EP3533945A1 - Brandbekämpfende wärmebarrierenbalkonhalterung - Google Patents
Brandbekämpfende wärmebarrierenbalkonhalterung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3533945A1 EP3533945A1 EP19160421.4A EP19160421A EP3533945A1 EP 3533945 A1 EP3533945 A1 EP 3533945A1 EP 19160421 A EP19160421 A EP 19160421A EP 3533945 A1 EP3533945 A1 EP 3533945A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- balcony
- fire
- fixing plate
- connection system
- building
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003522 acrylic cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/003—Balconies; Decks
- E04B1/0038—Anchoring devices specially adapted therefor with means for preventing cold bridging
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
Definitions
- the present specification relates to fire stopping thermal break balcony bracket, that is, a bracket for bolting a balcony frame structure to a building which provides a thermal break and resists the spread of fire.
- the balcony may also predominantly comprise a concrete slab; in this design, reinforcing bars may run between the concrete slab of the main building floor and the concrete slab of the balcony. Since the edge of the concrete slab of the balcony and the edge of the concrete building floor face each other for the length of the balcony, it is common to include a fire-resistant layer between the two concrete slabs, such as shown in WO 2017/158123 (PLAKABETON).
- the balcony system is a balcony structure formed often formed from a welded steel or aluminium frame, in this case it is not possible for re-enforcing bars to run into the balcony structure and so the balcony is attached by means of bolting to a bracket that is itself attached to the concrete slab floor of the main building.
- This bracket usually includes a thermal break.
- Thermal break brackets are brackets used to fix cantilevered balconies to buildings which include a thermal break to reduce undesirable heat loss/gains caused by the balcony structure existing outside the building. Without a thermal break, the balcony structure can act as a conductor to transmit unwanted heat or cold from the environment into the concrete structure and hence into the habitable spaces in the building resulting in loss of heating/cooling efficiency (and consequently excessive energy use) and often also condensation. This is a commonly used design solution. However, developments in technology put additional strain on this solution: Developments in concrete and re-enforcement design mean that it is possible to meet demands of cost and design restrictions of the concrete slab or steel frame making up the building structure by utilising thinner concrete and steel thicknesses
- KR20160142470 CHEONGWON CHEMICAL CO LTD
- KR20160116616 MOKPO NAT UNIV INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA COOP GROUP
- JP2017169180A shows a fire rated column to support a balcony.
- This column exists to support the balcony by providing vertical support, however this invention does not address the cantilevered balcony type. Also, this is fire rated (meaning that it is intended to maintain its structural performance in a fire for a given period of time), but it does not provide or contribute to a fire barrier which would help prevent the spread of fire up the façade of the building.
- Fire Rated generally applies to something which has a given level of fire resistance (i.e. it can maintain its structural performance for a given period or time under the relevant standard test conditions).
- a Fire Barrier is a device or material which provides a resistance to help prevent the spread of fire, usually within a cavity in the building envelope, to prevent the spread of fire for a given period of time under the relevant test conditions.
- CA2971211 (DOW CORNING) describes a thermal break for an anchor (though not specifically for balconies) but considers fire rating performance only to the extent that it describes how it will fail in the event of fire.
- the object of the present invention is to provide connection system for attachments to buildings that both provides a fire barrier, providing fire integrity of at least 120mins, i.e preventing the spread of fire up the building cavity (as illustrated by the BS8414 test) and has good thermal insulation qualities for metal bolted-on balconies.
- the present invention is unsuitable for concrete balconies, as a concrete to concrete connection requires an alternative design constituting re-enforcing bars which are cast into the concerete slab and also cast into the concrete of the balcony.
- a bracket comprising generally the fixing plate and the fire insulation material, is provided to conveniently attach a balcony such as a metal balcony to a concrete slab of a building structure, while also providing a fire resistant barrier.
- references to the terms forward and front are used herein to designate the frame of reference of an observer facing the balcony from outside the building, and references to the terms rear and rearwards are to be similarly interpreted.
- the bracket 4 comprises an insulation block 4.1, and a back plate 4.3.
- the insulation 4.1 provides both a thermal break and continuity of the fire barrier, due to being made from a material that can withstand very high temperatures. This is made predominantly from ceramic or stone fibres, perhaps including an acrylic adhesive layer and graphite filler and is commercially available.
- the insulation 4.1 and the back plate 4.3 are both similarly shaped when considered from the front elevation, each side having two outwardly projecting ledges 10, 11 at the same height, so that the width (i.e. the horizontal distance between the side edges 12, 13) of the upper section of the insulation 4.1 and the back plate 4.3 is smaller than the width (i.e. the horizontal distance between the side edges 14, 15) of the lower section.
- the ledges 10, 11 are horizontal, while the side edges 12, 13, 14, 15 are vertical.
- the distance each edge 10, 11 projects horizontally is the same on both sides.
- the bracket 4 also includes through bores 18 through which upper and lower longitudinal re-enforcement bars 4.4 pass. These longitudinal re-enforcement bars 4.4 extend backwards from the bracket 4 to into the concrete slab forming a floor of the building and a common feature of concrete formed structures; a small length of the longitudinal re-enforcement bars 4.4 extends forward from the bracket 4 to provide fixing points 4.2. These are threaded fixing points are made from stainless steel, to which the balcony stubs 5 are bolted. Four longitudinal re-enforcement bars 4.4 are shown here, but the number may of course be varied.
- the bracket 4 may also include bent re-enforcement bars 4.5.
- These re-enforcement bars are approximately z shaped, with two parallel outer sections joined by a central section, the angle between the outer sections and the central section being approximately 45 degrees; these bent re-enforcement bars 4.5 are also a common feature of cast concrete building sections.
- Each bent re-enforcement bars 4.5 is situated in the insulation 4.1 so that a single outer section extends through the back plate 4.3, parallel to the longitudinal re-enforcement bars 4.4.
- the back plate 4.3 includes apertures to accommodate the bent re-enforcement bars 4.5.
- bent re-enforcement bars 4.5 are welded to the upper and lower re-enforcement bars 4.4 respectively so as to resist shear force between the upper and lower re-enforcement bars 4.4.
- Two bent re-enforcement bars 4.5 are shown here, though the number may of course be varied.
- the bracket is cast into the concrete slab 1, being secured by casting-in the re-enforcement bars 4.4 and 4.5.
- the back plate 4.3 abuts the concrete slab 1 in order to locate the bracket correctly against the concrete slab 1.
- Diagonal bracing links may also be included.
- the concrete slab 1 forms the floor slab between levels of the building. This also forms the abutment for the fire barrier.
- the bracket 4 is placed against the edge of the concrete slab 1 with the longitudinal re-enforcement bars 4.4 extending through the apertures of the back plate 4.3 and insulation 4.1, the back plate 4.3 locating the bracket 4 flat against the concrete slab 1.
- a fire barrier 2 is positioned against the edge of the concrete slab 1, either side of the bracket 4, the fire barrier 2 being in two pieces.
- the fire barrier 2 locates against and abuts the side edges 12, 13 of the upper section of the insulation 4.1 and fire barrier 2, and rests upon the ledges 10, 11 of the insulation 4.1 and back plate 4.3.
- the step provided by the ledges 10, 11 creates a stepped joint between the insulation and the fire barrier such that any discrepancies in installation do not create gaps in the fire barrier.
- the fire barrier 2 may be formed of commercially available proprietary fire break material, and usually providing at least 60 minutes of fire resistance, and typically higher values such as 90 minutes or 120 minutes under the relevant test conditions, depending on the building design.
- the fire barrier 2 and the insulation 4.1 can be secured together with the aid of commercially available stainless steelspikes, usually provided as part of the fire barrier system and are designed for this purpose. This assists the abutment of the fire-break to the balcony bracket, the support spike or spikes ideally penetrate both insulating materials to hold them tightly together.
- a smoke barrier 3 comprising a foil tape is placed over the upper side of the bracket 4, extended also some distance over the fire barrier 2 so that the interface between the bracket 4 and the fire barrier 2 is sealed against the passage of smoke.
- This is a commercially available product usually from the Fire Barrier supplier.
- the smoke barrier 3 may be joined to the bracket 4 and fire barrier 2 by adhesive, and may join the bracket 4 and fire barrier 2, either alone or in conjunction with the spikes between the bracket 4 and fire barrier 2.
- a balcony stub 5 is attached to the bracket 4 using the fixing points 4.2.
- a balcony stub 5 is a common component for bridging a cavity and providing alignment for the balcony, and is designed to allow adjustment in order to take up tolerance in the installation; it is typically fabricated to suit the project from welded steel sections.
- the balcony stub 5 is modified to include steel web features 16 which abut tightly to the fire break 2 in order to prevent any openings which fire could break through. This also facilitates the fitment of further smoke barrier 3 or other sealing medium if needed.
- the balcony stub 5 comprises a first plate 22, separated by a second plate 20 by a shaft 23.
- the shaft 23 also provides web features 16 which comprise fins that extends laterally from the shaft 23, so that the cavity formed when the balcony stub 5 extends through the building façade is divided by the shaft 23 and the web features 16 to provide a fire break.
- the first plate 22 includes apertures 24 (typically four apertures) for connection to the bracket 4 using the fixing points 4.2, here shown capped with nuts 25.
- the second plate 20 includes apertures 26 for attachments to the balcony.
- the bracket in use, is installed in the concrete slab 1 and the fire barrier 2 is installed, ensuring that the fire barrier 2 abuts tightly to the insulation of the bracket 4.1, and the concrete slab 1.
- the fire barrier 2 thus provides a barrier within the cavity between the building structure edge and the exterior facade.
- the exterior façade can be of the many typical forms used depending on the design of the building, and may include brick, aluminium panels, composite panels, concrete panels, glass panels, timber etc.
- the smoke barrier 3 is not here shown in figure 9 ; the use of the smoke barrier may not be necessary for all requirements.
- a waterproof membrane will usually be installed down the façade lining and around the bracket also. After which the balcony stub 5 is installed and sealed to the fire barrier 2, followed by the façade finish 6.
- the fire barrier 2 In a traditional cavity it is important that the fire barrier 2 abuts tightly to the inside of the façade in order to prevent any openings for fire to break through.
- a balcony may now be attached to the balcony stubs 5 so installed in the conventional manner.
- the brackets can be used in pairs, but usually with more than two to secure a cantilevered balcony to the building structure 1.
- the outer face of the insulating material can be coated with an intumescent material so that it expands to fill the cavity in the event of fire.
- the bracket 4 and balcony stub 5 may be used to attach other fittings to the building.
- the fire barrier 2 does not fully fill the cavity but instead a ventilation gap is allowed.
- the fire barrier 2 includes an intumescent material designed to expand and fill this gap in the event of fire.
- the bracket 4 can therefore be cast into the concrete floor structure of the building, bridging the cavity to the façade with a fire barrier within itself.
- This bracket 4 provides fixings 4.2 for the balcony stub 5, to which the cantilevered balcony can in turn be fixed.
- a cantilevered balcony will typically require two or more brackets depending on the size, shape and weight of the balcony design for the building.
- the fire barrier 2 within the bracket consists of an insulant, in one embodiment made predominantly from mineral or ceramic fibre, adhered with acrylic adhesive and graphite filler may be used.
- the primary advantage of the system is that it enables continuity of the horizontal fire barrier with one material in the cavity through the balcony bracket, where previously this was not possible. In practice this gives a number of desirable outcomes:
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB1803330.8A GB201803330D0 (en) | 2018-03-01 | 2018-03-01 | Fire stopping thermal break balcony bracket |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3533945A1 true EP3533945A1 (de) | 2019-09-04 |
Family
ID=61903463
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19160421.4A Pending EP3533945A1 (de) | 2018-03-01 | 2019-03-01 | Brandbekämpfende wärmebarrierenbalkonhalterung |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3533945A1 (de) |
| GB (2) | GB201803330D0 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2575498A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2020-01-15 | Blackwood Benjamin | Universal concrete slab edge assembly |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0892118A1 (de) * | 1997-07-19 | 1999-01-20 | SCHÖCK BAUTEILE GmbH | Bauelement zur Wärmedämmung |
| EP2039839A2 (de) * | 2007-09-24 | 2009-03-25 | Acertec Construction Products Limited | Wärmebarriereanordnungen für Bauelemente |
| DE102015016450A1 (de) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-22 | Frank Herrmann | Vorrichtung zum Anschließen eines auskragenden Bauteils, insbesondere eines Balkons oder eines Vordachs, sowie ein diese Vorrichtung verwendendes Bauteil |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101676951B1 (ko) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-11-16 | 목포대학교산학협력단 | 철골구조 발코니용 열교차단장치와 이를 이용한 발코니 시공방법 |
| GB2563085A (en) * | 2017-06-03 | 2018-12-05 | Insula Ltd | Connection and alignment of building elements |
-
2018
- 2018-03-01 GB GBGB1803330.8A patent/GB201803330D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2019
- 2019-03-01 EP EP19160421.4A patent/EP3533945A1/de active Pending
- 2019-03-01 GB GB1902833.1A patent/GB2573385B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0892118A1 (de) * | 1997-07-19 | 1999-01-20 | SCHÖCK BAUTEILE GmbH | Bauelement zur Wärmedämmung |
| EP2039839A2 (de) * | 2007-09-24 | 2009-03-25 | Acertec Construction Products Limited | Wärmebarriereanordnungen für Bauelemente |
| DE102015016450A1 (de) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-22 | Frank Herrmann | Vorrichtung zum Anschließen eines auskragenden Bauteils, insbesondere eines Balkons oder eines Vordachs, sowie ein diese Vorrichtung verwendendes Bauteil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2573385B (en) | 2022-03-09 |
| GB201803330D0 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
| GB2573385A (en) | 2019-11-06 |
| GB201902833D0 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
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