EP3596338A1 - Pale d'eolienne en composite polymere thermoplastique, piece de ladite pale et methode de fabrication - Google Patents
Pale d'eolienne en composite polymere thermoplastique, piece de ladite pale et methode de fabricationInfo
- Publication number
- EP3596338A1 EP3596338A1 EP18714569.3A EP18714569A EP3596338A1 EP 3596338 A1 EP3596338 A1 EP 3596338A1 EP 18714569 A EP18714569 A EP 18714569A EP 3596338 A1 EP3596338 A1 EP 3596338A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- meth
- wind turbine
- acrylic
- turbine blade
- thermoplastic polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005493 welding type Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006335 epoxy glue Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 oligomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical class [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVCNQTCZNBPWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-sulfinoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)S(O)=O HVCNQTCZNBPWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007182 Ochroma pyramidale Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical group C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(OC(=O)C=C)CC1C2(C)C PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical class N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEFDWZDNAJAKGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-sulfoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)S(O)(=O)=O CEFDWZDNAJAKGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbut-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithionous acid Chemical class OS(=O)S(O)=O GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010107 reaction injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M rongalite Chemical compound [Na+].OCS([O-])=O XWGJFPHUCFXLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009755 vacuum infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B29D99/0025—Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings
- B29D99/0028—Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings hollow blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2230/00—Manufacture
- F05B2230/40—Heat treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05B2280/40—Organic materials
- F05B2280/4007—Thermoplastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05B2280/70—Treatments or modification of materials
- F05B2280/701—Heat treatments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of wind turbines, and more particularly blades of wind turbines manufactured from thermoplastic polymer composite.
- the invention relates to a wind turbine blade, the parts of said wind turbine blade and the method of manufacturing said wind turbine blade.
- Wind turbine blades are today mainly composed of polymer composite in which a fibrous reinforcement is incorporated in a polymer matrix. Indeed, the properties required for wind turbine blades include lightness, relatively high structural strength and tensile strength. This is mainly due to the fact that the wind turbine blades must withstand high mechanical loads during the operation of the wind turbine especially in the presence of strong gusts of wind.
- the fibers of the fibrous reinforcement may typically be composed of glass, carbon, ceramic, but also natural fibers.
- the polymer matrix mainly comprises polymers and maintains the fibers in position, transmits the tensions between the fibers and protects the fibers against external mechanical and chemical influences.
- the polymer matrix is generally thermosetting and the thermosetting polymer composite parts are associated with each other with thermosetting resin (e.g., epoxy glues or polyesters or polyurethanes).
- thermosetting composite materials have several disadvantages, such as high costs in recycling these materials or the accumulation of large quantities of waste if recycling is not possible.
- Wind turbine blades incorporating thermoplastic materials have been proposed for example in the application WO2010025830, however the proposed thermoplastics are essentially proposed to constitute the junction between various pieces of wind turbine blades, and they have a relatively high sensitivity to humidity or high melting temperatures.
- US2017 / 0058864 discloses a modulable wind turbine blade constructed from thermosetting and / or thermoplastic materials. Thermodur-thermoplastic interface is welded, however the blade contains a large part of the thermosetting materials. Therefore, there is still a need for wind turbine blades mainly comprising thermoplastics, and therefore recyclable, while offering mechanical and chemical properties that meet the needs of the wind energy sector.
- thermosetting resins When constructing a polymer composite wind turbine blade, for example by low-pressure injection molding or infusion molding, the use of thermosetting resins generally leads to long cycle times. In addition, these polymer composite parts are then assembled during the industrial process before delivery to the installation site. Given the long cycle time observed when using a thermosetting polymer matrix, both in the manufacture of the parts and the assembly, it is necessary to identify polymers that would be able to reduce the times. cycle and therefore reduce the production time of wind turbine blades.
- wind turbine blades generally have a length of about 40 meters or more, sometimes about 90 or 100 meters.
- the delivery of the blades requires exceptional convoys.
- the invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the invention aims to propose a wind turbine blade of thermoplastic polymer composite, which can be manufactured faster than conventional wind turbine blades while preferably being predominantly recyclable, resistant to the mechanical and chemical stresses to which the blades of wind turbines in operation are subjected.
- the invention further aims to provide a method of manufacturing wind turbine blade or piece of wind turbine blade faster than existing methods and allowing, on the installation site, an assembly, a repair or easy and quick adjustments.
- the invention relates to a wind turbine blade comprising an outer casing formed, at least in part, of thermoplastic polymer composite panels, defining a leading edge and a trailing edge of the blade of wind turbine, and at least one polymeric composite stiffening member extending along a longitudinal axis of the wind turbine blade within said wind turbine blade, said stiffening member being disposed between at least one panel defining the edge and at least one panel defining the trailing edge, characterized in that the thermoplastic polymer composite comprises a fibrous reinforcement and a (meth) acrylic thermoplastic matrix, and in that at least one polymer composite panel thermoplastic is connected to the stiffening member by a weld type interface.
- thermosetting polymers conventionally used in these fields.
- the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymers used in the context of the invention can be used in the most widely used industrial processes and therefore do not require, unlike thermoplastics such as polyamides, to modify the industrial tools currently used. in the construction of wind turbine blades.
- these wind turbine blades are easily recyclable unlike blades comprising thermosetting polymer composite panels usually used in this field.
- the presence of a weld type interface makes it possible, via a rise in temperature of the interface, to make assemblies, panel positioning adjustments or repairs to the installation site without requiring installation. special.
- the fiber reinforcement is based on fibers having a shape ratio of at least 1000. Such a shape ratio makes it possible to obtain wind turbine blades having improved mechanical properties.
- the wind turbine blade does not comprise more than 50%, preferably not more than 40%, more preferably not more than 30%, even more preferably not more than 20%, more advantageously not more than 15% by weight and even more preferably not more than 10% by weight of thermosetting polymers such as an epoxy resin.
- thermosetting polymers such as an epoxy resin.
- the wind turbine blade according to the invention has a very significant gain in terms of production time and an increased capacity to be recycled.
- the wind turbine blade does not comprise more than 10%, preferably not more than 8%, advantageously not more than 7% by weight, more advantageously not more than 6% by weight and so still more advantageous not more than 5% by weight of thermosetting glues.
- the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer is selected from a thermoplastic polymer resin, commonly called “syrup", which is used to impregnate the reinforcing material, for example a fiber reinforcement and which polymerizes rapidly (eg between 30 seconds and 3 hours) with a good conversion to increase productivity.
- the thermoplastic polymer syrup constitutes the matrix of the composite material.
- a liquid composition or a syrup comprising a (meth) acrylic monomer and a polymer
- (meth) acrylic precursor is described in WO 2013/056845 and WO 2014/013028. These (meth) acrylic polymers are particularly suited to existing industrial processes for manufacturing wind turbine blades and give wind turbine blades satisfactory mechanical and chemical properties.
- the thermoplastic polymer is described in WO 2013/056845 and WO 2014/013028.
- (meth) acrylic is selected from poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
- the fiber reinforcement comprises fibers selected from carbon fibers, or glass fibers, or basalt fibers or polymer-based fibers, or vegetable fibers, alone or as a mixture.
- the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer matrix further comprises one or more additives or fillers. All additives and optional fillers are added to the liquid (meth) acrylic syrup prior to impregnation and / or polymerization.
- the thermoplastic polymer composite may also include other additives and fillers.
- additives there may be mentioned organic additives such as impact modifiers or block copolymers, thermal stabilizers, UV stabilizers, lubricants and mixtures thereof.
- the impact modifier is in the form of fine particles having an elastomeric core and at least one thermoplastic envelope, the size of the particles being generally less than 1 ⁇ m and advantageously from 50 to 300 nm.
- the impact modifier is prepared by emulsion polymerization.
- the proportion of impact modifiers in the thermoplastic polymer matrix is 0 to 50%, preferably 0 to 25%, and preferably 0 to 20% by weight.
- fillers mention may be made of carbon nanotubes or mineral fillers, including mineral nanocharges (T1O2, silica).
- the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) between 50 ° C and 160 ° C, preferably between 70 ° C and 140 ° C, and even more preferably 90 ° C and 120 ° vs.
- the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer or a portion of the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer has a creep index (MFI) according to ISO 1133 (230 ° C / 3.8 kg) between less than 20 g / 10 min. .
- MFI creep index
- the creep index is less than 18 g / 10 min, more preferably less than 16 g / 10 min, preferably less than 13 g / 10 min. This facilitates the production of wind turbine blades and also paves the way for easy assembly, adjustment or repair at the installation site.
- the stiffening member has the form of an "I" beam comprising a core and two flanges interconnected by the core.
- the soles are preferably formed by a stack of thermoplastic polymer composite strips, preferably pre-impregnated, or by composite parts molded by infusion or low-pressure injection. This stack can be consolidated by welding.
- the soles are connected to the core by a welding type interface.
- the soles are connected to the core by epoxy glue.
- the leading edge is formed in one piece monolithic welded to the stiffening member.
- a thermoplastic polymer (meth) acrylic and welding type interface makes it possible to envisage new designs of blades of wind turbines and in particular blades whose leading edge is constituted in one piece monolithic welded to the stiffening member to facilitate assembly and improve the wear resistance on the leading edge.
- the thermoplastic polymer composite panels forming the outer casing enclose a low density structure, such as wood (eg balsa), a honeycomb structure or expanded plastic.
- the wind turbine blade comprises at least one resistive filament positioned at the welding type interface.
- the solder type interface has a length greater than 5 meters, preferably greater than 10 meters, more preferably greater than 20 meters.
- the solder type interface extends along a longitudinal axis of the wind turbine blade.
- the invention further relates to a piece of thermoplastic polymer composite wind turbine blade to form a wind turbine blade according to the invention, mainly characterized in that the thermoplastic polymer composite comprises a fibrous reinforcement and a matrix of thermoplastic polymer (meth) acrylic.
- thermoplastic polymer composite of this piece of wind turbine blade is covered at least partially with a layer of thermoplastic polymer.
- thermoplastic polymer composite may for example be covered with this layer of (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer on the surface to be welded. This makes it possible in particular to avoid the appearance of zones with a lower concentration of resin at a welding type interface which could lead to embrittlement of the wind turbine blade.
- the invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a wind turbine blade according to the invention, from at least two pieces of wind turbine blade thermoplastic polymer composite, the thermoplastic polymer composite having a fibrous reinforcement and a thermoplastic (meth) acrylic polymer matrix, said process comprising the steps of:
- thermoplastic polymer composite wind turbine blade disposing at least two pieces of thermoplastic polymer composite wind turbine blade adjacent or overlapping at an assembly interface
- the method further comprises a prior step of manufacturing a piece of wind turbine blade, comprising the following substeps:
- thermoplastic polymer composite wind turbine blade parts are manufactured by low pressure injection molding, infusion molding or by molding precoated tapes of thermoplastic (meth) acrylic polymer composite.
- the thermoplastic polymer composite wind turbine blade parts are manufactured at a temperature below 150 ° C, preferably below 120 ° C, even more preferably below 100 ° C.
- the (meth) acrylic liquid composition used for the manufacture of thermoplastic polymer composite wind turbine blade parts is liquid at a temperature much lower than the conventional melting temperatures of conventional thermoplastics.
- the matrix of (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymers is melted by a technique selected from: ultrasonic welding, induction welding, resistive wire welding, friction stir welding, laser welding, infrared or ultraviolet radiation heating, preferably by resistive wire welding. during the heating step, the temperature at the assembly interface is between 160 and 300 ° C.
- Figure 2 a simplified illustration in perspective view of a cross section of a wind turbine blade, comprising a thermoplastic polymeric composite (meth) acrylic and a welding type interface.
- FIG. 3 is a simplified illustration of an enlargement of a junction zone between a thermoplastic (meth) acrylic polymer composite panel and a stiffening member comprising a welding type interface.
- Figure 4 a process diagram of a preferred embodiment of a manufacturing method according to the invention. The dotted steps are optional.
- FIG. 5 the simplified diagram illustrating an exploded perspective view of different parts constituting a wind turbine blade.
- the "welding type interface” corresponds to the welded joint between parts, or part parts. It relates to the melted zone, that is to say the zone of thermoplastic polymer which has passed to the liquid state during the welding operation.
- the welding according to the invention can be carried out with or without input thermoplastic material including (meth) acrylic.
- the "I-beam” according to the invention corresponds to a structure having a cross section in the form of I or H.
- the horizontal elements of the "I” are called soles, while the vertical element is called the core.
- the I-beam according to the invention is preferably made of thermoplastic polymer composite.
- resistive filament in the sense of the invention a filament comprising a material having a resistivity greater than 1 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ mm 2 / m at 20 ° C, for example greater than 0.1 ⁇ mm 2 / m at 20 ° C.
- the resistive filament may for example comprise metal or a metal alloy or any other organic conductive elements based on carbon such as a conductive polymeric wire or film based on carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphenes.
- the resistive filament has a high melting temperature and greater than the softening temperature or flow (eg glass transition) of the thermoplastic polymer (meth) acrylic according to the invention.
- the melting temperature of the resistive filament is preferably greater than 300 ° C, more preferably greater than 500 ° C, for example greater than 750 ° C. In the case of a conductive wire or polymer film, it must have a flow temperature at least equal to that of the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer.
- polymer composite within the meaning of the invention, denotes a multicomponent material comprising at least two immiscible components in which at least one component is a polymer and the other component may for example be a fibrous reinforcement.
- fibrous reinforcement or "fibrous substrate” is intended to mean several fibers, unidirectional rovings or a continuous filament mat, fabrics, felts or nonwovens which may be under the shape of strips, tablecloths, braids, wicks or pieces.
- matrix means a material serving as a binder and capable of transferring forces to the fibrous reinforcement.
- polymer matrix includes polymers but may also include other compounds or materials. Thus, the "polymer matrix
- (meth) acrylic refers to any type of acrylic, methacrylic, block, copolymer, copolymer, oligomer, copolymer or copolymer. However, it would not be departing from the scope of the invention if the (meth) acrylic polymer matrix comprises up to 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight of other non-acrylic monomers, chosen, for example, from group: butadiene, isoprene, styrene, substituted styrene such as methylstyrene or tert-butylstyrene, cyclosiloxanes, vinylnaphthalenes and vinylpyridines.
- non-acrylic monomers chosen, for example, from group: butadiene, isoprene, styrene, substituted styrene such as methylstyrene or tert-butylstyrene, cyclosiloxanes, vinylnaphthalenes
- polymer is meant either a copolymer or a homopolymer.
- copolymer means a polymer comprising several different monomer units and “homopolymer” means a polymer comprising identical monomeric units.
- block copolymer means a polymer comprising one or more uninterrupted sequences of each of the different polymeric species, the polymer blocks being chemically different from one another and being linked together by a covalent bond. These polymer blocks are still referred to as polymer blocks.
- radical initiator within the meaning of the invention, denotes a compound that can start / initiate the polymerization of a monomer or monomers.
- polymerization within the meaning of the invention, refers to the process for converting a monomer or a mixture of monomers into a polymer.
- thermoplastic polymer is intended to mean a polymer that is generally solid at ambient temperature, that can be crystalline, semi-crystalline or amorphous, and that softens during a temperature increase, in particular after passing its glass transition temperature (Tg) and flows at a higher temperature and can observe a frank fusion at the passage of its so-called melting temperature (Tf) (when it is semi-crystalline), and which becomes solid again during a temperature decrease below its melting temperature and below its glass transition temperature.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Tf melting temperature
- thermoplastic polymers slightly crosslinked by the presence of multifunctional monomers or oligomers in the formulation of the "syrup" (meth) acrylate, in weight percentage, preferably less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, and so preferred less than 2% which can be thermoformed when heated above the softening temperature.
- thermosetting polymer means a plastic material which is irreversibly converted by polymerization into an insoluble polymer network.
- (meth) acrylic monomer any type of acrylic and methacrylic monomer.
- (meth) acrylic polymer means a polymer essentially comprising (meth) acrylic monomers which represent at least 50% by weight or more of the polymer
- PMMA refers to homopolymers and copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA), the ratio by weight MMA in PMMA is preferably at least 70% by weight for the MMA copolymer.
- the present invention relates to a wind turbine blade whose structure comprises a thermoplastic polymer composite comprising a fiber reinforcement and a matrix of thermoplastic polymer (meth) acrylic.
- the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymers used in the constitution of the matrix impregnating the fibrous reinforcement may be chosen from polymers and copolymers of the family of acrylics such as polyacrylates. They are more particularly selected from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or its derivatives or copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) or mixtures thereof.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer forming the thermoplastic (meth) acrylic polymer matrix, has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of between 50 ° C. and 160 ° C., preferably between 70 ° C. and 70 ° C. ° C and 140 ° C, and even more preferably 90 ° C and 120 ° C.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- polyamines generally have very high melting temperatures, ie from 200 ° C and higher, which does not facilitate on-site assembly as is the case according to the method of the invention. Glass transition or melting temperatures can be measured by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- these temperatures are measured by Differential Scanning Calorimetry according to the conditions specified in ISO 11357-2 / 2013 for Tg and ISO 11357-3 / 2011 for Tf.
- the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer or a part of the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer has a creep (MFI) according to ISO 1133 (230 ° C / 3.8 kg) less than 20 g / 10 min.
- the creep index is less than 18 g / 10 min, more preferably less than 16 g / 10 min, preferably less than 13 g / 10 min.
- the wind turbine blade according to the invention does not comprise more than 50% by weight, more preferably not more than 40% by weight, more preferably not more than 30% by weight. by weight, advantageously not more than 20% by weight, more advantageously not more than 15% by weight and even more advantageously not more than 10% by weight of thermosetting polymers such as epoxy resins or polyesters or polyurethanes . So far, thermosetting polymers have generally been used in the manufacture of polymer composite materials used for the formation of wind turbine blades or blades of wind turbine blades. Likewise, preferably, the wind turbine blade according to the invention does not comprise more than 10% by weight, more preferably not more than 9% by weight and even more preferably not more than 8% by weight.
- thermosetting glues preferably thermosetting glues.
- the gluing of the different pieces of wind turbine blades is generally carried out with thermosetting structural glue of the epoxy resin type.
- thermoplastic polymer composite panels comprising a fibrous reinforcement and a matrix of thermoplastic polymer (meth) acrylic significantly reduces the amount of thermosetting polymer used in the blades of wind turbine and opens up possibilities not possible with panels of thermosetting polymer composite such as a recycling of a majority of the blade, as well as mountings or repairs on site facilitated.
- the matrix of (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymers can be obtained from the polymerizing a (meth) acrylic liquid composition comprising a (meth) acrylic monomer or a mixture of (meth) acrylic monomers, a precursor (meth) acrylic polymer and at least one radical initiator.
- the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer matrix is formed of (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer but it may further comprise one or more additives and / or one or more fillers.
- the carbonaceous fillers may be in particular activated carbon, natural anthracite, synthetic anthracite, carbon black, natural graphite, synthetic graphite, carbon nanofillers or mixtures thereof. They are preferably chosen from carbon nanofillers, in particular graphenes and / or carbon nanotubes and / or carbon nanofibrils or mixtures thereof. These charges make it possible to conduct electricity and heat, and consequently make it possible to improve the lubrication of the polymer matrix when it is heated. They can then reduce cycle times or facilitate assembly, adjustment or repair at the installation site.
- the inorganic fillers include metal hydroxides, which are more particularly in the form of alumina trihydate (Al (OH) 3) or magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH)) or magnesium oxide (MgO) calcium hydroxides and mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide or silica or mineral nanofillers such as titanium nanodioxide or nanosilices.
- metal hydroxides which are more particularly in the form of alumina trihydate (Al (OH) 3) or magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH)) or magnesium oxide (MgO) calcium hydroxides and mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide or silica or mineral nanofillers such as titanium nanodioxide or nanosilices.
- additives it is possible to mention organic additives such as impact resistance modifiers or block copolymers, thermal stabilizers, UV stabilizers, lubricants, viscosity modifiers, pH modifiers. (soda), particle size modifiers (sodium sulphate), biocides, and mixtures thereof.
- organic additives such as impact resistance modifiers or block copolymers, thermal stabilizers, UV stabilizers, lubricants, viscosity modifiers, pH modifiers. (soda), particle size modifiers (sodium sulphate), biocides, and mixtures thereof.
- the weight percentage of all additives and fillers relative to the total weight of (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer matrix is preferably less than 30%, preferably less than 10%.
- the fibrous reinforcement generally relates to a plurality of fibers, unidirectional rovings or a continuous filament mat, fabrics, felts or nonwovens which may be in the form of strips, plies, braids, locks or pieces.
- a fibrous reinforcement comprises an assembly of one or more fibers, generally several fibers, said assembly being able to have different shapes and dimensions, one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional.
- the one-dimensional shape corresponds to long linear fibers.
- the fibers may be discontinuous or continuous.
- the fibers may be arranged randomly or in parallel with one another in the form of a continuous filament.
- the two-dimensional form is fibrous mats or non-woven reinforcements or woven rovings or bundles of fibers, which may also be braided. Even though the two-dimensional shape has a certain thickness and, therefore, in principle a third dimension, it is considered to be two-dimensional according to the present invention.
- the three-dimensional shape corresponds, for example, to non-woven fibrous mats or reinforcements or stacked or folded bundles of fibers or mixtures thereof, an assembly of the two-dimensional form in the third dimension.
- the fibers may be discontinuous or continuous. When the fibers are continuous, their assembly forms tissues.
- the fibrous reinforcement is based on continuous fibers.
- a fiber is defined by its form factor, which is the ratio of the length and diameter of the fiber.
- the fibers used in the The present invention is long fibers obtained from continuous fibers or continuous fibers.
- the fibers have a shape ratio of at least 1000, preferably at least 1500, more preferably at least 2000, advantageously at least 3000 and more preferably at least 5000, still more preferably at least 6000, still more preferably at least 7500 and most preferably at least 10,000.
- the continuous fibers have a shape ratio of at least 1000.
- the dimensions of a fiber can be measured by methods well known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, these dimensions are measured by microscopy according to the ISO 137 standard.
- the origins of the fibers constituting the fibrous reinforcement may be natural or synthetic.
- a natural material mention may be made of vegetable fibers, wood fibers, animal fibers or mineral fibers.
- Vegetable fibers are, for example, sisal fibers, jute, hemp, linen, cotton, coconut, and banana fibers.
- Animal fibers are, for example, wool or hair.
- the mineral fibers may also be chosen from glass fibers, in particular of the E, R or S2 type, basalt fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers or silica fibers.
- polymeric fibers selected from thermosetting polymer fibers, thermoplastic polymers or mixtures thereof.
- the polymeric fibers may consist of polyamide (aliphatic or aromatic), polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyolefins, polyurethanes, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, unsaturated polyesters, epoxy resins and vinyl esters.
- the fiber reinforcement of the present invention comprises vegetable fibers, wood fibers, animal fibers, mineral fibers, synthetic polymer fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers and carbon fibers. , alone or in mixture. More preferably, the fiber reinforcement of the present invention comprises carbon fibers or fibers of glass. More preferably, the fibrous reinforcement of the present invention consists essentially of carbon fibers or glass fibers.
- the fibers of the fiber reinforcement have, for example, a diameter of between 0.005 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ , preferably between 1 ⁇ and 50 ⁇ , more preferably between 5 ⁇ and 30 ⁇ and advantageously between 10 ⁇ and 25 ⁇ .
- the fibers of the fibrous reinforcement of the present invention are selected from continuous fibers for the unidimensional shape, or from long or continuous fibers for the two-dimensional or three-dimensional form of the fibrous reinforcement.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional wind turbine 100 with a horizontal axis comprising, with a mast 101, a nacelle 102 and a rotor with a substantially horizontal rotor shaft.
- the rotor comprises a hub 103 and three wind turbine blades 1 extending radially from the hub 103, each having a root 104 of the wind turbine blade closest to the hub 103 and a tip 105 of the wind turbine blade. the furthest away from the hub 103.
- the rotor is driven by the wind energy, it is connected directly or indirectly (via a gear speed multiplier) to the mechanical system that will use the energy collected (pump, electric generator, etc.). ).
- the wind turbine blade 1 generally has a cross sectional shape that changes between the tip 105 and the root 104 of the wind turbine blade, corresponding to an attachment zone.
- the wind turbine blade 1 comprises an outer casing defining a lower surface 11 and an upper surface 12 as well as a leading edge 4 and a trailing edge 5.
- This outer casing defines at least partially an outer surface of the airfoil.
- wind turbine 1 is formed, at least in part, of panels 3 of thermoplastic polymer composite.
- the outer casing is for example more particularly formed by the panels 3 of thermoplastic polymer composite associated with a stiffening member 6.
- the stiffening member 6 can be entirely surrounded by the panels 3 of thermoplastic polymer composite and therefore do not participate in the formation of the outer envelope.
- the panels 3 of thermoplastic polymer composite may take various forms such as strips, sheets, plates or more largely rigid polymer composite parts.
- the panels 3 of thermoplastic polymer composite may further be subject to further processing to strengthen the outer shell and improve their mechanical and chemical properties.
- the treatment may for example be specifically located on certain areas of the outer surface of the wind turbine blade 1 as along the leading edge 4.
- the treatment may comprise the deposition of a protective layer of material plastic or metal covering the leading edge 4.
- the wind turbine blade 1 also comprises at least one longitudinal stiffening member 6 made of thermoplastic polymer composite inside said wind turbine blade 1, extending along a longitudinal axis A of the wind turbine blade.
- the stiffening member 6 is disposed between at least one panel defining the leading edge 4 and at least one panel defining the trailing edge 5.
- the wind turbine blade according to the invention may have a leading edge formed in one piece monolithic welded to the stiffening member 6.
- the present invention based on at least in part on the use of thermoplastic polymer composite having a fiber reinforcement and a (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer matrix makes it possible to realize new wind turbine blade designs both in shape as shown in Figure 2 with a leading edge formed in one piece monolithic welded to the stiffening member 6 than in the method of assembly as will be detailed later.
- the panel elements 3 and the stiffening member are connected so as to constitute together at least a portion of the outer casing of the wind turbine blade.
- the stiffening member 6 imparts increased stability and local stiffness compared to the thermoplastic polymer composite panel alone.
- the stiffening member 6 extends along a longitudinal axis A of the wind turbine blade inside said wind turbine blade 1 of to stabilize the structure.
- the stiffening member 6 comprises a thermoplastic polymer composite, the thermoplastic polymer composite comprising a fibrous reinforcement and a (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer matrix.
- the stiffening member 6 has the form of an "I" beam having a core 61 and two flanges 62 interconnected by the core 61.
- the core can be formed an assembly comprising a thermoplastic polymer composite enclosing a low density structure. This arrangement forms a sandwich type structure where the low density structure is surrounded by one or more thermoplastic polymer composite panels.
- the stiffening member 6 may take the form of a tube having a section having a quadrilateral shape (preferably square or rectangle) and can thus correspond to a stiffening member having two cores and two soles
- the flanges 62 may be formed by a ribbon stack 63 of thermoplastic polymer composite, the thermoplastic polymer composite having a fiber reinforcement and a matrix of thermoplastic polymer (meth) acrylic.
- the flanges 62 are connected to the core 61 by a weld type interface 7.
- the flanges 62 may be connected to the core 61 by glue epoxies or polyesters or polyurethanes.
- FIG. 3 represents an enlarged view of the weld type interface 7 connecting a thermoplastic polymer composite panel to the stiffening member 6.
- the weld type interface 7 has a thickness greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 1 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 2 mm.
- the thickness of the solder type interface 7 can be measured by conventional methods, for example from a vertical section of said solder type interface 7.
- the weld type interface 7 makes it possible to connect a thermoplastic polymer composite panel to the stiffening member 6, then it extends along a longitudinal axis A of the blade wind turbine.
- Figure 3 shows only a sectional view of the weld type interface 7 but the latter preferably extends over the entire length of the stiffening member.
- the weld type interface may have a length greater than 5 meters, preferably greater than 10 meters and even more preferably greater than 20 meters.
- a low density structure 8 On the representation according to Figure 3, it is also possible to discern the presence, between two panels 3 of thermoplastic polymer composite, a low density structure 8.
- the panels 3 of composite thermoplastic polymer forming at least partially the outer casing enclose a low density structure 8.
- This arrangement forms a sandwich type structure where the low density structure 8 is surrounded by one or more panels 3 of thermoplastic polymer composite.
- the low density structure generally has a density of less than 200 kg / m 3 , preferably less than 150 kg / m 3 , and even more preferably less than 75 kg / m 3 .
- the low density structure is for example selected from wood (such as balsa), a honeycomb structure or expanded or foamed plastic (such as expanded polystyrene or PET foam (polyethylene terephthalate), or PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
- the invention relates to a piece of wind turbine blade 2 made of thermoplastic polymer composite to form a wind turbine blade 1 according to the invention wherein the thermoplastic polymer composite comprises a fiber reinforcement and a matrix of thermoplastic polymer (meth) acrylic.
- the thermoplastic polymer composite of the piece 2 of the wind turbine blade is at least partially covered with a thermoplastic (meth) acrylic polymer layer of at least 1 mm, preferably at least 2 mm. mm, more preferably at least 3 mm thick for example on a surface to be welded.
- the thermoplastic polymer composite is more particularly covered with this (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer layer at an interface zone. assembly to form the future weld type interface. This makes it possible in particular to avoid the appearance of zones with a lower concentration of thermoplastic polymer.
- the piece 2 of the wind turbine blade may have at least one face covered with the layer of (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a wind turbine blade 1 according to the invention, from at least two pieces of wind turbine blade.
- thermoplastic polymer composite the thermoplastic polymer composite comprising a fibrous reinforcement and a (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer matrix, said method comprising the steps of:
- thermoplastic polymer matrix (meth) acrylic at the level of the assembly interface 71
- the (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer matrix can be melted by a technique selected from: ultrasonic welding, induction welding, resistive wire welding, friction stir welding, laser welding, infrared or radiation heating. ultraviolet. Preferably it is melted by resistive wire welding.
- the welding according to the invention can be carried out with or without the addition of thermoplastic material
- the temperature at the assembly interface 71 is between 160 and 300 ° C. This temperature can be measured conventionally by infrared thermometer.
- the method 200 for manufacturing a wind turbine blade according to the invention may comprise a prior step 210 for manufacturing thermoplastic polymer composite wind turbine blade parts, the thermoplastic polymer composite comprising a fibrous reinforcement. and a thermoplastic polymer matrix
- the step 210 of manufacturing a piece of wind turbine blade comprising the following sub-steps:
- the pieces of thermoplastic polymer composite wind turbine blade 2 may be manufactured at a temperature below 150 ° C., preferably below 140 ° C., even more preferably lower. at 125 ° C, advantageously below 120 ° C, more preferably below 110 ° C and even more preferably below 100 ° C.
- the step of impregnating the fibrous reinforcement with the liquid (meth) acrylic composition is carried out at a temperature of less than 150 ° C., preferably less than 120 ° C., even more preferably less than 100 ° C. less than 80 ° C.
- the (meth) acrylic liquid composition used for the manufacture of thermoplastic polymer composite wind turbine blade parts 2 is liquid at a temperature much lower than the conventional melting temperatures of conventional thermoplastics.
- This makes it possible to produce the pieces of wind turbine blades that are of very large size without having to implement processes where said parts are heated to high temperatures.
- the methods that can be used to make these parts do not require a heating step at a high temperature as could have been the case with a conventional thermoplastic.
- the step 210 of manufacture of turbine blade part 2 may also comprise a sub-step 213 for depositing a layer of (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer. This deposit may preferably be at an assembly interface area intended to form the future weld type interface. Alternatively, the deposit is made on the entire part 2 of the wind turbine blade.
- VARI Vacuum-assisted resin infusion
- RTM resin transfer molding
- HP-RTM, C-RTM, I-RTM reaction-injection molding
- R-RIM reinforced injection-reaction molding
- press molding compression molding, liquid compression molding (LCM) or sheet molding (SMC) or bulk molding (BMC).
- the polymer composite wind turbine blade parts are manufactured by low pressure injection molding, infusion molding or by molding thermoplastic (meth) acrylic polymer composite tapes, for example prepreg tapes.
- a first preferred manufacturing method for manufacturing wind turbine blade parts is a method in which the (meth) acrylic liquid composition is transferred to the fibrous reinforcement by impregnating the fibrous reinforcement in a mold. Processes requiring a mold are listed above and include the word molding.
- a second preferred manufacturing method for manufacturing wind turbine blade parts are processes in which the liquid composition is used in the pultrusion process.
- the fibers are guided via a batch of resin comprising the composition according to the invention.
- the fibers in the form of fibrous reinforcement are, for example, in the form of a unidirectional roving or a continuous filament mat. After impregnation in the resin batch, the wet fibers are drawn through a heated die, where the polymerization occurs.
- a third preferred method of manufacture is vacuum-assisted resin infusion (VARI).
- the method of manufacturing wind turbine blade parts may further comprise the post-forming step.
- Post-forming involves bending and changing the shape of the composite part.
- the method of manufacturing wind turbine blade parts may further comprise a rolling step.
- thermoplastic parts obtained by the processes according to the invention may be post-formed after polymerization of the liquid composition of the invention. Forming includes bending and changing the shape of the composite part.
- the (meth) acrylic liquid composition may comprise a (meth) acrylic monomer, a precursor (meth) acrylic polymer and a radical initiator as described in WO2013 / 056845 and WO2014 / 013028.
- (Meth) acrylic, or impregnating syrup must be regulated and adapted so as not to be too fluid or too viscous, to properly impregnate each fiber fiber reinforcement.
- wetting is partial, either because the syrup is too fluid or too viscous, "bare" areas, that is to say non-impregnated areas, and areas in which drops of polymer are formed on the fibers , which are the cause of the formation of bubbles, respectively, appear.
- These "bare” zones and these bubbles lead to the appearance of defects in the final composite material, which are the cause, inter alia, of a loss of mechanical strength of the final composite material.
- said (meth) acrylic liquid composition preferably has a dynamic viscosity of between 10 mPa * s and 10,000 mPa * s at 25 ° C.
- the dynamic viscosity of the liquid composition or (meth) acrylic syrup is in the range of 10 mPa * s to 10,000 mPa * s, preferably 20 mPa * s to 7000 mPa * s and preferably 20 mPa * s to 5000 mPa.s.
- the viscosity of the liquid (meth) acrylic composition, or liquid (meth) acrylic syrup can be easily measured with a rheometer or viscometer. The dynamic viscosity is measured at 25 ° C. If the syrup
- (Meth) acrylic liquid exhibits a non-tonian behavior, that is to say without shear thinning, the dynamic viscosity is independent of the shear in a rheometer or the speed of the mobile in a viscometer. If the liquid composition exhibits non-Newtonian behavior, i.e. with shear thinning, the dynamic viscosity is measured at a shear rate of 1 to 25 ° C.
- the (meth) acrylic monomer is selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkylacrylic monomers, alkylmethacrylic monomers, hydroxyalkylacrylic monomers and hydroxyalkylmethacrylic monomers, and mixtures thereof.
- the (meth) acrylic monomer is chosen from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, hydroxyalkylacrylic monomers, hydroxyalkylmethacrylic monomers, alkylacrylic monomers, alkylmethacrylic monomers and mixtures thereof, the group alkyl containing from 1 to 22 linear, branched or cyclic carbons; the alkyl group preferably containing from 1 to 12 linear, branched or cyclic carbons.
- the (meth) acrylic monomer is chosen from methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate and isobutyl acrylate.
- At least 50% by weight and preferably at least 60% by weight of the (meth) acrylic monomer is methyl methacrylate.
- At least 50% by weight preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, advantageously at least 80% by weight and even more advantageously 90% by weight.
- By weight of the monomer is a mixture of methyl methacrylate with optionally at least one other monomer.
- the precursor (meth) acrylic polymer there may be mentioned polyalkyl methacrylates or polyalkyl acrylates. According to a preferred embodiment, the polymer
- (meth) acrylic precursor is poly (methyl methacrylate)
- the homopolymer or copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) comprises at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, advantageously at least 90% and more advantageously at least 95% by weight of methyl methacrylate.
- the PMMA is a mixture of at least one homopolymer and at least one MMA copolymer, or a mixture of at least two homopolymers or two MMA copolymers with a different average molecular weight, or a mixture of at least two MMA copolymers having a different monomer composition.
- the methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymer comprises from 70% to 99.7% by weight of methyl methacrylate and from 0.3% to 30% by weight of at least one monomer containing at least one ethylenic unsaturation. which can copolymerize with methyl methacrylate.
- the comonomer is an alkyl acrylate wherein the alkyl group contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymer comprises from 80% to 99.7%, advantageously from 90% to 99.7% and more advantageously from 90% to 99.5%. by weight of methyl methacrylate and from 0.3% to 20%, advantageously from 0.3% to 10% and more preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight of at least one monomer containing at least one ethylenic unsaturation which can copolymerize with methyl methacrylate.
- the comonomer is selected from methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate, and mixtures thereof.
- the weight average molecular weight of the precursor (meth) acrylic polymer must be high, that is to say greater than 50,000 g / mol and preferably greater than 100,000 g / mol.
- the weight average molecular weight can be measured by size exclusion chromatography.
- the (meth) acrylic precursor polymer is totally soluble in the (meth) acrylic monomer or in the monomer mixture
- the liquid composition or solution obtained is generally called “syrup” or “prepolymer”.
- the dynamic viscosity value of the liquid (meth) acrylic syrup is between 10 mPa.s and 10,000 mPa.s.
- the viscosity of the syrup can be easily measured with a rheometer or viscometer.
- the dynamic viscosity is measured at 25 ° C.
- Liquid (meth) acrylic contains no additional solvents added voluntarily.
- the (meth) acrylic monomer or the mixture of the (meth) acrylic monomers in the (meth) acrylic liquid composition or the liquid (meth) acrylic syrup are present at a level of at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 40% by weight. at least 45% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight and more preferably at least 65% by weight the (meth) acrylic liquid composition.
- the precursor (meth) acrylic polymer in the (meth) acrylic liquid composition or the liquid (meth) acrylic syrup is present in at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15%, advantageously at least 10% by weight. at least 18% and more preferably at least 20% by weight in the (meth) acrylic liquid composition.
- the precursor (meth) acrylic polymer in the liquid (meth) acrylic composition or the liquid (meth) acrylic syrup is present up to at most 60% by weight, preferably at most 50%, advantageously from at most 40% and more preferably at most 35% by weight in the liquid composition
- the (meth) acrylic liquid composition or the syrup, the syrup compounds are incorporated in the following percentages by mass:
- the (meth) acrylic monomer in the liquid composition or the (meth) acrylic syrup are present in proportions of between 40% and 90% by weight and preferably between 45% and 85% by weight of the monomer composition (meth) acrylic and the (meth) acrylic polymer,
- the (meth) acrylic polymer in the liquid composition or the (meth) acrylic syrup are present in proportions of between 10% and 60% by weight and advantageously between 15% and 55% by weight of the composition consisting of ) (meth) acrylic monomer and the (meth) acrylic polymer, preferably the (meth) acrylic polymer in the liquid composition is present in proportions between 18% and 30%, more preferably between 20 and 25% by weight of the composition consisting of the (meth) acrylic monomer and the (meth) acrylic polymer.
- radical initiators preferably water-soluble radicals or liposoluble or partially liposoluble radical polymerization initiators.
- the water-soluble radical polymerization initiators are in particular sodium, potassium or ammonium persulfates, used alone or in the presence of reducing agents such as sodium metabisulfites or hydrosulfites, sodium thiosulfate, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate and the like.
- the liposoluble or partially liposoluble radical polymerization initiators are in particular peroxides or hydroperoxides and derivatives of azobisisobutyronitrile. Peroxides or hydroperoxides are used in combination with the reducing agents described above so as to lower their activation temperature.
- the mass percentage of initiator relative to the total weight of the monomer mixture is preferably between 0.05% by weight and 3% by weight, preferably between 0.1% by weight and 2% by weight.
- the wind turbine blades 1 may comprise a plurality of thermoplastic polymer composite parts 2 in which the thermoplastic polymer composite comprises a fibrous reinforcement and a (meth) acrylic thermoplastic polymer matrix. and wherein said wind turbine blade pieces 2 have assembly interface areas 71 for quickly and easily welding them to a stiffening member 6.
- the invention proposes wind turbine blades that can be manufactured faster than conventional wind turbine blades while being recyclable and satisfactory from a mechanical and chemical stability point of view.
- the invention also allows quick and easy assembly, repair or adjustment at the installation site. [00110] All these advantages therefore contribute to reducing the production and installation costs of such wind turbines.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1752045A FR3063774B1 (fr) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | Pale d’eolienne en composite polymere thermoplastique, piece de ladite pale et methode de fabrication |
PCT/FR2018/050590 WO2018172656A1 (fr) | 2017-03-13 | 2018-03-13 | Pale d'eolienne en composite polymere thermoplastique, piece de ladite pale et methode de fabrication |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3596338A1 true EP3596338A1 (fr) | 2020-01-22 |
Family
ID=59253639
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18714569.3A Pending EP3596338A1 (fr) | 2017-03-13 | 2018-03-13 | Pale d'eolienne en composite polymere thermoplastique, piece de ladite pale et methode de fabrication |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11624347B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3596338A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP7158401B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR102478910B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN110612392B (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112019018836A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3055485A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3063774B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2019010637A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2018172656A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3397444A4 (fr) * | 2017-03-10 | 2019-06-19 | GFSI Group LLC | Recyclage de pale d'éolienne |
BR112022004057A2 (pt) * | 2019-09-13 | 2022-05-31 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation & Technology SL | Pá de turbina eólica |
GB202015867D0 (en) * | 2020-10-07 | 2020-11-18 | Blade Dynamics Ltd | Blade shell section for a wind turbine blade |
GB2602444B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2023-05-10 | Coeus Ltd | Structural shell |
US12053908B2 (en) | 2021-02-01 | 2024-08-06 | Regen Fiber, Llc | Method and system for recycling wind turbine blades |
KR102513583B1 (ko) | 2021-05-04 | 2023-03-22 | 두산에너빌리티 주식회사 | 풍력 발전기의 블레이드 및 이를 포함하는 풍력 발전기 |
FR3128155B1 (fr) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-11-10 | Safran | Procédé de fabrication d’une aube comprenant une cavité renforcée |
FR3140573B1 (fr) | 2022-10-05 | 2024-10-25 | Arkema France | Semelle de longeron et procédé de production correspondant |
GB2627440A (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2024-08-28 | Dfm Blades Ltd | Method of manufacturing a spar structure, a spar structure for a wind blade, a wind blade, and an apparatus for manufacturing a spar structure |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AUPR673101A0 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2001-08-23 | Cooperative Research Centre For Advanced Composite Structures Limited | Welding techniques for polymer or polymer composite components |
EP1393892A1 (fr) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-03-03 | Alcan Technology & Management Ltd. | Plaque en mousse polymère |
EP1880833A1 (fr) * | 2006-07-19 | 2008-01-23 | National University of Ireland, Galway | Articles composites comprenant des matériaux thermoplastiques polymerisables in-situ et méthodes de fabrication associées |
US7976282B2 (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2011-07-12 | General Electric Company | Preform spar cap for a wind turbine rotor blade |
GB2463250A (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-10 | Vestas Wind Sys As | A wind turbine blade formed from welded thermoplastic sections |
JP5536103B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2014-07-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 風車回転翼 |
US20110135485A1 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-06-09 | Jing Wang | Spar for a wind turbine rotor blade and method for fabricating the same |
GB2489477B (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2013-04-24 | Gurit Uk Ltd | Spar for a turbine blade and manufacture thereof |
FR2973803B1 (fr) * | 2011-04-07 | 2013-04-05 | Arkema France | Nouveau materiau acrylique renforce au choc |
FR2977186B1 (fr) * | 2011-07-01 | 2014-08-22 | Daher Aerospace | Procede de renforcement local d'un panneau composite a renfort fibreux et panneau obtenu par un tel procede |
FR2981652B1 (fr) * | 2011-10-21 | 2015-03-27 | Arkema France | Composites via la polymerisation in-situ de resines thermoplastiques methacryliques |
EP2837366B1 (fr) * | 2012-04-12 | 2018-03-07 | Zakharov, Ivan Dmitrievich | Dispositif de drainage et son procédé de fabrication |
US8641339B2 (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2014-02-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for railroad transportation of wind turbine blades |
FR2993581B1 (fr) | 2012-07-18 | 2016-01-22 | Arkema France | Procede d'impregnation pour un substrat fibreux, sirop (meth)acrylique liquide pour le procede d'impregnation, son procede de polymerisation et produit structure obtenu a partir de celui-ci |
FR3002940B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-08 | 2016-01-22 | Arkema France | Sirop (meth)acrylique liquide d'impregnation d'un substrat fibreux et son procede de fabrication, procede d'impregnation d'un substrat fibreux, materiau composite obtenu apres polymerisation dudit substrat pre-impregne. |
US10006436B2 (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2018-06-26 | General Electric Company | Wind turbine rotor blades with load-transferring exterior panels |
FR3037066B1 (fr) * | 2015-06-05 | 2019-06-21 | Arkema France | Procede d'impregnation d'un substrat fibreux avec un melange (meth)acrylique comprenant une substance ignifugeante |
US10830205B2 (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2020-11-10 | General Electric Company | Rotor blades having thermoplastic components and methods of assembling same |
US10422315B2 (en) * | 2015-09-01 | 2019-09-24 | General Electric Company | Pultruded components for a shear web of a wind turbine rotor blade |
US10161381B2 (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2018-12-25 | General Electric Company | Rotor blades having thermoplastic components and methods for joining rotor blade components |
-
2017
- 2017-03-13 FR FR1752045A patent/FR3063774B1/fr active Active
-
2018
- 2018-03-13 CA CA3055485A patent/CA3055485A1/fr active Pending
- 2018-03-13 BR BR112019018836A patent/BR112019018836A2/pt unknown
- 2018-03-13 WO PCT/FR2018/050590 patent/WO2018172656A1/fr unknown
- 2018-03-13 US US16/492,958 patent/US11624347B2/en active Active
- 2018-03-13 EP EP18714569.3A patent/EP3596338A1/fr active Pending
- 2018-03-13 CN CN201880031421.7A patent/CN110612392B/zh active Active
- 2018-03-13 MX MX2019010637A patent/MX2019010637A/es unknown
- 2018-03-13 JP JP2019549430A patent/JP7158401B2/ja active Active
- 2018-03-13 KR KR1020197029554A patent/KR102478910B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3055485A1 (fr) | 2018-09-27 |
CN110612392B (zh) | 2022-07-12 |
US11624347B2 (en) | 2023-04-11 |
US20200018283A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
MX2019010637A (es) | 2019-10-17 |
BR112019018836A2 (pt) | 2020-04-14 |
WO2018172656A1 (fr) | 2018-09-27 |
KR20190122834A (ko) | 2019-10-30 |
KR102478910B1 (ko) | 2022-12-16 |
JP2020510157A (ja) | 2020-04-02 |
FR3063774A1 (fr) | 2018-09-14 |
JP7158401B2 (ja) | 2022-10-21 |
FR3063774B1 (fr) | 2021-06-11 |
CN110612392A (zh) | 2019-12-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3596338A1 (fr) | Pale d'eolienne en composite polymere thermoplastique, piece de ladite pale et methode de fabrication | |
WO2018172657A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication de pieces en composite polymere thermoplastique, et objet obtenu par ledit procede | |
EP2160275B1 (fr) | Procédé d'imprégnation de fibres continues par une matrice polymérique composite renfermant un polymère fluoré greffé | |
CN105531307B (zh) | 用于制造复合材料的预浸料坯 | |
EP2964692B1 (fr) | Sirop (meth) acrylique liquide d'impregnation d'un substrat fibreux et son procede de fabrication, procede d'impregnation d'un substrat fibreux, materiau composite obtenu apres polymerisation dudit substrat pre-impregne | |
FR2981652A1 (fr) | Composites via la polymerisation in-situ de resines thermoplastiques methacryliques | |
EP3237538B1 (fr) | Sirop (meth)acrylique liquide, procede d'impregnation d'un substrat fibreux par ledit sirop, et procédé de fabrication de pièces ou d'articles mécaniques structurés à l'aide de ce syrop | |
EP2970684B1 (fr) | Sirop (meth) acrylique liquide d'impregantion d'un substrat fibreux, procede d'impregnation d'un substrat fibreux, materiau composite obtenu apres polymerisation dudit substrat pre-impregne | |
JP2020510157A5 (fr) | ||
EP2964452B1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau composite multicouche, matériau composite multicouche obtenu par le procédé et pièces ou structures mécaniques réalisées avec ledit matériau | |
CA2515005C (fr) | Panneau en laine minerale dote d'un voile recouvrant les deux faces | |
JP6836014B2 (ja) | マルチマテリアル複合体およびその製造方法 | |
FR3006233A1 (fr) | Profile en materiau composite destine a venir renforcer un profile en pvc, et procede de production de ce profile | |
FR3140573A1 (fr) | Semelle de longeron et procédé de production correspondant | |
FR2941165A1 (fr) | Cale d'epaisseur a haute resistance en pression. | |
FR3105069A1 (fr) | Composition composite polymérique comprenant deux zones comportant différents renforcements, son procédé de fabrication, son utilisation et article le comprenant | |
FR3079446A1 (fr) | Procede de renforcement de plaque thermoplastique | |
WO2021048483A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'une piece composite renforcee par des nanotubes |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20190927 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20220209 |
|
P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20230526 |