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EP3585986B1 - Process for manufacturing an internally cooled valve having a cooling structure, and valve manufactured by said method - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing an internally cooled valve having a cooling structure, and valve manufactured by said method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3585986B1
EP3585986B1 EP18710795.8A EP18710795A EP3585986B1 EP 3585986 B1 EP3585986 B1 EP 3585986B1 EP 18710795 A EP18710795 A EP 18710795A EP 3585986 B1 EP3585986 B1 EP 3585986B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
manufacturing
internally cooled
rolling
cavity
Prior art date
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EP18710795.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3585986A1 (en
Inventor
Thorsten MATTHIAS
Antonius Wolking
Guido Bayard
Arief LUTHFI
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Federal Mogul Valvetrain GmbH
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Federal Mogul Valvetrain GmbH
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Priority to PL18710795T priority Critical patent/PL3585986T3/en
Publication of EP3585986A1 publication Critical patent/EP3585986A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/12—Cooling of valves
    • F01L3/14—Cooling of valves by means of a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in a valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
    • B21K1/22—Making machine elements valve parts poppet valves, e.g. for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a manufacturing method for manufacturing an internally cooled valve, a cooling structure being attached to the valve base in a cavity of the valve.
  • the present method further relates to a valve which was produced using the method according to the invention.
  • the American patent application US 2280758 relates to an internally cooled valve with a structure on an inside of the valve disk that is intended to deflect the coolant in the direction of an outside of the valve.
  • patent documents CN 202645663 U and DE 102015116009 B3 relate to internally cooled valves whose cavity is closed by a cover on the valve disk surface.
  • German patent application DE 102015118495 A1 discloses a method for forming disk-shaped blanks by deep drawing and pressing into a valve.
  • a manufacturing method for an internally cooled valve blank for an internally cooled valve with the features of claim 1 is already provided.
  • Preferred embodiments of the method and the finished valve are described in the dependent claims.
  • provided which comprises providing a semifinished product which is at least partially cylindrical on the outside, generating or deepening an at least partially cylindrical cavity in the semifinished product by hot forming with a punch, whereby a valve molding is produced.
  • the procedure stands out inventive in that the end face of the punch is provided with at least one recess, through which a structure is formed on a bottom of the cavity during reshaping. In this way, the cooling structure is embossed from above into the inside of a valve base through an area which is later formed into a valve stem.
  • the part that will later form the valve stem is reduced in diameter, so that a cavity is present in the later valve which has a larger diameter in the valve head than in the valve stem.
  • any type of weld seams in the area of the valve head or the valve base can be dispensed with.
  • the method can be referred to as embossing a structure in the cavity in the area of the valve base, followed by a step of reshaping a part of the valve blank into a valve stem without essentially changing the structure in the valve base.
  • This initial step can be used directly when forming from a disk-shaped or cylindrical semi-finished product, with the disk-shaped or cylindrical semi-finished product being reshaped into a cup-shaped valve molding.
  • a semi-finished product that is already cup-shaped, however, it is also possible in a further processing step to emboss the cooling structure on the inside of the valve base and also to at least partially deepen the recess.
  • the forming comprises a reverse extrusion.
  • a valve molding can be pressed in a single step from an essentially cylindrical or disk-shaped semi-finished product.
  • a valve or poppet valve is then formed from the valve molding by further processing steps, into the cavity of which a coolant such as sodium is then introduced.
  • the forming includes forging.
  • a valve disk can also be molded on both during forging and reverse extrusion.
  • the structure comprises cooling fins that run in a circular or star shape.
  • the cooling fins run in a circular or star shape from an axis of the valve molding.
  • Another embodiment of the manufacturing process uses a stamp of a structure in the form of pins, or cones, or truncated cones in the cavity on Press-fit valve base, which serve as cooling elements.
  • Rod-shaped, conical or also frustoconical cooling elements can enable a large heat transfer due to their large surface. It is also intended to use truncated cones at an edge of the piston crown and rather conical cooling elements in the middle.
  • a conical cooling element lying on the axis of symmetry of the valve or valve blank can also divert the coolant flow from a movement in an axial direction in a radial direction towards the cup rim in order to improve the cooling of the valve head.
  • the structure comprises guide vanes which can set a coolant moving in the cavity in the valve into rotation about an axis of symmetry of the valve.
  • the guide vanes can be arranged in a manner similar to that of a radial compressor turbine.
  • the method can further comprise, during the reshaping or after the reshaping, a molding of a valve head onto the valve molding.
  • a lower part of the semi-finished product or the valve blank is widened and shaped into a valve disk or valve disk edge.
  • a diameter of the valve molding is reduced in the axial direction next to the valve head, and a valve stem is thus formed.
  • the cup-shaped valve molding has to be further formed in order to be used as a poppet valve.
  • the invention is based on the fact that a recess with a large diameter, larger than the later valve stem diameter, is pressed into a semi-finished product, with a structure being pressed into the bottom of the recess which improves cooling of a later valve base. It is particularly advantageous if the subsequent cavity in the valve has a particularly large diameter in order to be able to absorb a particularly large amount of heat from the valve base.
  • the proposed method enables cooling structures to be attached or impressed on the inside of the valve base, since here a low ratio of diameter to a height of the punch enables a large amount of force to be transmitted. This is not possible with conventional hollow valves because the stamps required for this have an unfavorable length to diameter ratio and could give way to the side during a stamping process.
  • valve stem is formed by rolling, rotary kneading, preferably by hot or cold hammering on a mandrel.
  • the forging tool gives the workpiece radial blows and thus gives the machined workpiece a smaller cross-section. By stretching the material, you can achieve a higher quality than with machining.
  • Mandrels can be used to ensure that a cavity in the interior of the workpiece has a desired inside diameter.
  • the manufacturing method comprises rolling or cross-wedge rolling on a mandrel, the valve stem being formed by the rolling.
  • an internally cooled valve which has been produced by one of the above methods.
  • FIGS. 1A to 1F are sectional views of various production sections of an internally cooled valve according to the invention are shown.
  • Figure 1A shows a sectional view of a cylindrical semi-finished product 2, which is used as a starting material for the production of an internally cooled poppet valve.
  • Figure 1B shows a sectional view of a cup-shaped deformed semi-finished product 45.
  • the cup-shaped deformed semi-finished product 4 was deformed from above into a cup-shaped by a punch (not shown). The forming can be carried out as hot or cold forming. Backward extrusion was used here, as a result of which the height of the deformed semifinished product 4 compared to the non-deformed semifinished product 2 is from Figure 1 has increased significantly.
  • a good diameter-to-length ratio makes it possible to use back extrusion without the risk of the punch deforming laterally.
  • Figure 1C shows the cup-shaped formed semi-finished product 4, which was further formed into a first valve molding 8.
  • a similar punch can be used to form a valve head 16 by transverse and backward extrusion, the cooling structures 6 still being arranged in the recess.
  • the diameter of the first valve molding 8 in the area of the valve head 16 can be increased, the thickness of the valve base 18 also being significantly reduced in this step.
  • a length of a sheep portion 20 can be increased at the same time by a proportion of a backward extrusion, wherein a diameter of the shaft portion is not increased.
  • the first valve molding 8 can therefore also be reshaped in a single step from an essentially cylindrical semi-finished product, with the step that is performed by Figure 1B is shown, is skipped or omitted.
  • Figure 1D shows the first valve molding 8 as it has been further processed by rolling, cross-wedge rolling or hammering in the shaft region 22 in order to reduce the diameter of the shaft and to increase a length of the shaft, whereby a second valve molding 10 was produced.
  • the cooling structures 6 are not or only slightly deformed.
  • FIG. 10 shows the second valve molding 10 of FIG Figure 1D which was further processed by rolling, cross-wedge rolling or hammering in the shank area 24, whereby the diameter of the shank 24 was further reduced and a length of the shank 24 was further increased.
  • the second valve molding 10 was reshaped into a third valve molding 12.
  • the cooling structures 6 in the region of the valve base 18 of the cavity 30 are not or only slightly deformed.
  • Figure 1E shows the third valve molding 12 after further processing by rolling, cross-wedge rolling or hammering in the stem area 24 and at the transition to the valve disk 16.
  • an outer diameter of the valve stem 26 can be one or almost to a final size.
  • the shaft or the cavity 32 or the recess can now be filled with a coolant (not shown) and the cavity can be closed.
  • a length of the shaft 26 ' is also increased up to or above a final dimension.
  • the shaft and the valve head can also be finished by machining or abrasion.
  • the cooling structures 6 also wound slightly in the area of the valve base 18 of the cavity 30. Overall, however, a larger cavity remains in the area of the valve head 16, which is additionally provided with cooling structures 6, which enable a higher heat transfer from the valve base to a coolant in the cavity 32.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Herstellungsverfahren zum Herstellen eines Innengekühlten Ventils wobei in einen Hohlraum des Ventils eine Kühlstruktur am Ventilboden angebracht ist. Das Vorliegende Verfahren betrifft weiter ein Ventil das mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellt wurde.The present invention relates to a manufacturing method for manufacturing an internally cooled valve, a cooling structure being attached to the valve base in a cavity of the valve. The present method further relates to a valve which was produced using the method according to the invention.

Es sind bereits seit längerem innengekühlte Ventile bekannt bei denen sich ein Hohlraum im Ventilschaft erstreckt und bei dem Natrium durch eine sogenannte "Shaker-Kühlung" Wärme von einem Ventilkopf in Richtung des durch den Motorkopf gekühlten Ventilschaft transportiert wird.Internally cooled valves have been known for a long time in which a cavity extends in the valve stem and in which sodium is transported by so-called "shaker cooling" heat from a valve head in the direction of the valve stem cooled by the motor head.

Es ist ebenfalls bekannt durch einsetzbare Ventilböden Kühlstrukturen innen in dem Hohlraum anzuordnen um einen Wärmeübertrag von dem Ventilboden auf das Kühlmittel in dem Hohlraum zu verbessern. Da jedoch durch eine Schweißnaht mit der ein gesonderter Ventilboden mit dem Ventilkopf verbunden ist das Material des Ventils geschwächt wird kann es hier zu Ventilausfällen und erheblichen Motorschäden kommen, wenn die Schweißnaht versagt und Kühlmittel in den Brennraum austritt oder der Gesamte Ventilboden in den Brennraum fällt. Weiterhin stellt ein Verschweißen einen technisch aufwändigen und kostspieligen Verarbeitungsschritt dar.It is also known to arrange cooling structures inside the cavity by insertable valve bases in order to improve a heat transfer from the valve base to the coolant in the cavity. However, since the material of the valve is weakened by a welded seam with which a separate valve base is connected to the valve head, valve failures and considerable engine damage can occur if the weld fails and coolant escapes into the combustion chamber or the entire valve base falls into the combustion chamber. Furthermore, welding is a technically complex and costly processing step.

Aus der japanischen Patentanmeldung JP 2014084725 A ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem ein Ventilformling durch Rundkneten hergestellt wird, wobei vorher eine Struktur auf einer Innenseite einer Tellerfläche aufgebracht werden kann.From the Japanese patent application JP 2014084725 A a method is known in which a valve molding is produced by rotary kneading, it being possible beforehand to apply a structure to the inside of a plate surface.

Aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP2811126 A1 ist ein Verfahren bekannt bei dem ein Ventilformling durch Gesenkschmieden aus einem Halbzeug geformt wird, dessen Schaft in späteren Schritten verjüngt wird.From the European patent application EP2811126 A1 a method is known in which a valve blank is formed by drop forging from a semi-finished product, the shaft of which is tapered in later steps.

In der amerikanischen Patenanmeldung US 2328512 A ist eine Verfahren offenbart, mit dem ein Ventilboden eines innengekühlten Ventils durch einen Prägevorgang mit einer StrukturIn the American patent application US 2328512 A discloses a method with which a valve base of an internally cooled valve by an embossing process with a structure

Die amerikanische Patentanmeldung US 2280758 betrifft ein innengekühltes Ventil mit einer Struktur an einer Innenseite des Ventiltellers, die das Kühlmittel in Richtung einer Außenseite des Ventils umlenken soll.The American patent application US 2280758 relates to an internally cooled valve with a structure on an inside of the valve disk that is intended to deflect the coolant in the direction of an outside of the valve.

Die Patentdokumente CN 202645663 U und DE 102015116009 B3 betreffen innengekühlte Ventile, deren Hohlraum durch einen Deckel an der Ventiltellerfläche verschlossen ist.The patent documents CN 202645663 U and DE 102015116009 B3 relate to internally cooled valves whose cavity is closed by a cover on the valve disk surface.

Die deutsche Patentanmeldung DE 102015118495 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zum Umformen scheibenförmigen Rohlings durch Tiefziehen und Drücken zu einem Ventil.The German patent application DE 102015118495 A1 discloses a method for forming disk-shaped blanks by deep drawing and pressing into a valve.

Es ist also wünschenswert ein Verfahren zur Verfügung zu haben, mit dem eine Kühlstruktur an einer Innenseite eines Kühlmittelhohlraums im Bereich des Ventilbodens angebracht werden kann, ohne dass hierfür gesonderte Schweißnähte im Bereich des Ventilbodens oder des Ventilkopfes notwendig sind.It is therefore desirable to have a method available with which a cooling structure can be attached to an inside of a coolant cavity in the area of the valve base without the need for separate welds in the area of the valve base or the valve head.

Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Herstellungsverfahren für ein innengekühltes Ventilformling für ein innengekühltes Ventil mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bereitsgestell. Bevorzugte Ausführungen des Verfahrens und das fertige Ventil sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben. bereitgestellt das, ein Bereitstellen eines im außen zumindest teilweise zylinderförmigen Halbzeuges, ein Erzeugen oder Vertiefen eines zumindest teilweise zylinderförmigen Hohlraums in dem Halbzeug durch Warmumformen mit einem Stempel umfasst, wodurch ein Ventilformling erzeugt wird. Das Verfahren zeichnet sich dabei dadurch erfinderisch aus, dass die Stirnfläche des Stempels mit mindestens einer Ausnehmung versehen ist, durch die beim Umformen eine Struktur auf einem Boden des Hohlraums geformt wird. Damit wird die Kühlstruktur von oben durch einen Bereich der später zu einem Ventilschaft umgeformt wird in die Innenseite eines Ventilbodens eingeprägt. In einen späteren Zeitraum wird der Teil der später den Ventilschaft bildet im Durchmesser verringert, sodass ein Hohlraum im späteren Ventil vorliegt, der in dem Ventilkopf einen größeren Durchmesser aufweist als im Ventilschaft. Durch dieses Verfahren kann auf jede Art von Schweißnähten im Beriech des Ventilkopfes oder des Ventilbodens verzichtet werden. Kurz kann das Verfahren als Einprägen einer Struktur in den Hohlraum im Bereich des Ventilbodens bezeichnet werden, gefolgt von einem Schritt des Umformens eines Teils des Ventilrohlings zu einem Ventilschaft, ohne dabei die Struktur im Ventilboden im Wesentlichen zu verändern.According to the present invention, a manufacturing method for an internally cooled valve blank for an internally cooled valve with the features of claim 1 is already provided. Preferred embodiments of the method and the finished valve are described in the dependent claims. provided which comprises providing a semifinished product which is at least partially cylindrical on the outside, generating or deepening an at least partially cylindrical cavity in the semifinished product by hot forming with a punch, whereby a valve molding is produced. The procedure stands out inventive in that the end face of the punch is provided with at least one recess, through which a structure is formed on a bottom of the cavity during reshaping. In this way, the cooling structure is embossed from above into the inside of a valve base through an area which is later formed into a valve stem. In a later period of time, the part that will later form the valve stem is reduced in diameter, so that a cavity is present in the later valve which has a larger diameter in the valve head than in the valve stem. With this method, any type of weld seams in the area of the valve head or the valve base can be dispensed with. Briefly, the method can be referred to as embossing a structure in the cavity in the area of the valve base, followed by a step of reshaping a part of the valve blank into a valve stem without essentially changing the structure in the valve base.

Dieser anfängliche Schritt kann direkt beim Umformen aus einem scheiben- oder zylinderförmigen Halbzeug angewendet werden, wobei das scheiben- oder zylinderförmige Halbzeug zu einem napfförmigen Ventilformling umgeformt wird. Es ist jedoch ebenfalls möglich bei einem bereits napfförmigen Halbzeug in einem weiteren Bearbeitungsschritt die Kühlstruktur innen in den Ventilboden einzuprägen und dabei ebenfalls die Vertiefung zumindest teilweise zu vertiefen.This initial step can be used directly when forming from a disk-shaped or cylindrical semi-finished product, with the disk-shaped or cylindrical semi-finished product being reshaped into a cup-shaped valve molding. In the case of a semi-finished product that is already cup-shaped, however, it is also possible in a further processing step to emboss the cooling structure on the inside of the valve base and also to at least partially deepen the recess.

Bei einer beispielhaften Ausführung des Herstellungsverfahrens für ein innengekühltes Ventil umfasst das wobei das Umformen ein Rückwärtsfließpressen. Bei einer derartigen Auslegung kann einem einzelnen Schritt aus einem im Wesentlichen zylinderförmigen bzw. scheibenförmigen Halbzeug ein Ventilformling gepresst werden. Aus dem Ventilformling wird dann durch weitere Bearbeitungsschritte ein Ventil bzw. Tellerventil geformt, in dessen Hohlraum dann ein Kühlmittel wie Natrium eingebracht wird.In an exemplary embodiment of the manufacturing method for an internally cooled valve, the forming comprises a reverse extrusion. With such a design, a valve molding can be pressed in a single step from an essentially cylindrical or disk-shaped semi-finished product. A valve or poppet valve is then formed from the valve molding by further processing steps, into the cavity of which a coolant such as sodium is then introduced.

Bei einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung des Herstellungsverfahrens umfasst das Umformen ein Schmieden. Dabei kann sowohl beim Schmieden als auch beim Rückwärtsfließpressen ebenfalls ein Ventilteller angeformt werden.In a further exemplary embodiment of the production method, the forming includes forging. A valve disk can also be molded on both during forging and reverse extrusion.

Bei einer zusätzlichen Ausführungsform des Herstellungsverfahrens umfasst die Struktur Kühlrippen, die kreisförmig oder sternförmig verlaufen. Die Kühlrippen verlaufen dabei Kreisförmig oder Sternförmig von einer Achse des Ventilformlings.In an additional embodiment of the production method, the structure comprises cooling fins that run in a circular or star shape. The cooling fins run in a circular or star shape from an axis of the valve molding.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform des Herstellungsverfahrens verwendet einen Stempel der eine Struktur in Form von Stiften, oder Kegel, oder Kegelstümpfen in den Hohlraum am Ventilboden einpresst, die als Kühlelemente Dienen. Gerade stab-, kegel- oder auch kegelstumpfförmige Kühlelemente können aufgrund ihrer großen Oberfläche einen großen Wärmeübertrag ermöglichen. Es ist ebenfalls vorgesehen an einem Rand des Kolbenbodens eher Kegelstümpfe einzusetzen und in der Mitte eher Kegelförmige Kühlelemente zu verwenden. Ein auf der Symmetrieachse des Ventil bzw. Ventilformlings liegendes kegelförmiges Kühlelement kann zudem ein Umleiten des Kühlmittelstroms von einer Bewegung in einer Axialrichtung in einer Radialrichtung zum Tellerrand hin erreichen, um die Kühlung des Ventilkopfes zu verbessern.Another embodiment of the manufacturing process uses a stamp of a structure in the form of pins, or cones, or truncated cones in the cavity on Press-fit valve base, which serve as cooling elements. Rod-shaped, conical or also frustoconical cooling elements can enable a large heat transfer due to their large surface. It is also intended to use truncated cones at an edge of the piston crown and rather conical cooling elements in the middle. A conical cooling element lying on the axis of symmetry of the valve or valve blank can also divert the coolant flow from a movement in an axial direction in a radial direction towards the cup rim in order to improve the cooling of the valve head.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführung des Herstellungsverfahrens umfasst die Struktur Leitschaufeln, die ein sich in dem Hohlraum bewegendes Kühlmittel in dem Ventil in eine Drehung um eine Symmetrieachse des Ventils versetzen können. Dabei können die Leitschaufeln ähnlich wie bei einer Radialverdichter-Turbine angeordnet sein.In a further embodiment of the manufacturing method, the structure comprises guide vanes which can set a coolant moving in the cavity in the valve into rotation about an axis of symmetry of the valve. The guide vanes can be arranged in a manner similar to that of a radial compressor turbine.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann das Verfahren weiter bei dem Umformen oder nach dem Umformen ein Anformen eines Ventilkopfs an dem Ventilformling umfassen. Dabei wird ein Unterer Teil des Halbzeugs oder des Ventilformlings verbreitert und zu einem Ventilteller oder Ventiltellerrand ausgeformt.In a further embodiment, the method can further comprise, during the reshaping or after the reshaping, a molding of a valve head onto the valve molding. A lower part of the semi-finished product or the valve blank is widened and shaped into a valve disk or valve disk edge.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Herstellungsverfahrens für ein innengekühltes Ventil, wird nach dem Formen des Ventilkopfs ein Durchmesser des Venitlformlings in Axialrichtung neben dem Ventilkopf verringert, und so ein Ventilschaft gebildet. Der Napfförmige Ventilformling muss noch weiter Umgeformt werden, um als Tellerventil eingesetzt zu werden. Die Erfindung basiert darauf, dass eine Vertiefung mit einem großen Durchmesser, größer als der spätere Ventilschaftdurchmesser, in ein Halbzeug gepresst wird, wobei am Grund der Vertiefung eine Struktur eingepresst wird, die ein Kühlung eines späteren Ventilbodens verbessert. Es ist dabei besonders Vorteil, wenn der spätere Hohlraum im Ventil einen besonders großen Durchmesser aufweist, um besonders viel Wärme von dem Ventilboden aufnehmen zu können. Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren ermöglicht dabei durch den großen Durchmesser der Vertiefung anbringen bzw. einprägen von Kühlstrukturen auf der Innenseite des Ventilbodens, da hier ein geringes Verhältnis von Durchmesser zu einer Höhe des Stempels eine große Kraftübertragung ermöglicht. Dies ist bei herkömmlichen Hohlventilen nicht möglich da die dazu notwendigen Stempel eine zu ungünstiges Längen zu Durchmesser Verhältnis aufweisen und bei einem Prägevorgang seitlich ausweichen könnten.In a further embodiment of the production method for an internally cooled valve, after the valve head has been shaped, a diameter of the valve molding is reduced in the axial direction next to the valve head, and a valve stem is thus formed. The cup-shaped valve molding has to be further formed in order to be used as a poppet valve. The invention is based on the fact that a recess with a large diameter, larger than the later valve stem diameter, is pressed into a semi-finished product, with a structure being pressed into the bottom of the recess which improves cooling of a later valve base. It is particularly advantageous if the subsequent cavity in the valve has a particularly large diameter in order to be able to absorb a particularly large amount of heat from the valve base. Due to the large diameter of the recess, the proposed method enables cooling structures to be attached or impressed on the inside of the valve base, since here a low ratio of diameter to a height of the punch enables a large amount of force to be transmitted. This is not possible with conventional hollow valves because the stamps required for this have an unfavorable length to diameter ratio and could give way to the side during a stamping process.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Herstellungsverfahrens für ein innengekühltes wird der Ventilschaft durch Formwalzen, Rundkneten bevorzugt durch Warm- oder Kalthämmern auf einem Dorn geformt. Das Schmiedewerkzeug versetzt dem Werkstück radiale Schläge und gibt dem bearbeiteten Werkstück dadurch einen geringeren Querschnitt. Durch die Dehnung des Materials erreicht man dabei eine höhere Qualität als beim Zerspanen. Durch Dorne kann sichergestellt werden, dass ein Hohlraum im Inneren des Werkstücks einen gewünschten Innendurchmesser aufweist.In a further embodiment of the manufacturing process for an internally cooled the valve stem is formed by rolling, rotary kneading, preferably by hot or cold hammering on a mandrel. The forging tool gives the workpiece radial blows and thus gives the machined workpiece a smaller cross-section. By stretching the material, you can achieve a higher quality than with machining. Mandrels can be used to ensure that a cavity in the interior of the workpiece has a desired inside diameter.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst das Herstellungsverfahren ein Walzen oder ein Querkeilwalzen auf einem Dorn, wobei durch das Walzen der Ventilschaft geformt wird.In a further embodiment, the manufacturing method comprises rolling or cross-wedge rolling on a mandrel, the valve stem being formed by the rolling.

Gemäße eines weiteren Aspekts der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Innengekühltes Ventil bereitgestellt, das mit einem der vorstehenden Verfahren hergestellt wurde.According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided an internally cooled valve which has been produced by one of the above methods.

Im Folgenden wird die vorliegende Erfindung anhand von nicht beschränkenden und schematischen Figuren veranschaulicht.The present invention is illustrated below with the aid of non-limiting and schematic figures.

In den Figuren 1A bis 1F sind Schnittansichten von verschiedenen Herstellungsabschnitten eines erfindungsgemäßen innengekühlten Ventils dargestellt.In the Figures 1A to 1F are sectional views of various production sections of an internally cooled valve according to the invention are shown.

Sowohl in der Beschreibung als auch in den Figuren werden gleiche oder ähnliche Bezugszeichen verwendet um auf gleiche oder ähnliche Komponenten oder Elemente Bezug zu nehmen.Both in the description and in the figures, the same or similar reference symbols are used to refer to the same or similar components or elements.

Figur 1A zeigt eine Schnittansicht eines zylindrischen Halbzeugs 2, das als Ausgangsmaterial zur Herstellung eines Innengekühlten Tellerventils dient. Figure 1A shows a sectional view of a cylindrical semi-finished product 2, which is used as a starting material for the production of an internally cooled poppet valve.

Figur 1B zeigt eine Schnittansicht eines napfförmig umgeformten Halbzeugs 45. Das napfförmig umgeformte Halbzeug 4 wurde durch einen nicht dargestellten Stempel von oben napfförmig umgeformt. Die Umformung kann als Warm- oder Kaltumformung durchgeführt werden. Hier wurde ein Rückwärtsfließpressen eingesetzt, wodurch sich die Höhe des umgeformten Halbzeugs 4 gegenüber dem nicht umgeformten Halbzeugs 2 von Figur 1 deutlich erhöht hat. In dem Stempel waren Ausnehmungen vorhanden, die sich am Boden gebildeten Hohlraums als Rippen oder Erhöhungen eingeprägt haben. Diese Rippen oder Erhöhungen bilden eine Kühlstruktur 6, durch die die Oberfläche der Vertiefung deutlich erhöht wird, was einen Wärmeübertrag von einem späteren Ventilboden auf ein Kühlmittel erhöhen soll. Figure 1B shows a sectional view of a cup-shaped deformed semi-finished product 45. The cup-shaped deformed semi-finished product 4 was deformed from above into a cup-shaped by a punch (not shown). The forming can be carried out as hot or cold forming. Backward extrusion was used here, as a result of which the height of the deformed semifinished product 4 compared to the non-deformed semifinished product 2 is from Figure 1 has increased significantly. There were recesses in the punch that were embossed in the cavity formed on the bottom as ribs or elevations. These ribs or elevations form a cooling structure 6 by means of which the surface of the depression is significantly increased, which is intended to increase heat transfer from a later valve base to a coolant.

Durch ein gutes Durchmesser-zu-Längen-Verhältnis ist es möglich ein Rückwärtsfließpressen anzuwenden, ohne dass eine Gefahr besteht, dass der Stempel sich seitlich verformt.A good diameter-to-length ratio makes it possible to use back extrusion without the risk of the punch deforming laterally.

Figur 1C zeigt das napfförmig umgeformte Halbzeug 4, das zu einem ersten Venilformling 8 weiterumgeformt wurde. Es kann dabei ein ähnlicher Stempel verwendet werden, um durch Quer- und Rückwärtsfließpressen einen Ventilkopf 16 zu formen, wobei in der Vertiefung immer noch die Kühlstrukturen 6 angeordnet sind. Durch das Querfließpressen kann der Durchmesser des ersten Ventilformlings 8 im Bereich des Ventilkopfes 16 erhöht werden, wobei zusätzlich in diesem Schritt die Dicke des Ventilbodens 18 deutlich verringert wird. Durch einen Anteil eines Rückwärtsfließpressens kann gleichzeitig eine Länge eines Schafabschnitts 20 erhöht werden, wobei ein Durchmesser des Schaftabschnitts nicht vergrößert wird. Figure 1C shows the cup-shaped formed semi-finished product 4, which was further formed into a first valve molding 8. A similar punch can be used to form a valve head 16 by transverse and backward extrusion, the cooling structures 6 still being arranged in the recess. As a result of the transverse extrusion, the diameter of the first valve molding 8 in the area of the valve head 16 can be increased, the thickness of the valve base 18 also being significantly reduced in this step. A length of a sheep portion 20 can be increased at the same time by a proportion of a backward extrusion, wherein a diameter of the shaft portion is not increased.

Es ist ebenfalls möglich das Halbzeug von Figur 1A direkt in den ersten Ventilformling 8 umzuformen. Es kann also auch in einem einzelnen Schritt von einem im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Halbzeug der erste Ventilformling 8 umgeformt werden, wobei bei dem entsprechenden Verfahren der Schritt, der durch Figur 1B dargestellt ist, übersprungen wird bzw. entfällt.It is also possible to use the semi-finished product Figure 1A to be formed directly into the first valve molding 8. The first valve molding 8 can therefore also be reshaped in a single step from an essentially cylindrical semi-finished product, with the step that is performed by Figure 1B is shown, is skipped or omitted.

Figur 1D zeigt den ersten Ventilformling 8 wie er durch Walzen, Querkeilwalzen oder Hämmern im Schaftbereich 22 weiter bearbeitet worden ist um den Durchmesser des Schaftes zu verringern und eine Länge des Schaftes zu erhöhen, wodurch ein zweiter Ventilformling 10 erzeugt wurde. Auch bei diesem Bearbeitungsschritt werden die Kühlstrukturen 6 nicht oder nur gering verformt. Figure 1D shows the first valve molding 8 as it has been further processed by rolling, cross-wedge rolling or hammering in the shaft region 22 in order to reduce the diameter of the shaft and to increase a length of the shaft, whereby a second valve molding 10 was produced. In this processing step too, the cooling structures 6 are not or only slightly deformed.

Figur 1E zeigt den zweiten Ventilformling 10 von Figur 1D der durch Walzen, Querkeilwalzen oder Hämmern im Schaftbereich 24 weiter bearbeitet wurde, wodurch der Durchmesser des Schaftes 24 weiter verringert wurde und eine Länge des Schaftes 24 weiter erhöht wurde. Durch diese Arbeitsschritte wurde der zweite Ventilformling 10 zu einem dritten Ventilformling 12 umgeformt. Auch bei diesem Bearbeitungsschritt werden die Kühlstrukturen 6 im Bereich des Ventilbodens 18 des Hohlraums 30 nicht oder nur gering umgeformt. Figure 1E FIG. 10 shows the second valve molding 10 of FIG Figure 1D which was further processed by rolling, cross-wedge rolling or hammering in the shank area 24, whereby the diameter of the shank 24 was further reduced and a length of the shank 24 was further increased. As a result of these work steps, the second valve molding 10 was reshaped into a third valve molding 12. In this processing step, too, the cooling structures 6 in the region of the valve base 18 of the cavity 30 are not or only slightly deformed.

Figur 1E zeigt den dritten Ventilformling 12 nach einer weiteren Bearbeitung durch Walzen, Querkeilwalzen oder Hämmern im Schaftbereich 24 sowie im am Übergang zu dem Ventilteller 16. In dem Letzten Schritt kann ein Außendurchmesser des Ventilschafts 26 auf ein oder nahezu auf ein Endmaß gebracht werden. Der Schaft bzw. der Hohlraum 32 bzw. die Vertiefung kann nun mit einem Kühlmittel (nicht dargestellt) gefüllt und der Hohlraum verschlossen werden. Durch das Verringern des Durchmessers des Schaftes 26 wird auch eine Länge des Schaftes 26 'bis auf oder über ein Endmaß erhöht. Zusätzlich kann der Schaft und der Ventilkopf noch spanend oder Schleißend endbearbeitet werden. Bei den letzten Arbeitsschritten wunden auch die Kühlstrukturen 6 im Bereich des Ventilbodens 18 des Hohlraums 30 leicht umgeformt. Insgesamt verbleibt jedoch im Bereich des Ventilkopfes 16 ein größerer Hohlraum der zusätzlich mit Kühlstrukturen 6 versehen ist, die einen höheren Wärmeübertrag von dem Ventilboden auf ein Kühlmittel in dem Hohlraum 32 ermöglichen. Figure 1E shows the third valve molding 12 after further processing by rolling, cross-wedge rolling or hammering in the stem area 24 and at the transition to the valve disk 16. In the last step, an outer diameter of the valve stem 26 can be one or almost to a final size. The shaft or the cavity 32 or the recess can now be filled with a coolant (not shown) and the cavity can be closed. By reducing the diameter of the shaft 26, a length of the shaft 26 'is also increased up to or above a final dimension. In addition, the shaft and the valve head can also be finished by machining or abrasion. In the last work steps, the cooling structures 6 also wound slightly in the area of the valve base 18 of the cavity 30. Overall, however, a larger cavity remains in the area of the valve head 16, which is additionally provided with cooling structures 6, which enable a higher heat transfer from the valve base to a coolant in the cavity 32.

Die Ansprüche definieren den Schutzumfang.The claims define the scope of protection.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

22
HalbzeugWorkpiece
44th
Halbzeug, napfförmig umgeformtSemi-finished product, formed into a cup
66th
KühlstrukturCooling structure
88th
erster Ventilformlingfirst valve molding
1010
zweiter Ventilformlingsecond valve molding
1212
dritter Ventilformlingthird valve molding
1414th
VentilrohlingValve blank
1616
VentiltellerValve disc
1818th
VentilrohlingValve blank
2020th
Ventilschaft des ersten VentilformlingsValve stem of the first valve blank
2222nd
Ventilschaft des zweiten VentilformlingsValve stem of the second valve molding
2424
Ventilschaft des dritten VentilformlingsValve stem of the third valve blank
2626th
Ventilschaft des ersten VentilrohlingsValve stem of the first valve blank
3030th
Hohlraum / Vertiefung für ein KühlmittelCavity / depression for a coolant

Claims (9)

  1. A manufacturing method for an internally cooled valve, comprising providing a semi-finished product (2) having an at least partially cylindrical exterior, creating an at least partially cylindrical cavity in the semi-finished product (2) by hot forming, using a stamp, whereby a valve blank is produced,
    characterized in that
    the hot forming comprises backward extrusion, wherein
    a structure is formed on a base of the cavity during the hot forming via a recess at a face of the stamp.
  2. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the structure comprises cooling ribs that extend in a circular or star shaped fashion.
  3. The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the structure comprises pins or cones or truncated cones that act as cooling elements.
  4. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the structure comprises blades that are able to set a coolant in a valve into a rotation.
  5. The manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a valve head is formed at the valve blank during the hot forming.
  6. The manufacturing method, wherein after the forming of the valve head according to claim 5, a diameter of the valve blank next to the valve head is reduced in axial direction in order to form a valve stem.
  7. The manufacturing method for an internally cooled valve according to claim 6, wherein the valve stem is formed by rolling by rotary swaging, preferably by hot or cold hammering on a mandrel.
  8. The manufacturing method for an internally cooled valve according to claim 6, wherein the valve stem is formed by rolling, preferably by rolling on a mandrel, or cross wedge rolling.
  9. An internally cooled valve that is manufactured using a method according to one of claims 1 to 8.
EP18710795.8A 2017-06-29 2018-02-28 Process for manufacturing an internally cooled valve having a cooling structure, and valve manufactured by said method Active EP3585986B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL18710795T PL3585986T3 (en) 2017-06-29 2018-02-28 Process for manufacturing an internally cooled valve having a cooling structure, and valve manufactured by said method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017114554.0A DE102017114554A1 (en) 2017-06-29 2017-06-29 A method of manufacturing an internally cooled valve having a cooling structure and a valve made by the method
PCT/EP2018/054964 WO2019001779A1 (en) 2017-06-29 2018-02-28 Process for manufacturing an internally cooled valve having a cooling structure, and valve manufactured by said method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3585986A1 EP3585986A1 (en) 2020-01-01
EP3585986B1 true EP3585986B1 (en) 2020-08-26

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EP18710795.8A Active EP3585986B1 (en) 2017-06-29 2018-02-28 Process for manufacturing an internally cooled valve having a cooling structure, and valve manufactured by said method

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20200149442A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3585986B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2020527662A (en)
KR (1) KR20200020811A (en)
CN (1) CN110945214A (en)
DE (1) DE102017114554A1 (en)
PL (1) PL3585986T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2019001779A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023286227A1 (en) * 2021-07-15 2023-01-19 フジオーゼックス株式会社 Method for manufacturing hollow engine valve

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2280758A (en) * 1941-03-07 1942-04-21 Eaton Mfg Co Hollow valve structure
US2328512A (en) * 1940-08-30 1943-08-31 Thompson Prod Inc Ribbed dome hollow head valve
CN202645663U (en) * 2012-06-01 2013-01-02 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 Air valve and internal combustion engine provided with same
JP2014084725A (en) * 2012-10-19 2014-05-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Engine valve and method of manufacturing the same
EP2811126A1 (en) * 2012-01-30 2014-12-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method for producing a hollow engine valve
DE102015116009B3 (en) * 2015-09-22 2017-01-26 Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh Valve for internal combustion engines with guide vane for coolant
DE102015118495A1 (en) * 2015-10-29 2017-05-04 WF Maschinenbau und Blechformtechnik GmbH & Co. KG Method for producing a valve tappet and valve tappets

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2411764A (en) * 1940-08-30 1946-11-26 Thompson Prod Inc Method of manufacturing ribbed dome hollow head valves
DE3223920A1 (en) * 1982-06-26 1983-12-29 Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh, 7080 Aalen Hollow-forged cooled valve for internal-combustion engines
DE102015220891A1 (en) * 2015-10-26 2017-04-27 Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh Internally cooled valve for internal combustion engines and method and apparatus for its manufacture

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2328512A (en) * 1940-08-30 1943-08-31 Thompson Prod Inc Ribbed dome hollow head valve
US2280758A (en) * 1941-03-07 1942-04-21 Eaton Mfg Co Hollow valve structure
EP2811126A1 (en) * 2012-01-30 2014-12-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method for producing a hollow engine valve
CN202645663U (en) * 2012-06-01 2013-01-02 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 Air valve and internal combustion engine provided with same
JP2014084725A (en) * 2012-10-19 2014-05-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Engine valve and method of manufacturing the same
DE102015116009B3 (en) * 2015-09-22 2017-01-26 Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh Valve for internal combustion engines with guide vane for coolant
DE102015118495A1 (en) * 2015-10-29 2017-05-04 WF Maschinenbau und Blechformtechnik GmbH & Co. KG Method for producing a valve tappet and valve tappets

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3585986T3 (en) 2021-03-08
US20200149442A1 (en) 2020-05-14
CN110945214A (en) 2020-03-31
JP2020527662A (en) 2020-09-10
KR20200020811A (en) 2020-02-26
DE102017114554A1 (en) 2019-01-03
EP3585986A1 (en) 2020-01-01
WO2019001779A1 (en) 2019-01-03

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