EP3650525A1 - Detergent compositions - Google Patents
Detergent compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3650525A1 EP3650525A1 EP18205044.3A EP18205044A EP3650525A1 EP 3650525 A1 EP3650525 A1 EP 3650525A1 EP 18205044 A EP18205044 A EP 18205044A EP 3650525 A1 EP3650525 A1 EP 3650525A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- total weight
- weight based
- composition according
- sodium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XSKDWYYJGQAOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,6-dihydroxy-1,6,6-triphosphonohexyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(P(O)(O)=O)(O)CCCCC(O)(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O XSKDWYYJGQAOFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 alkali metal hypochlorites Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- ZKWDCFPLNQTHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribromoisocyanuric acid Chemical class BrN1C(=O)N(Br)C(=O)N(Br)C1=O ZKWDCFPLNQTHSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920006261 self reinforced polyphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 7
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 235000020279 black tea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;1-dodecoxydodecane;sulfate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000020095 red wine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical group C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YDONNITUKPKTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Nitrilotris(methylene)]trisphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O YDONNITUKPKTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008365 aqueous carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLLVZDVNHNWSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylidene-3,5-dioxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-triene-2,6-dione Chemical compound C1(C2=CC=C(C(=O)OC(=C)O1)C=C2)=O LLLVZDVNHNWSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFHBJXIEBWOOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-3,6-dioxabicyclo[6.2.2]dodeca-1(10),8,11-triene-2,7-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(C)COC(=O)C2=CC=C1C=C2 SFHBJXIEBWOOFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical class [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100032487 Beta-mannosidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940122361 Bisphosphonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920013820 alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoethylethanolamine Chemical compound NCCNCCO LHIJANUOQQMGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LCPUDZUWZDSKMX-UHFFFAOYSA-K azane;hydrogen sulfate;iron(3+);sulfate;dodecahydrate Chemical compound [NH4+].O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LCPUDZUWZDSKMX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940077388 benzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010055059 beta-Mannosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CMFFZBGFNICZIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanedioic acid;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCC(O)=O.OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O CMFFZBGFNICZIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXDRSFFFXJISME-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanedioic acid;2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCC(O)=O.OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O HXDRSFFFXJISME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium chloride dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] LLSDKQJKOVVTOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940052299 calcium chloride dihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004064 cosurfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical class C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMYUVOOOQDGQNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexasodium;trioxido(trioxidosilyloxy)silane Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] PMYUVOOOQDGQNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003752 hydrotrope Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920013821 hydroxy alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001387 inorganic aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001427 mPEG Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940050906 magnesium chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dichloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] DHRRIBDTHFBPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004028 organic sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010087558 pectate lyase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001444 polymaleic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical class [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AVTYONGGKAJVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium tartrate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O AVTYONGGKAJVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001472 potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011005 potassium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N protonated dimethyl amine Natural products CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZBRFIUYUGTUGG-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JZBRFIUYUGTUGG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEVFKQIDHQGBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium;2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JEVFKQIDHQGBFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/36—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C11D3/361—Phosphonates, phosphinates or phosphonites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
- C11D2111/12—Soft surfaces, e.g. textile
Definitions
- the present invention relates to detergent compositions for the non-oxidative laundering of fabric stains.
- Stains are usually caused by molecules of coloured substances deposited on or in fibres or in residual soil. Highly coloured stains are particularly difficult to remove. They often originate from polyphenolic compounds, such as the natural flavonoids found in tea and red wine.
- Oxidizing bleaches such as peroxygen compounds have been used for the oxidative degradation and decolorisation of highly coloured stains. However, peroxygen compounds have reduced efficacy at lower temperatures and cannot generally be incorporated into liquid laundry detergents without storage stability problems. Oxidizing bleaches may also be unsuitable for prolonged or intensive use on coloured or delicate fabrics.
- Transition metal sequestrants have been used to improve stain removal at low temperatures. However, the most effective of these tend to be phosphorus-based compounds. It would be desirable to improve the weight efficiency of such materials.
- the present invention provides a detergent composition for the non-oxidative laundering of fabric stains, the composition comprising:
- the invention also provides a method for the non-oxidative laundering of fabric stains, comprising diluting a dose of the detergent composition defined above to obtain a wash liquor, and washing the stained fabric with the wash liquor so formed.
- Suitable salts for use in the invention include are those where one or more of the acidic hydrogen atoms in the molecule are replaced by an alkali metal cation such as sodium or potassium, or an ammoniacal counterion such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, (MEA) diethanolamine (DEA) or triethanolamine (TEA).
- an alkali metal cation such as sodium or potassium
- an ammoniacal counterion such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, (MEA) diethanolamine (DEA) or triethanolamine (TEA).
- Preferred salts are those where one or more of the acidic hydrogen atoms in the molecule are replaced by sodium, such as the tetrasodium salt, which may be represented by the following formula (II):
- the total amount of (1,6-dihydroxy-1,6,6-triphosphonohexyl) phosphonic acid and/or salt thereof in a composition of the invention preferably ranges from about 0.25 to 7.5%, more preferably from 0.5 to 6%, most preferably from 1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- detergent composition in the context of this invention denotes formulated compositions intended for and capable of wetting and cleaning domestic laundry such as clothing, linens and other household textiles.
- linen is often used to describe certain types of laundry items including bed sheets, pillow cases, towels, tablecloths, table napkins and uniforms.
- Textiles can include woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, and knitted fabrics; and can include natural or synthetic fibres such as silk fibres, linen fibres, cotton fibres, polyester fibres, polyamide fibres such as nylon, acrylic fibres, acetate fibres, and blends thereof including cotton and polyester blends.
- detergent compositions include heavy-duty detergents for use in the wash cycle of automatic washing machines, as well as fine wash and colour care detergents such as those suitable for washing delicate garments (e.g. those made of silk or wool) either by hand or in the wash cycle of automatic washing machines.
- composition of the invention comprises inter alia from 3 to 80% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of one or more detersive surfactants (b).
- detersive surfactant in the context of this invention denotes a surfactant which provides a detersive (i.e. cleaning) effect to laundry treated as part of a domestic laundering process.
- detersive surfactant and the amount present, will depend on the intended use of the detergent composition. For example, different surfactant systems may be chosen for hand-washing products and for products intended for use in different types of automatic washing machine. The total amount of detersive surfactant present will also depend on the intended end use. In compositions for machine washing of fabrics, an amount of from 5 to 40%, such as 15 to 35% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) is generally appropriate. Higher levels may be used in compositions for washing fabrics by hand, such as up to 60% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
- Preferred detersive surfactants may be selected from non-soap anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
- Non-soap anionic surfactants are principally used to facilitate particulate soil removal.
- Non-soap anionic surfactants for use in the invention are typically salts of organic sulfates and sulfonates having alkyl or alkenyl (preferably alkyl) groups containing from about 8 to about 22 (preferably from 10 to 18) carbon atoms, the terms "alkyl” and “alkenyl” being used to include the alkyl or alkenyl portions, respectively, of higher acyl groups.
- alkyl sulfates examples include alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkaryl sulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates and mixtures thereof, in which the alkyl groups contain from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl ether sulfates may contain from one to ten ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per molecule, and preferably contain one to three ethylene oxide units per molecule.
- the counterion for anionic surfactants is generally an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium; or an ammoniacal counterion such as monoethanolamine, (MEA) diethanolamine (DEA) or triethanolamine (TEA). Mixtures of such counterions may also be employed.
- a preferred class of non-soap anionic surfactant for use in the invention includes alkylbenzene sulfonates, particularly linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) with a linear alkyl group having an alkyl chain length of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
- LAS linear alkylbenzene sulfonates
- Commercial LAS is a mixture of closely related isomers and alkyl chain homologues, each containing an aromatic ring sulfonated at the "para" position and attached to a linear alkyl group at any position except the terminal carbons.
- the linear alkyl group typically has an alkyl chain length of from 11 to 15 carbon atoms, with the predominant materials having a chain length of about C12.
- Each alkyl chain homologue consists of a mixture of all the possible sulfophenyl isomers except for the 1-phenyl isomer.
- LAS is normally formulated into compositions in acid (i.e. HLAS) form and then at least partially neutralized in-situ.
- alkyl ether sulfates having a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 10 to 18, more preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms and containing an average of 1 to 3EO units per molecule.
- a preferred example is sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) in which the predominantly C12 lauryl alkyl group has been ethoxylated with an average of 3EO units per molecule.
- alkyl sulfate surfactant may be used, such as non-ethoxylated primary and secondary alkyl sulphates with an alkyl group having an alkyl chain length of from 10 to 18.
- a preferred mixture of non-soap anionic surfactants for use in the invention comprises linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (preferably C 11 to C 15 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate) and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (preferably C 10 to C 18 alkyl sulfate ethoxylated with an average of 1 to 3 EO).
- the total level of non-soap anionic surfactant may suitably range from 5 to 30% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- Nonionic surfactants may provide enhanced performance for removing very hydrophobic oily soil and for cleaning hydrophobic polyester and polyester/cotton blend fabrics.
- Nonionic surfactants for use in the invention are typically polyoxyalkylene compounds, i.e. the reaction product of alkylene oxides (such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide or mixtures thereof) with starter molecules having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom which is reactive with the alkylene oxide.
- Such starter molecules include alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols. Where the starter molecule is an alcohol, the reaction product is known as an alcohol alkoxylate.
- the polyoxyalkylene compounds can have a variety of block and heteric (random) structures.
- the blocks can comprise a single block of alkylene oxide, or they can be diblock alkoxylates or triblock alkoxylates.
- the blocks can be all ethylene oxide or all propylene oxide, or the blocks can contain a heteric mixture of alkylene oxides.
- examples of such materials include aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates such as C 8 to C 18 primary or secondary linear or branched alcohol ethoxylates with an average of from 2 to 40 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
- a preferred class of nonionic surfactant for use in the invention includes aliphatic C 8 to C 18 , more preferably C 12 to C 15 primary linear alcohol ethoxylates with an average of from 3 to 20, more preferably from 5 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
- the total level of nonionic surfactant may suitably range from 0 to 25% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- a detergent composition of the invention may contain one or more cosurfactants (such as amphoteric (zwitterionic) and/or cationic surfactants) in addition to the non-soap anionic and/or nonionic detersive surfactants described above.
- cosurfactants such as amphoteric (zwitterionic) and/or cationic surfactants
- Specific cationic surfactants include C8 to C18 alkyl dimethyl ammonium halides and derivatives thereof in which one or two hydroxyethyl groups replace one or two of the methyl groups, and mixtures thereof.
- Cationic surfactant when included, may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- amphoteric (zwitterionic) surfactants include alkyl amine oxides, alkyl betaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl sulfobetaines (sultaines), alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl amphoacetates, alkyl amphopropionates, alkylamphoglycinates, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaines, acyl taurates and acyl glutamates, having alkyl groups containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term "alkyl” being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl groups.
- Amphoteric (zwitterionic) surfactant when included, may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- a detergent composition according to the invention may suitably be in liquid or particulate form, or a mixture thereof.
- pill in the context of this invention denotes free-flowing or compacted solid forms such as powders, granules, pellets, flakes, bars, briquettes or tablets.
- a particulate detergent composition according to the invention is a free-flowing powdered solid, with a loose (unpackaged) bulk density generally ranging from about 200g/l to about 1,300 g/l, preferably from about 400 g/l to about 1,000 g/l, more preferably from about 500g/l to about 900 g/l.
- the detergent composition according to the invention is most preferably in liquid form.
- liquid in the context of this invention denotes that a continuous phase or predominant part of the composition is liquid, and that the composition is flowable at 15°C and above. Accordingly, the term “liquid” may encompass emulsions, suspensions, and compositions having flowable yet stiffer consistency, known as gels or pastes.
- the viscosity of the composition may suitably range from about 200 to about 10,000 mPa.s at 25°C at a shear rate of 21 sec -1 . This shear rate is the shear rate that is usually exerted on the liquid when poured from a bottle.
- Pourable liquid compositions generally have a viscosity of from 200 to 2,500 mPa.s, preferably from 200 to 1500 mPa.s.
- Liquid compositions which are pourable gels generally have a viscosity of from 1,500 mPa.s to 6,000 mPa.s, preferably from 1,500 mPa.s to 2,000 mPa.s.
- a liquid detergent composition according to the invention may generally comprise from 5 to 95%, preferably from 10 to 90%, more preferably from 15 to 85% water (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- the composition may also incorporate non-aqueous carriers such as hydrotropes, co-solvents and phase stabilizers.
- Such materials are typically low molecular weight, water-soluble or water-miscible organic liquids such as C1 to C5 monohydric alcohols (such as ethanol and n- or i-propanol); C2 to C6 diols (such as monopropylene glycol and dipropylene glycol); C3 to C9 triols (such as glycerol); polyethylene glycols having a weight average molecular weight (M w ) ranging from about 200 to 600; C1 to C3 alkanolamines such as mono-, di- and triethanolamines; and alkyl aryl sulfonates having up to 3 carbon atoms in the lower alkyl group (such as the sodium and potassium xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene and isopropyl benzene (cumene) sulfonates).
- C1 to C5 monohydric alcohols such as ethanol and n- or i-propanol
- Non-aqueous carriers when included in a liquid detergent composition according to the invention, may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20%, preferably from 1 to 15%, and more preferably from 3 to 12% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- a detergent composition according to the invention may contain one or more builders.
- Builders enhance or maintain the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant, primarily by reducing water hardness. This is done either by sequestration or chelation (holding hardness minerals in solution), by precipitation (forming an insoluble substance), or by ion exchange (trading electrically charged particles).
- Builders for use in the invention can be of the organic or inorganic type, or a mixture thereof. Non-phosphate builders are preferred.
- Inorganic, non-phosphate builders for use in the invention include hydroxides, carbonates, silicates, zeolites, and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable hydroxide builders for use in the invention include sodium and potassium hydroxide.
- Suitable carbonate builders for use in the invention include mixed or separate, anhydrous or partially hydrated alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates or sesquicarbonates.
- the alkali metal is sodium and/or potassium, with sodium carbonate being particularly preferred.
- Suitable silicate builders include amorphous forms and/or crystalline forms of alkali metal (such as sodium) silicates.
- alkali metal such as sodium
- Preferred are crystalline layered sodium silicates (phyllosilicates) of the general formula (I) NaMSi x O 2x+1 .yH 2 O (I) in which M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4, preferably 2 or 3 and y is a number from 0 to 20.
- Sodium disilicates of the above formula in which M is sodium and x is 2 are particularly preferred.
- Such materials can be prepared with different crystal structures, referred to as ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ phases, with ⁇ -sodium disilicate being most preferred.
- Zeolites are naturally occurring or synthetic crystalline aluminosilicates composed of (SiO 4 ) 4- and (AlO 4 ) 5- tetrahedra, which share oxygen-bridging vertices and form cage-like structures in crystalline form.
- the frameworks acquire their negative charge by substitution of some Si by Al. The negative charge is neutralised by cations and the frameworks are sufficiently open to contain, under normal conditions, mobile water molecules.
- Suitable zeolite builders for use in the invention may be defined by the general formula (II): Na x [(AlO 2 ) x (SiO 2 ) y ] ⁇ zH 2 O (II) in which x and y are integers of at least 6, the molar ratio of x to y is in the range from about 1 to about 0.5, and z is an integer of at least 5, preferably from about 7.5 to about 276, more preferably from about 10 to about 264.
- Preferred inorganic, non-phosphate builders for use in the invention may be selected from zeolites (of the general formula (II) defined above), sodium carbonate, ⁇ -sodium disilicate and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable organic, non-phosphate builders for use in the invention include polycarboxylates, in acid and/or salt form.
- alkali metal e.g. sodium and potassium
- alkanolammonium salts are preferred.
- Specific examples of such materials include sodium and potassium citrates, sodium and potassium tartrates, the sodium and potassium salts of tartaric acid monosuccinate, the sodium and potassium salts of tartaric acid disuccinate, sodium and potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetates, sodium and potassium N(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine triacetates, sodium and potassium nitrilotriacetates and sodium and potassium N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nitrilodiacetates.
- Polymeric polycarboxylates may also be used, such as polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids (e.g. acrylic, methacrylic, vinylacetic, and crotonic acids) and/or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (e.g. maleic, fumaric, itaconic, mesaconic and citraconic acids and their anhydrides).
- unsaturated monocarboxylic acids e.g. acrylic, methacrylic, vinylacetic, and crotonic acids
- unsaturated dicarboxylic acids e.g. maleic, fumaric, itaconic, mesaconic and citraconic acids and their anhydrides
- Specific examples of such materials include polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, and copolymers of acrylic and maleic acid.
- the polymers may be in acid, salt or partially neutralised form and may suitably have a molecular weight (Mw) ranging from about 1,000 to 100,000, preferably from about 2,000 to about 85,000, and more
- Preferred organic, non-phosphate builders for builders for use in the invention may be selected from polycarboxylates (e.g. citrates) in acid and/or salt form and mixtures thereof.
- polycarboxylates e.g. citrates
- the level of phosphate builders in a detergent composition of the invention is no more than 0.2%, preferably from 0 to 0.1%, more preferably from 0 to 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- phosphate builder in the context of this invention denotes alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphate, orthophosphate, and/or metaphosphate (e.g. sodium tripolyphosphate).
- the overall level of builder when included, may range from about 0.1 to about 80%, preferably from about 0.5 to about 50% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- a detergent composition according to the invention may contain additional transition metal ion sequestrants.
- additional transition metal ion sequestrants include aminotris(methylene phosphonic acid) (ATMP), 1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid (DTPMP) and their respective sodium or potassium salts. Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
- the level of such additional transition metal ion sequestrants in a detergent composition of the invention is typically no more than 0.2%, preferably from 0 to 0.1%, more preferably from 0 to 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- a particulate detergent composition of the invention may include one or more fillers to assist in providing the desired density and bulk to the composition.
- Suitable fillers for use in the invention may generally be selected from neutral salts with a solubility in water of at least 1 gram per 100 grams of water at 20° C; such as alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium chlorides, fluorides, acetates and sulfates and mixtures thereof.
- Preferred fillers for use in the invention include alkali metal (more preferably sodium and/or potassium) sulfates and chlorides and mixtures thereof, with sodium sulfate and/or sodium chloride being most preferred.
- Filler when included, may be present in a total amount ranging from about 1 to about 80%, preferably from about 5 to about 50% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- a detergent composition according to the invention may include one or more polymeric cleaning boosters such as antiredeposition polymers, soil release polymers and mixtures thereof.
- Anti-redeposition polymers stabilise the soil in the wash solution thus preventing redeposition of the soil.
- Suitable anti-redeposition polymers for use in the invention include alkoxylated polyethyleneimines.
- Polyethyleneimines are materials composed of ethylene imine units -CH 2 CH 2 NH- and, where branched, the hydrogen on the nitrogen is replaced by another chain of ethylene imine units.
- Preferred alkoxylated polyethylenimines for use in the invention have a polyethyleneimine backbone of about 300 to about 10000 weight average molecular weight (M w ).
- the polyethyleneimine backbone may be linear or branched. It may be branched to the extent that it is a dendrimer.
- the alkoxylation may typically be ethoxylation or propoxylation, or a mixture of both.
- a nitrogen atom is alkoxylated
- a preferred average degree of alkoxylation is from 10 to 30, preferably from 15 to 25 alkoxy groups per modification.
- a preferred material is ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, with an average degree of ethoxylation being from 10 to 30, preferably from 15 to 25 ethoxy groups per ethoxylated nitrogen atom in the polyethyleneimine backbone.
- Another type of suitable anti-redeposition polymer for use in the invention includes cellulose esters and ethers, for example sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
- the overall level of anti-redeposition polymer when included, may range from 0.05 to 6%, more preferably from 0.1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- Soil release polymers help to improve the detachment of soils from fabric by modifying the fabric surface during washing.
- the adsorption of a SRP over the fabric surface is promoted by an affinity between the chemical structure of the SRP and the target fibre.
- SRPs for use in the invention may include a variety of charged (e.g. anionic) as well as non-charged monomer units and structures may be linear, branched or star-shaped.
- the SRP structure may also include capping groups to control molecular weight or to alter polymer properties such as surface activity.
- the weight average molecular weight (M w ) of the SRP may suitably range from about 1000 to about 20,000 and preferably ranges from about 1500 to about 10,000.
- SRPs for use in the invention may suitably be selected from copolyesters of dicarboxylic acids (for example adipic acid, phthalic acid or terephthalic acid), diols (for example ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) and polydiols (for example polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol).
- the copolyester may also include monomeric units substituted with anionic groups, such as for example sulfonated isophthaloyl units.
- oligomeric esters produced by transesterification/oligomerization of poly(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether, dimethyl terephthalate (“DMT”), propylene glycol (“PG”) and poly(ethyleneglycol) (“PEG”); partly- and fully-anionic-end-capped oligomeric esters such as oligomers from ethylene glycol ("EG”), PG, DMT and Na-3,6-dioxa-8-hydroxyoctanesulfonate; nonionic-capped block polyester oligomeric compounds such as those produced from DMT, Me-capped PEG and EG and/or PG, or a combination of DMT, EG and/or PG, Me-capped PEG and Na-dimethyl-5-sulfoisophthalate, and copolymeric blocks of ethylene terephthalate or propylene terephthalate with polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide terephthalate
- cellulosic derivatives such as hydroxyether cellulosic polymers, C 1 -C 4 alkylcelluloses and C 4 hydroxyalkyl celluloses
- Preferred SRPs for use in the invention include copolyesters formed by condensation of terephthalic acid ester and diol, preferably 1,2 propanediol, and further comprising an end cap formed from repeat units of alkylene oxide capped with an alkyl group. Examples of such materials have a structure corresponding to general formula (III):
- n, n and a are not necessarily whole numbers for the polymer in bulk.
- the overall level of SRP when included, may range from 0.1 to 10%, preferably from 0.3 to 7%, more preferably from 0.5 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- a detergent composition according to the invention may in some cases contain one or more fatty acids and/or salts thereof.
- Suitable fatty acids in the context of this invention include aliphatic carboxylic acids of formula RCOOH, where R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 6 to 24, more preferably 10 to 22, most preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 double bond.
- Preferred examples of such materials include saturated C12-18 fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid; and fatty acid mixtures in which 50 to 100% (by weight based on the total weight of the mixture) consists of saturated C12-18 fatty acids.
- Such mixtures may typically be derived from natural fats and/or optionally hydrogenated natural oils (such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil or tallow).
- the fatty acids may be present in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and/or in the form of soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
- Fatty acids and/or their salts when included, may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.25 to 5%, more preferably from 0.5 to 5%, most preferably from 0.75 to 4% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- fatty acids and/or their salts are not included in the level of surfactant or in the level of builder.
- a liquid detergent composition according to the invention may comprise one or more rheology modifiers.
- rheology modifiers include polymeric thickeners and/or structurants such as hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsion (HASE) copolymers.
- HASE copolymers for use in the invention include linear or crosslinked copolymers that are prepared by the addition polymerization of a monomer mixture including at least one acidic vinyl monomer, such as (meth)acrylic acid (i.e. methacrylic acid and/or acrylic acid); and at least one associative monomer.
- associative monomer in the context of this invention denotes a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated section (for addition polymerization with the other monomers in the mixture) and a hydrophobic section.
- a preferred type of associative monomer includes a polyoxyalkylene section between the ethylenically unsaturated section and the hydrophobic section.
- Preferred HASE copolymers for use in the invention include linear or crosslinked copolymers that are prepared by the addition polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid with (i) at least one associative monomer selected from linear or branched C 8 -C 40 alkyl (preferably linear C 12 -C 22 alkyl) polyethoxylated (meth)acrylates; and (ii) at least one further monomer selected from C 1 -C 4 alkyl (meth) acrylates, polyacidic vinyl monomers (such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride and/or salts thereof) and mixtures thereof.
- the polyethoxylated portion of the associative monomer (i) generally comprises about 5 to about 100, preferably about 10 to about 80, and more preferably about 15 to about 60 oxyethylene repeating units.
- Polymeric thickeners when included, may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- a liquid detergent composition according to the invention may also have its rheology modified by use of one or more external structurants which form a structuring network within the composition.
- external structurants include hydrogenated castor oil, microfibrous cellulose and citrus pulp fibre.
- the presence of an external structurant may provide shear thinning rheology and may also enable materials such as encapsulates and visual cues to be suspended stably in the liquid.
- a detergent composition according to the invention may comprise an effective amount of one or more enzymes selected from the group comprising, pectate lyase, protease, amylase, cellulase, lipase, mannanase and mixtures thereof.
- the enzymes are preferably present with corresponding enzyme stabilizers.
- a liquid detergent composition according to the invention preferably has a pH in the range of 5 to 9, more preferably 6 to 8, when measured on dilution of the composition to 1% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) using demineralised water.
- a detergent composition of the invention may contain further optional ingredients to enhance performance and/or consumer acceptability.
- ingredients include fragrance oils, foam boosting agents, preservatives (e.g. bactericides), antioxidants, sunscreens, anticorrosion agents, colorants, pearlisers and/or opacifiers, and shading dye.
- preservatives e.g. bactericides
- sunscreens e.g. bactericides
- anticorrosion agents colorants
- pearlisers and/or opacifiers e.g. opacifiers
- a detergent composition of the invention generally contains no more than 0.2%, preferably from 0 to 0.1%, more preferably from 0 to 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of transition metal ions selected from Fe (III), Co (II), Co (III), Mn (II), Mn (III), Ce (III), Ce (IV), Zn (II) and Bi (III) and mixtures thereof.
- a detergent composition of the invention generally contains no more than 0.2%, preferably no more than 0.1%, more preferably no more than 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of oxidising agents selected from halogen-based bleaches (e.g. alkali metal hypochlorites and alkali metal salts of di- and tri-chloro and di- and tri-bromo cyanuric acids), oxygen-based bleaches (e.g. sodium perborate (tetra-or monohydrate), sodium percarbonate and hydrogen peroxide) and mixtures thereof.
- halogen-based bleaches e.g. alkali metal hypochlorites and alkali metal salts of di- and tri-chloro and di- and tri-bromo cyanuric acids
- oxygen-based bleaches e.g. sodium perborate (tetra-or monohydrate), sodium percarbonate and hydrogen peroxide
- the detergent composition of the invention may be packaged as unit doses in polymeric film soluble in the wash water.
- the detergent composition of the invention may be supplied in multidose plastics packs with a top or bottom closure.
- a dosing measure may be supplied with the pack either as a part of the cap or as an integrated system.
- a method for the non-oxidative laundering of fabric stains using a detergent composition according to the invention comprises diluting a dose of the detergent composition to obtain a wash liquor and washing the stained fabric with the wash liquor so formed.
- the method may suitably be carried out in a top-loading or front-loading automatic washing machine or can be carried out by hand.
- the dose of detergent composition is typically put into a dispenser and from there it is flushed into the machine by the water flowing into the 5 machines, thereby forming the wash liquor.
- Dosages for a typical front-loading washing machine (using 10 to 15 litres of water to form the wash liquor) may range from about 10 ml to about 100 ml, preferably about 15 to 75 ml.
- Dosages for a typical top-loading washing machine (using from 40 to 60 litres of water to form the wash liquor) may be higher, e.g. 100 ml or more.
- Lower dosages of detergent e.g. 50 ml or less) may be 10 used for hand washing methods (using about 1 to 10 litres of water to form the wash liquor).
- a subsequent aqueous rinse step and drying the laundry is preferred. Any input of water during any optional rinsing step(s) is not included when determining the volume of the wash liquor. Laundry drying can take place either in an automatic dryer or in the open air.
- Liquid laundry detergent formulations were prepared by sequential mixing of the ingredients as shown in Table 1.
- compositions according to the invention are indicated by a number; and comparative examples (not according to the invention) are indicated by a letter.
- Table 1 Ingredient wt.% (active ingredient) Formulation Example A B C D 1 2 3 Glycerol 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Alcohol ethoxylate 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 LAS acid 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 TEA 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 Lauric acid 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 SLES 1 EO 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4
- the formulations were evaluated for their cleaning performance at 30°C using a Heraeus 12-pot Linitester to mimic the mechanical action of a front-loading automatic washing machine.
- Hard model wash water (a) was prepared by dissolving 0.235g calcium chloride dihydrate and 0.163g magnesium chloride hexahydrate into 1 litre of demineralised water to give 24° FH hardness and a 2:1 calcium to magnesium ratio.
- Hard, transition metal doped model wash water (b) was prepared by first dissolving 5.18 g of ammonium iron (III) sulphate dodecahydrate, 1.298 g of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate, 3.034 g of zinc sulphate heptahydrate and 0.111 g manganese sulphate monohydrate in 0.5 litres of demineralized water, then acidifying the solution to pH 1.0 by dropwise addition of concentrated sulfuric acid. 2.5 ml of the acidified solution was then added to 3 litres of hard model wash water (a), immediately prior to use.
- Test wash liquors were prepared by diluting 2.9 g of the selected test formulation in 1 litre of hard, transition metal doped water (b), and dosing a 100 ml aliquot of the test wash liquor into the Linitest pot. 2.0 cm x 2.0 cm swatches of black tea stained cotton and 20 cm x 20 cm swatches of unstained cotton ballast were placed into each Linitest pot. The pots were sealed and attached to the Linitester cradle and rotated at 40 rpm for 30 minutes at 30°C.
- the swatches were then removed from the pots and wrung out by hand to drain residual test wash liquor.
- the Linitest pots were rinsed and 100 ml of water was added.
- the swatches were returned to the pots and rinsed for 5 minutes.
- the swatches were then removed, wrung out and the rinse water drained and replaced with fresh water before returning the swatches to the pot and carrying out a second 5-minute rinse.
- the swatches were placed on laboratory paper towel and allowed to air dry in the open laboratory.
- SRI Stain Removal Index
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Abstract
The invention provides a detergent composition for the non-oxidative laundering of fabric stains, the composition comprising:
(a) from 0.1 to 10% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of (1,6-dihydroxy-1,6,6-triphosphonohexyl) phosphonic acid and/or a salt thereof; and
(b) from 3 to 80% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of one or more detersive surfactants.
(a) from 0.1 to 10% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of (1,6-dihydroxy-1,6,6-triphosphonohexyl) phosphonic acid and/or a salt thereof; and
(b) from 3 to 80% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of one or more detersive surfactants.
The invention also provides a method for the non-oxidative laundering of fabric stains, comprising diluting a dose of the detergent composition defined above to obtain a wash liquor, and washing the stained fabric with the wash liquor so formed.
Description
- The present invention relates to detergent compositions for the non-oxidative laundering of fabric stains.
- Significant efforts have been invested in recent years towards improving the washing performance of laundry detergents at low temperatures. Lifecycle studies show that the largest environmental impact of the laundry process is during the use phase, especially when the water of the main wash is heated. Consequently, a temperature reduction is a pivotal driver to improve the overall sustainability profile of the laundry process. Washing at cooler temperatures is also advisable for care of coloured and/or delicate fabrics.
- At the same time, environmental regulations are becoming more stringent in many countries, making it necessary for formulators to produce detergents that reduce potential negative impacts on wastewater and water ways, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
- As consumers move to lower wash temperatures and seek products with improved environmental credentials, the satisfactory removal of stains presents a continuing challenge. Stains are usually caused by molecules of coloured substances deposited on or in fibres or in residual soil. Highly coloured stains are particularly difficult to remove. They often originate from polyphenolic compounds, such as the natural flavonoids found in tea and red wine.
- Oxidizing bleaches such as peroxygen compounds have been used for the oxidative degradation and decolorisation of highly coloured stains. However, peroxygen compounds have reduced efficacy at lower temperatures and cannot generally be incorporated into liquid laundry detergents without storage stability problems. Oxidizing bleaches may also be unsuitable for prolonged or intensive use on coloured or delicate fabrics.
- Transition metal sequestrants have been used to improve stain removal at low temperatures. However, the most effective of these tend to be phosphorus-based compounds. It would be desirable to improve the weight efficiency of such materials.
- It is an object of the present invention to solve one or more of the above problems.
- The present invention provides a detergent composition for the non-oxidative laundering of fabric stains, the composition comprising:
- (a) from 0.1 to 10% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of (1,6-dihydroxy-1,6,6-triphosphonohexyl) phosphonic acid and/or a salt thereof; and
- (b) from 3 to 80% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of one or more detersive surfactants.
- The invention also provides a method for the non-oxidative laundering of fabric stains, comprising diluting a dose of the detergent composition defined above to obtain a wash liquor, and washing the stained fabric with the wash liquor so formed.
-
- Suitable salts for use in the invention include are those where one or more of the acidic hydrogen atoms in the molecule are replaced by an alkali metal cation such as sodium or potassium, or an ammoniacal counterion such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, (MEA) diethanolamine (DEA) or triethanolamine (TEA).
-
- Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
- The total amount of (1,6-dihydroxy-1,6,6-triphosphonohexyl) phosphonic acid and/or salt thereof in a composition of the invention preferably ranges from about 0.25 to 7.5%, more preferably from 0.5 to 6%, most preferably from 1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- The term "detergent composition" in the context of this invention denotes formulated compositions intended for and capable of wetting and cleaning domestic laundry such as clothing, linens and other household textiles. The term "linen" is often used to describe certain types of laundry items including bed sheets, pillow cases, towels, tablecloths, table napkins and uniforms. Textiles can include woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, and knitted fabrics; and can include natural or synthetic fibres such as silk fibres, linen fibres, cotton fibres, polyester fibres, polyamide fibres such as nylon, acrylic fibres, acetate fibres, and blends thereof including cotton and polyester blends.
- Examples of detergent compositions include heavy-duty detergents for use in the wash cycle of automatic washing machines, as well as fine wash and colour care detergents such as those suitable for washing delicate garments (e.g. those made of silk or wool) either by hand or in the wash cycle of automatic washing machines.
- The composition of the invention comprises inter alia from 3 to 80% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of one or more detersive surfactants (b).
- The term "detersive surfactant" in the context of this invention denotes a surfactant which provides a detersive (i.e. cleaning) effect to laundry treated as part of a domestic laundering process.
- The choice of detersive surfactant, and the amount present, will depend on the intended use of the detergent composition. For example, different surfactant systems may be chosen for hand-washing products and for products intended for use in different types of automatic washing machine. The total amount of detersive surfactant present will also depend on the intended end use. In compositions for machine washing of fabrics, an amount of from 5 to 40%, such as 15 to 35% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) is generally appropriate. Higher levels may be used in compositions for washing fabrics by hand, such as up to 60% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
- Preferred detersive surfactants may be selected from non-soap anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
- Non-soap anionic surfactants are principally used to facilitate particulate soil removal. Non-soap anionic surfactants for use in the invention are typically salts of organic sulfates and sulfonates having alkyl or alkenyl (preferably alkyl) groups containing from about 8 to about 22 (preferably from 10 to 18) carbon atoms, the terms "alkyl" and "alkenyl" being used to include the alkyl or alkenyl portions, respectively, of higher acyl groups. Examples of such materials include alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkaryl sulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates and mixtures thereof, in which the alkyl groups contain from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. The alkyl ether sulfates may contain from one to ten ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per molecule, and preferably contain one to three ethylene oxide units per molecule. The counterion for anionic surfactants is generally an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium; or an ammoniacal counterion such as monoethanolamine, (MEA) diethanolamine (DEA) or triethanolamine (TEA). Mixtures of such counterions may also be employed.
- A preferred class of non-soap anionic surfactant for use in the invention includes alkylbenzene sulfonates, particularly linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) with a linear alkyl group having an alkyl chain length of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. Commercial LAS is a mixture of closely related isomers and alkyl chain homologues, each containing an aromatic ring sulfonated at the "para" position and attached to a linear alkyl group at any position except the terminal carbons. The linear alkyl group typically has an alkyl chain length of from 11 to 15 carbon atoms, with the predominant materials having a chain length of about C12. Each alkyl chain homologue consists of a mixture of all the possible sulfophenyl isomers except for the 1-phenyl isomer. LAS is normally formulated into compositions in acid (i.e. HLAS) form and then at least partially neutralized in-situ.
- Also suitable are alkyl ether sulfates having a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 10 to 18, more preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms and containing an average of 1 to 3EO units per molecule. A preferred example is sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) in which the predominantly C12 lauryl alkyl group has been ethoxylated with an average of 3EO units per molecule.
- Some alkyl sulfate surfactant (PAS) may be used, such as non-ethoxylated primary and secondary alkyl sulphates with an alkyl group having an alkyl chain length of from 10 to 18.
- Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used. A preferred mixture of non-soap anionic surfactants for use in the invention comprises linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (preferably C11 to C15 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate) and sodium lauryl ether sulfate (preferably C10 to C18 alkyl sulfate ethoxylated with an average of 1 to 3 EO).
- In a detergent composition according to the invention, the total level of non-soap anionic surfactant may suitably range from 5 to 30% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- Nonionic surfactants may provide enhanced performance for removing very hydrophobic oily soil and for cleaning hydrophobic polyester and polyester/cotton blend fabrics. Nonionic surfactants for use in the invention are typically polyoxyalkylene compounds, i.e. the reaction product of alkylene oxides (such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide or mixtures thereof) with starter molecules having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom which is reactive with the alkylene oxide. Such starter molecules include alcohols, acids, amides or alkyl phenols. Where the starter molecule is an alcohol, the reaction product is known as an alcohol alkoxylate. The polyoxyalkylene compounds can have a variety of block and heteric (random) structures. For example, they can comprise a single block of alkylene oxide, or they can be diblock alkoxylates or triblock alkoxylates. Within the block structures, the blocks can be all ethylene oxide or all propylene oxide, or the blocks can contain a heteric mixture of alkylene oxides. Examples of such materials include aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates such as C8 to C18 primary or secondary linear or branched alcohol ethoxylates with an average of from 2 to 40 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
- A preferred class of nonionic surfactant for use in the invention includes aliphatic C8 to C18, more preferably C12 to C15 primary linear alcohol ethoxylates with an average of from 3 to 20, more preferably from 5 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
- Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
- In a detergent composition according to the invention, the total level of nonionic surfactant may suitably range from 0 to 25% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- A detergent composition of the invention may contain one or more cosurfactants (such as amphoteric (zwitterionic) and/or cationic surfactants) in addition to the non-soap anionic and/or nonionic detersive surfactants described above.
- Specific cationic surfactants include C8 to C18 alkyl dimethyl ammonium halides and derivatives thereof in which one or two hydroxyethyl groups replace one or two of the methyl groups, and mixtures thereof. Cationic surfactant, when included, may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- Specific amphoteric (zwitterionic) surfactants include alkyl amine oxides, alkyl betaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl sulfobetaines (sultaines), alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl amphoacetates, alkyl amphopropionates, alkylamphoglycinates, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaines, acyl taurates and acyl glutamates, having alkyl groups containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, the term "alkyl" being used to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl groups. Amphoteric (zwitterionic) surfactant, when included, may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- A detergent composition according to the invention may suitably be in liquid or particulate form, or a mixture thereof.
- The term "particulate" in the context of this invention denotes free-flowing or compacted solid forms such as powders, granules, pellets, flakes, bars, briquettes or tablets.
- One preferred form for a particulate detergent composition according to the invention is a free-flowing powdered solid, with a loose (unpackaged) bulk density generally ranging from about 200g/l to about 1,300 g/l, preferably from about 400 g/l to about 1,000 g/l, more preferably from about 500g/l to about 900 g/l.
- The detergent composition according to the invention is most preferably in liquid form.
- The term "liquid" in the context of this invention denotes that a continuous phase or predominant part of the composition is liquid, and that the composition is flowable at 15°C and above. Accordingly, the term "liquid" may encompass emulsions, suspensions, and compositions having flowable yet stiffer consistency, known as gels or pastes. The viscosity of the composition may suitably range from about 200 to about 10,000 mPa.s at 25°C at a shear rate of 21 sec-1. This shear rate is the shear rate that is usually exerted on the liquid when poured from a bottle. Pourable liquid compositions generally have a viscosity of from 200 to 2,500 mPa.s, preferably from 200 to 1500 mPa.s.
Liquid compositions which are pourable gels generally have a viscosity of from 1,500 mPa.s to 6,000 mPa.s, preferably from 1,500 mPa.s to 2,000 mPa.s. - A liquid detergent composition according to the invention may generally comprise from 5 to 95%, preferably from 10 to 90%, more preferably from 15 to 85% water (by weight based on the total weight of the composition). The composition may also incorporate non-aqueous carriers such as hydrotropes, co-solvents and phase stabilizers. Such materials are typically low molecular weight, water-soluble or water-miscible organic liquids such as C1 to C5 monohydric alcohols (such as ethanol and n- or i-propanol); C2 to C6 diols (such as monopropylene glycol and dipropylene glycol); C3 to C9 triols (such as glycerol); polyethylene glycols having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) ranging from about 200 to 600; C1 to C3 alkanolamines such as mono-, di- and triethanolamines; and alkyl aryl sulfonates having up to 3 carbon atoms in the lower alkyl group (such as the sodium and potassium xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene and isopropyl benzene (cumene) sulfonates).
- Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
- Non-aqueous carriers, when included in a liquid detergent composition according to the invention, may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 20%, preferably from 1 to 15%, and more preferably from 3 to 12% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- A detergent composition according to the invention may contain one or more builders. Builders enhance or maintain the cleaning efficiency of the surfactant, primarily by reducing water hardness. This is done either by sequestration or chelation (holding hardness minerals in solution), by precipitation (forming an insoluble substance), or by ion exchange (trading electrically charged particles).
- Builders for use in the invention can be of the organic or inorganic type, or a mixture thereof. Non-phosphate builders are preferred.
- Inorganic, non-phosphate builders for use in the invention include hydroxides, carbonates, silicates, zeolites, and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable hydroxide builders for use in the invention include sodium and potassium hydroxide.
- Suitable carbonate builders for use in the invention include mixed or separate, anhydrous or partially hydrated alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates or sesquicarbonates. Preferably the alkali metal is sodium and/or potassium, with sodium carbonate being particularly preferred.
- Suitable silicate builders include amorphous forms and/or crystalline forms of alkali metal (such as sodium) silicates. Preferred are crystalline layered sodium silicates (phyllosilicates) of the general formula (I)
NaMSixO2x+1.yH2O (I)
in which M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4, preferably 2 or 3 and y is a number from 0 to 20. Sodium disilicates of the above formula in which M is sodium and x is 2 are particularly preferred. Such materials can be prepared with different crystal structures, referred to as α, β, γ and δ phases, with δ-sodium disilicate being most preferred. - Zeolites are naturally occurring or synthetic crystalline aluminosilicates composed of (SiO4)4- and (AlO4)5- tetrahedra, which share oxygen-bridging vertices and form cage-like structures in crystalline form. The ratio between oxygen, aluminium and silicon is O:(Al + Si) = 2:1. The frameworks acquire their negative charge by substitution of some Si by Al. The negative charge is neutralised by cations and the frameworks are sufficiently open to contain, under normal conditions, mobile water molecules. Suitable zeolite builders for use in the invention may be defined by the general formula (II):
Nax[(AlO2)x(SiO2)y]·zH2O (II)
in which x and y are integers of at least 6, the molar ratio of x to y is in the range from about 1 to about 0.5, and z is an integer of at least 5, preferably from about 7.5 to about 276, more preferably from about 10 to about 264. - Preferred inorganic, non-phosphate builders for use in the invention may be selected from zeolites (of the general formula (II) defined above), sodium carbonate, δ-sodium disilicate and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable organic, non-phosphate builders for use in the invention include polycarboxylates, in acid and/or salt form. When utilized in salt form, alkali metal (e.g. sodium and potassium) or alkanolammonium salts are preferred. Specific examples of such materials include sodium and potassium citrates, sodium and potassium tartrates, the sodium and potassium salts of tartaric acid monosuccinate, the sodium and potassium salts of tartaric acid disuccinate, sodium and potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetates, sodium and potassium N(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine triacetates, sodium and potassium nitrilotriacetates and sodium and potassium N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-nitrilodiacetates. Polymeric polycarboxylates may also be used, such as polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids (e.g. acrylic, methacrylic, vinylacetic, and crotonic acids) and/or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (e.g. maleic, fumaric, itaconic, mesaconic and citraconic acids and their anhydrides). Specific examples of such materials include polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid, and copolymers of acrylic and maleic acid. The polymers may be in acid, salt or partially neutralised form and may suitably have a molecular weight (Mw) ranging from about 1,000 to 100,000, preferably from about 2,000 to about 85,000, and more preferably from about 2,500 to about 75,000.
- Preferred organic, non-phosphate builders for builders for use in the invention may be selected from polycarboxylates (e.g. citrates) in acid and/or salt form and mixtures thereof.
- Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
- Preferably the level of phosphate builders in a detergent composition of the invention is no more than 0.2%, preferably from 0 to 0.1%, more preferably from 0 to 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition). The term "phosphate builder" in the context of this invention denotes alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphate, orthophosphate, and/or metaphosphate (e.g. sodium tripolyphosphate).
- The overall level of builder, when included, may range from about 0.1 to about 80%, preferably from about 0.5 to about 50% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- In addition to the 1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonates (a) as described above, a detergent composition according to the invention may contain additional transition metal ion sequestrants. Specific examples of such materials include aminotris(methylene phosphonic acid) (ATMP), 1-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) and diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid (DTPMP) and their respective sodium or potassium salts. Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
- However, the level of such additional transition metal ion sequestrants in a detergent composition of the invention is typically no more than 0.2%, preferably from 0 to 0.1%, more preferably from 0 to 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- A particulate detergent composition of the invention may include one or more fillers to assist in providing the desired density and bulk to the composition. Suitable fillers for use in the invention may generally be selected from neutral salts with a solubility in water of at least 1 gram per 100 grams of water at 20° C; such as alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium chlorides, fluorides, acetates and sulfates and mixtures thereof. Preferred fillers for use in the invention include alkali metal (more preferably sodium and/or potassium) sulfates and chlorides and mixtures thereof, with sodium sulfate and/or sodium chloride being most preferred.
- Filler, when included, may be present in a total amount ranging from about 1 to about 80%, preferably from about 5 to about 50% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- A detergent composition according to the invention may include one or more polymeric cleaning boosters such as antiredeposition polymers, soil release polymers and mixtures thereof.
- Anti-redeposition polymers stabilise the soil in the wash solution thus preventing redeposition of the soil. Suitable anti-redeposition polymers for use in the invention include alkoxylated polyethyleneimines. Polyethyleneimines are materials composed of ethylene imine units -CH2CH2NH- and, where branched, the hydrogen on the nitrogen is replaced by another chain of ethylene imine units. Preferred alkoxylated polyethylenimines for use in the invention have a polyethyleneimine backbone of about 300 to about 10000 weight average molecular weight (Mw). The polyethyleneimine backbone may be linear or branched. It may be branched to the extent that it is a dendrimer. The alkoxylation may typically be ethoxylation or propoxylation, or a mixture of both. Where a nitrogen atom is alkoxylated, a preferred average degree of alkoxylation is from 10 to 30, preferably from 15 to 25 alkoxy groups per modification. A preferred material is ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, with an average degree of ethoxylation being from 10 to 30, preferably from 15 to 25 ethoxy groups per ethoxylated nitrogen atom in the polyethyleneimine backbone. Another type of suitable anti-redeposition polymer for use in the invention includes cellulose esters and ethers, for example sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
- Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
- The overall level of anti-redeposition polymer, when included, may range from 0.05 to 6%, more preferably from 0.1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- Soil release polymers help to improve the detachment of soils from fabric by modifying the fabric surface during washing. The adsorption of a SRP over the fabric surface is promoted by an affinity between the chemical structure of the SRP and the target fibre.
- SRPs for use in the invention may include a variety of charged (e.g. anionic) as well as non-charged monomer units and structures may be linear, branched or star-shaped. The SRP structure may also include capping groups to control molecular weight or to alter polymer properties such as surface activity. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the SRP may suitably range from about 1000 to about 20,000 and preferably ranges from about 1500 to about 10,000.
- SRPs for use in the invention may suitably be selected from copolyesters of dicarboxylic acids (for example adipic acid, phthalic acid or terephthalic acid), diols (for example ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) and polydiols (for example polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol). The copolyester may also include monomeric units substituted with anionic groups, such as for example sulfonated isophthaloyl units. Examples of such materials include oligomeric esters produced by transesterification/oligomerization of poly(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether, dimethyl terephthalate ("DMT"), propylene glycol ("PG") and poly(ethyleneglycol) ("PEG"); partly- and fully-anionic-end-capped oligomeric esters such as oligomers from ethylene glycol ("EG"), PG, DMT and Na-3,6-dioxa-8-hydroxyoctanesulfonate; nonionic-capped block polyester oligomeric compounds such as those produced from DMT, Me-capped PEG and EG and/or PG, or a combination of DMT, EG and/or PG, Me-capped PEG and Na-dimethyl-5-sulfoisophthalate, and copolymeric blocks of ethylene terephthalate or propylene terephthalate with polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide terephthalate
- Other types of SRP for use in the invention include cellulosic derivatives such as hydroxyether cellulosic polymers, C1-C4 alkylcelluloses and C4 hydroxyalkyl celluloses; polymers with poly(vinyl ester) hydrophobic segments such as graft copolymers of poly(vinyl ester), for example C1-C6 vinyl esters (such as poly(vinyl acetate)) grafted onto polyalkylene oxide backbones; poly(vinyl caprolactam) and related co-polymers with monomers such as vinyl pyrrolidone and/or dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate; and polyester-polyamide polymers prepared by condensing adipic acid, caprolactam, and polyethylene glycol.
- Preferred SRPs for use in the invention include copolyesters formed by condensation of terephthalic acid ester and diol, preferably 1,2 propanediol, and further comprising an end cap formed from repeat units of alkylene oxide capped with an alkyl group. Examples of such materials have a structure corresponding to general formula (III):
- in which R1 and R2 independently of one another are X-(OC2H4)n-(OC3H6)m;
- in which X is C1-4 alkyl and preferably methyl;
- n is a number from 12 to 120, preferably from 40 to 50;
- m is a number from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 7; and
- a is a number from 4 to 9.
- Because they are averages, m, n and a are not necessarily whole numbers for the polymer in bulk.
- Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
- The overall level of SRP, when included, may range from 0.1 to 10%, preferably from 0.3 to 7%, more preferably from 0.5 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- A detergent composition according to the invention may in some cases contain one or more fatty acids and/or salts thereof.
- Suitable fatty acids in the context of this invention include aliphatic carboxylic acids of formula RCOOH, where R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 6 to 24, more preferably 10 to 22, most preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 double bond. Preferred examples of such materials include saturated C12-18 fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid; and fatty acid mixtures in which 50 to 100% (by weight based on the total weight of the mixture) consists of saturated C12-18 fatty acids. Such mixtures may typically be derived from natural fats and/or optionally hydrogenated natural oils (such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil or tallow). The fatty acids may be present in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and/or in the form of soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
- Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
- Fatty acids and/or their salts, when included, may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.25 to 5%, more preferably from 0.5 to 5%, most preferably from 0.75 to 4% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- For formula accounting purposes, in the formulation, fatty acids and/or their salts (as defined above) are not included in the level of surfactant or in the level of builder.
- A liquid detergent composition according to the invention may comprise one or more rheology modifiers. Examples of such materials include polymeric thickeners and/or structurants such as hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsion (HASE) copolymers. Exemplary HASE copolymers for use in the invention include linear or crosslinked copolymers that are prepared by the addition polymerization of a monomer mixture including at least one acidic vinyl monomer, such as (meth)acrylic acid (i.e. methacrylic acid and/or acrylic acid); and at least one associative monomer. The term "associative monomer" in the context of this invention denotes a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated section (for addition polymerization with the other monomers in the mixture) and a hydrophobic section. A preferred type of associative monomer includes a polyoxyalkylene section between the ethylenically unsaturated section and the hydrophobic section. Preferred HASE copolymers for use in the invention include linear or crosslinked copolymers that are prepared by the addition polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid with (i) at least one associative monomer selected from linear or branched C8-C40 alkyl (preferably linear C12-C22 alkyl) polyethoxylated (meth)acrylates; and (ii) at least one further monomer selected from C1-C4 alkyl (meth) acrylates, polyacidic vinyl monomers (such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride and/or salts thereof) and mixtures thereof. The polyethoxylated portion of the associative monomer (i) generally comprises about 5 to about 100, preferably about 10 to about 80, and more preferably about 15 to about 60 oxyethylene repeating units.
- Mixtures of any of the above described materials may also be used.
- Polymeric thickeners, when included, may be present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- A liquid detergent composition according to the invention may also have its rheology modified by use of one or more external structurants which form a structuring network within the composition. Examples of such materials include hydrogenated castor oil, microfibrous cellulose and citrus pulp fibre. The presence of an external structurant may provide shear thinning rheology and may also enable materials such as encapsulates and visual cues to be suspended stably in the liquid.
- A detergent composition according to the invention may comprise an effective amount of one or more enzymes selected from the group comprising, pectate lyase, protease, amylase, cellulase, lipase, mannanase and mixtures thereof. The enzymes are preferably present with corresponding enzyme stabilizers.
- A liquid detergent composition according to the invention preferably has a pH in the range of 5 to 9, more preferably 6 to 8, when measured on dilution of the composition to 1% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) using demineralised water.
- A detergent composition of the invention may contain further optional ingredients to enhance performance and/or consumer acceptability. Examples of such ingredients include fragrance oils, foam boosting agents, preservatives (e.g. bactericides), antioxidants, sunscreens, anticorrosion agents, colorants, pearlisers and/or opacifiers, and shading dye. Each of these ingredients will be present in an amount effective to accomplish its purpose. Generally, these optional ingredients are included individually at an amount of up to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- A detergent composition of the invention generally contains no more than 0.2%, preferably from 0 to 0.1%, more preferably from 0 to 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of transition metal ions selected from Fe (III), Co (II), Co (III), Mn (II), Mn (III), Ce (III), Ce (IV), Zn (II) and Bi (III) and mixtures thereof.
- A detergent composition of the invention generally contains no more than 0.2%, preferably no more than 0.1%, more preferably no more than 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of oxidising agents selected from halogen-based bleaches (e.g. alkali metal hypochlorites and alkali metal salts of di- and tri-chloro and di- and tri-bromo cyanuric acids), oxygen-based bleaches (e.g. sodium perborate (tetra-or monohydrate), sodium percarbonate and hydrogen peroxide) and mixtures thereof.
- The detergent composition of the invention may be packaged as unit doses in polymeric film soluble in the wash water. Alternatively, the detergent composition of the invention may be supplied in multidose plastics packs with a top or bottom closure. A dosing measure may be supplied with the pack either as a part of the cap or as an integrated system.
- A method for the non-oxidative laundering of fabric stains using a detergent composition according to the invention comprises diluting a dose of the detergent composition to obtain a wash liquor and washing the stained fabric with the wash liquor so formed.
- The method may suitably be carried out in a top-loading or front-loading automatic washing machine or can be carried out by hand.
- In automatic washing machines, the dose of detergent composition is typically put into a dispenser and from there it is flushed into the machine by the water flowing into the 5 machines, thereby forming the wash liquor. Dosages for a typical front-loading washing machine (using 10 to 15 litres of water to form the wash liquor) may range from about 10 ml to about 100 ml, preferably about 15 to 75 ml. Dosages for a typical top-loading washing machine (using from 40 to 60 litres of water to form the wash liquor) may be higher, e.g. 100 ml or more. Lower dosages of detergent (e.g. 50 ml or less) may be 10 used for hand washing methods (using about 1 to 10 litres of water to form the wash liquor).
- A subsequent aqueous rinse step and drying the laundry is preferred. Any input of water during any optional rinsing step(s) is not included when determining the volume of the wash liquor. Laundry drying can take place either in an automatic dryer or in the open air.
- The invention will now be further described with reference to the following non-limiting Examples.
- All weight percentages are by weight based on total weight unless otherwise specified.
- Liquid laundry detergent formulations were prepared by sequential mixing of the ingredients as shown in Table 1.
- Compositions according to the invention are indicated by a number; and comparative examples (not according to the invention) are indicated by a letter.
Table 1 Ingredient wt.% (active ingredient) Formulation Example A B C D 1 2 3 Glycerol 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Alcohol ethoxylate 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 LAS acid 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 TEA 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 Lauric acid 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 SLES 1 EO 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 Preservative 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Sequestrant(1) - 0.5 1.0 1.5 - - - Sequestrant(2) - - - - 0.5 1.0 1.5 Water q.s. to 100 (1) Dequest®2010 (HEDP)
(2) (1,6-dihydroxy-1,6,6-triphosphonohexyl) phosphonic acid - The formulations were evaluated for their cleaning performance at 30°C using a Heraeus 12-pot Linitester to mimic the mechanical action of a front-loading automatic washing machine.
- Hard model wash water (a) was prepared by dissolving 0.235g calcium chloride dihydrate and 0.163g magnesium chloride hexahydrate into 1 litre of demineralised water to give 24° FH hardness and a 2:1 calcium to magnesium ratio.
- Hard, transition metal doped model wash water (b) was prepared by first dissolving 5.18 g of ammonium iron (III) sulphate dodecahydrate, 1.298 g of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate, 3.034 g of zinc sulphate heptahydrate and 0.111 g manganese sulphate monohydrate in 0.5 litres of demineralized water, then acidifying the solution to pH 1.0 by dropwise addition of concentrated sulfuric acid. 2.5 ml of the acidified solution was then added to 3 litres of hard model wash water (a), immediately prior to use.
- Test wash liquors were prepared by diluting 2.9 g of the selected test formulation in 1 litre of hard, transition metal doped water (b), and dosing a 100 ml aliquot of the test wash liquor into the Linitest pot. 2.0 cm x 2.0 cm swatches of black tea stained cotton and 20 cm x 20 cm swatches of unstained cotton ballast were placed into each Linitest pot. The pots were sealed and attached to the Linitester cradle and rotated at 40 rpm for 30 minutes at 30°C.
- The swatches were then removed from the pots and wrung out by hand to drain residual test wash liquor. The Linitest pots were rinsed and 100 ml of water was added. The swatches were returned to the pots and rinsed for 5 minutes. The swatches were then removed, wrung out and the rinse water drained and replaced with fresh water before returning the swatches to the pot and carrying out a second 5-minute rinse. The swatches were placed on laboratory paper towel and allowed to air dry in the open laboratory.
- The extent of black tea stain removal was measured by making diffuse reflectance measurements using a spectrometer, and expressed as the Stain Removal Index (SRI), defined as:
SRI = 100 - ΔE, where ΔE is the difference in colour of the stained cloth compared to an unstained cloth. - A higher SRI value indicates cleaner swatches. Three replicate swatches were measured for each test wash liquor. The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Formulation used in test wash liquor SRI A (control) 83.39 ± 0.26 B 86.83 ± 0.28 C 87.45 ± 0.14 D 86.94 ± 0.12 1 87.45 ± 0.22 2 87.52 ± 0.10 3 88.06 ± 0.09 - The testing was repeated using the same protocol, but with red wine stained cotton swatches in place of the black tea stained cotton swatches. The results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Formulation used in test wash liquor SRI A (control) 90.08 ± 0.19 B 92.46 ± 0.15 C 91.89 ± 0.42 D 92.24 ± 0.59 1 92.98 ± 0.30 2 93.06 ± 0.31 3 93.62 ± 0.35 - The results show that Examples 1 to 3 according to the invention (with (1,6-dihydroxy-1,6,6-triphosphonohexyl) phosphonic acid) provide superior performance on the black tea and red wine stains compared to the comparative examples B to D (with Dequest®2010).
Claims (8)
- A detergent composition for the non-oxidative laundering of fabric stains, the composition comprising:(a) from 0.1 to 10% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of (1,6-dihydroxy-1,6,6-triphosphonohexyl) phosphonic acid and/or a salt thereof; and(b) from 3 to 80% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of one or more detersive surfactants.
- A composition according to claim 1, in which the salt of (1,6-dihydroxy-1,6,6-triphosphonohexyl) phosphonic acid is selected from those where one or more of the acidic hydrogen atoms in the molecule are replaced by an alkali metal or ammoniacal cation.
- A composition according to claim 2, in which the salt of (1,6-dihydroxy-1,6,6-triphosphonohexyl) phosphonic acid is selected from those where one or more of the acidic hydrogen atoms in the molecule are replaced by sodium.
- A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the total amount of (1,6-dihydroxy-1,6,6-triphosphonohexyl) phosphonic acid and/or salt thereof ranges from 1 to 5% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition).
- A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the one or more detersive surfactants (b) are selected from non-soap anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
- A composition according to any preceding claim which contains no more than 0.2%, preferably from 0 to 0.1%, more preferably from 0 to 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of transition metal ions selected from Fe (III), Co (II), Co (III), Mn (II), Mn (III), Ce (III), Ce (IV), Zn (II) and Bi (III) and mixtures thereof.
- A composition according to any preceding claim which contains no more than 0.2%, preferably no more than 0.1%, more preferably no more than 0.01% and most preferably 0% (by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of oxidising agents selected from halogen-based bleaches (e.g. alkali metal hypochlorites and alkali metal salts of di- and tri-chloro and di- and tri-bromo cyanuric acids),oxygen-based bleaches (e.g. sodium perborate (tetra-or monohydrate), sodium percarbonate and hydrogen peroxide) and mixtures thereof.
- A method for the non-oxidative laundering of fabric stains, comprising diluting a dose of the detergent composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7 to obtain a wash liquor, and washing the stained fabric with the wash liquor so formed.
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US3584035A (en) * | 1967-12-27 | 1971-06-08 | Procter & Gamble | Aliphatic vicinal polyphosphonic acids,lower alkyl esters,water soluble salts thereof and process for preparing same |
EP0001853A1 (en) * | 1977-11-07 | 1979-05-16 | THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY | Detergent compositions having improved bleaching effect |
GB1596756A (en) * | 1977-04-22 | 1981-08-26 | Procter & Gamble Ltd | Detergent compositions |
-
2018
- 2018-11-07 EP EP18205044.3A patent/EP3650525A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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US3584035A (en) * | 1967-12-27 | 1971-06-08 | Procter & Gamble | Aliphatic vicinal polyphosphonic acids,lower alkyl esters,water soluble salts thereof and process for preparing same |
GB1596756A (en) * | 1977-04-22 | 1981-08-26 | Procter & Gamble Ltd | Detergent compositions |
EP0001853A1 (en) * | 1977-11-07 | 1979-05-16 | THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY | Detergent compositions having improved bleaching effect |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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JEAN-PAUL SILVESTRE ET AL: "SYNTHÈSE ET ÉTUDE STRUCTURALE D'ACIDES DIHYDROXYTÉTRAPHOSPHONIQUES ET DE SELS DE CES ACIDES. III: UN CAS D'ISOMORPHISME ENTRE LE SEL DE POTASSIUM ET L'ACIDE 1,6-DIHYDROXYHEXYLIDÈNE-1,1,6,6-TÉTRAPHOSPHONIQUE (DHHTP) HYDRATÉ", PHOSPHORUS, SULFUR AND SILICON AND THE RELATED ELEMENTS, vol. 170, no. 1, 27 March 2001 (2001-03-27), US, pages 91 - 113, XP055572222, ISSN: 1042-6507, DOI: 10.1080/10426500108040588 * |
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