe bottom comes into further contact with the ground and can be guided centrally anteriorly and directed to the forefoot part of the midsole.

The forefoot part of the elastically deformable support device enables the force application point to be taken over from the rear foot section of the shoe bottom and to be guided further anteriorly centrally under the foot.

To facilitate the final completion of the push-off process, the forefoot part is preferably opened anteriorly. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the forefoot part can be U-shaped in a manner corresponding to the rear foot part and can encompass the forefoot section of the support sole (including its front free end section or tip). The U-shaped forefoot part of the support device is then in the area of the apex, i.e. H. In the area of the front free end section of the shoe bottom or the support sole, the material is advantageously made with weakened material. In this case, the U-shaped forefoot part of the support device in said area can in particular have a reduced overall height compared to the rest of the forefoot part (measured in the direction of the vertical axis of the shoe bottom).

Contrary to the shoe base or running shoe concepts mentioned at the beginning, the shoe base according to the invention does not only symptomatically counteract overpronation or eversion or knee adduction. Rather, the causes of these symptoms when running and thus the increased stress on the musculoskeletal system when running compared to the (everyday) stress can be reliably counteracted.

• der KAP (Kraftangriffspunkt) kann beim Fußaufsatz (=impact) bezüglich der Längsmittelachse bzw. Längsmittelebene in ml-Richtung zentriert und in ap (anterior-porsterior) Richtung zentriert nach anterior in Richtung des Vorfußbereichs geführt werden. Bei einem bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch des Schuhbodens kann dadurch eine Minimierung der externen Drehmomente in den Frontal- und Transversalebenen an Sprunggelenk und Kniegelenk (und der Reduktion des initialen Plantarflexions Momentes am Sprunggelenkes in der Sagittalebene) gewährleistet werden;
• ml-Zentrierung und ap-Bahnung (Leitung) des KAP beim Vorfußstütz und Abstoß mit dem Ziel der Minimierung der externen Drehmomente in der Frontaleben an Sprunggelenk und Kniegelenk und der Verbesserung der Vortriebseffizienz durch Minimierung von Muskelarbeit in den Sekundärebenen (Frontal- und Transversalebene); überflüssige Belastungen des Bewegungsapparates werden minimiert und eine nicht vortriebswirksame Muskelarbeit kann auf ein Minimum reduziert werden;
• der KAP kann vom Rückfußkontakt zum Vorfußkontakt unter Nutzung des biomechanischen Potenzials der biologischen Koppelelemente des Mittelfußes (Bänder, Sehnen, intrinsische Fußmuskeln) in ap-Richtung geführt werden;
• die KAP- Zentrierung kann bei allen Formen des Fußaufsatzes (gerade, nach außen gedreht, deutlich nach außen gedreht) gewährleistet werden. Dies ist vor dem Hintergrund, dass über 90% aller Läufer den Fuß beim Fußaufsatz nicht in Laufrichtung positionieren, sondern den Fuß mindestens 7° und mehr außenrotiert aufsetzen, bedeutsam. Demgegenüber sind die heute verfügbaren Schuhe zum Laufen mit ihren Flexbereichen, Dämpfungs- und Stützelementen für den geraden Fußaufsatz und damit für eine exakte Schuhposition in Laufrichtung konstruiert;
• das Potenzial der Gelenke und der biologischen Strukturen des Vorfußes (u.a. Querwölbung des unbelasteten Vorfußes) kann optimal genutzt werden;
• der Bewegungsablauf ist physiologischer und gewährleistet einen verbesserten Laufkomfort.

In summary, the following advantages can be realized by the shoe base according to the invention:

• The KAP (force application point) can be centered in the ml direction with respect to the longitudinal central axis or longitudinal central plane when the foot is placed (=impact) and centered in the ap (anterior-porsterior) direction, centered anteriorly towards the forefoot area. When the shoe bottom is used as intended, this can ensure a minimization of the external torques in the frontal and transverse planes at the ankle and knee joints (and the reduction of the initial plantar flexion moment at the ankle joint in the sagittal plane);
• ml centering and ap pathing (conduction) of the KAP during forefoot support and push-off with the aim of minimizing external torques in the frontal life of the ankle and knee joint and improving propulsion efficiency by minimizing muscle work in the secondary planes (frontal and transverse planes); unnecessary strain on the musculoskeletal system is minimized and muscle work that is not effective in propulsion can be reduced to a minimum;
• the KAP can be guided from rearfoot contact to forefoot contact in the AP direction using the biomechanical potential of the biological coupling elements of the midfoot (ligaments, tendons, intrinsic foot muscles);
• KAP centering can be guaranteed with all forms of foot attachment (straight, turned outwards, clearly turned outwards). This is important given that over 90% of all runners do not position their foot in the direction of running when they strike the foot, but rather place their foot externally rotated by at least 7° or more. In contrast, the shoes available today for running with their flex areas, cushioning and support elements are designed for the straight foot placement and thus for an exact shoe position in the running direction;
• the potential of the joints and the biological structures of the forefoot (including transverse arching of the unloaded forefoot) can be optimally used;
• The movement sequence is more physiological and ensures improved walking comfort.

It goes without saying that the sole base according to the invention is also suitable for other shoes, in particular sports shoes.

If the support surface of the support device, in particular the rear foot part of the support device, is designed to be convexly curved in cross section, the support sole can have a receptacle or pocket for the support device, into which the support device engages. In this case, the support sole preferably has a contact or support surface for the support device in the area of the pocket that is curved corresponding to the support surface (i.e. shaped complementary to the support surface, and therefore concave).

According to the invention, a push-off island with an outsole covering is arranged between the two legs of the forefoot part of the support device. The push-off island can, for example, consist of foamed soft rubber, preferably with a low density of approx. 40 Asker ShoreC.

The surface of the outsole covering of the push-off island is set back, ie lowered, relative to the surface of the outsole covering of the two legs of the forefoot part of the support device, preferably in the direction of the vertical axis (z-direction) of the shoe bottom. In practice, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the height difference mentioned is between 2 and 4 millimeters, in particular 3 millimeters. When the bottom of the shoe is used as intended, the metatarsal heads (anterior ends of the metatarsals) of the foot placed on the bottom of the shoe are in a slight curvature when the forefoot lands. This begins the forefoot contact with contact of the edges of the foot on the medial and lateral legs of the forefoot part of the elastically deformable support device. These are immediately deformed when running and sink when force is applied. When taking over the load Through the forefoot part of the support device, the transverse arch of the forefoot dissolves and the now flat row of metatarsal heads penetrates into the elastically deformable push-off island with homogeneous load distribution but a central position of the force application point. After appropriate compression of the material, in particular foamed elastomer or rubber, the push-off island forms a stable platform for the push-off while running.

According to the invention, the push-off island is preferably segmented by flex zones in order to ensure the necessary flexibility of the shoe bottom during its use. According to the invention, the course of the flex zones can be adapted to an externally rotated foot attachment that is often found in runners.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the leg of the rear foot part arranged medially on the support sole and the leg of the forefoot part arranged medially can (in particular only) merge into one another in the area of the coupling section (metatarsal bridge of the support sole). In other words, the two aforementioned legs can be made in one piece with one another in this area. As a result, if necessary, a particularly large amount of support for the foot can be achieved in the area of the longitudinal arch spanning the coupling section of the foot standing on the bottom of the shoe.

According to the invention, the cross section of the forefoot part of the support device is preferably smaller overall than the cross section of the rear foot part (RFT) of the support device. According to a preferred development, the height of the forefoot part decreases in the direction of the central axis of the shoe bottom towards the tip of the shoe bottom.

The rear foot part and the forefoot part of the support device preferably comprise an elastomer or are formed from such an elastomer. This allows a desired damping capacity of the shoe bottom to be set in a simple and cost-effective manner.

The rearfoot part and the forefoot part can each consist of or include solid material or a foamed elastomer. The rear foot part (RFT) and/or the forefoot part (VFT) of the support device can/can, for example be made of a (highly responsible) thermoplastic elastomer, such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with a low density (45-50 Asker ShoreC). Alternatively, the support device can also consist of an elastically deformable fiber composite material.

According to a particularly preferred development of the invention, the rear foot part and the forefoot part of the support device are each designed to be tubular. This allows a particularly high mechanical damping capacity of the support device to be achieved.

Particularly preferably, the support device, i.e. the rear foot part and the forefoot part, has a round, i.e. essentially circular or ellipsoidal, cross-sectional shape overall or over a large part of its (longitudinal) extent. The resulting (functionally) quasi-point support under the strand- or tubular support device enables the undesirable joint-side leverage of the ground reaction forces explained at the beginning to be minimized as early as the first contact of the shoe bottom ("impact") with the ground.

The support device is preferably glued to the support sole. Alternatively or additionally, the support device can also be arranged welded to the support sole or held in a press fit on the support sole.

The support device can have at least two sections that differ from one another in their material properties. For example, the two medial legs of the rear foot part and the forefoot part can consist of a less elastic material than the remaining areas of the support device. As a result, a desired support capacity of the support device can be adapted to the (individual) needs in some areas.

According to the invention, the outsole covering of the shoe bottom can in particular be profiled and preferably consists of an advantageously abrasion-resistant rubber or another suitable material. The outsole coating creates the necessary friction between the bottom of the shoe and the respective surface guaranteed and counteracts undesirable slipping, especially when placing the foot and pushing off.

The shoe according to the invention has a sole bottom and, in a manner known per se, an upper shoe part attached to the sole bottom. The shoe can in particular be designed as a running shoe. It goes without saying that the shoe can also be designed for sports other than running, in particular for tennis, sqash, or as a so-called leisure shoe.

Further advantages of the invention result from the description and the drawing. Likewise, according to the invention, the features mentioned above and those further detailed can be used individually or in groups in any combination. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as an exhaustive list, but rather have an exemplary character for describing the invention.

Fig. 1

eine schematisierte Darstellung eines Läufers mit Darstellung der Bodenreaktionskräfte für zeitlich aufeinanderfolgende Zeitpunkte des Bewegungsablaufs;

Fig. 2

Rückfuß, Unterschenkel und Knie in der frühen Standphase mit Bodenreaktionskraft sowie resultierender Hebel der Bodenreaktionskraft zum Sprunggelenk und Kniegelenk bei Einsatz eines Schuhs mit herkömmlichen Schuhbodenkonzept, Darstellung jeweils in der Frontalebene;

Fig. 3

einen herkömmlichen Schuhboden eines Laufschuhs mit Darstellung der Bodenreaktionskräfte, dem räumlichen Bewegungsverlauf des Kraftangriffspunkts in der Ebene des Schuhbodens, in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;

Fig. 4

einen erfindungsgemäßen Laufschuh mit einem Schuhboden mit einer Tragsohle und mit einer elastisch verformbaren Stützeinrichtung, auf dem die Tragsohle mit ihrem Randabschnitt unterseitig abgestützt ist, wobei die Stützeinrichtung ein Rückfußteil aufweist, das das hinteren Sohlenabschnitt zumindest abschnittsweise U-förmig umgreift und mit einem Vorfußteil, der mit seinen beiden Schenkeln den Vorfußabschnitt der Tragsohle seitlich umrahmt;

Fig. 5

den Schuhboden in einer freigestellten Seitenansicht;

Fig. 6

den Schuhboden des Schuhs gemäß Fig. 4 in einer Draufsicht auf den unteren Laufbelag;

Fig. 7

den Schuhboden des Schuhs gemäß Fig. 4 in einem Längsschnitt;

Fig. 8

den Schuhboden gemäß Fig. 7 in einem Querschnitt entlang der in Fig. 6 mit F-F bezeichneten Schnittlinie;

Fig. 9

den Schuhboden gemäß Fig. 7 in einem Querschnitt entlang der in Fig. 6 mit D-D bezeichneten Schnittlinie;

Fig. 10

den Schuhboden gemäß Fig. 7 in einem Querschnitt entlang der in Fig. 6 mit C-C bezeichneten Schnittlinie;

Fig. 11

den Schuhboden gemäß Fig. 7 in einem Querschnitt entlang der in Fig. 6 mit B-B bezeichneten Schnittlinie;

Fig. 12

eine schematisierte Darstellung des Wirkprinzips des erfindungsgemäßen Schuhbodens gemäß den Fign. 4 bis 11;

Fig. 13

den erfindungsgemäßen Schuhboden gemäß Fig. 4 mit Darstellung der Bodenreaktionskräfte sowie der Lokalisation des Kraftangriffspunkts am Schuhboden während einer Bodenkontaktphase, in einer perspektivischen Ansicht; und

Fig. 14

Rückfuß, Unterschenkel und Knie in der frühen Standphase mit Bodenreaktionskraft sowie resultierender Hebel der Bodenreaktionskraft zum Sprunggelenk und Kniegelenk bei Einsatz eines Schuhs gemäß Fig. 4 mit erfindungsgemäßem Schuhbodenkonzept, Darstellung jeweils in der Frontalebene.

Show in the drawing:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a runner showing the ground reaction forces for successive times in the movement sequence;

Fig. 2

Hindfoot, lower leg and knee in the early stance phase with ground reaction force as well as the resulting lever of the ground reaction force to the ankle and knee joint when using a shoe with a conventional shoe bottom concept, each shown in the frontal plane;

Fig. 3

a conventional shoe bottom of a running shoe with representation of the ground reaction forces, the spatial course of movement of the Point of force application in the plane of the shoe bottom, in a perspective view;

Fig. 4

a running shoe according to the invention with a shoe bottom with a support sole and with an elastically deformable support device on which the support sole is supported with its edge section on the underside, the support device having a rear foot part which surrounds the rear sole section in a U-shape at least in sections and with a forefoot part which with its two legs laterally frames the forefoot section of the support sole;

Fig. 5

the bottom of the shoe in a cropped side view;

Fig. 6

according to the bottom of the shoe Fig. 4 in a top view of the lower tread;

Fig. 7

according to the bottom of the shoe Fig. 4 in a longitudinal section;

Fig. 8

according to the bottom of the shoe Fig. 7 in a cross section along the in Fig. 6 cutting line marked FF;

Fig. 9

according to the bottom of the shoe Fig. 7 in a cross section along the in Fig. 6 cutting line marked DD;

Fig. 10

according to the bottom of the shoe Fig. 7 in a cross section along the in Fig. 6 cutting line marked CC;

Fig. 11

according to the bottom of the shoe Fig. 7 in a cross section along the in Fig. 6 cutting line marked BB;

Fig. 12

a schematic representation of the operating principle of the shoe bottom according to the invention according to Figs. 4 to 11 ;

Fig. 13

the shoe bottom according to the invention Fig. 4 with representation of the ground reaction forces and the localization of the force application point on the bottom of the shoe during a ground contact phase, in a perspective view; and

Fig. 14

Hindfoot, lower leg and knee in the early stance phase with ground reaction force as well as the resulting lever of the ground reaction force to the ankle and knee joint when using a shoe Fig. 4 with shoe bottom concept according to the invention, shown in the frontal plane.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic series image of a runner 10 during a natural running movement at different times from the beginning of the ground contact of a foot 12 until after the take-off phase of the foot 12 in question, with the ground reaction force f shown in each case in a side view.

Fig. 2 shows the foot 16 provided with a shoe 14 , the ankle joint 18 , the lower leg 20 and the knee joint 22 of the runner 10 ( Fig. 1 ) with ground contact in the early stance phase at successive times A, B, C with ground reaction force f displayed in the frontal plane.

The ground reaction force f (more precisely its medio-lateral (ml-/y-) component and z-component according to a right-handed three-dimensional coordinate system) causes an external eversion moment at the ankle joint 18 in the early support phase, which tilts the rear foot inwards (B, C) and the ankle joint 16 pushes medially with the distal tibia of the lower leg 18. The medialization of the distal tibia results in increased adduction of the knee joint 20 and an increase in the leverage of the ground reaction forces f in the frontal plane to the knee joint. This causes the external adduction moment at the knee joint 20 to increase (C). Leverage forces on the ankle and knee joints 18, 22 derived from the ground reaction forces f can lead to overloading and damage to the ankle joint 18 and the knee joint 20 and require unnecessary muscle work.

In Fig. 3 are force application points (KAP) 23 of the ground reaction forces f introduced into a conventional shoe bottom 24 of a shoe shown in two-dimensional spatial resolution in their respective position on the shoe bottom 24 during a ground contraction phase. The force application points 22 show clear medial/lateral deviations from the longitudinal central axis 26 of the shoe bottom 24 from posterior to anterior, which essentially coincides with the axial projection of the longitudinal axis of the foot.

Fig. 4 shows a shoe 14 according to the invention, here for example in the form of a jogging or running shoe, which has a shoe bottom 24 and a shoe upper part 28 which is suitably connected to the shoe bottom 24, for example glued, welded and / or sewn. No lacing or any other type of closure system is shown here, especially since this is not essential to the presentation of the invention.

The shoe bottom 24 is in the Figs. 5 and 6 each shown in an isolated view. The shoe bottom 24 has an elastically deformable support sole 30 , which essentially corresponds functionally to an insole. The support sole 30 includes a rear foot section 32 and a forefoot section 34 ( Fig. 6 ), which are connected to one another via a metatarsal or coupling section 36 . The support sole 30 is functionally essentially comparable to the classic insole of a shoe bottom 24. The support sole 30 can, for example, be made of a viscoelastic foam, e.g. B. an ethylene-vinyl acetate or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAC), for example with a density of approximately 55 Asker ShoreC. It should be noted that other elastically deformable materials can also be used. For example, the support sole can comprise a flexibly deformable fiber composite material with natural fibers or synthetic fibers or can consist of such a material.

An elastically deformable support device 38 is attached to the support sole 30. The support device 38 can in particular be glued to the support sole 30. Depending on the materials used for the support sole 30 and the support device 38, the support device 38 can also be arranged welded to the support sole 30 or held in a press fit in/on the support sole 30.

The material of the support sole 30 is preferably stiffer, i.e. H. less elastically deformable than the material of the support device 38.

The support device 38 in turn comprises a U-shaped rear foot part 40 , which surrounds the rear foot section 32 of the support sole 30. The rear foot part 40 has a first (lateral) and a second (medial) leg 42 , 44 , which are connected to one another via a back section 46 . The rear foot part 40 thus frames the rear foot section 32 of the support sole.

The elastically deformable support device 38 further comprises a forefoot part, designated overall by 48 , with a first (lateral) and a second (medial) leg 50, 52, which are each arranged along opposite edge sections 54 of the forefoot section 34 of the support sole 30. The forefoot part 48 is preferably attached to the support sole in a manner corresponding to the rear foot part 40.

The rear foot part 40 can in particular be made in one piece. In the embodiment shown, the U-shaped rear foot part 40 of the support device 38 forms an opening 58 pointing forward in the direction of the longitudinal central axis 26 (x-axis) of the shoe bottom 24 towards the front end of the shoe bottom, ie towards the shoe bottom tip 56 . The rear foot part of the support device delimits a free space 60 in a direction radial to the vertical axis 59 (z-axis) of the shoe bottom 24, which is delimited on the top side in the vertical direction by the support sole 30.

On the underside of the support device 38, ie on the rear foot part 40 and the forefoot part 48, an outsole covering 62 is fastened. The outsole covering 62 consists of a material suitable for the respective area of use of the shoe 14 and can be provided with a profile 64 in a manner known per se. From a manufacturing perspective, the outsole covering 62 is preferably glued to the support device 38 or attached to it in another suitable manner.

A push-off island 66 is arranged between the two legs 50, 52 of the forefoot part 48 of the support device 38. The push-off island 66 is elastically deformable and forms a platform for pushing off when running. The push-off island 66 is advantageously segmented by flex zones 68 in order to ensure the necessary flexibility of the shoe bottom 24 when running. The flex zones 68 can be adapted in their spatial course relative to the support sole 30 to an externally rotated foot attachment that is often found in runners. It should be noted that the push-off island 66 with the surface 70 of its outsole covering 62 is not arranged flush with the surface 70 of the outsole covering 62 of the two legs 50, 52 of the forefoot part 48 of the support device 38 in the direction of the vertical axis 59 (z direction). The push-off island 66 is arranged set back by a few millimeters, for example 2 to 4 millimeters, with respect to the surface 70 of the outsole covering 62 of the forefoot part 48.

The storage of the support sole 30 on the elastically deformable support device 38 is in the Fig. 7 to 11 shown in more detail. Fig. 7 shows the shoe bottom 24 in a longitudinal section along the longitudinal center plane L of the shoe bottom 24, while in the Figs. 8 to 11 individual cross sections of the shoe bottom 24 are shown.

According to the Figs. 7 and Fig. 8 the rear foot part 40 of the elastically deformable support device 38 has an almost round, here oval cross-sectional shape. The support device 38 can be made of a solid material, if necessary foamed, or alternatively also tubular. An elastically deformable fiber composite material is also conceivable.

The large outer radius of the rear foot part 40 ( Fig. 7 ) counteracts unwanted leverage forces on the ankle and knee joints when touching down. According to the in the Figs. 9 to 11 As shown in the sectional views of the shoe bottom 24, the support device 38 has an overall round or rounded cross-sectional shape.

The rear foot part 40 and the forefoot part 48 each have a support surface 72 which is arranged sloping or convexly curved inwards towards the underside of the shoe bottom and on which the support sole 30 rests and in a lateral direction, ie in a direction relative to the vertical axis (e.g. Direction) radial direction outwards, is supported.

In the area of the rear foot part, the support surface of the support device is designed to be convexly curved. In cross section, the support sole has a concave contact or support surface 74 that is shaped to correspond or complement it. The rear foot part 40 of the support device 38 engages in a form-fitting manner in the receptacle or pocket 76 of the support sole 30 formed thereby.

The forefoot part 48 of the support device has a smaller overall height h compared to the rear foot part 40. The cross-sectional area of the forefoot part 48 of the support device 38 increases to the shoe bottom tip 56 ( Fig. 7 ) down. The lateral extent of the support surfaces 72 of the forefoot part 48 of the support device 38 becomes increasingly smaller along the longitudinal central axis 26 of the sole bottom in the direction of the shoe bottom tip 56.

In the Figs. 9 to 11 the surface 70 of the push-off island 66, which is set back (recessed) relative to the surface 70 of the outsole covering 62, can be clearly seen.

The coordinated elastic deformability of the support sole 30 and the support device 38 that mediates ground contact with the outsole covering 62 as well as the laterally supported mounting of the support sole 30 on the support device 38 makes it possible to position the force application point 23 when the shoe bottom 24 is placed with respect to the longitudinal central axis 26 or longitudinal central plane L to center in the ml direction and to lead in the ap (anterior-posterior) direction centered anteriorly towards the forefoot area, as highly schematized with the arrows P in Fig. 12 as well as in one too Fig. 3 appropriate way Fig. 13 is shown. This allows external torques in the frontal and transverse planes at the ankle joint 18 and knee joint 22 accordingly Fig. 14 be minimized. In addition, the force application point 23 can be guided from the rear foot contact to the forefoot contact in the ap direction forward to the forefoot area with improved use of the biomechanical potential of the biological coupling elements of the midfoot (ligaments, tendons, intrinsic foot muscles). Thanks to the ml centering and ap development of the force application point during forefoot support and push-off, the Propulsion efficiency can be improved. The advantages of the shoe base 24 according to the invention are present in all forms of foot attachment.

Claims (12)

1. Shoe sole (24) for a shoe, in particular for the sport of running, having an elastically deformable supporting sole (30), which has a rear foot section (32) and a front foot section (34), which are mutually connected to one another via a coupling section (36), and having an elastically deformable supporting device (38) which is arranged on the supporting sole (30) and which carries an outsole covering (62), wherein the supporting device (38) comprises the following:

   - a rear foot part (40) which engages around the rear foot section (32) of the supporting sole (30) in a U shape; and

   - a front foot part (48) having two limbs (50, 52) which are arranged on opposite lateral edge sections (54) of the front foot section (34),

   wherein the rear foot part (40) and the front foot part (48) each consist of solid material or a foamed elastomer,

   wherein the rear foot part (40) and the front foot part (48) each have a supporting surface (72), which is curved convex in cross-section, and on which the supporting sole (30) rests and is supported in the lateral direction,

   wherein the supporting sole (30) comprises a receptacle (76) for the supporting device (38), into which the supporting device (38) engages,

   and wherein the supporting sole (30) is arranged in sections between the supporting device (38) both in the loaded and unloaded state of use.
2. Shoe sole (24) according to claim 1, characterized in that the front foot section (48) has a push-off island (66) with an outsole covering (62), the surface (70) of which is arranged set back by 2 to 4 millimeters in the direction of the vertical axis (59) of the shoe sole (24) relative to the surface (70) of the outsole covering (62) of the front foot part (48).
3. Shoe sole (24) according to claim 2, characterized in that the push-off island together with its outsole covering (62) is segmented by flex zones (68), which are preferably matched to an externally rotated placement of the sole bottom when walking/running.
4. Shoe sole (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two limbs (50, 52) of the front foot part (48) of the supporting device (38) are made in one piece with one another, so that the front foot part (48) engages around the supporting sole (30) in the area around the shoe sole tip (56).
5. Shoe sole (24) according to claim 4, characterized in that the front foot part (48) of the supporting device (38) is materially weakened in the region of the shoe sole tip (56).
6. Shoe sole (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the limbs (42, 44, 50, 52) of the rear foot part (40) and the front foot part (48) which are arranged medially on the supporting sole (30) are integrally connected to one another.
7. Shoe sole (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting device (38), preferably over a large part of its extent or over its entire extent, has an essentially round cross-sectional shape.
8. Shoe sole (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting device (38) is designed in the form of a strand-shaped solid profile.
9. Shoe sole (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting device (38) has different material properties, in particular different elasticity, at least in sections.
10. Shoe sole (24) according to claim 9, characterized in that the supporting device is less elastically deformable along the medial edge section (54) of the supporting sole (30) than in the area of the lateral edge section (54) of the supporting sole (30).
11. Shoe sole (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting device (38) is welded to the supporting sole (30) and/or is glued to the supporting sole (30).
12. Shoe (14), in particular sports shoe for the sport of running, having a shoe sole (24) according to one of claims 1 to 11.

Images