EP3516290A1

EP3516290A1 - Lighting device for a vehicle

Info

Publication number: EP3516290A1
Application number: EP17771430.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Matthias Cumme; Arnaud Deparnay
Original assignee: Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH
Current assignee: Jenoptik AG
Priority date: 2016-09-23
Filing date: 2017-09-20
Publication date: 2019-07-31
Anticipated expiration: 2037-09-20
Also published as: US20190271446A1; CN109790964A; EP3516290C0; DE102016117967A1; WO2018054986A1; US10816155B2; EP3516290B1; DE102016117967B4; CN109790964B

Abstract

The invention relates to lighting devices for vehicles, for example headlights or tail lights. Basically any lighting characteristic for the lighting device which provides a large degree of freedom in terms of design is provided by means of a refractive diffuser (50).

Description

Description Lighting device for a vehicle

The present application relates to lighting devices for vehicles, such as lights, taillights, brake lights or turn signals insertable lighting devices.

In modern lighting devices of vehicles, such as motor vehicles, used light sources such as light emitting diodes, white light diodes, laser diodes or laser light excited phosphor targets offer due to their spectral properties and compared to conventional incandescent lamps significantly improved Kollimalseigenschaften an extension of the application potential of such light sources, on the other hand they require but also adapted optical concepts to meet, for example, requirements of the legislation for lighting equipment in vehicles.

So it is for example by the point light source properties of the current

Front headlamps used systems made of laser diodes and phosphor targets possible to illuminate a roadway up to 600 meters wide. However, in the dimming case, the cut-off line would be too sharp for such light sources, so that, for example, a different type of light source must be required for the dipped beam. In taillights increasingly used light emitting diodes, in particular red

Although performance LEDs, allow new styling concepts, but the

Abstrahlcharakteristik such LEDs have an adverse effect on visibility over a large angular range. However, visibility over a certain minimum angle range is required, for example in ECE R7.

At the same time, there is a trend to observe that vehicle lights are increasingly used as stylistic means. For example, characteristic light signatures are used in vehicle taillights. At the same time there are increasingly sharply defined boundary conditions with regard to installation space and arrangement on the vehicle, for example, in order to make maximum use of a loading space width. To circumvent the limitations mentioned in the examples mentioned, or those of the legislator and the vehicle design To meet the required boundary conditions, often strongly adapted optical concepts are necessary. Classically, here are mirrors, prisms and macroscopic

Scattering structures used to realize desired lighting devices. Examples of lighting devices which achieve special optical effects by means of light emitting diodes are, for example, from FR 2 995 978, US Pat. No. 9,091,407 B1, EP 07 020 676 A1, EP 2 336 632 A1, WO 201 1/1 13937 A1 , US 2013/0010487 A1, or US 2014/0085916 A1. Light emitting diode rear lights of a vehicle known from such publications show a 3D effect by multiple reflection in a mirror system comprising a partially transparent mirror and a mirror with substantially 100% reflection. A light source used comprises a compilation of various

Light-emitting diodes in a compact housing. The shape of this housing provides an optical shape that is reflected several times. An example of such a conventional device is shown in Figs. 1, 2A and 2B.

In Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a lighting device 10 is shown, which as

Rear light can serve for a motor vehicle. The lighting device 10 comprises in a housing 12 rectangular arranged light-emitting diodes 13, which a

Light emission structure 14 is associated with the directed light output in the form of a rectangle. In addition, the lighting device 10 comprises a substantially 100% reflective mirror 15 and a partially reflecting mirror 16. As shown by exemplary light beams 17, the light emitted from the light emitting diodes 13 is reflected several times, so that light corresponding to the shape of the light emitter 14 through the partially reflecting mirror 16 is issued several times.

Figures 2A and 2B illustrate the effect achievable thereby for two

different viewing positions. In Fig. 2A, the lighting device 10 is viewed as symbolized by an eye 22 centered. Here are as light signatures 20 more

perceived symmetrically nested rectangles, wherein by the

Multiple reflection decreases a luminous intensity of the rectangles from outside to inside. In a viewing offset from a central axis, as shown in FIG. 2B and symbolized by an eye 23, the luminous signature, designated 21, results in which the inner rectangles are displaced. Thus, as it were, a three-dimensional viewing effect can be generated. This conventional solution has several disadvantages. On the one hand, the lighting device is a real housing with a certain extent. The available space in the light fixture, the manufacturing requirements and the desired shape complexity quickly push the limits. In addition, multiple light sources, such as LEDs (for example, about 30 light-emitting diodes) is required to generate a continuous rectangular shape. In addition, the light intensity within each rectangle is uniformly bright. A modulation of the light intensity within a single rectangle or another form can be produced only with great effort.

Other concepts that work with conventional elements such as mirrors, prisms and macroscopic scattering structures are also reaching their limits when complex

Boundary conditions such as contemplation-dependent luminous signatures, luminous signatures with a certain intensity distribution and defined projection plane or complex illumination structures under a boundary condition stronger

Space reduction are required.

In addition, it is very desirable to keep the manufacturing costs for lighting devices as low as possible and in particular to allow easy mass production.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide lighting devices for vehicles, in which the problems described above can be wholly or partially resolved or at least mitigated. For this purpose, a lighting device according to claim 1 is provided. The subclaims define further embodiments.

According to the invention, a lighting device is provided, comprising: a light source, and a refractive diffuser for generating a light signature based on light from the light source.

The refractive diffuser can be a refractive diffuser with achromatic properties. By using a refractive diffuser, a large design freedom for the lighting device can be achieved with a relatively small space. In addition, a refractive indicates In contrast to diffractive diffusers, diffuses no zeroth diffraction order, which avoids the occurrence of undesirable light effects due to the zeroth diffraction order.

A refractive diffuser is a per se known component which has refractive properties on a surface. Refractive diffusers are understood to mean diffusers with smooth surface profile shapes that contain no discontinuities and whose properties are dominated by the refraction of light. Typically, such diffusers have a wave-optically calculated, "smooth" "freeform surface" with statistical

Surface profile on. With such a diffuser, those from any location, e.g. a surface of the diffuser (the location can be indicated by coordinates x, y) emitted light waves in their entirety the desired luminous signature. The structures on the diffuser are thus determined in such a way that the luminous signature in particular results in the form of a geometrically defined luminous distribution. The calculation of such structures, also referred to as continuous or refractive phase elements, is described, for example, in J. Neauport et al., Applied Optics, Vol. 13, pages 2377 ff or in K.-H. Brenner et al., Diffractive Optics and Microoptics (DOMO) 2000: Conference Edition; OSA Technical Digest, pages 237 et seq., ISBN 1 - 55752-635-4. Achromatic properties of such elements are described in M. Cumme and A. Deparnay, Advanced Optical Technologies, Vol. 4, Issue 1, pages 47-61. These are based on a special blend of diffractive and refractive properties, using an opposite angular dispersion to compensate for chromatic errors.

Refractive diffusers with achromatic properties are therefore described in this publication. These avoid due to their special surface structure, the occurrence of a zeroth diffraction order and have in addition to their achromatic properties, a high efficiency and are therefore well suited for lighting devices for vehicles.

Under a luminous signature is the perceived manifestation of the light to understand in the operation of the lighting device, which may in particular have a geometrically defined light distribution.

The light source may be, for example, a light emitting diode and / or a laser diode, e.g. in

Combination with a phosphorus target. As a result, an inexpensive provision of a light source of sufficient coherence is possible. The refractive diffuser may be configured to generate the luminous signature with an inhomogeneous intensity distribution. Such intensity distributions result in an additional degree of freedom in the design of luminous signatures. The luminous signature may include, for example, a rectangular shape, a cross shape and / or a boomerang shape. But it can also be more complicated forms such as star shapes or

nested intensity patterns are generated. So there are different shapes possible, which results in a great freedom of design. The refractive diffuser can also be arranged so that the light signature in

Dependence on a viewing direction changes. As a result, further optical effects are possible.

The lighting device may further comprise at least one mirror for deflecting light from the light source.

By combining with a mirror, light from a light source can in particular be directed several times and / or with a desired focus through the diffuser. The refractive diffuser and a mirror of the at least one mirror may be integrally formed as a component. So a cost-effective production is possible.

The mirror may comprise a first mirror and a partially reflecting second mirror which are arranged to generate a plurality of partial light beams and direct them to the refractive diffuser. In such an arrangement with multiple reflection, in particular several images of the luminous signature can be generated.

The refractive diffuser may be configured to generate a virtual image of the luminous signature in a plane between the diffuser and the light source or to be configured to generate the virtual image in the plane of the light source. In other embodiments, a real image can be generated in particular between a luminous outlet surface of the lighting device and a viewer.

The at least one mirror may also include a concave mirror for condensing light from the light source. With a concave mirror, a focal plane or a location of a real image to be generated can be defined.

The lighting device may e.g. be designed as a tail light or as a headlight. The invention can thus be used for different lighting directions of a vehicle.

For better understanding, exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional lighting device,

FIGS. 2A and 2B show examples of luminous signatures of the luminous device of FIG. 1 in different viewing directions; FIG. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a luminous device according to FIG

Embodiment,

FIGS. 4A and 4B are illustrations for illustrating schematic refractive diffusers;

FIGS. 5A and 5B show illustrations of a lighting device according to an exemplary embodiment, and FIGS. 5C and 5D show corresponding light signatures,

Figures 6A and 6B representations of a lighting device according to another

Embodiment,

7 shows an illustration of a lighting device according to a further exemplary embodiment,

8 shows an illustration of a lighting device according to a further exemplary embodiment,

9 is a representation of a possible luminous signature of the device of Fig. 8,

10 is an illustration of a portion of a refractive diffuser usable in the apparatus of FIG. 8; Fig. 1 1 is an illustration of a lighting device according to a further embodiment, and

12A-12C is an illustration for explaining luminance signatures depending on a viewing direction.

In the following, various embodiments will now be explained in detail. This detailed description is not to be construed as limiting. In particular, a description of an embodiment having a plurality of features, components or details is not to be construed as including all of these features, components and features

Implementation details are necessary. Variations and modifications described for one of the embodiments are also applicable to other embodiments unless otherwise specified. Characteristics of different

Embodiments may also be combined with each other to further

To form embodiments.

3 shows a schematic representation of a lighting device 30 according to a

Embodiment, based on which some basic components of

Embodiments will be explained. The lighting device 30 can be used, for example, depending on the precise implementation as a tail light, as a headlight, as a brake light or as a turn signal for a vehicle, but is not limited thereto.

The lighting device 30 comprises a light source arrangement 32, which may comprise, for example, one or more light-emitting diodes, in particular power light-emitting diodes or also laser light sources in combination with phosphor targets. Furthermore, the

Lighting device 30 of FIG. 3, a refractive diffuser 31, in particular a refractive diffuser with achromatic properties. As already mentioned, such a diffuser is described, for example, in "Advanced Optical Technologies", Vol 4, No. 1, pages 47- 61. By means of the diffuser 31, beam shaping of the light from the light source arrangement 32 can be achieved This allows for greater freedom in designing a luminous signature of the lighting device 30 than in the conventional approaches mentioned in the introduction The mode of operation and the structure of such a refractive diffuser is now under Referring to Figures 4A and 4B and 12A-12C explained. As shown in FIG. 4A, when illuminated with suitable light from a light source 41, a diffuser 42 generates a virtual image 43 which is parallel to a plane of the diffuser 42 in a plane through the light source 41. In other embodiments, the virtual image may lie in a plane between light source 41 and diffuser 42. In particular, the diffuser 42 is a refractive diffuser with achromatic properties. In the illustrated example, the virtual image 43 has a cross shape. However, the design of the shape of the virtual image has great freedom, and other shapes may be provided. From an eye 40 of an observer, the virtual image 43 is then perceived. FIG. 4B shows an example of a height profile of such a diffuser 42. The diffuser 42 has a continuous surface profile which is calculated depending on the desired shape of the image 43. Since a refractive diffuser in the arrangement of Fig. 4A generates a virtual image, the generated light forms may be on the optical axis, ie, the light appears in the center when viewed in the middle.

For the generation of the virtual image 43, those structures of the refractive diffuser 42 are decisive and necessary, which are located in a specific region about the optical axis. The optical axis is in this case the connecting line between the eye 40 of the observer and the light source 41. The size of the particular region is defined by the maximum deflection angles of the refractive structures in it, namely such that only those structures lie in the specific region the light from the light source 41 are still deflected towards the eye 40.

When the viewing direction is changed, for example by shifting the position of the eye, the optical axis and thus also this particular region, which contains the structures necessary for the generation of the perceived virtual image, shifts. If these structures of the refractive diffuser 42 consist, for example, of periodically continued unit cells with an identical angular spectrum (ie identical deflection of the beams from the light source to the eye), no change of the virtual image occurs when the viewing direction changes, since the particular region of the virtual image The structures of the refractive diffuser 42 that are relevant for the respective image generation do not change, but not the angle spectrum of light rays generated by these structures in the particular region and thus not the perceived virtual image. In other embodiments, the refractive diffuser is configured to change the virtual image with the viewing direction. An example of this is shown in FIGS. 12A to 12C. FIGS. 12A to 12C show an arrangement with one

Refractive diffuser 121 and a light source 122 for three different viewing directions corresponding to three different positions of an eye 120 relative to the refractive diffuser 121. As an example, in the diffuser 121 structures 124A, 124B and 124C

indicated, which deflect light from the light source 122 in different ways to the eye.

In the example of Fig. 12A, the structures 124A are in the above-mentioned specific area, i. Light from the light source 122 falling on the structures 124A is deflected towards the eye 120, producing a virtual image in the form of a bar 123A. Light from light source 122 falling on the structures 124B and 124C does not reach the eye 120 in the position shown in Fig. 12A due to the angular characteristic of these structures. In contrast, in the position of the eye 120 of Figure 12B, the structure 124B is in the particular area from which light from the light source 122 is directed to the eye 120, and produces a virtual image in the form of a bar 123B which is significantly longer than the beam 123A of Fig. 12A. Finally, in the position of the eye 120 of Figure 12C, light is directed from the structures 124C to the eye 120, resulting in a virtual image in the form of a bar 123C that is even longer than the bar 123B.

Thus, depending on the viewing direction, the virtual image changes, in the example, the length of the bar. But there are also other changes, especially more complex ones

Changes such as a change in the perceived form of the light signature, such as variable stars, crosses, ring or circle figures. For this purpose, the refractive structures are arranged so that changes the angle spectrum generated by them across the surface of the diffuser to the desired to be perceived luminous signatures. In the following, more concrete implementation examples of lighting devices with refractive diffuser will be described.

Shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views of lighting devices based on the conventional lighting device discussed initially with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The lighting devices of Figures 5A and 5B

differ only in the position of a light source and are otherwise constructed according to each other. Figures 5C and 5D show possible light signatures of the embodiments of Figures 5A and 5B.

In FIG. 5A, in a luminous device 56A similar to the luminous device 10 of FIG. 1, a mirror 53, which at least substantially completely reflects, and a partially transparent mirror 52 are arranged in a housing. Furthermore, the

Illuminator 56A has a light emitting diode 54A as a light source. In particular, the light emitting diode 54A may be a power LED having a sufficiently high intensity. In the embodiment of Fig. 5A, the light emitting diode 54A is laterally, i. offset to a central axis, arranged.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5A, a desired shape of the luminous signature, for example a rectangle, is not produced by an arrangement of many light emitting diodes as in the prior art of FIG. 1, but by a refractive diffuser 50A which is arranged in the far field desired shape, eg a rectangular shape to produce.

As a result, only a single light emitting diode as a light source is necessary. In addition, there is greater freedom in the design of the desired form of the luminous signature, and the rectangle is only to be understood as an example.

Fig. 5B shows a modification of the embodiment of Fig. 5A, and like elements have the same reference numerals and will not be explained several times. Rather, only the differences from FIG. 5A are explained. In contrast to FIG. 5A, in the case of a lighting device 56B of FIG. 5B, a light-emitting diode 54B is arranged centrally. Again, a diffuser 50B is provided which, as compared to the diffuser 50A, may be adapted to the changed position of the light-emitting diode 54B and is in turn arranged in the far-field a desired shape, for example a

Rectangular shape to produce.

In both FIGS. 5A and 5B, the light from the light-emitting diode 54A or 54B is reflected a number of times between the mirrors 52 and 53, the mirror 52 in each case transmitting part of the light. From the respectively decoupled light different rectangles are then "shaped" by the diffuser 50A or 50B in the far field. Figures 5C and 5D show examples of resulting luminous signatures. The light signature 55A has a plurality of nested rectangles, which are not arranged centrally with respect to one another. Such a signature may result, for example, when viewing the lighting device 56A of FIG. 5A or the lighting device 56B of FIG. 5B. Fig. 5D shows a luminous signature 55B centered with each other

Rectangles, as may arise, for example, oblique viewing of the lighting device 56B of FIG. 5B or the lighting device 56A of FIG. 5A.

In contrast to those explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2

Lighting equipment here is the largest form of light, i. E. in the illustrated example, the largest rectangle to be seen in the background by the viewer in a farthest plane while the smallest rectangle appears closest to the viewer. In addition, in contrast to the lighting device of Figures 1 and 2, the smallest rectangle is the brightest. This intensity distribution results when using a continuous partially reflecting mirror 52. To distribute the light intensities through the multiple reflections differently, the use of an arrangement with several partially transparent mirrors with a small transmission factor (5% or 10%) or with changing transmission factors is also included other embodiments possible.

In particular, the use of a refractive diffuser allows great design freedom with regard to the shape of the luminous signature. This is in particular not limited to rectangles as shown in FIG. Further possibilities will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. FIGS. 6A and 6B show a lighting device 60, which is largely constructed like the lighting device 56B of FIG. 5B. As a difference, the diffuser 50B of FIG. 5B is replaced by a diffuser 63 which is arranged to generate a boomerang-shaped luminous signature instead of the rectangular luminous signature of the diffuser 50. The lighting device 60 has a centrally arranged light source

corresponding to the light source 54B of FIG. 5B. As a modification, a light source may also be arranged at the edge of the lighting device, corresponding to the light source 54A of FIG. 5A.

Figures 6A and 6B show examples of resulting luminous signatures for two different viewing directions. FIG. 6A shows an example of this

Luminous signature 62A in a central view as indicated by an eye 61 A. Figure 6B shows the corresponding luminous signature 62B in a lateral or oblique view, as indicated by an eye 61B. Similar to FIG. 5, the basic form of the invention arises here Light signature in different sizes, whereby the basic form in this case is a boomerang. The boomerang shape also has a uniformity variation in the example of Fig. 6, ie the shape has bright zones and less bright zones. Another example is shown in FIG. 7. FIG. 7 shows a lighting device 70, which is designed according to the lighting device 56A of FIG. 5A (with a light source arranged at the edge). Instead of the refractive diffuser 50 of FIG. 5A, the

Lighting device 70 of FIG. 7 on a refractive diffuser 74, which is adapted to produce a cross-shaped luminous signature. An example result when viewed straight as indicated by an eye 71 is indicated at 72. The smallest cross (shown at 72 on the left) is the brightest in this case and appears in the foreground, while the largest cross (at 72 right) is the darkest and appears to the right. 73 denotes a photograph of a corresponding image. Here, the diffuser is additionally designed such that the crosses have a light modulation. In particular, in the illustrated example, the crosses appear lighter in the center than at the edge. Others too

Light modulations are possible. Such light modulations can also be used in other forms, for example, the rectangular shape of FIG. 5 or the

Boomerangform of Fig. 6. By appropriate design of a refractive diffuser there is thus a great design freedom here.

The embodiments discussed with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 use a multiple reflection and are particularly suitable for taillights of a vehicle. There are also taillights without multiple reflection, i. without the illustrated mirrors, possible. In this case, a single form of luminous signature, for example, a single

Boomerang, a single rectangle or a single cross generated. In addition, refractive diffusers can also be used for other types of lighting devices in vehicles. By way of example, with reference to FIGS. 8 to 11, lighting devices are shown which are used as headlights or a part thereof,

For example, as a high beam, low beam or daytime running lights.

In Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of a vehicle headlight 80 of a

Embodiment shown. The embodiment of FIG. 8 includes a light source 81. The light source 81 may, for example, a laser diode combined with a

However, a different type of light source, such as

For example, comprise a light emitting diode, a white light LED or a combination of a plurality of such light sources. Light from the light source 81 falls on a concave mirror 82, which is arranged to focus light towards a focal point 85 in a projection plane 86.

In contrast to conventional headlamps, the headlight 80 of FIG. 8 additionally has a refractive diffuser 83, which is arranged between the concave mirror 82 and the projection plane 86. Refractive diffusers of this type can be produced inexpensively, for example by injection molding techniques.

The diffuser 83 produces a desired light distribution in the projection plane 86 at the focal point or around the focus. a desired luminous signature of

Lighting device, which as already explained in the preceding embodiments can be selected by appropriate design of the diffuser 83 as desired. As an example, a rectangular distribution 90 is shown in FIG. However, any other distributions such as triangles, squares, stars or other, even more complex, forms are possible. Depending on the focal length of the concave mirror 82 may be the

Projection level 86 and the focus 85 are outside the headlight 80 (as shown) or within the headlight. For example, the distance between the diffuser 83 and the projection plane 86 may be between 2 and 10 cm, for example about 5 cm. However, these numerical values are only an example. The light signature is generated as a real image, which is located, for example, in the room in front of the lighting device outside the vehicle. As discussed above with reference to FIG. 11, a diffuser 83 can also be used in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 9, which is configured such that a change in the viewing direction changes

Light signature results, as was discussed using the example of a variable bar in Fig. 1 1.

The diffuser itself can in turn be designed as described in the documents mentioned above. FIG. 10 shows a detail of a calculated phase distribution for a refractive diffuser for generating a rectangular signature as shown in FIG. 9. Indicated at 100 is a plan view of a portion of the phase distribution of the diffuser, wherein the phase shift is represented in units of 2π. A graph 101 shows a cross section of the phase distribution along a line 102 in the representation 100. The calculation was for a

Wavelength of 630 nm and a coherence length of 30 nm performed. Depending on desired luminance signature, desired wavelength and coherence length, the phase distribution may differ from implementation to implementation.

In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the concave mirror 82 and the diffuser 83 are separate components. In other embodiments, a diffuser structure may also be provided on a mirror surface. In this case, concave mirror and diffuser structure can then be manufactured in a single injection molding process. A corresponding

Embodiment is shown in Fig. 1 1. Fig. 1 1 shows a headlight 1 10 with a light source 1 1 1, which according to the light source 81 of FIG. 8 may be configured. Furthermore, the headlight 1 10 comprises a concave mirror 1 12, on the reflective

Surface is a refractive diffuser 1 13 is formed so that concave mirror 1 12 and diffuser 1 13 form a single component. The concave mirror 1 12 forms the light rays, which emanate from the light source, from a focal point 1 14 down. In a corresponding

Projection level through the focus is then generated by the diffuser 1 13 luminous signature. Apart from the provision of the diffuser 1 13 directly on the surface of the concave mirror 1 12 corresponds to the operation of the embodiment of FIG. 1 1 of the operation of the embodiment of FIG. 8, and the various variations and explanations, which with respect to the embodiment of FIG were made are also applicable to the embodiment of FIG. 1 1.

It should be noted that such a one-piece design of diffuser and mirror is also possible in other embodiments. For example, in the case of

Embodiment of FIG. 5, the diffuser 50 may be formed on the partially transmissive mirror 52.

Thus, by refractive diffusers different types of lighting devices for vehicles, especially tail lights, headlights, but also turn signals, brake lights and the like, are provided with desired luminous signatures, which is a large

Design freedom allows.

Claims

claims

A lighting device (30; 56A; 56B; 60; 70; 80; 1 10) comprising:

a light source (32; 41; 54A; 54B; 81; 11 1; 122), and

a refractive diffuser (31; 42; 50; 63; 74; 83; 1 13; 121) for generating a

A light signature (43; 55A; 55B; 62A; 62B; 72; 73; 90; 123A, 123B, 123C) based on light from the light source (32; 41; 54A; 54B; 81; 1 1 1).

The refractive diffuser (31; 42; 50; 63; 74; 83; 1 13; 121) is a refractive diffuser having achromatic properties ,

A lighting device (30; 56A; 56B; 60; 70; 80; 110) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the light source (32; 41; 54A; 54B; 81; 1 1 1; 122) comprises a light emitting diode and / or a laser diode comprises.

A light-emitting device (30; 56A; 56B; 60; 70; 80; 110) according to any one of claims 1 -3, wherein the refractive diffuser (31; 42; 50; 63; 74; 83; 1 13; 121) is arranged, the luminous signature (43; 55A; 55B; 62A; 62B; 72; 73; 90; 123A, 123B, 123C) with an inhomogeneous one

To generate intensity distribution.

A light emitting device (30; 56A; 56B; 60; 70; 80; 110) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the luminous signature (43; 55A; 55B; 62A; 62B; 72; 73; 90) has a rectangular shape;

Cross shape and / or a boomerang shape includes.

A light-emitting device (30; 56A; 56B; 60; 70; 80; 110) according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the refractive diffuser (121) is arranged one depending on one

Viewing direction changing luminous signature (123A, 123B, 123C) to produce.

A lighting device (30; 56A; 56B; 60; 70; 80; 110) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising at least one mirror (53,53; 82; 1 12) for deflecting light from the light source (32; 41; 54A; 54B; 81; 1 1 1; 122).

8. lighting device (1 10) according to claim 7, wherein the refractive diffuser (1 13) and a

Mirror (1 12) of the at least one mirror are integrally formed as a component. 9. A lighting device (56A, 56B, 60, 70) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the mirror comprises a first mirror (53) and a partially reflecting second mirror (52), which are arranged to generate a plurality of partial light beams and to the refractive diffusers (42; 50; 63; 74). A light-emitting device (30; 56A; 56B; 60; 70; 80; 110) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the refractive diffuser (31; 42; 50; 63; 74) is arranged to form a virtual image of

Light signature in a plane of the light source (32; 41; 54A; 54B; 122), a virtual image of the light signature in a plane between the light source (32; 41; 54A; 54B; 122) and the refractive diffuser (Fig. 31, 42, 50, 63, 74)

1 1. A lighting device (80; 110) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the at least one mirror (82; 1 12) comprises a concave mirror for condensing light from the light source (81; 1 1 1). 12. lighting device (30; 56A; 56B; 60; 70; 80; 1 10) according to any one of claims 1 -1 1, wherein the lighting device is designed as a tail lamp or as a headlight.