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EP3583615B1 - Electromagnetic linear actuator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic linear actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3583615B1
EP3583615B1 EP18708591.5A EP18708591A EP3583615B1 EP 3583615 B1 EP3583615 B1 EP 3583615B1 EP 18708591 A EP18708591 A EP 18708591A EP 3583615 B1 EP3583615 B1 EP 3583615B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
linear actuator
arrangement
permanent magnet
armature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18708591.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3583615A1 (en
Inventor
Franci Lahajnar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kolektor Group doo
Original Assignee
Kolektor Group doo
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kolektor Group doo filed Critical Kolektor Group doo
Publication of EP3583615A1 publication Critical patent/EP3583615A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3583615B1 publication Critical patent/EP3583615B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/13Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures characterised by pulling-force characteristics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H01F2003/103Magnetic circuits with permanent magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1692Electromagnets or actuators with two coils

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator.
  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator, comprising a housing having a jacket section and an end piece, a coil arrangement arranged in the housing with two axially offset coils extending around a common axis and wound in opposite directions, and one in the housing along the axis
  • An armature arrangement displaceably mounted between two end positions with a shaft passing through the end piece and an axially magnetized permanent magnet arranged thereon and having two disc-shaped flux guide pieces arranged on the end face of this permanent magnet arrangement, in each of the two end positions of the armature arrangement at least 50% of the axial length of the permanent magnet arrangement from one of the two coils is overlapped.
  • Electromagnetic linear actuators are known and in use in a wide variety of designs. Their respective design and individual design depends on the respective application. They depend, for example, on the space available in the application in question, the required adjustment path (or switching path) that the shaft covers between the two end positions, and the required force that the shaft must be able to exert on a component to be actuated. Also the achievable switching dynamics, ie the time it takes for the shaft to move from one end position to the other is a significant variable for many applications. It should be noted that there are some dependencies between the various aspects and performance parameters. In general, the adjustment force (or switching force) provided by the shaft is related to the structural size in such a way that larger linear actuators can provide a greater adjustment force.
  • the achievable switching dynamics typically suffer.
  • the switching dynamics and the switching force are related to one another to the extent that the force required to accelerate the armature arrangement reduces the switching force effective in this movement phase of the armature arrangement.
  • Electromagnetic linear actuators corresponding to the design specified at the outset can be used, for example, for the linear actuators according to the JP 57-198612 A and the EP 1275886 A2 applies, characterized by the possibility of two stable switching states. They can therefore be designed as so-called bistable actuators, in which the shaft - due to the interaction of the permanent magnet arrangement with the housing - can maintain either of its two end positions without applying (current) to the coil arrangement, which, however, also partially in a corresponding manner for similar designs with a deviating design of the permanent magnet arrangement and / or their coordination with the coil arrangement applies (see.
  • the US 4071042 A discloses a generic electromagnetic linear actuator which, as stated in the preamble of claim 1, is characterized in addition to the features set out at the beginning in that the two coils of the coil arrangement are continuously wound in opposite directions from a winding wire and that the permanent magnet arrangement is arranged at the end of the shaft.
  • This electromagnetic linear actuator is not designed as a bistable actuator, but rather designed for the actuation of a hydraulic servo valve, for which purpose a displacement of the armature arrangement from a neutral central position proportional to the energization of the coil arrangement is sought.
  • US 2014/0028420 A1 discloses a generic linear actuator. This is specially designed for an asymmetrical characteristic of the movement of the armature arrangement. Positioned on the end area of the casing section of the housing arranged opposite the end piece, it has an end ring that modifies the magnetic flux.
  • the US 2004/0100345 A1 discloses an electromagnetic linear actuator designed for use on a transmission. This has two coils arranged in a jacket-shaped housing, between which there is a central flux guide. At the end, a stationary flux guide piece is inserted into the housing, through which the shaft of an armature arrangement extends, on which a first movable flux guide piece is arranged at the end. Between the stationary flux guide piece and the first movable flux guide piece there is a second movable flux guide piece which can be moved both relative to the housing and relative to the armature arrangement. Depending on the energization of one coil, the other coil or both coils, the armature arrangement assumes one of three defined positions.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic linear actuator of the type specified at the beginning, which is characterized by an operating behavior which is improved compared to the prior art.
  • a highly dynamic electromagnetic linear actuator of the type specified at the outset with a particularly high adjustment force is to be provided in particular.
  • this object is achieved in that, in a generic electromagnetic linear actuator, the first coil facing away from the free end of the shaft has an area with a reduced inside diameter at its end facing away from the free end of the shaft, with one being reduced Inner diameter having region of the first coil, the permanent magnet arrangement overlaps radially, and a core made of a magnetically active material is received in the first coil at the end.
  • the radial overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement realized within the scope of the invention by the region of the first coil having a reduced inner diameter is to be understood to mean that the outer diameter of the permanent magnet arrangement is greater than the inner diameter of the region of the first coil having a reduced inner diameter.
  • a decisive advantage that can be achieved with the embodiment of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention is the previously unknown, as explained in detail below, the optimal course of the electromagnetic force effective between the stator arrangement and the armature arrangement.
  • This course of the electromagnetic force acting on the armature arrangement allows - despite a significant holding force acting on the armature arrangement in the first end position of the armature arrangement - a particularly high initial acceleration of the armature arrangement, with a particularly uniform electromagnetic force acting on it over the further adjustment path of the armature arrangement can, which has a favorable effect both on the further acceleration of the armature arrangement and on the shifting force provided.
  • Towards the end of the adjustment path a significant increase in the adjustment force is possible again, which is particularly favorable in typical applications.
  • the particularly homogeneous course of the on the over a large part of the adjustment Electromagnetic force exerted by the armature assembly is extremely beneficial.
  • a first preferred development of the invention is characterized in that the core - received at the end in the first coil of the coil arrangement - overlaps the entire axial extension of the region of the first coil having a reduced inner diameter. This favors a force curve which causes a particularly high initial acceleration of the armature arrangement.
  • the axial distance between the first and the second coil is not significantly greater than Indispensable in terms of development.
  • the axial distance between the first and the second coil is that for a damage-free 180 ° bend of the winding wire required size limited.
  • the distance in question should at least not be more than 50% above the amount that is indispensable for winding technology.
  • no flux guide piece is arranged between the first coil and the second coil.
  • Yet another preferred development of the invention is characterized in that there is an axial gap in the first end position of the armature arrangement, in which the permanent magnet arrangement overlaps by more than 50% of the first coil (and typically the shaft is retracted into the end piece) between the core and the adjacent flux guide of the permanent magnet arrangement.
  • the breakaway force can be positively influenced, which is required so that the armature arrangement is moved out of the first end position - against the holding force acting.
  • One possibility of achieving this in a particularly simple manner is that the shaft is axially through the permanent magnet arrangement passes through and protrudes from this a bit.
  • the armature arrangement can abut the core with the relevant protrusion of the shaft and keep the adjacent flux guide piece of the permanent magnet arrangement at a distance from it.
  • the shaft is also advantageously made of a magnetically inactive material, preferably stainless steel. This is not only favorable for the function set out above as a "stop" for the armature assembly, but also because of the reduction in the magnetic inductance that can be achieved in this way and the associated concentration of the magnetic field on the external environment of the coil assembly interacting Permanent magnet arrangement.
  • the overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement by the first coil in the first end position of the armature arrangement is less than the overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement by the second coil in the second end position of the armature arrangement.
  • 55% to 85% of the permanent magnet arrangement in the first end position of the armature arrangement can be axially overlapped by the first coil, but in the second end position of the armature arrangement by the second coil to a greater extent to a proportion between 65% and 100%.
  • Particularly preferred ranges are 65% to 75% with an axial overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement by the first coil in the first end position of the armature arrangement and 75% to 90% by the second coil in the second end position of the armature arrangement.
  • the end piece of the housing is designed as an assembly and guide block.
  • the end piece of the housing has structural features (e.g. a flange, a screw-in thread, an assembly extension, etc.) that enable the linear actuator to be attached to a structural structure (e.g. the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine if the linear actuator is used for camshaft adjustment), as well as structural features serving to guide the armature arrangement (e.g. a bore designed as a sliding guide for the shaft of the armature arrangement).
  • the anchor arrangement is mounted displaceably guided exclusively in the assembly and guide block.
  • the permanent magnet arrangement also has on its outer circumference at least one compensating channel extending over the axial length. This proves to be favorable with regard to the switching dynamics; because even with a relatively small radial gap - which has a positive effect on efficiency - between the permanent magnet arrangement and the coil arrangement surrounding it (outside the at least one compensation channel) when the armature arrangement is moved, the permanent magnet arrangement can be used with low resistance (through the at least one compensation channel) be surrounded by air.
  • the double linear actuator explained above preferably has a housing with a common protective cap surrounding the two jackets of the housing.
  • the latter is particularly preferably tightly connected to a flange plate or flange ring attached to the end piece.
  • the electromagnetic linear actuator shown in the drawing and embodied as a double linear actuator comprises four functional main components in the form of a housing 1, two coil arrangements 2 accommodated therein, two armature arrangements 3 and a housing 4.
  • the housing 1 comprises an end piece 5, two cylindrical jacket sections 6 and, opposite the end piece 5, a common end plate 7. These parts consist of a ferromagnetic material.
  • the end piece 5 dips into the respective jacket section 6 with a protrusion at the end with an exact fit.
  • the two jacket sections 6 each (opposite one another) have a recess through which the end plate 7 passes. In the area of those recesses, the two casing sections 6 are in butt contact with the end plate 7. In addition, the end plate 7 clings to the inner contour of the casing sections 6 with as little gaps as possible.
  • a coil arrangement 2 is arranged in each of the two jacket sections 6.
  • the two anchor arrangements 3 each include a shaft 8 and one arranged on the end of the same Permanent magnet arrangement 9 with an axially magnetized permanent magnet 10 and two disc-shaped flux guide pieces 11 arranged on the end face.
  • the shaft 8 - consisting of a magnetically inactive material - passes axially through the permanent magnet arrangement 9 with an area of reduced diameter in such a way that it protrudes a little out of the flux guide piece 11 on the opposite end face and forms a protrusion 12.
  • four compensating channels 13 extending over its axial length are provided.
  • the shaft 8 of each of the two anchor assemblies 3 is guided in the end piece 5 so that it can slide along an axis A.
  • the end piece 5 is designed as an assembly and guide block 14 for this purpose. It has an axial extension 15 and has two bores 16 designed as a sliding guide for the respective shaft 8 of the armature arrangement 3.
  • Each shaft 8 has two guide sections 17, 18, which correspond to the bore 16, are spaced apart from one another and correspond to it the shaft 8 tapers to a reduced diameter.
  • the shafts 8 pass through the end piece 5.
  • Figures 1 and 2 The armature assembly 3 is shown in the first end position with the shaft 8 fully retracted into the housing 1, whereas the armature assembly 3 is shown below in the second end position with the shaft 8 extended maximally out of the housing 1.
  • the coil assemblies 2 each comprise two axially extending around the axis A, wound in opposite directions offset coils 19, 20, namely a first coil 19 and a second coil 20 - the free end of the shaft 8 guided in the end piece 5 - the two coils 19, 20 are on a common carrier sleeve 21 made of magnetically inactive Material recorded.
  • a first end plate 22, a second end plate 23 and an intermediate ring 24 the outer surface of the carrier sleeve 21 is subdivided into two compartments for receiving the first coil 19 and the second coil 20.
  • the first end disk 22 and the intermediate ring 24 each have openings 25 for the passage of the winding wire of the two coils - wound continuously but with reversal of the winding direction at the transition from the first coil 19 to the second coil 20.
  • the end plate 7 of the housing 1 also has openings 26 serving to lead through the respective winding wire.
  • the first coil 19 has an area 27 with a reduced inner diameter at its end facing away from the free end of the shaft 8.
  • the carrier sleeve 21 is designed to be stepped accordingly.
  • the reduced inside diameter of the first coil 19 in the relevant area 27 is selected such that the permanent magnet arrangement 9 and the first coil 19 in that area 27 having a reduced inside diameter overlap each other radially in an annular overlap zone.
  • a core 28 made of a magnetically active material is inserted into the end region of the carrier sleeve 21, resting on the end face without a gap on the end plate 7. This overlaps the entire axial extent of the one Area 27 of the first coil 19 having a reduced inner diameter. For this purpose, it is designed stepped to correspond to the carrier sleeve 21.
  • the protrusion 12 of the shaft 8 protruding from the permanent magnet arrangement 9 lies against the core 28. In this way, the flux guide piece 11 of the permanent magnet arrangement 9 adjacent to the core 28 maintains a corresponding distance from the core 28, ie there is an axial gap 29 between the core 28 and the adjacent flux guide piece 11 of the permanent magnet arrangement 9.
  • the axial extent of the permanent magnet arrangement 9 and the respective axial extent and arrangement of the first coil 19 and the second coil 20 are coordinated so that the axial overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement 9 by the first coil 19 in the first end position of the armature arrangement 3 is less than that axial overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement 9 by the second coil 20 in the second end position of the armature arrangement 3 the second coil 20 in the second end position of the armature arrangement 3 is approximately 82%.
  • the housing 4 which serves to protect against external influences, comprises a common protective cap 30 surrounding the two jacket sections 6 of the housing 1, which is sealed with a flange ring 31 attached to the end piece 5 connected is.
  • Protective cap 30 and flange ring 31 have holes 32 which are aligned with one another and are used to fasten the double linear actuator to an existing structure by means of appropriate screws.
  • the embodiment of the linear actuator illustrated in the drawing is optimized from the point of view of maximum switching dynamics and maximum switching force when the armature arrangement 3 moves from the first into the second end position.
  • an electromagnetic return of the armature arrangement 3 from the second end position into the first end position is dispensed with in this embodiment.
  • such a return takes place by means of a separate external reset device acting on the respective shaft 8.
  • the double linear actuator shown can also be modified with regard to an electromagnetic return of the armature arrangement.
  • the second coil 20 could in particular be slightly lengthened axially and have an area with a reduced inside diameter at its end facing the free end of the shaft 8, this area of the second coil having a reduced inside diameter overlapping the permanent magnet arrangement 9 radially and in the second coil 20 at the end a core sleeve made of a magnetically active material could be received.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the outstanding performance data of a device according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Figures 1 and 2 designed double linear actuator designed for a stroke of 4.75 mm each of the armature assemblies 3 with a diameter of the permanent magnet assemblies 9 of only 8 mm.
  • the armature arrangement 3 is held in its first end position with a holding force of approximately 9.5 N by the interaction of the respective permanent magnet arrangement 9 with the core 28.
  • this holding force is compensated for after only 0.25 ms, and the movement of the armature arrangement 3 starts just 0.5 ms after the start of the energization (response time) due to the equally rapid further increase in the electromagnetically generated force.
  • the shaft 8 lifts off the core 21 and the holding force collapses rapidly.
  • the electromagnetically generated force acting on the armature arrangement 3 has reached a plateau averaging 8.5 N, which is maintained over almost the entire adjustment path of the armature arrangement 3 with very high uniformity.
  • the armature arrangement 3 carries out a continuously accelerated movement.
  • the holding force assigned to the second end position of the armature arrangement 3 is increasingly added, which leads to a strongly progressive increase in the Total force leads.
  • the armature arrangement 3 reaches its second end position after a switching travel of 4.75 mm. While the coil arrangement continues to be energized, the resulting total force is around 22 N.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen elektromagnetischen Linearaktuator. Insbesondere betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung einen elektromagnetischen Linearaktuator, umfassend ein einen Mantelabschnitt und ein Endstück aufweisendes Gehäuse, eine in dem Gehäuse angeordnete Spulenanordnung mit zwei sich um eine gemeinsame Achse herum erstreckenden, gegensinnig gewickelten, axial zueinander versetzten Spulen und eine in dem Gehäuse längs der Achse zwischen zwei Endstellungen verschiebbar gelagerte Ankeranordnung mit einem durch das Endstück hindurchtretenden Schaft und einer daran angeordneten, einen axial magnetisierten Permanentmagnet und zwei stirnseitig an diesem angeordnete scheibenförmige Flussleitstücke aufweisenden Permanentmagnetanordnung, wobei in jeder der beiden Endstellungen der Ankeranordnung mindestens 50% der axialen Länge der Permanentmagnetanordnung von einer der beiden Spulen überlappt ist.The present invention relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator. In particular, the present invention relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator, comprising a housing having a jacket section and an end piece, a coil arrangement arranged in the housing with two axially offset coils extending around a common axis and wound in opposite directions, and one in the housing along the axis An armature arrangement displaceably mounted between two end positions with a shaft passing through the end piece and an axially magnetized permanent magnet arranged thereon and having two disc-shaped flux guide pieces arranged on the end face of this permanent magnet arrangement, in each of the two end positions of the armature arrangement at least 50% of the axial length of the permanent magnet arrangement from one of the two coils is overlapped.

Elektromagnetische Linearaktuatoren sind in verschiedensten Ausführungen bekannt und im Einsatz. Ihre jeweilige Bauform und individuelle Ausgestaltung richtet sich nach der jeweiligen Anwendung. Sie hängen beispielsweise ab von dem in der betreffenden Anwendung bestehenden Platzangebot, dem erforderlichen Verstellweg (bzw. Schaltweg), den der Schaft zwischen den beiden Endstellungen zurücklegt, und der erforderlichen Kraft, die der Schaft dabei auf ein zu betätigendes Bauteil auszuüben imstande sein muss. Auch die erzielbare Schaltdynamik, d. h. die Zeit, die der Schaft für die Bewegung von der einen in die andere Endstellung benötigt, ist für viele Anwendungen eine bedeutsame Größe. Dabei ist zu bedenken, dass teilweise zwischen den verschiedenen Aspekten und Leistungs-Kenngrößen Abhängigkeiten bestehen. So steht im Allgemeinen die durch den Schaft bereitgestellte Verstellkraft (bzw. Schaltkraft) in einer Beziehung zur Baugröße dergestalt, dass größere Linearaktuatoren eine größere Verstellkraft bereitstellen können. Allerdings leidet darunter - infolge der größeren zu bewegenden Massen - typischerweise die erzielbare Schaltdynamik. Weiterhin stehen Schaltdynamik und Schaltkraft insoweit miteinander in Verbindung, als die für das Beschleunigen der Ankeranordnung benötigte Kraft die in dieser Bewegungsphase der Ankeranordnung wirksame Schaltkraft reduziert.Electromagnetic linear actuators are known and in use in a wide variety of designs. Their respective design and individual design depends on the respective application. They depend, for example, on the space available in the application in question, the required adjustment path (or switching path) that the shaft covers between the two end positions, and the required force that the shaft must be able to exert on a component to be actuated. Also the achievable switching dynamics, ie the time it takes for the shaft to move from one end position to the other is a significant variable for many applications. It should be noted that there are some dependencies between the various aspects and performance parameters. In general, the adjustment force (or switching force) provided by the shaft is related to the structural size in such a way that larger linear actuators can provide a greater adjustment force. However, as a result of the larger masses to be moved, the achievable switching dynamics typically suffer. Furthermore, the switching dynamics and the switching force are related to one another to the extent that the force required to accelerate the armature arrangement reduces the switching force effective in this movement phase of the armature arrangement.

Der eingangs angegebenen Bauform entsprechende elektromagnetische Linearaktuatoren können sich, wie dies beispielsweise für die Linearaktuatoren nach der JP 57-198612 A und der EP 1275886 A2 gilt, durch die Möglichkeit zweier stabiler Schaltzustände auszeichnen. Sie können demnach als sogenannte bistabile Aktuatoren ausgeführt sein, bei denen der Schaft - aufgrund eines Zusammenwirkens der Permanentmagnetanordnung mit dem Gehäuse - jede seiner beiden Endstellungen ohne Beaufschlagung (Bestromung) der Spulenanordnung einhalten kann, was allerdings teilweise in entsprechender Weise auch für ähnliche Bauformen mit einer abweichenden Ausführung der Permanentmagnetanordnung und/oder deren Abstimmung mit der Spulenanordnung gilt (vgl. beispielsweise US 3504315 A , US 3503022 A , US 4490815 A , CN 101908420 A , US 3202886 A und DE 2423722 A ). Zu den weiter oben bereits diskutierten Aspekten kommt bei solchen bistabilen elektromagnetischen Aktuatoren als weiterer Gesichtspunkt noch die in den stabilen Schaltzuständen auf die Ankeranordnung wirkende Kraft (Haltekraft) hinzu; denn ersichtlich wirkt sich eine höhere Haltekraft typischerweise im Sinne einer reduzierten anfänglichen Beschleunigung der Ankeranordnung aus und beeinträchtigt somit die Schaltdynamik.Electromagnetic linear actuators corresponding to the design specified at the outset can be used, for example, for the linear actuators according to the JP 57-198612 A and the EP 1275886 A2 applies, characterized by the possibility of two stable switching states. They can therefore be designed as so-called bistable actuators, in which the shaft - due to the interaction of the permanent magnet arrangement with the housing - can maintain either of its two end positions without applying (current) to the coil arrangement, which, however, also partially in a corresponding manner for similar designs with a deviating design of the permanent magnet arrangement and / or their coordination with the coil arrangement applies (see. For example US 3504315 A , US 3503022 A , US 4490815 A , CN 101908420 A , US 3202886 A and DE 2423722 A ). In addition to the aspects already discussed above, such bistable electromagnetic actuators, as a further aspect, the force (holding force) acting on the armature arrangement in the stable switching states; because it is evident that a higher holding force typically has an effect in the sense of a reduced initial acceleration of the armature arrangement and thus affects the switching dynamics.

Die US 4071042 A offenbart einen gattungsgemäßen elektromagnetischen Linearaktuator, der sich, wie im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegeben, zusätzlich zu den eingangs dargelegten Merkmalen dadurch auszeichnet, dass die beiden Spulen der Spulenanordnung durchgängig aus einem Wicklungsdraht gegensinnig gewickelt sind und dass die Permanentmagnetanordnung endseitig an dem Schaft angeordnet ist. Dieser elektromagnetische Linearaktuator ist allerdings nicht als bistabiler Aktuator ausgeführt, sondern vielmehr für die Betätigung eines hydraulischen Servoventils konzipiert, zu welchem Zweck eine zur Bestromung der Spulenanordnung proportionale Auslenkung der Ankeranordnung aus einer neutralen Mittelstellung heraus angestrebt wird.The US 4071042 A discloses a generic electromagnetic linear actuator which, as stated in the preamble of claim 1, is characterized in addition to the features set out at the beginning in that the two coils of the coil arrangement are continuously wound in opposite directions from a winding wire and that the permanent magnet arrangement is arranged at the end of the shaft. This electromagnetic linear actuator is not designed as a bistable actuator, but rather designed for the actuation of a hydraulic servo valve, for which purpose a displacement of the armature arrangement from a neutral central position proportional to the energization of the coil arrangement is sought.

Auch die US 2014/0028420 A1 offenbart einen gattungsgemäßen Linearaktuator. Dieser ist speziell für eine asymmetrische Charakteristik der Bewegung der Ankeranordnung konzipiert. Er weist, an dem dem Endstück gegenüberliegend angeordneten Endbereich des Mantelabschnitts des Gehäuses positioniert, einen den Magnetfluss modifizierenden Endring auf.Also the US 2014/0028420 A1 discloses a generic linear actuator. This is specially designed for an asymmetrical characteristic of the movement of the armature arrangement. Positioned on the end area of the casing section of the housing arranged opposite the end piece, it has an end ring that modifies the magnetic flux.

Die US 2004/0100345 A1 offenbart einen für die Verwendung an einem Getriebe konzipierten elektromagnetischen Linearaktuator. Dieser weist zwei in einem mantelförmigen Gehäuse angeordnete Spulen auf, zwischen denen sich ein zentrales Flussleitstück befindet. Endseitig ist in das Gehäuse ein feststehendes Flussleitstück eingesetzt, durch welches hindurch sich der Schaft einer Ankeranordnung erstreckt, an welcher endseitig ein erstes bewegbares Flussleitstück angeordnet ist. Zwischen dem feststehenden Flussleitstück und dem ersten bewegbaren Flussleitstück befindet sich ein zweites bewegbares Flussleitstück, welches sowohl relativ zum Gehäuse als auch relativ zur Ankeranordnung bewegbar ist. Je nach der Bestromung der einen Spule, der anderen Spule oder beider Spulen nimmt die Ankeranordnung eine von drei definierten Stellungen ein.The US 2004/0100345 A1 discloses an electromagnetic linear actuator designed for use on a transmission. This has two coils arranged in a jacket-shaped housing, between which there is a central flux guide. At the end, a stationary flux guide piece is inserted into the housing, through which the shaft of an armature arrangement extends, on which a first movable flux guide piece is arranged at the end. Between the stationary flux guide piece and the first movable flux guide piece there is a second movable flux guide piece which can be moved both relative to the housing and relative to the armature arrangement. Depending on the energization of one coil, the other coil or both coils, the armature arrangement assumes one of three defined positions.

Die vorliegende Erfindung hat zum Ziel, einen elektromagnetischen Linearaktuator der eingangs angegebenen Art bereitzustellen, der sich durch ein gegenüber dem Stand der Technik verbessertes Betriebsverhalten auszeichnet. In diesem Sinne soll insbesondere ein hochdynamisch arbeitender elektromagnetischer Linearaktuator der eingangs angegebenen Art mit besonders hoher Verstellkraft bereitgestellt werden.The aim of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic linear actuator of the type specified at the beginning, which is characterized by an operating behavior which is improved compared to the prior art. In this sense, a highly dynamic electromagnetic linear actuator of the type specified at the outset with a particularly high adjustment force is to be provided in particular.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabenstellung gelöst, indem bei einem gattungsgemäßen elektromagnetischen Linearaktuator die dem freien Ende des Schafts abgewandte erste Spule an ihrem dem freien Ende des Schafts abgewandten Ende einen Bereich mit einem reduzierten Innendurchmesser aufweist, wobei der einen reduzierten Innendurchmesser aufweisende Bereich der ersten Spule die Permanentmagnetanordnung radial überlappt, und in der ersten Spule endseitig ein Kern aus einem magnetisch aktiven Material aufgenommen ist. Die im Rahmen der Erfindung realisierte radiale Überlappung der Permanentmagnetanordnung durch den einen reduzierten Innendurchmesser aufweisenden Bereichs der ersten Spule ist dabei dahingehend zu verstehen, dass der Außendurchmesser der Permanentmagnetanordnung größer ist als der Innendurchmesser des einen reduzierten Innendurchmesser aufweisenden Bereichs der ersten Spule. Ein entscheidender Vorteil, der sich bei erfindungsgemäßer Ausführung des elektromagnetischen Linearaktuators erzielen lässt, ist der bisher nicht bekannte, wie weiter unten im Detail erläutert optimale Verlauf der zwischen der Statoranordnung und der Ankeranordnung wirksamen elektromagnetischen Kraft. Dieser Verlauf der auf die Ankeranordnung wirkenden elektromagnetischen Kraft lässt - trotz einer nennenswerten in der ersten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung auf diese wirkenden Haltekraft - eine besonders hohe anfängliche Beschleunigung der Ankeranordnung zu, wobei über den weiteren Verstellweg der Ankeranordnung auf diesen eine besonders gleichmäßig verlaufende elektromagnetische Kraft wirken kann, was sich günstig sowohl auf die weitere Beschleunigung der Ankeranordnung als auch auf die bereitgestellte Schaltkraft auswirkt. Gegen Ende des Verstellwegs ist nochmals ein signifikanter Anstieg der Verstellkraft möglich, was in typischen Anwendungsfällen besonders günstig ist. Namentlich der über einen großen Teil des Verstellwegs besonders homogene Verlauf der auf die Ankeranordnung ausgeübten elektromagnetischen Kraft ist extrem vorteilhaft.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that, in a generic electromagnetic linear actuator, the first coil facing away from the free end of the shaft has an area with a reduced inside diameter at its end facing away from the free end of the shaft, with one being reduced Inner diameter having region of the first coil, the permanent magnet arrangement overlaps radially, and a core made of a magnetically active material is received in the first coil at the end. The radial overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement realized within the scope of the invention by the region of the first coil having a reduced inner diameter is to be understood to mean that the outer diameter of the permanent magnet arrangement is greater than the inner diameter of the region of the first coil having a reduced inner diameter. A decisive advantage that can be achieved with the embodiment of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the invention is the previously unknown, as explained in detail below, the optimal course of the electromagnetic force effective between the stator arrangement and the armature arrangement. This course of the electromagnetic force acting on the armature arrangement allows - despite a significant holding force acting on the armature arrangement in the first end position of the armature arrangement - a particularly high initial acceleration of the armature arrangement, with a particularly uniform electromagnetic force acting on it over the further adjustment path of the armature arrangement can, which has a favorable effect both on the further acceleration of the armature arrangement and on the shifting force provided. Towards the end of the adjustment path, a significant increase in the adjustment force is possible again, which is particularly favorable in typical applications. In particular, the particularly homogeneous course of the on the over a large part of the adjustment Electromagnetic force exerted by the armature assembly is extremely beneficial.

Eine erste bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der - endseitig in der ersten Spule der Spulenanordnung aufgenommene - Kern die gesamte axiale Erstreckung des einen reduzierten Innendurchmesser aufweisenden Bereichs der ersten Spule überlappt. Dies begünstigt einen Kraftverlauf, der eine besonders hohe Anfangsbeschleunigung der Ankeranordnung bewirkt.A first preferred development of the invention is characterized in that the core - received at the end in the first coil of the coil arrangement - overlaps the entire axial extension of the region of the first coil having a reduced inner diameter. This favors a force curve which causes a particularly high initial acceleration of the armature arrangement.

Für den Kraftverlauf ist weiterhin besonders günstig, wenn - gemäß einer anderen bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung - der axiale Abstand zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Spule nicht wesentlich größer ist als wicklungstechnisch unabdingbar notwendig. Idealerweise ist, wenn die erste und die zweite Spule der Spulenanordnung - besonders bevorzugt auf einer gemeinsamen Trägerhülse aus magnetisch inaktivem Material - durchgängig gewickelt sind, der zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Spule bestehende axiale Abstand auf das für einen beschädigungsfreien 180°-Bogen des Wicklungsdrahtes benötigte Maß beschränkt. Praktisch sollte der fragliche Abstand zumindest nicht um mehr als 50% über dem wicklungstechnisch unabdingbar notwendigen Maß liegen.For the force curve it is also particularly favorable if - according to another preferred development of the invention - the axial distance between the first and the second coil is not significantly greater than Indispensable in terms of development. Ideally, if the first and the second coil of the coil arrangement - particularly preferably on a common carrier sleeve made of magnetically inactive material - are continuously wound, the axial distance between the first and the second coil is that for a damage-free 180 ° bend of the winding wire required size limited. In practice, the distance in question should at least not be more than 50% above the amount that is indispensable for winding technology.

Gemäß einer anderen bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass zwischen der ersten Spule und der zweiten Spule kein Flussleitstück angeordnet ist. Ein solches würde zu einem inhomogenen Kraftverlauf führen und sich insoweit bei der erfindungsgemäßen Konzeption des elektromagnetischen Linearaktuators nachteilig auf dessen Betriebsverhalten auswirken.According to another preferred development of the invention it is provided that no flux guide piece is arranged between the first coil and the second coil. Such a force would lead to an inhomogeneous force profile and in this respect, in the inventive conception of the electromagnetic linear actuator, would have an adverse effect on its operating behavior.

Eine wiederum andere bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass in der ersten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung, in der die Permanentmagnetanordnung zu mehr als 50% von der ersten Spule überlappt (und typischerweise der Schaft in das Endstück zurückgezogen) ist, ein axialer Spalt besteht zwischen dem Kern und dem benachbarten Flussleitstück der Permanentmagnetanordnung. Auf diese Weise lässt sich positiv auf die Losbrechkraft Einfluss nehmen, die erforderlich ist, damit die Ankeranordnung - entgegen der wirkenden Haltekraft - aus der ersten Endstellung heraus bewegt wird. Eine Möglichkeit, dies auf besonders einfache Weise zu erreichen, besteht darin, dass der Schaft axial durch die Permanentmagnetanordnung hindurchtritt und aus dieser ein Stück weit hervorsteht. So kann die Ankeranordnung mit dem betreffenden Überstand des Schafts an dem Kern anstoßen und das benachbarte Flussleitstück der Permanentmagnetanordnung zu diesem auf Abstand halten. Der Schaft besteht im Übrigen vorteilhafterweise aus einem magnetisch inaktiven Material, vorzugsweise Edelstahl. Das ist nicht nur für die vorstehend dargelegte Funktion als "Anschlag" für die Ankeranordnung günstig, sondern auch wegen der auf diese Weise erzielbaren Reduktion der magnetischen Induktivität sowie der damit verbundenen Konzentration des magnetischen Feldes auf die äußere, mit der Spulenanordnung in Wechselwirkung stehende Umgebung der Permanentmagnetanordnung.Yet another preferred development of the invention is characterized in that there is an axial gap in the first end position of the armature arrangement, in which the permanent magnet arrangement overlaps by more than 50% of the first coil (and typically the shaft is retracted into the end piece) between the core and the adjacent flux guide of the permanent magnet arrangement. In this way, the breakaway force can be positively influenced, which is required so that the armature arrangement is moved out of the first end position - against the holding force acting. One possibility of achieving this in a particularly simple manner is that the shaft is axially through the permanent magnet arrangement passes through and protrudes from this a bit. In this way, the armature arrangement can abut the core with the relevant protrusion of the shaft and keep the adjacent flux guide piece of the permanent magnet arrangement at a distance from it. The shaft is also advantageously made of a magnetically inactive material, preferably stainless steel. This is not only favorable for the function set out above as a "stop" for the armature assembly, but also because of the reduction in the magnetic inductance that can be achieved in this way and the associated concentration of the magnetic field on the external environment of the coil assembly interacting Permanent magnet arrangement.

Weiterhin ist für den Kraftverlauf günstig, wenn - gemäß einer abermals anderen bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung - die Überlappung der Permanentmagnetanordnung durch die erste Spule in der ersten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung geringer ist als die Überlappung der Permanentmagnetanordnung durch die zweite Spule in der zweiten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung. So kann beispielsweise die Permanentmagnetanordnung in der ersten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung zu 55% bis 85% durch die erste Spule, aber in der zweiten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung durch die zweite Spule im größeren Maße zu einem Anteil zwischen 65% und 100% axial überlappt sein. Besonders bevorzugte Bereiche liegen bei einer axialen Überlappung der Permanentmagnetanordnung durch die erste Spule in der ersten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung zu 65% bis 75% und durch die zweite Spule in der zweiten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung zu 75% bis 90%.It is also favorable for the force curve if - according to yet another preferred development of the invention - the overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement by the first coil in the first end position of the armature arrangement is less than the overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement by the second coil in the second end position of the armature arrangement. For example, 55% to 85% of the permanent magnet arrangement in the first end position of the armature arrangement can be axially overlapped by the first coil, but in the second end position of the armature arrangement by the second coil to a greater extent to a proportion between 65% and 100%. Particularly preferred ranges are 65% to 75% with an axial overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement by the first coil in the first end position of the armature arrangement and 75% to 90% by the second coil in the second end position of the armature arrangement.

Eine nochmals andere bevorzugte Weiterbildung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass das Endstück des Gehäuses als Montage- und Führungsblock ausgeführt ist. In diesem Sinne weist das Endstück des Gehäuses sowohl solche strukturellen Merkmale (z. B. einen Flansch, ein Einschraubgewinde, einen Montagefortsatz, etc.) auf, die der Anbringung des Linearaktuators an einer das zu betätigende Element aufweisenden baulichen Struktur (z. B. dem Zylinderkopf eines Verbrennungsmotors im Falle der Verwendung des Linearaktuators zur Nockenwellenverstellung) dienen, als auch der Führung der Ankeranordnung dienende strukturelle Merkmale (z. B. eine als Gleitführung für den Schaft der Ankeranordnung ausgeführte Bohrung). In besonders bevorzugter Ausgestaltung ist dabei die Ankeranordnung ausschließlich in dem Montage- und Führungsblock verschiebbar geführt gelagert.Yet another preferred development is characterized in that the end piece of the housing is designed as an assembly and guide block. In this sense, the end piece of the housing has structural features (e.g. a flange, a screw-in thread, an assembly extension, etc.) that enable the linear actuator to be attached to a structural structure (e.g. the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine if the linear actuator is used for camshaft adjustment), as well as structural features serving to guide the armature arrangement (e.g. a bore designed as a sliding guide for the shaft of the armature arrangement). In a particularly preferred embodiment, the anchor arrangement is mounted displaceably guided exclusively in the assembly and guide block.

Vorteilhafterweise weist weiterhin die Permanentmagnetanordnung an ihrem Außenumfang mindestens einen sich über die axiale Länge erstreckenden Ausgleichskanal auf. Dies erweist sich als günstig im Hinblick auf die Schaltdynamik; denn so kann auch bei einem - sich positiv auf die Effizienz auswirkenden - relativ geringen radialen Spalt zwischen der Permanentmagnetanordnung und der diese umgebenden Spulenanordnung (außerhalb des mindestens einen Ausgleichskanals) beim Bewegen der Ankeranordnung die Permanentmagnetanordnung mit geringem Widerstand (durch den mindestens einen Ausgleichskanal hindurch) von Luft umströmt werden.Advantageously, the permanent magnet arrangement also has on its outer circumference at least one compensating channel extending over the axial length. This proves to be favorable with regard to the switching dynamics; because even with a relatively small radial gap - which has a positive effect on efficiency - between the permanent magnet arrangement and the coil arrangement surrounding it (outside the at least one compensation channel) when the armature arrangement is moved, the permanent magnet arrangement can be used with low resistance (through the at least one compensation channel) be surrounded by air.

In ganz besonders ausgeprägter Weise kommen die vorstehend dargelegten Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung zum Tragen, wenn der Linearaktuator als Doppel-Linearaktuator ausgeführt ist mit zwei parallel zueinander, nebeneinander angeordneten Ankeranordnungen und jeweils zugeordneten Spulenanordnungen, wobei das Gehäuse zwei getrennte Mantelabschnitte und ein gemeinsames Endstück, durch das beide Schäfte hindurchtreten, aufweist. So lassen sich auf engstem Raum zwei Funktionalitäten realisieren, wobei der Kompaktheit zugute kommt, dass das Endstück für beide Einheiten gemeinsam magnetisch wirksam sein kann. Entsprechendes gilt für eine in vorteilhafter Weise gegenüberliegend dem Endstück vorgesehene gemeinsame Abschlussplatte des Gehäuses.The advantages of the present invention set out above come into play in a particularly pronounced manner when the linear actuator is designed as a double linear actuator with two armature arrangements arranged parallel to one another and next to one another and respectively associated coil arrangements, with the housing having two separate casing sections and a common end piece that both shafts pass through. In this way, two functionalities can be implemented in the smallest of spaces, with the compactness benefiting from the fact that the end piece can be magnetically effective for both units. The same applies to a common end plate of the housing which is advantageously provided opposite the end piece.

Bevorzugt weist der vorstehend erläuterte Doppel-Linearaktuator eine Einhausung auf mit einer die beiden Mäntel des Gehäuses umgebenden gemeinsamen Schutzkappe. Letztere ist besonders bevorzugt dicht mit einer an dem Endstück angebrachten Flanschplatte bzw. einem Flanschring verbunden.The double linear actuator explained above preferably has a housing with a common protective cap surrounding the two jackets of the housing. The latter is particularly preferably tightly connected to a flange plate or flange ring attached to the end piece.

Im Folgenden wird die vorliegende Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung veranschaulichten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. Dabei zeigt

Fig. 1
einen Axialschnitt durch einen als Doppel-Linearaktuator ausgeführten elektromagnetischen Linearaktuator nach der vorliegenden Erfindung,
Fig. 2
den Linearaktuator nach Fig. 1 in einer geschnittenen perspektivischen Ansicht und
Fig. 3
ein Schaubild zur Verdeutlichung des Verlaufs des Stromflusses durch die Spulenanordnung, der auf die Ankeranordnung wirkenden resultierenden Kraft und der Bewegung der Ankeranordnung über der Zeit nach Beginn der Bestromung der Spulenanordnung.
The present invention is explained below with reference to a preferred exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawing. It shows
Fig. 1
an axial section through an electromagnetic linear actuator designed as a double linear actuator according to the present invention,
Fig. 2
the linear actuator Fig. 1 in a sectioned perspective view and
Fig. 3
a diagram to illustrate the course of the current flow through the coil arrangement, the resulting force acting on the armature arrangement and the movement of the armature arrangement over the time after the start of the energization of the coil arrangement.

Der in den Figuren 1 und 2 der Zeichnung dargestellte, als Doppel-Linearaktuator ausgeführte elektromagnetische Linearaktuator umfasst vier funktionale Hauptkomponenten in Form eines Gehäuses 1, zweier darin aufgenommener Spulenanordnungen 2, zweier Ankeranordnungen 3 und einer Einhausung 4.The one in the Figures 1 and 2 The electromagnetic linear actuator shown in the drawing and embodied as a double linear actuator comprises four functional main components in the form of a housing 1, two coil arrangements 2 accommodated therein, two armature arrangements 3 and a housing 4.

Das Gehäuse 1 umfasst ein Endstück 5, zwei zylindrische Mantelabschnitte 6 und, dem Endstück 5 gegenüberliegend, eine gemeinsame Abschlussplatte 7. Diese Teile bestehen aus einem ferromagnetischen Material. Zur Zentrierung und lagegenauen Positionierung der Mantelabschnitte 6 an dem Endstück 5 unter Herstellung eines guten magnetischen Flussverhaltens taucht das Endstück 5 dabei jeweils passgenau mit einem Vorsprung endseitig in den jeweiligen Mantelabschnitt 6 ein. Im gegenüberliegenden Endbereich weisen die beiden Mantelabschnitte 6 jeweils (einander gegenüberliegend) eine Aussparung auf, durch die die Abschlussplatte 7 hindurchtritt. Im Bereich jener Aussparungen stehen die beiden Mantelabschnitte 6 im stumpfen Kontakt mit der Abschlussplatte 7. Im Übrigen schmiegt sich die Abschlussplatte 7 möglichst spaltfrei an die Innenkontur der Mantelabschnitte 6 an. In jedem der beiden Mantelabschnitte 6 ist eine Spulenanordnung 2 angeordnet.The housing 1 comprises an end piece 5, two cylindrical jacket sections 6 and, opposite the end piece 5, a common end plate 7. These parts consist of a ferromagnetic material. In order to center and precisely position the jacket sections 6 on the end piece 5 while producing good magnetic flux behavior, the end piece 5 dips into the respective jacket section 6 with a protrusion at the end with an exact fit. In the opposite end region, the two jacket sections 6 each (opposite one another) have a recess through which the end plate 7 passes. In the area of those recesses, the two casing sections 6 are in butt contact with the end plate 7. In addition, the end plate 7 clings to the inner contour of the casing sections 6 with as little gaps as possible. A coil arrangement 2 is arranged in each of the two jacket sections 6.

Die beiden Ankeranordnungen 3 umfassen jeweils einem Schaft 8 und eine endseitig an diesem angeordnete Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 mit einem axial magnetisierten Permanentmagnet 10 und zwei stirnseitig an diesem angeordneten scheibenförmigen Flussleitstücken 11. Der - aus einem magnetisch inaktiven Material bestehende - Schaft 8 tritt dabei mit einem Bereich reduzierten Durchmessers axial dergestalt durch die - dementsprechend axial durchbohrte - Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 hindurch, dass er an deren gegenüberliegender Stirnseite ein Stück weit aus dem Flussleitstück 11 hervorsteht und einen Überstand 12 bildet. Am Außenumfang der jeweiligen Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 sind vier sich über deren axiale Länge erstreckende Ausgleichskanäle 13 vorgesehen.The two anchor arrangements 3 each include a shaft 8 and one arranged on the end of the same Permanent magnet arrangement 9 with an axially magnetized permanent magnet 10 and two disc-shaped flux guide pieces 11 arranged on the end face. The shaft 8 - consisting of a magnetically inactive material - passes axially through the permanent magnet arrangement 9 with an area of reduced diameter in such a way that it protrudes a little out of the flux guide piece 11 on the opposite end face and forms a protrusion 12. On the outer circumference of the respective permanent magnet arrangement 9, four compensating channels 13 extending over its axial length are provided.

Jeweils ist der Schaft 8 jeder der beiden Ankeranordnungen 3 in dem Endstück 5 längs einer Achse A gleitend verschiebbar geführt. Das Endstück 5 ist hierfür als Montage- und Führungsblock 14 ausgeführt. Es weist einen axialen Ansatz 15 auf und verfügt über zwei als Gleitführung für den jeweiligen Schaft 8 der Ankeranordnung 3 ausgeführte Bohrungen 16. Jeder Schaft 8 verfügt über zwei zu der Bohrung 16 korrespondierende, auf diese abgestimmte, zueinander beabstandete Führungsabschnitte 17, 18, zwischen denen der Schaft 8 sich auf einen reduzierten Durchmesser verjüngt. Die Schäfte 8 treten durch das Endstück 5 hindurch. Oben ist den Figuren 1 und 2 dabei die Ankeranordnung 3 in der ersten Endstellung mit vollständig in das Gehäuse 1 eingezogenem Schaft 8 gezeigt, wohingegen unten die Ankeranordnung 3 in der zweiten Endstellung mit maximal aus dem Gehäuse 1 ausgefahrenen Schaft 8 gezeigt ist.In each case, the shaft 8 of each of the two anchor assemblies 3 is guided in the end piece 5 so that it can slide along an axis A. The end piece 5 is designed as an assembly and guide block 14 for this purpose. It has an axial extension 15 and has two bores 16 designed as a sliding guide for the respective shaft 8 of the armature arrangement 3. Each shaft 8 has two guide sections 17, 18, which correspond to the bore 16, are spaced apart from one another and correspond to it the shaft 8 tapers to a reduced diameter. The shafts 8 pass through the end piece 5. Above is that Figures 1 and 2 The armature assembly 3 is shown in the first end position with the shaft 8 fully retracted into the housing 1, whereas the armature assembly 3 is shown below in the second end position with the shaft 8 extended maximally out of the housing 1.

Die Spulenanordnungen 2 umfassen jeweils zwei sich um die Achse A herum erstreckende, gegensinnig gewickelte, axial zueinander versetzte Spulen 19, 20, nämlich eine - dem freien, in dem Endstück 5 geführten Ende des Schafts 8 abgewandt angeordnete - erste Spule 19 und eine zweite Spule 20. Die beiden Spulen 19, 20 sind dabei auf einer gemeinsamen Trägerhülse 21 aus magnetisch inaktivem Material aufgenommen. Mittels einer ersten Endscheibe 22, einer zweiten Endscheibe 23 und einem Zwischenring 24 ist jeweils die Außenfläche der Trägerhülse 21 in zwei Kompartimente für die Aufnahme der ersten Spule 19 bzw. der zweiten Spule 20 untergliedert. Die erste Endscheibe 22 und der Zwischenring 24 weisen jeweils Durchbrechungen 25 für die Durchführung des Wicklungsdrahts der beiden - durchgängig, aber mit Umkehrung der Wicklungsrichtung am Übergang von der ersten Spule 19 zur zweiten Spule 20 gewickelten - Spulen auf. Auch die Abschlussplatte 7 des Gehäuses 1 verfügt über der Durchführung des jeweiligen Wicklungsdrahtes dienende Durchbrüche 26.The coil assemblies 2 each comprise two axially extending around the axis A, wound in opposite directions offset coils 19, 20, namely a first coil 19 and a second coil 20 - the free end of the shaft 8 guided in the end piece 5 - the two coils 19, 20 are on a common carrier sleeve 21 made of magnetically inactive Material recorded. By means of a first end plate 22, a second end plate 23 and an intermediate ring 24, the outer surface of the carrier sleeve 21 is subdivided into two compartments for receiving the first coil 19 and the second coil 20. The first end disk 22 and the intermediate ring 24 each have openings 25 for the passage of the winding wire of the two coils - wound continuously but with reversal of the winding direction at the transition from the first coil 19 to the second coil 20. The end plate 7 of the housing 1 also has openings 26 serving to lead through the respective winding wire.

Die erste Spule 19 weist jeweils an ihrem dem freien Ende des Schafts 8 abgewandten Ende einen Bereich 27 mit einem reduzierten Innendurchmesser auf. Hierfür ist die Trägerhülse 21 entsprechend gestuft ausgeführt. Der reduzierte Innendurchmesser der ersten Spule 19 in dem betreffenden Bereich 27 ist dabei so gewählt, dass die Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 und die erste Spule 19 in jenem einen reduzierten Innendurchmesser aufweisenden Bereich 27 einander in einer ringförmigen Überlappungszone radial überlappen.The first coil 19 has an area 27 with a reduced inner diameter at its end facing away from the free end of the shaft 8. For this purpose, the carrier sleeve 21 is designed to be stepped accordingly. The reduced inside diameter of the first coil 19 in the relevant area 27 is selected such that the permanent magnet arrangement 9 and the first coil 19 in that area 27 having a reduced inside diameter overlap each other radially in an annular overlap zone.

In den Endbereich der Trägerhülse 21 ist - stirnseitig spaltfrei an der Abschlussplatte 7 anliegend - ein Kern 28 aus einem magnetisch aktiven Material eingesetzt. Dieser überlappt die gesamte axiale Erstreckung des einen reduzierten Innendurchmesser aufweisenden Bereichs 27 der ersten Spule 19. Hierzu ist er korrespondierend zu der Trägerhülse 21 gestuft gestaltet. In der ersten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung 3 (in Fig. 1 und 2 oben gezeigt) liegt der aus der Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 herausragende Überstand 12 des Schafts 8 an dem Kern 28 an. Auf diese Weise hält das dem Kern 28 benachbarte Flussleitstück 11 der Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 zu dem Kern 28 einen entsprechenden Abstand ein, d. h. es besteht zwischen dem Kern 28 und dem benachbarten Flussleitstück 11 der Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 ein axialer Spalt 29.A core 28 made of a magnetically active material is inserted into the end region of the carrier sleeve 21, resting on the end face without a gap on the end plate 7. This overlaps the entire axial extent of the one Area 27 of the first coil 19 having a reduced inner diameter. For this purpose, it is designed stepped to correspond to the carrier sleeve 21. In the first end position of the anchor arrangement 3 (in Fig. 1 and 2 shown above) the protrusion 12 of the shaft 8 protruding from the permanent magnet arrangement 9 lies against the core 28. In this way, the flux guide piece 11 of the permanent magnet arrangement 9 adjacent to the core 28 maintains a corresponding distance from the core 28, ie there is an axial gap 29 between the core 28 and the adjacent flux guide piece 11 of the permanent magnet arrangement 9.

Die axiale Erstreckung der Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 und die jeweilige axiale Erstreckung und Anordnung der ersten Spule 19 und der zweiten Spule 20 sind so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass die axiale Überlappung der Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 durch die erste Spule 19 in der ersten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung 3 geringer ist als die axiale Überlappung der Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 durch die zweite Spule 20 in der zweiten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung 3. So beträgt die axiale Überlappung der Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 durch die erste Spule 19 in der ersten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung 3 etwa 70%, wohingegen die axiale Überlappung der Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 durch die zweite Spule 20 in der zweiten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung 3 etwa 82% beträgt.The axial extent of the permanent magnet arrangement 9 and the respective axial extent and arrangement of the first coil 19 and the second coil 20 are coordinated so that the axial overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement 9 by the first coil 19 in the first end position of the armature arrangement 3 is less than that axial overlap of the permanent magnet arrangement 9 by the second coil 20 in the second end position of the armature arrangement 3 the second coil 20 in the second end position of the armature arrangement 3 is approximately 82%.

Die dem Schutz von äußeren Einflüssen dienende Einhausung 4 umfasst eine die beiden Mantelabschnitte 6 des Gehäuses 1 umgebende gemeinsame Schutzkappe 30, die mit einem an dem Endstück 5 angebrachten Flanschring 31 dicht verbunden ist. Schutzkappe 30 und Flanschring 31 weisen zueinander fluchtende Bohrungen 32 auf, die der Befestigung des Doppel-Linearaktuators an einer bestehenden Struktur mittels entsprechender Schrauben dienen.The housing 4, which serves to protect against external influences, comprises a common protective cap 30 surrounding the two jacket sections 6 of the housing 1, which is sealed with a flange ring 31 attached to the end piece 5 connected is. Protective cap 30 and flange ring 31 have holes 32 which are aligned with one another and are used to fasten the double linear actuator to an existing structure by means of appropriate screws.

Die in der Zeichnung veranschaulichte Ausführungsform des Linearaktuators ist unter dem Blickwinkel höchster Schaltdynamik und maximaler Schaltkraft bei einer Bewegung der Ankeranordnung 3 von der ersten in die zweite Endstellung optimiert. Im Hinblick auf eine einfache Bauweise bei nur minimalen Abmessungen ist dabei bei dieser Ausführungsform auf eine elektromagnetisch erfolgende Rückführung der Ankeranordnung 3 aus der zweiten Endstellung in die erste Endstellung verzichtet. Eine solche Rückführung erfolgt bei dieser Ausführungsform mittels einer gesonderten, auf den jeweiligen Schaft 8 wirkenden externen Rückstelleinrichtung. Indessen kann der gezeigte Doppel-Linearaktuator auch im Hinblick auf eine elektromagnetisch erfolgende Rückführung der Ankeranordnung abgewandelt werden. Hierzu könnte insbesondere die zweite Spule 20 axial etwas verlängert werden und an ihrem dem freien Ende des Schafts 8 zugewandten Ende einen Bereich mit einem reduzierten Innendurchmesser aufweisen, wobei dieser einen reduzierten Innendurchmesser aufweisende Bereich der zweiten Spule die Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 radial überlappen und in der zweiten Spule 20 endseitig eine Kernhülse aus einem magnetisch aktiven Material aufgenommen sein könnte.The embodiment of the linear actuator illustrated in the drawing is optimized from the point of view of maximum switching dynamics and maximum switching force when the armature arrangement 3 moves from the first into the second end position. With regard to a simple construction with only minimal dimensions, an electromagnetic return of the armature arrangement 3 from the second end position into the first end position is dispensed with in this embodiment. In this embodiment, such a return takes place by means of a separate external reset device acting on the respective shaft 8. In the meantime, the double linear actuator shown can also be modified with regard to an electromagnetic return of the armature arrangement. For this purpose, the second coil 20 could in particular be slightly lengthened axially and have an area with a reduced inside diameter at its end facing the free end of the shaft 8, this area of the second coil having a reduced inside diameter overlapping the permanent magnet arrangement 9 radially and in the second coil 20 at the end a core sleeve made of a magnetically active material could be received.

Fig. 3 veranschaulicht die herausragenden Leistungsdaten eines gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 1 und 2 gestalteten, auf einen jeweils 4,75 mm betragenden Hub der Ankeranordnungen 3 ausgelegten Doppel-Linearaktuators mit einem Durchmesser der Permanentmagnetanordnungen 9 von nur 8 mm. Ohne Bestromung der Spulenanordnung 2 wird - durch Zusammenwirken der jeweiligen Permanentmagnetanordnung 9 mit dem Kern 28 - die Ankeranordnung 3 mit einer Haltekraft von etwa 9,5 N in ihrer ersten Endstellung gehalten. Bei Bestromung der Spulenanordnung 2 ist diese Haltekraft bereits nach nur 0,25 ms kompensiert, und durch ebenso rapiden weiteren Anstieg der elektromagnetisch generierten Kraft setzt bereits nur 0,5 ms nach Beginn der Bestromung (Ansprechzeit) die Bewegung der Ankeranordnung 3 ein. Der Schaft 8 hebt von dem Kern 21 ab, und die Haltekraft bricht rapide ein. Etwa 1 ms nach Beginn der Bestromung hat die auf die Ankeranordnung 3 wirkende, elektromagnetisch generierte Kraft ein Plateau von im Mittel 8,5 N erreicht, das bei sehr großer Gleichförmigkeit nahezu über den gesamten Verstellweg der Ankeranordnung 3 erhalten bleibt. Als Folge hiervon führt die Ankeranordnung 3 eine kontinuierlich beschleunigte Bewegung aus. Gegen deren Ende (ca. ab 3,2 ms nach Beginn der Bestromung der Spulenanordnung 2 und ca. 1 mm vor dem Erreichen der zweiten Endstellung) kommt zunehmend die der zweiten Endstellung der Ankeranordnung 3 zugeordnete Haltekraft hinzu, was zu einem stark progressiven Anstieg der Gesamtkraft führt. Bereits nach nur 3,5 ms erreicht die Ankeranordnung 3 - nach einem Schaltweg von 4,75 mm - ihre zweite Endstellung. Während fortgesetzter Bestromung der Spulenanordnung beträgt die resultierende Gesamtkraft hier etwa 22 N. Fig. 3 illustrates the outstanding performance data of a device according to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Figures 1 and 2 designed double linear actuator designed for a stroke of 4.75 mm each of the armature assemblies 3 with a diameter of the permanent magnet assemblies 9 of only 8 mm. Without energization of the coil arrangement 2, the armature arrangement 3 is held in its first end position with a holding force of approximately 9.5 N by the interaction of the respective permanent magnet arrangement 9 with the core 28. When the coil arrangement 2 is energized, this holding force is compensated for after only 0.25 ms, and the movement of the armature arrangement 3 starts just 0.5 ms after the start of the energization (response time) due to the equally rapid further increase in the electromagnetically generated force. The shaft 8 lifts off the core 21 and the holding force collapses rapidly. Approximately 1 ms after the start of the energization, the electromagnetically generated force acting on the armature arrangement 3 has reached a plateau averaging 8.5 N, which is maintained over almost the entire adjustment path of the armature arrangement 3 with very high uniformity. As a result, the armature arrangement 3 carries out a continuously accelerated movement. Towards the end of this (approx. From 3.2 ms after the start of energization of the coil arrangement 2 and approx. 1 mm before reaching the second end position), the holding force assigned to the second end position of the armature arrangement 3 is increasingly added, which leads to a strongly progressive increase in the Total force leads. After only 3.5 ms, the armature arrangement 3 reaches its second end position after a switching travel of 4.75 mm. While the coil arrangement continues to be energized, the resulting total force is around 22 N.

Claims (15)

  1. An electromagnetic linear actuator, comprising
    - a housing (1) provided with a casing portion (6) and an end piece (5),
    - a coil arrangement (2) disposed in the housing (1) with two coils (19, 20), which extend around a common axis (A), are wound continuously from a coil wire in opposite directions and are axially offset relative to one another and
    - an armature arrangement (3) mounted displaceably in the housing (1) along the axis (A) between two end positions, with a shaft (8) passing through the end piece (5) and a permanent magnet arrangement (9) disposed thereon, the latter comprising an axially magnetized permanent magnet (10) and two disk-shaped flux-conducting pieces (11) disposed at the end faces thereof,
    wherein:
    the permanent magnet arrangement (9) is disposed in end position on the shaft (8) and at least 50% of the axial length of the permanent magnet arrangement (9) is overlapped by one of the two coils (19, 20) in each of the two end positions of the armature arrangement (3), characterized in that
    - the first coil (19) turned away from the free end of the shaft (8) is provided at its end turned away from the free end of the shaft (8) with a region (27) having a reduced inside diameter, wherein the region (27) of the first coil (19) having a reduced inside diameter radially overlaps the permanent magnet arrangement (9), and in that
    - a core (28) of a magnetically active material is received in the first coil (19) in end position.
  2. The linear actuator of claim 1, characterized in that the core (28) overlaps the entire axial extent of the region (27) of the first coil (19) having a reduced inside diameter.
  3. The linear actuator of one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the axial spacing between the first and second coils (19; 20) is not substantially larger than is absolutely necessary from the viewpoint of winding technology.
  4. The linear actuator of one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that no flux-conducting piece is disposed between the first coil (19) and the second coil (20).
  5. The linear actuator of one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that both coils (19, 20) are received on a common carrier sleeve (21) of magnetically inactive material.
  6. The linear actuator of one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the first end position of the armature arrangement (3), in which the permanent magnet arrangement (9) is overlapped by more than 50% by the first coil (19), an axial gap (29) exists between the core (28) and the neighboring flux-conducting piece (11) of the permanent magnet arrangement (9).
  7. The linear actuator of one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the shaft (8) consists of a magnetically inactive material and passes axially through the permanent magnet arrangement (9).
  8. The linear actuator of one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the overlapping of the permanent magnet arrangement (9) by the first coil (19) in the first end position of the armature arrangement (3) is smaller than the overlapping of the permanent magnet arrangement (9) by the second coil (20) in the second end position of the armature arrangement (3).
  9. The linear actuator of one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the end piece (5) of the housing (1) is constructed as a mounting and guide block (14).
  10. The linear actuator of claim 9, characterized in that the armature arrangement (3) is mounted in displaceably guided manner exclusively in the mounting and guide block (14).
  11. The linear actuator of one of the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the permanent magnet arrangement (9) is provided on its outer circumference with at least one compensating channel (13) extending over the axial length.
  12. The linear actuator of one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is constructed as a double linear actuator with two armature arrangements (3) and respective associated coil arrangements (2) disposed side-by-side, wherein the housing (1) is provided with two separate casing portions (6) and one common end piece (5), through which both shafts (8) pass.
  13. The linear actuator of claim 12, characterized in that the housing (1) is provided with a common closure plate (7) opposite the end piece (5).
  14. The linear actuator of claim 12 or claim 13, characterized in that it is provided with an enclosure (4) having a common protective cap (30) surrounding the two casing portions (6) of the housing (1).
  15. The linear actuator of claim 14, characterized in that the protective cap (30) is joined tightly to a flange ring (31) attached to the end piece (5).
EP18708591.5A 2017-02-15 2018-02-06 Electromagnetic linear actuator Active EP3583615B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017103090.5A DE102017103090B4 (en) 2017-02-15 2017-02-15 Electromagnetic linear actuator
PCT/EP2018/052935 WO2018149694A1 (en) 2017-02-15 2018-02-06 Electromagnetic linear actuator

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EP3583615A1 EP3583615A1 (en) 2019-12-25
EP3583615B1 true EP3583615B1 (en) 2020-11-04

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US (1) US11094442B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3583615B1 (en)
JP (1) JP7113033B2 (en)
KR (1) KR102348537B1 (en)
CN (1) CN110326065B (en)
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WO (1) WO2018149694A1 (en)

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DE102017114246A1 (en) 2017-07-03 2019-01-03 Kolektor Group D.O.O. locking device
DE102019135364A1 (en) 2019-12-20 2021-06-24 Kolektor Group D.O.O. Adjusting device

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US20190362875A1 (en) 2019-11-28
EP3583615A1 (en) 2019-12-25
WO2018149694A1 (en) 2018-08-23
US11094442B2 (en) 2021-08-17
DE102017103090A1 (en) 2018-08-16
JP2020508034A (en) 2020-03-12
JP7113033B2 (en) 2022-08-04
KR20190113834A (en) 2019-10-08
CN110326065B (en) 2021-03-12
CN110326065A (en) 2019-10-11
DE102017103090B4 (en) 2020-06-04
KR102348537B1 (en) 2022-01-06

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