EP3555811A2 - Verification of a security document - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for verifying a security document (1) by means of a reading device (2), characterized in that first transmission and/or reflection characteristics of a first region (3) of the security document (1) are detected in a first spectral range by the reading device (2) and a first data set specifying these properties is generated therefrom, the first region (3) overlapping at least in some regions an optical security element (1a, 1b) arranged on the security document (1) or embedded into the security document (1), in that second transmission and/or reflection characteristics of the first region (3) of the security document (1) are detected in a second spectral range by the reading device (2) and a second data set specifying these properties is generated therefrom, wherein the first spectral range differs from the second spectral range in that the authenticity of the security document (1) and/or the security element (1a, 1b) is checked on the basis of at least the first data set and the second data set.

Description

 A method for verifying a security document and a security document a device and a security element

The invention relates to a method for verifying a security document and to a security document, a device and a security element.

Automatic document controls are becoming increasingly prevalent. For example, the ePassport gates, the Automated Border Control (ABC) or the Automated Passport Control (APC) are known. Instead of manually checking documents, users use self-service machines. The users put their ID documents, travel documents respectively

Bording passports in or on the machine and this reads out the document.

In automatic document control, standard test equipment with certain lighting and viewing configurations are preferred. In the automatic verification and verification of the travel or

In particular, the biometric data of the chip, and machine-readable data on the document are used to authenticate and authenticate the owner. Such a device is in

DE 10 2013 009 474 A1. Optical security elements, in particular diffractive security elements such as holograms, which represent a recognizable safeguard against manipulation for the human observer, can not usually be detected or detected by means of this automatic detection. To make matters worse, that in the presence of diffractive security elements, the light of the illumination is diffracted into the camera and the recognizability of the underlying machine-readable personalization or others

Machine-detectable features reduces or completely prevented.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the machine verification of security documents.

The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a

A security document according to claim 62, an apparatus according to claim 63 and a security element according to claim 67.

Such a method for verifying a security document by means of a reading device is characterized in that first transmission and / or

Reflective properties of a first region of the security document in a first spectral range are detected by the reading device and from which a properties specifying first data set is created, wherein the first region at least partially overlaps an optical security element arranged on the security document or embedded in the security document, that second transmission and / or reflective properties of the first region of the security document in a second spectral range are detected by the reader and from these a second specifying these properties

Record is created, the first spectral range is different from the second spectral range and based on at least on the first and the second record, the authenticity of the security document and / or the security element is checked. The device, in particular reader, for verifying a

Security document, characterized by

in that it has a sensor device which is designed such that it has first transmission and / or reflection properties of a first region of the

Captured security document in a first spectral range and created therefrom a first record specifying these properties, wherein the first area arranged on the security document or in the

Security document embedded optical security element overlaps at least partially, that the sensor device is further configured so that it detects second transmission and / or reflection properties of the first portion of the security document in a second spectral range and from this creates a properties specifying these second record, the first spectral range is different from the second spectral region, and that the device has an analysis device which is designed such that it checks the authenticity of the security document and / or the security element based at least on the first and the second data record.

This ensures that security documents and / or security elements, in particular areas of security documents and / or security elements containing security features, especially identity documents of all kinds, especially travel documents, securities, banknotes, means of payment, certificates, etc., can be checked for authenticity by means of automatic document control and the security against forgery of the security documents is thereby further improved.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are designated in the subclaims.

An optical security element is a security element which generates optical information that is tangible to the human viewer, in particular optically variable information. This may also be necessary be to use aids such as a magnifying glass or a UV lamp (UV = ultraviolet, ultraviolet light). An optical security element here preferably consists of the transfer layer of a transfer film, a laminating film or a film element, in particular in the form of a security thread. The

Security element is in this case preferably on the surface of the

Security document applied and / or at least partially in the

Embedded security document.

Further, it is possible that the security document is not just an optical one

Security element, but a plurality of optical security elements, which are preferably designed differently and / or introduced differently in the security document and / or on the security document

are applied. In this case, optical security elements can be applied over the whole area to an upper side of the security document, embedded over the whole area between layers of the security document, but also applied only partially, in particular in strip or thread form or in patch form on an upper side of the security document and / or in a layer of the security document Embedded security document. Preferably, the carrier substrate of the security document has an aperture or in the region of the optical security element

Window area so that the security element looks visually in the incident light both from the front and the back of the security document as well as in the

Transmitted light can be viewed.

By detecting the transmission and / or reflection property of a security element at least partially comprehensive range of

Security document in different spectral ranges makes it possible to improve the mechanical detection of the authenticity features of the security feature due to the different appearances and to eliminate any disturbing properties of optically active and in particular optically variable elements of the security element. This can be further improved by having not only two, but also three, four or more of each other discriminating spectral ranges are set, in which the transmission and / or reflection properties of the first portion of the security document are detected by the reader. Furthermore, the reading device can provide information about the authenticity, in particular an assessment of the authenticity, of the security element or of the security device

Security document. The assessment of the authenticity of the

Security elements can be output by the reader as probability and / or confidence, which preferably quantifies the assessment of the authenticity, in particular the authenticity.

Thus, third and / or fourth transmission and / or reflection properties of the first area of the security document in a third spectral range or in a fourth spectral range can be detected by the reading device and from this a third data set or fourth data record specifying these properties can be created, the third or the fourth spectral range is different from the first and second spectral ranges. Advantageously, based on at least the first, the second, the third and / or the fourth data set, the authenticity of the

Security document checked.

By detecting the transmission and / or reflection properties in three or more different spectral ranges, it can be ensured that one or more peculiarities adhering to the security element are reliably detected, thereby improving the authenticity check. Appearances that can only be seen in a special spectral range can therefore be detected reliably and used for the authenticity check.

The transmission and / or reflection properties of the first area are preferably read by the reading device from the front of the

Security document, in reflected light from the back of the security document and / or detected in transmitted light. In the case of incident light detection from the front or rear side, the security document is preferably in each case irradiated by a reading device from the front or rear side and the image showing in the reflection is detected by means of one or more sensors of the reading device, which are likewise located on the front side. or rear side of the security element are arranged. Alternatively, a first acquisition can be made from one side, the document can be reversed again and then the acquisition can be made from the other side. On the basis of certain features, such as an outer shape of the document or a

Window shape, the merging of the two detected pages

or the front and the back electronically. When detecting the transmission characteristic of the first region in transmitted light, the light sources and the one or more sensors of the reader are preferably on

arranged on different sides of the security document.

For example, the first, second, third and / or fourth transmission and / or reflection properties of the first area of the security document in the first, second, third and / or fourth spectral range are read by the reader from the front side of the security document in incident light, from the side of FIGS

Back of the security document recorded in reflected light and / or transmitted light. From this, a first, second, third or fourth data record specifying these properties is created by the reader. Preferably, the first, second, third and / or fourth data set comprises not only the transmission and / or reflection properties of the first area in a single lighting / viewing situation, but in two or more lighting and / or viewing situations. For example, the first, second, third and / or fourth data record may thus specify the reflection property of the first region in reflected light from the front side and the rear side in the respective spectral region, the reflection characteristic of the first region in reflected light from the front or rear side and the transmission characteristic in FIG Transmitted light in the respective

Specify the spectral range, and the reflection property of the first range in the Specify reflected light from the front and back as well as the transmission characteristic in transmitted light in the respective spectral range.

By an appropriate detection of the transmission and / or

Reflection property of the first area and the use and / or comparison of these data, the fault tolerance, in particular with regard to the authenticity statement, in particular with respect to wear and / or contamination of the

Security document further improved and further the detection of counterfeiting or tampering can be further improved. By using spectral regions, which lie in the wavelength range not visible to the human observer, it is possible for disturbances of the automatic detection by optically active elements of the security element, in particular optically variable elements of the security element, to take place

corresponding comparison detected and eliminated in the machine detection. As a result, the fault tolerance and the test result can be further improved.

Preferably, the data sets concerning the front side are compared with the data sets of the rear side. So that the transmission and / or

It may be necessary to turn the document inside the reader in order to detect the reflection properties of the front and the back.

The first, second, third and / or fourth spectral range is preferably selected from the group: an IR range (IR = infrared, infrared light) of

electromagnetic radiation, in particular the wavelength range of 850 nm to 950 nm, a VIS range (VIS = visible to the unaided human eye light) of the electromagnetic radiation, in particular the

Wavelength range from 400 nm to 700 nm, and a UV range of

electromagnetic radiation, in particular from the wavelength range of 1 nm to 400 nm, preferably from the range 240 nm to 380 nm, more preferably from the range 300 nm to 380 nm. The security element of the security document preferably comprises one or more security features. The first area is here preferably set such that it at least partially overlaps one or more of the security features of the security element, preferably overlaps at least two security features of the security document. Next is also possible that also the

Security document still one or more security features, which are arranged in overlap or partial overlap with the first area. Such security features of the security document may consist, for example, of mottled fibers, a background printing or a metallic thread. The background pressure may have further security features and, for example, at least in some areas under UV radiation be designed fluorescent or contain an IR upconverter or be partially transparent or opaque in the IR range. An IR upconverter uses, as a physical process, the sequential absorption of at least two photons, in particular IR photons or electromagnetic waves in the infrared

Wavelength range to then the thus accumulated absorbed energy in a subsequent emission of a photon, in particular a VIS photon or an electromagnetic wave in the visible

Wavelength range to emit again, wherein the wavelength of the emitted photon or the wave is smaller than the respective wavelength of the at least two absorbed photons or electromagnetic waves. The negative pressure can be in particular in the form of a machine-readable

Coding, for example, a barcode or a machine-readable font be formed.

If there are several security features in the first area, then they preferably overlap one another at least in regions. However, it is also possible for the security features to be arranged at a distance from one another in the first region or to adjoin one another, in particular to be in direct contact with one another in the case of incident light and / or transmitted light observation. By comparing the first and second data sets and possibly the third and fourth data sets, one or more relative values relating to two or more security features of the security element are determined.

Thus, the relative value, for example, the relative position, in particular the

Spacing of two or more security features of the

Security elements and / or the security document to each other determined from these records.

Further, as a relative value, the relative size of two or more

Security features of the security element and / or security document are determined. Further, as a relative value, the relative shape of two or more

 Security features of the security element and / or security document are determined to each other. Thus, in particular the Passerhaltigkeit the

Orientation and shaping of picture elements of the two or more

Security features determined by comparing the records.

Under register or register or register accuracy or

Registration accuracy is a positional accuracy of two or more elements and / or layers to understand relative to each other. It should be the

Register accuracy to move within a predetermined tolerance while being as low as possible. At the same time, the register accuracy of several

Elements and / or layers to each other an important feature to the

Increase process reliability. The positionally accurate positioning can in particular by means of sensory, preferably optically detectable

Registration marks or register marks. These registration marks or

Register marks can either special separate elements and / or Represent areas and / or layers or even be part of the elements to be positioned and / or areas and / or layers.

Further, as a relative value, the relative coverage and / or relative orientation and / or relative size of two or more security features of

 Security elements and / or security document to each other by comparing the records are determined.

The relative values of the two or more determined by the comparison

Further, security features are preferably compared with assigned reference values, and the authenticity is denied if the deviation lies outside of an assigned tolerance range.

This approach provides many benefits. By the

Using relative values rather than absolute values, the corresponding verification is far less prone to the large occurring in practice

Deviations from "ideal" measuring conditions It is thus possible, for example, to eliminate measuring deviations which are caused, for example, by the

Contamination and / or wear of the security document and / or the reader and / or a faulty calibration of the reader can be effected. Furthermore, the detection of counterfeiting can be significantly improved as a result: on the one hand, it is difficult for the counterfeiter to match one

accurate registration and shaping of various security features in a forgery to achieve due to the Paßungenauigkeit the manufacturing process used for this purpose. Due to the determination of corresponding relative values, it is possible for the abovementioned reasons, in particular, to markedly reduce the tolerance range compared to a comparison of absolute values and thus also to reliably detect even slight deviations. This leads to a significant increase in the detection of counterfeiting.

In order to verify the authenticity of the security document, the following steps can be carried out in particular: The positional arrangement and / or shaping of a first security feature of the security element is determined by means of the first data record. The

Positional arrangement and / or shaping of a second security feature of the security element is determined by means of the second data set. The determined positional arrangements and / or shapes are then preferably compared with each other to the relative positional arrangement, in particular spacing, the relative size, the relative shape, in particular the Passerhaltigkeit the orientation and shaping of pixels, the coverage and / or the orientation of the two security features of the security element to each other. Advantageously, furthermore, the positional arrangement and / or

Shaping a third and / or fourth security feature of

Security elements determined by the third or fourth record. These can then be compared with each other in a further step.

The security features preferably each have one or more image elements or image regions and, furthermore, ideally a background region surrounding the image elements. Advantageously, a

Security feature one or more different pixels, which

are formed in particular as area and / or line elements. Preferably, the picture elements of different security elements can be detected under illumination in the different spectral ranges or can not be detected and / or generate a predetermined contrast, in particular to the background area.

The security features are further preferably designed such that in at least one of the spectral ranges detected by the reading device, in particular in the first, second, third and / or fourth spectral range, a contrast is generated between the picture elements and the background area in reflection and / or transmission. As a contrast in reflection and / or transmission is in particular a

Brightness difference and / or a color difference understood. In the case of a brightness difference, the contrast is preferably defined as follows:

K = (L _max - L _min) / (L _m ax + L _min), where L _max and L _m correspond to the brightness of the background, respectively, of the security feature, or vice versa, depending on whether the brightness of the security element or the background is brighter , The values of the contrast are preferably between 0 and 1.

Alternatively, a contrast with respect to a difference in brightness can be defined as follows: K = (. Background - L _me rkmai) / (I background + L _me rkmai). The value range is now preferably between -1 and +1. An advantage of this definition is, in particular, that a "contrast reversal" also has a change of sign When assessing a contrast difference and / or a color difference and / or the appearance in the case of colors, it must be taken into account in particular that there are different possibilities for designing color designs The effect on the impression of color depends on the absorbency of the material to be printed on and / or the fillers in the paint, which depend on the color

Refractive index of the respective color lead to more or less scattering and / or on the type of reflection layer, which is behind or in front of the color. The type and / or direction of illumination can also have a significant influence on the reflection and / or transmission behavior of a color print. Furthermore, there are colors which illuminate preferably at different angles, make the same impression and which, in particular depending on the lighting and

Lighting angle, change the color impression, such as

Interference pigments and / or liquid crystals.

A color layer may be substantially transparent due to dyes or fine pigments in the VIS range. That absorbs the color layer

preferably certain regions of the spectrum to varying degrees, scatters but only to a small extent. When illuminated and viewed in incident light, the ink layer itself thus does not reflect, or only to a very limited extent. The color impression results from the radiation backscattered by the document substrate, which is filtered by the color layer.

However, a color coat may in particular also contain pigments which scatter strongly. It is referred to in particular as a covering color. In this case, the backscattered radiation is substantially independent of

Documents substrate.

Color layers, which are a mixed form, are also possible and are commonly referred to as translucent.

In general, colors are described by hue, their brightness and saturation, which are expressed in a three-dimensional color space, e.g. RGB or Lab can be represented with coordinates. In the Lab color space, the colors green and red are located on the a axis, yellow and blue on the b axis, and L describes a brightness value between 0 and 100. The distance between them

Coordinates must be sufficiently large so that a color sensor can detect a color difference or color difference, in particular color contrast.

This color difference is denoted by ΔΕ and is calculated according to ISO 12647 and ISO 13655 as the Euclidean distance:

L _p, a _p, b _p is the color value of a color value, L _v, a _v, b _v for the color value of another color value to which is the color distance ΔΕ. A color difference ΔΕ should be greater than or equal to 3, preferably greater than or equal to 5, more preferably greater than or equal to 6. Other color spaces are, for example, Luv or HSV. In the image analysis for feature recognition and image segmentation, the HSV color space is preferably used, which is derived from the RGB color space. Here stands H for

Hue / color, S for saturation / saturation and V for value / intensity, which are arranged in a cylindrical coordinate system. The hue is arranged here in a circle and the position of a hue is given in degrees. to

Detection of a color deviation, for example of green, the hue H in a 360 ° color circle at least 10 °, preferably at least 20 °, more preferably at least 30 ° deviate from the defined target color, with a tolerance range of 20 °, preferably 40 ° , more preferably 60 °. The saturation S has a value of at least 100, in particular of at least 75, preferably of at least 50, with a preferred value range of 0 to 255. Particularly preferably, the saturation S is at least 39%, in particular at least 29%, particularly preferably 19.5%, of a range of values. The intensity V has a value of at least 70, in particular between 70 and 120, preferably between 80 and 130, with a preferred value range between 0 and 256. The intensity V is particularly preferably at least 27%, in particular between 27% and 47%, more preferably between 31% and 51%, of one

Value range.

Furthermore, it is also advantageous if the contrasts and / or color distances, in particular color contrasts, between the picture elements and the

Background range of a security feature in a first of the spectral regions sufficiently different from the contrast or color difference in a second of the spectral regions, in particular by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, different. As a result, a separate detectability of the security feature is improved by the reader, thereby ensuring an improved detection of counterfeiting. The picture elements and the background areas of the security element preferably have one in the first, second, third and / or fourth spectral range Difference in the reflection and / or transmission of more than 5%, in particular more than 10%, and in particular between 15% and 100%, preferably 25% and 100%. The maximum captured amount of brightness values comprises in particular 256 brightness levels. In another, especially a higher resolution, the number of available brightness levels may change.

Advantageously, the contrast, in particular the brightness and / or the color contrast, between picture elements and background area in at least one of the first, second, third and / or fourth spectral regions in reflected light and / or transmitted light is greater than or equal to 5%, preferably 8% preferably 10%. The contrast, in particular the brightness and / or the color contrast, between

However, picture elements and background areas in at least one of the first, second, third and / or fourth spectral regions in incident light and / or transmitted light can also be less than or equal to 95%, preferably 92%, more preferably 90%.

A security feature of the optical security element is preferred

or at least one picture element of a partially formed metal layer, preferably formed by a metallic reflection layer. The partially formed metal layer is preferably made of Al, Cu, Cr, Ag, Au or alloys thereof. The metal layer can be applied by means of printing, for example a printing material comprising one or more metallic pigments, and / or sputtering and / or thermal vapor deposition. Advantageously, the partial metallization is produced by partial printing and / or etching and / or by a lift-off process, in particular using a soluble resist as a resist, and / or a photolithographic process. The partial

In particular, however, metal layer can also be produced by local removal by means of a laser. The partially formed metal layer can also be a subelement of an RFID component (RFID = Radio-Frequency IDentification), for example an antenna made of copper. A partially formed metallization can be clearly recognized, especially under IR illumination, and can thus be related to the other areas. There is also the possibility that certain structures, in particular matt structures with an HRI layer (HRI = high refractive index, high refractive index), are arranged in the background and these can be seen under IR or VIS illumination and are thus preferably used as a reference can be used to authenticate. Certain structures can also be arranged in particular in the area of the metallization, so that they are preferably also recognizable under IR or VIS illumination and can thus be used as a reference.

It is also possible to use a metallic reflection layer and an HRI layer in combination.

Advantageously, at least one security feature of the optical

Security element or a picture element formed by a color layer. As a result, a high detection reliability can be achieved. It is advantageous if the color layer in the first spectral range in the

Substantially transparent in the first, second, third and / or fourth

Spectral range is formed. For this purpose, the color layer preferably has a transmittance of at least 50%, in particular more than 80%, ideally more than 90%, in the respective spectral range.

In the second spectral range, the color layer may have a transmittance of not more than 50%, in particular not more than 25%. It should be noted that these values can only refer to a subrange of the second spectral range. Thus, in particular, the VIS area broadband and is preferably detected by a color camera as an RGB image. Furthermore, it is also possible that the color layer is formed luminescent or appears. Ideally, the color layer consists of several colors. The color layer can be excited by radiation of the second and / or third spectral range, in particular under UV illumination and / or VIS illumination. It is advantageous if the color layer is formed such that a color impression can be recognized under different illuminations, for example under VIS and / or UV.

The color layer may be a partially formed color layer. It is also conceivable that the color layer consists of a basecoat with admixed dyes and / or pigments. Furthermore, the color layer may comprise optically variable pigments and / or magnetically detectable pigments. The color layer can be both solvent-based and / or thermally drying as well as curing by UV radiation and / or chemically curing.

Preferably, the color layer can be used as an etch resist. For this purpose, they are based in particular on the basis of PVC and / or PVAC (polyvinyl acetate) copolymer, wherein they preferably have dyes and / or pigments, in particular colored or achromatic pigments and / or effect pigments.

The color layer can be applied by means of a common printing process. To apply the ink, offset, screen, gravure, tampon, intaglio and / or letterpress printing can be used. Furthermore, it can also be applied by means of a digital printing method, in particular by means of an ink-jet printing or by means of a toner and / or a liquid toner.

At least one security feature may also have features

or properties that are visible or visible in particular in the UV range or by means of UV illumination become. In particular, these features bring another level of testing, making it easier to exploit the capability of automatic inspection. The security feature of the security element can be formed by a relief structure and a reflection layer, wherein the relief structure, in particular in at least one of the spectral regions, deflects the incident radiation in a predefined manner. It is advantageous if the reflection layer in at least one of the spectral regions is transparent or substantially transparent or appears, ie has a transmittance of more than 50%, preferably more than 70%, and / or a reflectance of less than 50%, preferably of less than 30%. The reflection layer is preferably formed by an HRI layer, in particular a layer of ZnS (zinc sulfite) and / or ΤΊΟ2 (titanium dioxide).

Preferably, the relief structure is formed by a relief structure with optically variable properties and / or comprises one or more of the following

Relief structures: diffraction grating, asymmetric diffraction structure, isotropic

Matt structure, anisotropic matte structure, Blaze grating, Zero diffraction structure

Order, refractive and / or focusing structures, in particular

 Microprisms, microlenses. In this way, a particularly reliable verification of the security feature and thus of the document can be ensured.

Advantageously, the relief structure is diffracted by a diffraction structure which predetermines the incident electromagnetic radiation in one of the first, second, third and / or fourth spectral range such that a portion of the radiation falls into the at least one detector and in another of the first, second However, electromagnetic radiation is not, or substantially does not fall into at least one detector, third and / or fourth spectral range. Advantageously, the diffraction structure is formed by a zero-order diffraction structure for the at least one spectral range. The period of

Diffraction structure is preferably below the wavelength of the visible

Range. It is in particular 500 nm or less. Ideally, the diffractive structures have a typical color effect in the visible light range.

The structure preferably diffuses or diffracts under the VIS illumination as well as under IR illumination into the at least one detector.

For determining the relative shape of the first and second security features, the shaping of picture elements of the first and second security feature is checked to see whether the picture elements are arranged in register with one another, in particular if image elements formed in the form of lines merge into one another with exact position and / or with respect to their Slope match.

According to the invention, the picture elements may include inter alia graphically designed outlines, figurative representations, images, visually recognizable design elements, symbols, logos, portraits, patterns, alphanumeric characters, text, color designs, etc.

The data sets are preferably the raw images of the first area and / or the security elements and / or security features or of their picture elements, which the reader receives in the respective spectral range. These may be, in particular, grayscale images or color images. In particular, a gray scale image may comprise one or more, preferably all, color channels and / or the hue of an image. Preferably, the first, second, third and / or fourth record of a

Subjected to image processing. In the following, various image processing steps are described, which are preferably used for analyzing the data records and in particular for checking the authenticity of the security document and / or the security element based on the first and second data record. The different steps can be combined with each other depending on the application and can in part presuppose each other.

The basis of the image analysis is, in particular, an image preparation step in which the image is used for feature recognition, in particular feature recognition, and

Image segmentation adapted and edited.

A feature is preferably a distinctive or interesting point of an object or picture element to understand, in particular a corner or an edge. The point can be described in particular on the basis of its environment and can thus clearly recognize or find again.

A preferred step is preferably the conversion of the raw images into a gray value image. In the case of a gray scale image, each pixel preferably exists

or pixel from a brightness value between 0, which is assigned to the color black, and 255, which is assigned to the color white. If the image has only a small amount of brightness values, then the

Image brightness can be transformed by, for example, the brightness value of each pixel is multiplied by a factor or by making a histogram equalization. For processing of color images are preferred the

Color channels of each pixel first converted into a gray value or a brightness value.

For a first position determination, the available gray value image is preferably analyzed by means of template matching (template matching step). Under template matching applications are understood in particular algorithms which identify parts of an image or motifs, in particular image elements of a security feature, which correspond to a predefined image or motif, the template. The template is preferably stored in a database. The picture elements or picture objects are preferred pixel by pixel with a reference image or

Reference motive checked for conformity. If the number of dots, i. the pixels and / or reference points very large, the number of

Reference points are reduced, in particular by reducing the resolution of the images or images. The goal of the algorithm is to be the highest

 Find and locate the match of the reference image or reference motif within the respective data record.

Advantageously, the gray-level images are binarized in an image-editing step with a threshold value formation.

Advantageously, one or more thresholds are determined via an algorithm, in particular the K-means algorithm. Here, the task of the K-means algorithm is a cluster analysis wherein pixels with a brightness value below one or more threshold values are preferably set to black and all others to white. The determination of a black image is carried out in particular by means of the following steps: Comparison of

Brightness values of the pixel data of the associated data set with a first threshold value, wherein all pixels that are below the first threshold, the binary value 0 is assigned, in particular they are set to black. The threshold value is determined in particular on the basis of information relating to the recognized feature or document type, which is stored in a first area of the security document and / or security element. Advantageously, in the UV region as the assigned spectral range, the first threshold value is less than 20% of the value range. In particular, the first one

Threshold smaller than 40 for a value range of 0 to 255. In the IR range as assigned spectral range, the first threshold value is preferably less than 25% of the value range, in particular the first threshold value is less than 60 with a value range of 0 to 255.

A white image is preferably determined from the associated data set by calculating a constant binary image. In particular, the following steps can be carried out to determine the white image: Comparison of the brightness values of the pixel data of the assigned data set with a second threshold, wherein all pixels lying above the second threshold are assigned the binary value 1, in particular they are set to white.

Advantageously, in the UV range as the assigned spectral range, the second threshold value is greater than 5% of the value range, in particular the second

Threshold greater than 20 for a range of values from 0 to 255. In the IR range as assigned spectral range, the second threshold value is preferably greater than 30% of the value range, in particular the second threshold value is greater than 80 for a value range of 0 to 255.

Preferably, the first and second thresholds differ from each other.

The difference between light and dark in the IR range, in particular in an IR image, is greater than 80 and in the UV range, especially in the case of a UV image, greater than 20. The threshold image may be calculated using a threshold algorithm, in particular an adaptive Threshold algorithm with a high block size on the assigned record can be applied. The adaptivity of the

Threshold algorithm here refers in particular to one or more areas of the image and / or one or more pixels of the image. This includes local changes in the background brightness in the calculation. This can ensure that the existing edges are detected correctly.

To generate the threshold image, the following calculations are performed:

Calculation of an edge image from the assigned data record,

 Calculation of a black image from the assigned data record,

- Calculation of a white image from the assigned data set.

The steps can be performed in the specified order as well as in a different order. Furthermore, the calculation of the

Threshold image by combining the edge image, the black image and the white image.

An edge image is preferably first multiplied by the black image at the pixel or pixel level. As a result, all black areas of the black image are now also black in the edge image. This gives a black edge image. In a further step, the black edge image is added to the white image. As a result, all the pixels or pixels which are white in the white image now also become white in the black edge image. The result is a finished threshold image. The first and / or the second threshold value can be set depending on the detected document type, the detected illumination and / or the spectral range. This makes it possible to adjust the threshold exactly to the situation and to be able to perform the best possible test. The reverse procedure is also conceivable. The color channels can come from different color spaces, such as the RGB color space or the HSV color space. The existing threshold value images can be further processed and / or segmented to recognize image details by means of different filters in further image processing steps.

When using filters in particular the pixels are manipulated in dependence of the neighboring pixels. In this case, the filter preferably acts like a mask, in which, in particular, the calculation of a pixel as a function of its

is indicated adjacent pixels.

Advantageously, a low-pass filter is used. The low-pass filter ensures in particular that high-frequency or highly contrasting value changes, such as image noise or hard edges, are suppressed. As a result, the image of the security feature in the respective data set is particularly washed out or blurred and looks less sharp. For example, so locally high contrast differences are changed in each case locally low contrast differences, z. For example, one white and one black adjacent pixel become two differently gray or even gray pixels.

Furthermore, bilateral filters can also be used. This is a selective blur or low pass filter. As a result, in particular flat areas of the security element with medium contrasts soft

drawn, but at the same time strongly contrasting area or motif edges are obtained. In the case of selective blurring, brightness values of pixels from the neighborhood of a pixel preferably flow

Output pixel not only depending on their distance, but preferably also of their contrast in the calculation. Another possibility for noise suppression is the median filter. This filter also receives contrast differences between adjacent areas as it is

high-frequency noise reduced. There are a number of other filters as described here, such as Sobel operator, Laplace filter or the filtering within a frequency space in which the image was previously transferred. Filtering in the frequency domain (usually the transformation is performed with the Fast Fourier Transformation) offers advantages such as an increase in image processing efficiency.

Filters and filter operations are also preferably used for edge analysis and edge detection and / or elimination of image noise and / or smoothing and / or reduction of signal noise.

To detect and locate image details, the pretreated images must be divided or segmented into meaningful image areas. There are different approaches to this. Basis of a segmentation can preferably be an edge detection by means of algorithms which recognize edges and object transitions. High-contrast edges can be located within an image using different algorithms.

These include, among others, the Sobel operator. The algorithm uses a convolution by means of a convolution matrix (filter kernel), which consists of the original image

Gradient image generated. This will be high frequencies in the picture with

Gray values shown.

The areas of greatest intensity are where the brightness of the original image changes the most and thus represents the largest edges. Also the

The direction of the edge can be determined with this method. Similarly, the Prewitt operator works, which, in contrast to the Sobel operator, does not additionally weight the image line or image column in question. If the direction of the edge is not relevant, the Laplacian filter approximating the Laplacian operator can be used. This forms the sum of the two pure or partial second derivatives of a signal.

If only exact pixel edges are searched for and not the edge's strength, the Canny algorithm, which marks contours, is the obvious choice.

Further segmentation is preferably carried out by means of feature detectors and feature descriptors, wherein preferably the accelerated KAZE (A-KAZE) algorithm (kaze = Japanese for wind) is used. A-KAZE is in particular one

Combination of feature detector and feature descriptor.

Preference is given in a first step by means of the A-KAZE Detector on the basis of several different image filters distinctive points in the objects

or picture elements of the reference picture, preferably in one

Database is stored, and searched for the pixels to be verified. These points are described in particular by their environment with the A-KAZE descriptor. A feature described with the A-KAZE descriptor advantageously consists of a coded but unambiguous data set, in particular with a defined size or length and / or the coordinates. A feature matcher, preferably a brooding force matcher, then compares

Advantageously, the descriptions of the features to be compared in the two objects or picture elements and forms pairs of features whose description almost or completely agree. From this comparison, a result value can be calculated, which is a measure of the coincidence of both features. Depending on the size of the result value, a decision is possible as to whether the features are sufficiently similar or not.

Depending on the matching method, an upstream preselection or, alternatively, a point-by-point analysis, which can, however, be very time-consuming, take place. From the matching features can be preferred the Transformation, ie the scaling, displacement, extension, etc., between the two images or pixels calculate. In principle, however, it is also conceivable that the BRISK algorithm (BRISK = Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints) or the SIFT algorithm (SIFT = Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) is used as the algorithm.

For approximating or approximating the shape and position of an object, enveloping bodies, in a further image processing step, are preferably used.

especially envelopes, used.

In the simplest case, this can be a bounding box, an axis-parallel rectangle, in particular a square, which encloses the object. It is also possible to use a bounding rectangle which, in contrast to the bounding box, does not have to be axis-parallel but can be rotated. Furthermore, a bounding ellipse can be used. A bounding ellipse can better approximate round objects, in particular objects with a curvature, than a rectangle and defines the center point, radius and rotation angle. More complex bodies can be approximated by means of a convex hull or an envelope polygon. However, the processing of these objects requires significantly more computation time than with simple approximations. For the sake of

 Calculation effort is therefore used in each case a simple object as possible.

Preferably, one or more of the following steps are performed in order to check the authenticity of the security document and / or security element based on the created data records, in particular the first, second, third and / or fourth data record:

1 Conversion of one or more of the raw images into one or more gray value images and / or color images and threshold value formation, in particular calculation of one or more threshold value images, and / or color rendering. Comparison of individual images, in particular raw, gray scale, color and / or threshold images with one or more templates for verification preferably by means of template matching. Edge detection in each case one or more of the images, in particular raw, gray scale, color and / or threshold value images. Finding the position of one or more objects in each one or more of the images, in particular in raw, gray scale, color and / or threshold images, on enveloping body and / or segmentation and / or recognition of one or more of the objects in each case by means of one or more Feature detectors and / or feature descriptors. Comparison of one or more gray values and / or color values in each case one or more of the images, in particular raw, gray value, color and / or

 Threshold images, with gray values and / or color values stored in a database. Comparison of two or more of the images, in particular two or more of the raw, gray value, color value and / or threshold value images, to each of which one or more, in particular all, of steps 1 to 5 have been applied. Comparison of the displacements of one or more of the objects in individual images, in particular in raw, gray scale, color and / or threshold images, in each case by means of one or more bounding boxes or similar further methods. Comparison of the brightness values of one or more of the superimposed images, in particular superimposed raw, gray scale, color and / or

Threshold images, and one or more possible further image analyzes. Advantageously, a security band, in particular a first security band, comprises a first object consisting of one or more picture elements. The first security feature preferably has a metal layer, the metal of the metal layer being provided in the region of the picture elements, and no metal layer being provided in a background region surrounding the picture elements. In the background area surrounding the picture elements, a transparent reflection layer made of a material having a high refractive index may preferably be provided.

Advantageously, a security feature, in particular a second or a further security feature, comprises a further, in particular a second object, consisting of one or more image elements.

The second security feature preferably has a color layer, the dyes and or pigments of the color layer being provided in the area of the picture elements, and the dyes and or pigments of the color layer are not provided or provided in a lower concentration in a background area surrounding the picture elements. The color layer preferably has UV-fluorescent pigments.

The first security feature consisting of a first object and the second object consisting of a second object preferably overlap

Security feature partially.

For testing, the first object is detected by means of the first data record, in particular by detection of the metallic surface in the first

Spectral range, especially in the IR range. The first object appears under illumination in the IR primarily dark in front of the brighter substrate of the

Security document. Any diffractive design elements of the first object can affect the contrast, but only to a small extent, when using the IR range as the first spectral range.

The first object is preferably softened with a bilateral filter, which in particular is a selective low-pass filter which leaves hard edges intact. Preferably, by means of a digital comparison of the object from the recording or the first data record with a reference image stored in a database, in particular a so-called template matching, the metallic region is sought by using a previously stored template image. The test preferably takes place on the basis of prior knowledge from a database in which the various possible images and necessary tests are described by the developer of the features. Furthermore, in a further step, the second object can be detected from the second data set, in particular by detecting the color layer, in a second spectral range, in particular in the UV range or VIS range.

Advantageously, the first object of the first security feature is detected from the first data record and a reference point, in particular the midpoint, of the first object is calculated and the second object of the second security feature is detected from the second data set and a reference point, in particular the midpoint, of the second object is calculated. As reference points come one or more centers, intersections, points on edges, vertices, points on surfaces, points in volumes, local and / or global minima and / or local and / or global maxima, in particular of one or more objects but also quantities of protruding points, such as lines, edges,

Variance ranges, confidence intervals and / or arbitrary surfaces, in particular of one or more objects into consideration. Such reference point quantities may also consist of different proportions of the aforementioned reference points

be composed. By comparing the spacing of the calculated Reference points, in particular center points, or other reference points of the first and second object with a reference value is then preferably the examination of the authenticity of the corresponding security document and / or

Security element. On the basis of further reference points can also

Orientations of the objects are determined to each other, the comparison with reference values also allow a check for authenticity.

In order to calculate the reference point, in particular the center, of the first and / or second object, a rectangular frame is preferably calculated which preferably adjoins the first or second object, in particular as closely as possible to the geometric shapes of the first and / or second object, wherein the reference point, in particular the center, of the rectangular frame is evaluated in particular as a reference point, in particular as the center, of the first or second object. Preferably, the rectangular frame is calculated around the largest detected object.

Advantageously, to calculate the reference point, in particular the center, of the first and / or second object, the first and second threshold image are first calculated and then a rectangular frame is calculated or generated in each case. The frame preferably includes all the pixels of the first or second threshold value image with the binary value 1. Of the

However, the frame can also be around all pixels of the first or second threshold image with the binary value 0. The reference point, in particular the center point of the frame, is evaluated in particular as a reference point, in particular center, of the first or second object. If the outer contours of the objects can not be completely recognized, then it is necessary

preferably an adaptation of the algorithms, this is particularly suitable for the image recognition algorithm feature matching. On the basis of the best matching position, in particular the almost optimal position, preferably the optimal position, a suitable template is preferably a virtual reference point, in particular center, of the first or second object determined. Deviations may occur due to manufacturing tolerances. The

However, deviations of the rectangular frames or bounding boxes from each other should not exceed a predetermined deviation in order to ensure reliable verification. In particular, the maximum permissible deviation may preferably be less than ± 0.8 mm, in particular less than ± 0.5 mm, preferably less than ± 0.2 mm, longitudinally and transversely, these being the permitted deviation of the bounding boxes from each other or to to represent a reference.

Preferably, a first security feature and a second security feature at least partially overlap. The security element is preferably located above the second security feature when viewed from the front of the security document. The first and second

Security feature has one or more picture elements and one each

 Background area, wherein the picture elements of the first security element are opaque or largely opaque in a second spectral range and in particular consist of a metal layer. The first data record and the second data record are preferably compared as to whether the picture elements or one or more picture elements of the second security feature in the second data record are only in the area of the

Background area of the first security feature. Furthermore, it is also possible that the first and the second security element each have one or more picture elements and a background area, wherein the picture elements of the second security element are transparent or substantially transparent in the first spectral range, but in the second spectral range have a contrast, in particular the brightness level. and / or the color contrast between picture element and background area of greater than 5%, preferably 8%, and more preferably 10%. Preferably, the position and shape of one or more picture elements of the second security feature is determined from the second data record,

in particular by calculating a second threshold image. Further, the first data set becomes the location and shape of one or more

Image elements of the first security feature determined, in particular by calculating a first threshold image. In a further step, key points, such as end points of the picture elements of the first and second

Security features determined and based on this, it is checked whether pixels of the first and second security features are positioned in register with each other in accordance with predetermined reference values and / or merge into one another and / or coincide with respect to their slope.

Furthermore, it is possible that the first security feature comprises a partial metal layer and a diffractive structure. The second security feature comprises a partial color layer, wherein the material of the metal layer or the color layer is provided in one or more picture elements of the first and second security feature and in one surrounding the picture elements

Background area is not provided. Preferably, the picture elements of the metal layer and the color layer are formed congruent to each other. The diffractive structures are further preferably designed such that they diffract radiation of the second spectral range, in particular of the VIS range, into a sensor of the reader, but not radiation of the first spectral range.

especially the IR range, bend into the sensor of the reader.

The above-specified identical formation of the metal layer and the color layer of the first and second security feature is preferably achieved in that the color layer as an etching resist for partial demetallization of

Metal layer is used in the production of the security element. A further preferred variant consists of a color print that is opaque in particular for the respective exposure wavelength, preferably an absorbing and / or Translucent color, as a mask for a photolithographic structuring of the metal simply to use. The register-accurate structure of these two layers thus generated can be detected accordingly by the method described above and used to test the authenticity of the security document.

One or more of the following measures may be carried out in any combination, in particular to verify the authenticity of the security document, in particular information on the authenticity of the security document:

The first security feature comprises a partial metal layer and the second security feature comprises a partial color layer, wherein in one or more pixels of the first security feature and the second

Security feature, the material of the metal layer or ink layer is provided and is not provided in a background area. Several picture elements of the color layer are shaped in the form of a machine-readable code, in particular a QR code. The metal layer is demetallized using a first mask layer formed in the form of a first information and using a second mask layer formed by the color layer. This ensures that the picture elements of the metal layer no longer contain the complete first information. During the check, the picture elements of the first and second security feature are respectively determined from the first and second data record and then compared to whether the checking of the combination of the respective picture elements from the first and the second security feature yields the complete first information.

In the same way as described above, from the created data sets, in particular the first, second, third and / or fourth data set, the

Security feature of the security element further security features of the security document are detected, which in the first area, in particular in an overlap one or more security features of the security element are arranged. These security features of the security document and / or substrate, can then in the same way as above with respect to

Security features of the security element described, in particular in the determination of corresponding relative values to security features of

Security elements to verify the authenticity of the security document.

Furthermore, it is also possible for one or more of the security features of the security element and / or security document to be individualized or

contain personalized information, for example by partial removal of a metal layer of the respective security feature by means of a laser or by printing in under UV irradiation fluorescent color. These

Personalization or personalization can additionally by

Comparisons with other information, both from the recorded

Records, as well as from a database accessed by the reader, to verify the authenticity of the security document.

If the security element has a security feature comprising a color layer, the following steps are preferably carried out to check the authenticity of the security document:

 Determining one or more parameters of the color layer, selected from location, color, color coverage, reflection, orientation, size, shape, personalization, color change and electromagnetic properties, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth data sets, preferably a Comparison of the determined one or more parameters with

predefined assigned reference values takes place and a denial of the authenticity occurs when the deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range. If the security element has a security feature comprising a metal layer, then it is preferred to check the authenticity of the security document continue following steps:

 Determining one or more parameters of the metal layer, selected from the position, reflection, color, orientation, size, shape, personalization, area coverage, transmission, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth data sets, preferably a comparison of the determined one or more parameters are performed with predefined assigned reference values and denial of authenticity occurs if the deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range. If the security element has a security feature comprising an antenna, the following steps are preferably carried out to check the authenticity of the security document:

 Determining one or more parameters of the metal layer or antenna structure, selected from position, electromagnetic properties, design, color, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth data sets, wherein preferably a comparison of the determined one or more parameters with predefined assigned Reference values and a denial of authenticity occurs when the deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range.

Assigns the security document below the security element

Document background comprising a metal layer and / or color layer, then the following steps are preferably carried out to check the authenticity of the security document:

Determining one or more parameters of the metal layer and / or the

 Color layer, selected from layer, color, color coverage, reflection, orientation, size, shape, electromagnetic properties, personalization, and

Area coverage, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth data sets, wherein in particular a comparison of the determined one or more parameters associated with predefined Reference values and a denial of authenticity occurs when the

Deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range.

If the security element has a security feature comprising an RFID chip, the following steps are preferably carried out to check the authenticity of the security document:

 Reading one or more of information stored on the RFID chip, which in particular is a specification of one or more

Contain security features of the security element and / or in this stored code,

 Checking the security document based on the read out

Information, in particular whether one or more security features of the security element correspond to the read specifications and / or include the code read.

If the security element has a security feature comprising at least one diffractive and / or refractive structure, then the

The authenticity of the security document preferably further comprises the following steps: determination of one or more parameters of the diffractive and / or refractive structure, selected from the position, reflection, scattering, gloss, arrangement of the

Design elements of the diffractive and / or refractive structure, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth

records

in particular comparison of the determined one or more parameters with

predefined assigned reference values and negation of the authenticity, if the deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range.

Does the security element a security feature comprising a

self-luminous structure, such as an OLED or a

luminescent layer, then to verify the authenticity of the

Security document further prefers the following steps: Determination of one or more parameters of the self-luminous structure,

selected from lights at excitation, color at excitation, position of the elements of the self-luminous structure, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth data sets,

in particular comparison of the determined one or more parameters with

predefined assigned reference values and negation of the authenticity, if the deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range.

If the security document has a document body with a plurality of layers and / or a window and / or an opening region, the following steps are preferably carried out to check the authenticity of the security document:

 Determination of one or more parameters of the document body, selected from window position, window shape, position of the layers relative to one another, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth data sets,

in particular comparison of the determined one or more parameters with

predefined assigned reference values and negation of the authenticity, if the deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range. Due to the presence of a plurality of features to be checked, a verification in a security feature area of the security document can be reliably performed, whereby a reliable statement as to the authenticity of the document can be made, ie there is a high probability or confidence of the authenticity of the document. The individual verifiable characteristics can basically be combined with each other. Advantageously, the individual features can be relatively related to each other. It is conceivable, for example, that the position of a first pixel is related to the position of a second pixel, or that their orientations or sizes are related to one another. The color of a first picture element or object can also be displayed under VIS- Lighting to the color, respectively brightness of the first picture element under IR illumination in relation to be brought.

It is advantageous if information about the authenticity of the security element or of the security document is output by the reading device. This can be done both in visual as well as in acoustic and / or electronic form.

The document may be an identification document, a travel document, an identity card, a passport, a visa, a security, a banknote

Certificate etc. act. The document or at least the page to be checked, such as the data page in a passport, or a page with a visa label, preferably comprises a single-layered or multi-layered substrate. The substrate is preferably in the form of a card or a data page made of paper and / or plastic. In particular, the substrate is made of a plastic, preferably of PVC, ABS, PET, PC, Teslin or combinations thereof (layer composite) thereof. It is also conceivable that the substrate is made of paper or a textile material. The substrate may have a transparent area and / or an opening. The implementation of the method according to the invention can also continue the

 Provision and / or production of a security document, which is designed as set out above and / or a security element, which is designed as set out above. The sensor device of the device preferably has one or more sensors and / or one or more radiation sources. Preferably, different radiation sources and / or sensors are assigned to the first and the second spectral range. Ideally, the sensor device comprises one or more

Radiation sources that emit or detect visible light, UV light and / or IR radiation. Furthermore, the sensor device can be configured such that, in addition to the spectral range, the illumination directions and / or the illumination directions

Viewing directions can be varied. For example, a lighting in the VIS range from different directions or

Directional areas occur which result in several data sets to the same spectral range. For example, disturbing reflections can be avoided.

It is also conceivable that the device has at least one laser diode and / or an LED. Preferably, software evaluates the signals obtained from the device. The software can be directly in the device or even on a connected PC or other external device, such as a smartphone or a server. In the following, the invention will be explained by way of example with reference to several embodiments with the aid of the accompanying drawings. Showing:

Fig. 1 a, 1 b shows schematic representations of a

 security document

Fig. 1 c shows a schematic representation of a reading device

Fig.l d flowchart of a verification process

Fig. 2a, 2b schematic representation of a UV pressure and

 Partial metallization with virtual bounding box

3a, 3b, 3c, 3d schematic representation of a security feature in one embodiment 4a, 4b, 4c is a further schematic representation of a

 Security feature in one embodiment

5a, 5b, 5c, schematic representation of the superposition of the figures

 3 and 4 security features shown

6a, 6b, 6c, 6d Schematic representation of a security feature at

 Observation under different spectral ranges Fig. 7a, 7b, 7c Schematic representation of a security document with partially configured security element

Fig. 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e Schematic representation of a QR code

 formed security feature when observed under different spectral ranges

Fig. 9 Schematic representation of a security feature with it formed individual markings

FIGS. 1 a and 1 b illustrate, by way of example, the construction of a security document 1.

Fig. 1a shows the security document 1 in plan view and Fig. 1 b in cross section.

The security document 1 preferably consists of an ID document, for example a passport, a passport card, an access card. However, this may also be a further security document 1, for example a banknote, security, a certificate or a credit card or bank card. The Sicherheitsdokunnent 1 has a document body 1 1 and one or more security elements, of which in Fig. 1 a and 1 b two security elements 1 a, 1 b are shown. The security elements can in this case on the document body 1 1 of the

 Security document 1 be applied, or be embedded in the document body 1 1 of the security document 1, in particular be fully or partially embedded. The document body 1 1 of the security document is preferably multi-layered and in particular comprises a carrier substrate, which is formed by a paper substrate and / or plastic substrate. Next, the

Document body 1 1 still one or more protective layers, one or more decorative layers and / or one or more security features. In FIG. 1 b, a security feature 15 of the security document 1 is shown by way of example which at least partially overlaps the region 3 or at least partially overlaps the region 3 of the security document 1 to which the security element 1 a is applied. Preferably, the

Document body 1 1 in this case also an electronic circuit, in particular an RFID chip, in which information is stored.

The one or more security elements, in particular the security elements 1 a, 1 b preferably each consist of an element which is manufactured independently of the production of the document body 1 1 and applied only during the production of the security document on the document body 1 1 or in the document body. 1 1 is embedded. The security elements 1 a, 1 b are formed in particular by transfer layers of a transfer film, a laminating film and / or a film element, in particular in the form of a security thread. The security elements here can be a surface of the

Cover the entire security document and / or only partially cover it, be formed, for example, in strip or patch shape, as shown with respect to the security elements 1 a, 1 b in Fig. 1 a.

The security elements, in particular the security elements 1 a, 1 b in this case preferably have a protective layer 14, a decorative layer 12 and an adhesive or adhesion-promoting layer 13. Thus, for example, the security element 1 a is formed in the form of the transfer layer of a transfer film, which has a

Protective layer 14, a decorative layer 12 and an adhesive layer 13 and applied to the front of the document body 1 1 as shown in Fig. 1 a is applied.

The security element 1 b is formed in the form of a film element comprising two adhesion-promoting layers 13 and a decorative layer 12, has a patch shape and is during the production of the document body 1 1, as shown in Fig. 1 b, in the interior of the document body 1 first embedded.

The decorative layers 12 of the security elements 1 a, 1 b each form one or more security features, which preferably also optically for the

human observers are visible. In Fig. 1 a are exemplary four

Security features 10 shown which of the decorative layers 12 of the

Security elements 1 a, 1 b, are provided. In this case, each of the security features 10 is preferably formed by an associated layer or a plurality of associated layers of the decorative layer 12

provided. For example, the decorative layers 12 have one or more of the following layers:

The decorative layer 12 preferably has one or more metallic layers, which are preferably not in the entire area, but only partially in the

Security element are provided. The metallic layers may here be opaque, translucent or partially transparent. Preferably, the metallic layers formed here by different metals, which have significantly different reflection and / or transmission spectra. For example, the metal layers are formed of aluminum, copper, gold, silver, chromium, tin or an alloy of these metals. Furthermore, the metallic regions can be screened and / or configured with locally different layer thicknesses.

The one or more metal layers are preferably patterned in the form that they include one or more picture elements in which the metal of the metal layer is provided and include a background area in which the metal of the metal layer is not provided. The

Image elements may in this case preferably be in the form of alphanumeric characters, but also of graphics and complex representations of objects. Further, it is also possible that the dimensions of the picture elements in at least one lateral direction below 300 μιτι, preferably of less than 200 μιτι, more preferably of less than 50 μιτι lie. This makes it possible to

Structuring the respective metal layer in front of the human observer to hide, but still to ensure a machine detectability.

The decorative layer 12 may further comprise one or more color layers, in particular colors. These color layers are preferably

Color layers which are applied by means of a printing process and which comprise one or more dyes and / or pigments which are incorporated in a binder matrix. The dyes and / or pigments have here an absorption / reflection spectrum and / or an absorption / reflection behavior, which differs preferably in different spectral ranges detected by the reading device, in particular distinctly different. However, they can also differ within a spectral range, such as in the VIS range. The color layers, in particular colors, can be transparent, clear, partially scattering, translucent or non-transparent or opaque. Dyes and / or pigments used are preferably dyes and / or pigments which are detectable in the IR range, for example in the near range

Infrared range of 800 nm to 1000 nm, which are detectable in the VIS range, such as the usual printing inks and / or which are detectable in the UV range, i. in particular absorb UV light and / or have UV-luminescent properties. As dyes and / or pigments can also

photochromic substances are used, which are activated in the UV range and then visible in the VIS range.

The one or more color layers here preferably each comprise one or more picture elements in which the dyes and / or pigments of the color layer are provided and a background area in which the pigments

or dyes of the color layer are not provided or in

lower concentration are provided.

The decorative layer 12 preferably has two or more color layers in which the picture elements are differently shaped and / or the pigments and / or dyes of the color layer have different reflection and / or absorption properties, in particular in the first, second, third and / or fourth spectral range.

The decorative layer 12 preferably has one or more optically active

Relief structures, which preferably each in the surface of a

Replizierlackschicht are introduced. These relief structures are preferably diffractive relief structures, such as holograms, for example.

Diffraction gratings, diffraction gratings with symmetrical or asymmetrical

Profile shapes, zero-order diffraction structures. These relief structures may also be isotropic and / or anisotropic scattering matt structures, blazed gratings and / or substantially reflective and / or transmissive

Relief structures such as microlenses, microprisms or micromirrors act. The decorative layer 12 further preferably has one or more interference layers which reflect or transmit the incident light in a wavelength-selective manner. These layers can be formed, for example, by thin-film elements, in particular Fabry-Perot thin-film elements, which generate a viewing-angle-dependent color shift effect, based on an arrangement of layers having an optical thickness in the range of half or K / 2 (λ is the wavelength of the light or the

Wavelength of an electromagnetic wave) or quarter or λ / 4 wavelength of the incident light. Constructive interference in an interference layer with a refractive index n and a thickness d is calculated as follows:

2nd cos (Θ) = ιτιλ, where Θ is the angle between the illumination direction of the viewing direction, λ is the wavelength of the light and m is an integer. These layers comprise a spacer layer, in particular arranged between an absorption layer and a reflection layer or may preferably be formed by a layer comprising thin-film layer pigments.

The decorative layer can furthermore preferably have one or more liquid-crystal layers which, on the one hand, generate a reflection and / or transmission of the incident light depending on the direction of the liquid crystals, depending on the polarization of the incident light and, on the other hand, also a wavelength-selective reflection and / or transmission of the incident light.

As shown in Fig. 1 a, of a reading device 2, a first region 3 of the

Security document detected, which overlaps the security element 1 a at least partially. In the first area 3 comprises the security element 1 a preferably one or more security features, which are formed in Fig. 1 a of the security features 10.

Furthermore, it is also possible that the first area 3 overlaps with one or more security features of the security document 15, as is illustrated in FIG. 1a by way of example for the security feature of the security document 15. The security feature of the security document 15 is in this case preferably corresponding to, as above with respect to the security features 10 of

Security elements described trained.

Furthermore, it is also possible for one or more second and third regions of the security document 1 to be encompassed by the reading device, which overlap, for example, the security element 1b, in addition to the first region. In particular, the entire area of the document can also be recorded.

FIG. 1 c shows schematically the structure of a reading device 2, which can be used for checking the security document 1. The reading device 2 has a sensor device 21, an analysis device 22 and an output device 23. The sensor device 21 preferably has one or more radiation sources 24 and one or more sensors 25.

Thus, the sensor device 21 preferably has three or more

Radiation sources 24, which each emit radiation having a different spectral composition, in particular emit light from a UV range, a VIS range or an IR range. The

Sensor device 21 preferably has one or more sensors 25, which for the detection of radiation from different spectral ranges

or wavelength ranges are set up, for example, by pre-circuit of corresponding bandpass filter and appropriate selection of

Image sensors, wherein one or more of the sensors 25 may preferably detect one or more spectral ranges. These sensors are preferably image sensors, more preferably cameras, particularly preferred detectors, which in particular an image with a minimum resolution of 350 ppi, in particular 400 ppi, preferably 500 ppi, along the horizontal and / or vertical axis can record.

Preferably, the sensor device 21 shown here, for example, in Fig. 1 c, sensors 25, which are arranged on different sides of a supply device for a document of value to the transmission and / or

To be able to record the reflection spectrum both in the incident light view from the front and back as well as in the transmitted light view.

The analysis device 22 evaluates the data sets generated by the sensor device 21 and preferably includes hardware and / or

Software components, which carry out the following

performs the described evaluation steps. In this case, it is also possible for the analysis device 22 to access an external database 26.

Furthermore, the reading device 2 preferably comprises an output device 23 which outputs the result of the authenticity check to the operator visually, acoustically, haptically, electronically and / or in any other way.

In addition to the sensors 25 described above, the reading device 2 may also comprise further sensors 25 for the automatic recording of data of the security document, for example an RFID reader and sensors 25 for detecting electrical and / or magnetic security features of the

Security document.

FIG. 1 d shows a flow chart of a method for verifying the

Security document 1. In a step 101, a security document 1 is preferably provided. In a step 102, first transmission and / or reflection properties of a first region 3 in a first spectral range are detected. In a step 103, second transmission and / or reflection properties of the first

Area 3 detected in a second spectral range. Steps 102 and 103 may be performed in parallel or sequentially. In a step 104, a first data record specifying the first transmission and / or reflection properties is generated. In a step 105, a second data record specifying the second transmission and / or reflection properties is generated. Steps 104 and 105 may be performed in parallel or sequentially. In a step 106, the authenticity of the security document 1 or of the security element 1 a is checked based on the first data record and the second data record.

Advantageously, further, in particular third and / or fourth

Transmission and / or reflection properties in a third spectral range or in a fourth spectral range are detected by the reader 2.

The first, second, third and / or fourth spectral range is in particular selected from the group: IR range of the electromagnetic radiation, in particular in the wavelength range of 850 nm to 950 nm, VIS range of

electromagnetic radiation, in particular in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 700 nm, and UV range of the electromagnetic radiation,

In particular in the wavelength range from 1 nm to 395 nm. To check the authenticity of the security document 1, the relative position arrangement, in particular spacing, the relative size, the relative shaping, in particular the passercy of the orientation and shaping of picture elements, the coverage and / or or the orientation of two or more security features 10 of the security element 1 a to each other determined by comparing at least the first data set and the second data set. In a further step, the determined relative values of the two or multiple security features 10 compared to predefined reference values, wherein a denial of the authenticity occurs when the deviation is outside a predefined tolerance range. Furthermore, to verify the authenticity of the security document 1, the following steps can also be carried out:

 Determining the positional arrangement and / or shaping of a first

Security feature 10a of the security element 1 a by means of the first

Record

Determination of the positional arrangement and / or shaping of a second

 Security feature 10b of the security element 1 a by means of the second

Record

 Comparison of the determined positional arrangements and / or shaping with each other for determining the relative positional arrangement, in particular spacing, the relative size, the relative shaping, in particular the registration of the orientation and shaping of picture elements, the coverage and / or the orientation of two or more security features 10 of FIG

Security elements 1 a to each other. FIG. 2 a shows a schematic representation of virtual bounding boxes 201 a, 202 a, preferably in the form of a rectangular frame, around one or more objects 9 a, 9 b on a security element 1 a, in particular around a security feature 10 a comprising a print 201 that fluoresces under UV irradiation and a

Security feature 10b comprising a partial metallization 202. The bounding boxes 201a, 202a are preferably adjacent as closely as possible to the respective objects 9a, 9b. Preferably, the first, second, third and / or fourth record of a

Image processing, whereby bounding boxes 201 a, 202 a are generated. The bounding boxes 201 a, 202 a are used to determine the centers 201 b, 202 b of the security features 201, 202

Center points of the bounding boxes 201 a, 202 a the centers 201 b, 202 b of the objects 9 a, 9 b, in particular the UV pressure 201 and the partial metallization 202. FIG. 2b shows a distance 200, represented by a double arrow 200, which shows the distance between the calculated centers 203b, 204b of the bounding boxes 203a, 204a. By comparing the spacing 200 of the

calculated centers 203b, 204b with a reference value is then preferably the test of authenticity.

The security element 1 a of the security document 1 preferably has one or more security features 10.

FIG. 3a now shows a schematic representation of a first security feature 10a in an embodiment as a UV-fluorescent print 205. The first

Security feature 10a preferably has one or more picture elements 7a and a background area 7b surrounding the picture elements 7a. The first security feature 10a shown in FIG. 3a is a colored layer 8b, in particular a UV print 205, which is visible only in the UV range.

FIG. 3b shows a further schematic representation of a second one

Security feature 10b. The second security feature 10b provides a partially formed metal layer 8a as a partial metallization 206, in particular with

molded diffractive structures of a Kinegram® ready, which is particularly well recognized in the IR range. Under illumination in the IR, the metal layer 8a appears predominantly dark with respect to the background region 7b. The image of the second security feature 10b shown in FIG. 3b is preferably softened with a bilateral filter. In particular, it is a selective low-pass filter that leaves hard edges intact.

Threshold images are calculated in particular from the images of the first security feature 10a and of the second security feature 10b respectively shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b. To create the threshold images Preferably, the following three calculations are performed, in particular successively.

In a first step, an adaptive binary thresholding is performed. In the following example, it is assumed that the grayscale image is 256

 Brightness values, wherein the brightness value 0 of the color black and the brightness value 255 of the color white is assigned.

 For the adaptive, binary threshold value formation, a large filter core is preferably selected in relation to the image resolution, so that existing edges are recognized correctly. In this first filtering step it comes in particular to the misrecognition of image features, dirt or other, which is actually no real motif edge. The result is an "edge picture".

Thereafter, a constant binary thresholding is carried out again and all brightness values which lie below a defined brightness value are set to the binary value 0, which is preferably associated with the color black. The threshold is determined on the basis of prior knowledge of the recognized document type. The result is a "black screen." Brightness threshold example: IR image: Brightness value less than 60, UV image: Brightness value less than 40. These example values are for an image with a brightness of 256 values especially images with a brightness of 512 values or 1024 values.

Thereafter, a constant binary thresholding is carried out again on the scanned gray scale image and all brightness values which are above a defined value, to the binary value 1, which is preferably associated with the color white. The determination of the threshold is made on the basis of

Previous knowledge regarding the recognized document type. The result is a "white picture." Example of the brightness threshold: IR picture:

Brightness value greater than 140, UV image: Brightness value greater than 60. Ideally, the difference between light and dark, in particular brightness values that are perceived as bright and brightness values that are perceived as dark, is given by an interval of more than 80 adjacent brightness values for an IR image and by a value interval of a UV image Value interval of more than 20 adjacent brightness values given.

 Thereafter, the three sub-images are combined so that first the edge image is multiplied by the black image on the pixel level, so that preferably all black areas of the black image thus also appear black in the edge image. The result is a black edge image.

Thereafter, the black edge image is added to the white image so that

preferably all white pixels white pixels, so even in the black edge image appear white. The result is the threshold image.

FIG. 3c shows a schematic representation of the superimposition of the security features 10a and 10b of one shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b

 Security elements 1 a with simultaneous irradiation in the IR range and in the UV range.

FIG. 3d shows a security element 1 a under illumination in a second spectral range, in particular the UV range, which is composed of a superposition of a first security feature 10 a and a second security feature 10 b. The UV-fluorescent print 205, in particular consisting of UV-fluorescent ink, is visible only in the areas in which the UV-print 205 is not covered by the metal layer 8a of the partial metallization 206, since the metal layer 8a is responsible for both the exciting radiation in the UV-range as well as for the fluorescence of the pressure 205 is almost opaque, preferably completely opaque, the optical densities of the metal layer 8a of the partial metallization 206 having a value greater than 1.0, preferably greater than 1.3. Advantageously, the background region 7b hardly, or at least significantly weaker, or in a different color than the UV-fluorescent print 205 fluoresces. A further advantageous variant of a security element 1 makes use of the diffraction properties of diffractive and / or stochastic structures, in particular scattering matt structures, for electromagnetic radiation, in particular from the IR and / or VIS range, in a reading device 2, in particular in one or more Detectors of a reading device 2, more preferably in one or more sensors of a reading device 2, to steer, ie to bend or scatter. This causes that with these diffractive or scattering structures

configured areas of a security element 1 a in an IR image recorded in the IR region and / or in a VIS image recorded in the VIS image by the exploitation of the diffraction properties bright, i. more intense, preferably lighter, i. illuminate more intensely than a typical metal surface, with possible variations in production in terms of the impression of the diffractive structures as manufacturing tolerances during the authenticity of the

Security elements 1 are taken into account.

FIG. 4a shows three subareas 70a, 70b and 70c of a security element 10 under illumination with a spectral range, in particular a VIS range, partial sublattices 208 formed in subregions 70a and 70b, in particular in the form of geometric structures, more preferably in the form of alphanumeric characters from curved lines or guilloches, are shown and in the subregion 70c, a picture element 7a containing circular lines, which are formed on the one hand as a color print 207 and the other as a partial metallization 208. The arbitrarily colored color print 207 in the subregion 70c passes without tolerances into the partial metallization 208.

In an advantageous embodiment of the examination method, the authenticity check of the security element 10 shown in FIG. 4a is carried out in one or more spectral ranges, preferably a first spectral range and a second spectral range, more preferably in a VIS range and an IR range due to the inclusion of the security element 10 in the corresponding spectral regions a corresponding to the first spectral range, preferably the VIS range, associated first data set, ie the VIS image, and a corresponding to the second spectral range, preferably the IR range, associated second record, ie that the IR image, by the

Reader 2 is generated. FIG. 4b shows the subareas 70a, 70b, and 70c of the security element 10 under illumination in a second spectral range, preferably the IR range, so that only the submetallizations 202 in the three subareas of the security element 10 and not the color print 207 for the reader 2 are detectable, since the color printing in this example does not absorb or only slightly in the IR range.

In a first step, the IR image may be provided by software, preferably software containing algorithms, with a template, in particular a template data set and / or template image, more preferably a template provided by a database, template image and / or or template data set to be matched in the context of a plausibility check or authentication, wherein various algorithms, preferably template matching, bounding box and A-KAZE, are executed in parallel or in sequence. The subregion 70a can be designed as a diffractive and / or reflexive structure, in particular a Kinegram®, which is under observation, for example, by a test device or

Reader 2 in each of the first, second and third spectral regions the same shape, i. Appearance, or design shows. The position and / or the shape of the partial metallizations 208 of the partial regions 70a, 70b and / or 70c can vary within predefined tolerance ranges.

The partial areas 70a and 70c may differ in that the partial metallization 208 in the partial area 70a is replaced by an optional second

Partial metallization remains unchanged. Advantageously, the first and / or the second partial metallization always lie in a perfect register with respect to the diffractive and / or reflexive structures, preferably one or more Kinegram®, formed in the partial metallizations 208 over the entire area or over part of the area. After a first partial metallization 208 of the security element 10, the partial area 70c can be overprinted with an etching resist, in particular a colored etching resist, more preferably a blue etching resist, wherein the

Tolerance ranges of the position, shape, and / or registration accuracy of the etch resist relative to the sub-metallization 208 during a fastness test may be considered. An etch resist, especially a colored etch resist, more preferably a blue etch resist, is characterized on the one hand by the effect of the ink and on the other hand by the property that the etch resist can serve as an etching mask for a further partial metallization.

In the case of a colored etch resist, in particular a blue etch resist, the VIS image is checked during an authenticity check as to whether the colored, in particular blue, lines of the etch resist are precisely aligned and / or positionally exact and / or register-accurate in the metallic lines of a first partial metallization 208. or second partial metallization, the metallic lines of the first and / or second partial metallizations being visible in the IR image,

or are detectable by a reader 2. Preferably, the colored, especially blue, lines of the etch resist are invisible in the IR image, i. can not be detected by a reading device 2, since the blue dye used in particular in an IR range, in particular in a near IR range, preferably in a near IR range in a wavelength interval of 800 nm to 1000 nm, which for the IR Examination, in particular the authenticity test, is provided, only weak absorbing, preferably non-absorbent acts.

In a further step, an authenticity check is carried out in a third spectral range, in particular the UV range, wherein the color and / or

Register accuracy and / or registration accuracy and / or shape of the UV-fluorescent pressure 207b compared to the detection direction of a

Reader 2 located before the UV-fluorescent print 207b

Partial metallizations and / or colored, especially blue Ätzresist or Atzresistdruck is checked. FIG. 4c shows the partial regions 70a, 70b, and 70c of the security element 10 under illumination with radiation from a third one

Spectral range, in particular radiation from the UV range, so that only the not covered by the Teilmetallisierungen 208 UV-fluorescent print 207b in the picture element 7a by a corresponding reader 2 detectable and in a third data set, in particular a UV image, is convertible. Depending on

Properties of the color print 207, in particular of the blue etching resist, the UV-fluorescent print 207b below the color print is visible or not, respectively, is attenuated by the color print 207. Preferably, it can also be checked within the scope of a plausibility check whether the color of the light emitted by the UV-fluorescent print 207b has a specific color, in particular a yellow color, wherein the UV-fluorescent print 207b

Radiation, in particular electromagnetic radiation, in particular UV radiation, can be excited.

Furthermore, the typical values of the tolerances of features of different objects are selected from position, color, color coverage, reflection, orientation, size, shape, electromagnetic properties, reflection, personalization and

Area coverage of one or more of the configurations of the subarea 70a to one or more of the configurations of the subarea 70c of the

 Security elements 10, each selected from the UV-fluorescent print 207b, the colored, especially blue Ätzresists and / or the

Partial metallizations 208, each ± 0.8 mm, in particular ± 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.2 mm and greater than -0.2 mm. In particular, the tolerances of the colored, preferably blue etching resist and the UV-fluorescent print 207b in the partial area 70c to the partial metallizations 208 of the partial area 70a are in the range of ± 0.8 mm, in particular ± 0.5 mm, preferably smaller than 0.2 mm and greater than -0.2 mm. These tolerances arise due to typical

Fluctuations in printing processes brought into the register and can also be significantly smaller or larger depending on the machinery and control. Preferably, the comparison of the properties of a security feature 10, ie in particular the geometric and / or optical properties with the corresponding properties of a template or reference image as a first plausibility test, in particular for precise localization, ie

Position determination of the security features 10.

Preferably, the authenticity test refers to the non-tolerance transition, i. the registration or registration accuracy between a colored print 207, in particular an etch resist and / or UV-fluorescent print 207b, in particular a UV-fluorescent etch resist and / or an IR-active print, and the areas with partial metallizations 208.

In a further advantageous method, the security feature 10 to be tested is located in the subarea 70c by a reader 2 and thereby segmented by the observation in at least two different spectral regions into at least two subregions which contain the UV-fluorescent print 207b and / or the colored, in particular blue etch resist and the partial metallizations 208. An algorithm, preferably the Accelerated-KAZE (A-KAZE) Feature-Detector-ADescriptor, is executed to detect or determine key points, such as endpoints of printed lines 207, 207b, particularly circular lines, and the metallic lines of sub-metallizations 208. Subsequently, the algorithm or other algorithm compares the coordinates of the key points between the data sets, in particular the VIS image and the IR image, to the registration accuracy in the transition areas of the printed structures 207, 207b and metallic

Structures 208, and lines, respectively, wherein the shapes and / or the slopes of the printed structures 207, 207b and metallic structures 208, in particular in the transition areas, can be checked. This approach is advantageous using intrinsic or intrinsic properties of a security element, since the security feature is highly likely to be checked for its existence can be. The test method is independent of possible application tolerances, ie tolerances when applying security features to a substrate, and distortions, ie distortion of the security feature, since these do not affect the described local properties. Likewise, the test method is not significantly affected by damage, such as smaller missing points and / or kinks with respect to the security feature 10 to be tested.

Possible damage to the security element to be tested in cases in which the security element 1 a, 1 b additionally with a partial overpressure,

in particular by means of a book printing, an offset printing or a

Intagliodrucks, are in any case to be considered during the examination process, as characterized by the properties to be tested

Partial metallization, in particular a diffractive and / or reflective structure, more preferably a Kinegram®, can be significantly affected. The same applies to mechanical modifications of a security element, such as a safety punching or blind embossing. However, they are appropriate

Algorithms, in particular shape recognition algorithms, more preferably feature matching, capable of possible distortions in one or more

take into account comparative images and compensate accordingly. Furthermore, a compensation factor can advantageously be transferred to the algorithms in order to take into account expected image errors which lie within the tolerance ranges, for example fluctuating widths of security elements due to application or age-related security document changes, during the evaluation of the data sets or images by the algorithms. Thus, for example, a compensation of less than 10%, in particular less than 5%, can be expected around dilatations in production or in use

compensate. In principle, it is advantageous if, for each of the one or more security features 10 to be checked, a security element 1 a, 1 b is inserted in advance Acceptance level, which subdivides the results of the authentication of the security document 1 into accepted and unacceptable authenticity results. In a further advantageous method for checking the authenticity of a

 Security document 1 comprising a security element 1 a, as shown in Figures 5a to 5c, wherein the pixel 7a of the security element 1 a with a colored print 209, more preferably an additional UV-fluorescent printing, configured in a perfect register from the viewer direction , in particular the detection direction of a reading device 2, viewed with a

Partial metallization 210 is arranged. In the partial metallization, a diffractive and / or refractive and / or scattering structure may be formed over the entire area or part of the area, which in a first spectral range, in particular a VIS range, incident light at least partially into a camera or a

Sensor 25 of a reading device 2 diffracts, as shown by way of example in FIG. 5 a, and in a second spectral range, in particular an IR range, does not or only to a minor extent diffracts IR radiation into a camera of a reading device 2

shown by way of example in FIG. 5b. A recording, or a data record, recorded by a sensor 25, in particular a camera, preferably a detector of a reading device 2, thus shows a colored subregion 7a containing the colored print 209 of a

Security element 1, which the entire area or part of the area of the partial area 7a containing the partial metallization 210 corresponds. However, in the second spectral range, in particular an IR range, the subarea 7a appears dark in front of a lighter background area 7b of a substrate of a multilayer

Security elements 1 a. More preferably, the color, preferably a red color, of the colored print 209 contains at least one under UV irradiation

fluorescent pigment, preferably in yellow color fluorescent pigment, so that the portion 7a containing the colored print 209 under a third spectral range, preferably a UV range, under fluorescence colored, in particular emits yellow light, or emitted, as shown by way of example in Figure 5c.

An authentication of the security element 1 a is now in the adjustment of the VIS area associated first record, the IR range

associated with the second set of data, the UV record associated third data set and other one or more spectral ranges associated data sets, but at least three spectral ranges associated data sets with respect to the location, the shape and the expected one or more colors, the registration accuracy, the register accuracy and / or the

 Intensitätsmodulationsgenauigkeit among each other by a software, in particular a software containing algorithms, wherein during a plausibility check a comparison between the first, second and third records with a template, in particular a template record, more preferably a template record contained in a database, takes place and during one

 Authenticity testing the intrinsic or intrinsic properties of the

Security elements 1 a to be checked. Preferably, it is not the exact one

Comparison of the data sets with a target image, i. A template during the authenticity check in the foreground, but the proof of intrinsic

Properties, so that, for example, deviations, for example due to manufacturing tolerances, for the authenticity test play no decisive role.

Thus, for example, a colored picture element 7a of a security document 1a in the form of an alphanumeric character, in particular of the letter "K", may be embodied in FIG. 5a, the picture element 7a being colored

Pressure 209, more preferably a UV-fluorescent printing, is provided, which register exactly with a partial metallization 210, in particular with a metallic reflection layer, viewed from observer direction, or from the direction of a sensor of a reading device 2, is deposited. Next can in the

Image element 7a partial or full surface diffractive and / or macroscopic and / or scattering structures 210 to be molded, which on the Security element 1 a diffract and / or scatter incident light, these diffractive and / or macroscopic structures 210 in a preferred

Execution as structures selected from one or more on or

two-dimensional grid structures with sinusoidal, rectangular and / or asymmetric reliefs and / or matt structures can be designed.

Advantageously, the security element 1 a contains one or more

Replicating layers containing one or more full or partial area

shaped surface reliefs as optically variable elements, in particular at least one selection from a hologram, Kinegram® and / or Trustseal®, a preferably sinusoidal diffraction grating, an asymmetrical relief structure, a blazed grating, a preferably isotropic or anisotropic matt structure or a light-diffractive and / or refractive and / or light-focusing microstructure or nanostructure, a binary or continuous Fresnel lens, a

Microprism structure, a microlens structure or a combination structure.

In a further advantageous embodiment, at least partially, a matt structure, viewed from the direction of a detector of a reading device 2, is formed behind a color print 209, in particular a partially transparent print, more preferably a UV-fluorescent print, of a security element 1 a Matt structure scattered light such that a large part of the scattered light during a test of the security element 1 a falls into a sensor of a reader 2. In this case, the color, in particular red color, of the color print 209 acts as a filter, in particular a spectral filter, of the incident light, so that the scattered light appears to a viewer and / or a reading device 2 in red coloration and due to the shape of the picture element 7a in the form of a correspondingly colored alphanumeric character, in particular the shape of the letter "K"., Furthermore, in the picture element 7a, different diffractive optical structures in line form, surface form or in the form of alphanumeric characters can be lines and / or texts in relation to those in FIG

Part 7a configured pressure 209 with a tolerance of ± 0.5 mm, in particular of ± 0.2 mm, preferably of less than 0.2 mm and more than -0.2 mm, in the horizontal and vertical directions, as shown by way of example in FIG. 5a, which preferably has a number of lines greater than

2000 lines per mm may have, so that no more light can be diffracted into a camera of a reader 2 and the corresponding areas, or partial areas appear dark. In FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c, the substrate is not shown with any further pressure 209.

FIG. 5b shows the partial region 7a under illumination by radiation in the IR range, wherein the partial metallization 210, i. the metallic region appears dark against the portions of a brighter substrate in a background region 7b. Depending on the design of the matt structure and arrangement of the lighting in the tester, the matt area can also light up. When a fluorescent dye is added to the color of the print 209, the pixel 7a may light up brightly in a predetermined color, particularly a yellow color, upon irradiation in a UV region.

In an advantageous test method, the at least three recordings, i. Images or data records from preferably the VIS area, the IR area and the UV area by means of a software, in particular a software containing algorithms, related to each other, wherein an authenticity check for each individual image, i. for each individual record. Particularly advantageous is a test that uses the characteristic inherent in the relationship between these different records for authentication.

In a further advantageous method, the transmission properties and / or the reflection properties of a first region 3, preferably a window element, more preferably a window feature, a

Security document 1 in one or more spectral regions detected by the reader 2 from both the front 6a and 6b of the back, and to one or more, the corresponding spectral ranges associated Generates data records, which each have a first information regarding the

Front 6a one or more detectable on the front 6a

Security elements 10 and a second information with respect to the back 6 b one or more on the back 6 b detectable security elements 10 included, wherein an authenticity check of the security document 1 based on the analysis of the records by software, in particular a software containing

Algorithms, takes place and / or a comparison of the analysis results, in particular threshold value images, with a template, in particular with a Schwellwertbild- template, more preferably located in a database

Threshold image template. In addition, the colors and / or diffractive optical structures configured on the entire surface or partial area on the rear side 6b of the security document 1 to be examined may advantageously differ in terms of authenticity checking from the full-surface or partial area on the front side 6a of the security document 1, and only on one side ie be present on the front 6a or the back 6b, and be used as a further inspection feature, wherein the arrangement of the colors and / or structures of the front 6a register accurately, in particular within a pass tolerance of ± 0.5 mm, in particular ± 0.2 mm, preferably less than 0.2 mm and more than -0.2 mm, to the arrangement of the colors and / or structures of the back 6b can behave. Further, one or more properties selected from location, color, color coverage, reflectance, orientation, size, shape, electromagnetic properties, reflection, personalization, and area coverage of the colored and / or textured areas over the

Provision of a record can be recognized by software and associated with a reference record, i. a template to be checked for authenticity. Particularly advantageous are features which have a precise registration. For example, a partially metallized security feature may be metallic from the front while adding the same metallic areas

View from the back exactly in the register, ie without tolerances, with color deposited. In a further advantageous method, one or more are themselves

superimposed first areas, which partially or completely comprise one or more security features 10 of one or more security elements 1 a of a security document 1, by a reading device 2 in one or more spectral regions, in particular selected from a VIS range, an IR range and a UV Area, read and associated with the spectral regions corresponding to one or more data sets 5, wherein a software, in particular a software comprising one or more algorithms, in particular template

Matching, bounding box or A-KAZE, the security document 1 on the

Evaluating the data records to a type or model, preferably to a type or model contained in a database, the database having one or more properties selected from type,

Configuration, position, register accuracy, register position, color, ink coverage,

Reflection, orientation, size, shape, electromagnetic properties, reflection, personalization, and area coverage of the color prints 209 and / or

 Provides partial metallizations 210 of the security features 10. In this case, the partial metallizations can be designed in particular as part of a Kinegram®.

Furthermore, the assignment criteria can be checked during the authentication of the

Security document 1 advantageously made of the type, the model and / or the manufacturer of the reader 2, or tester, dependent on design-related variances of the lighting and / or the

Sensor conditions and / or sensor settings, respectively

Camera conditions and / or sensor conditions, in the analysis and comparison of the records with reference data sets, in particular templates, more preferably stored in a database templates to be considered. Furthermore, there is the further advantage that manufacturing tolerances, which during the production of the partial metallizations 210 and / or distortions in the application of the

Partial metallizations 210 and / or when embedding the partial metallizations 210 in a security document 1, a plastic document, in particular a

Polycarbonate document, occur during the authentication of the

Security document 1 are taken into account. In a further advantageous embodiment, a first assignment of the

Security Dokunte 1 due to the information contained in the security document 1 itself, such as in a machine-readable zone, a bar code or an electronic component, such as a chip. Based on this information, further analysis and comparison with the database are made.

In a further advantageous examination method for checking the authenticity, a security document 1 is tested whose regions having relief structures are provided with an HRI layer, which from the perspective of an observer is arranged behind or in front of the structured areas, the HRI layer additionally being provided with a color layer can. Further, a color design included in the ink layer may have a registration accuracy of ± 0.5 mm, more preferably ± 0.2 mm, preferably less than 0.2 mm and more than -0.2 mm, to a region having a matte structure , which is molded in the structured areas, be printed, with the HRI layer in the interstices, ie in the areas where neither the color design nor the matte structure is present, is not present. If the reflection layer is not formed in particular, the matt structure, which is shaped in particular as a relief structure, for example in a replication layer, may still be present, but due to the lack of

Reflection layer imperceptible or optically detectable. Furthermore, the color of the color design may be observable only in a VIS range and / or be detectable only in an IR range, as well as the color of the color design partially or completely with UV-fluorescent pigments

be configured, so that the position of the subregions which fluoresce in a UV region is arranged in a perfect register to the partial regions visible in a VIS region and to the matt structures detectable in an IR region and / or VIS region. FIG. 6a shows a radial design element, respectively

Security element 1 a under illumination in a VIS region, which has a matt structure in a central region 70 e, wherein the matt structure scatters incident light both under illumination in a VIS region and under illumination in an IR region into a camera of a reader 2 , The scattering effects of the matt structure can be observed only in the areas 70e of the design element designed with the HRI layer, so that a clearly recognizable or camera-evaluable contrast change at the transitions to the matt structure can be detected in comparison to an observation in a VIS area.

FIG. 6b shows the radiating design element under illumination in an IR range, wherein the color of the color design is chosen to be below

6b, only the subregions 70e of the design element which are designed with a matt structure and an HRI layer are shown, wherein the subregions of the design element register exactly with the central regions 70e in FIG. 6a must match.

Advantageously, the color coat, or the color of the

Design element UV-fluorescent pigments are admixed, so that illuminated under illumination from a UV range, the entire area 70f of the design element, as shown in Figure 6c.

Thus, different portions of the design element are in under three

various illuminations can be observed, which must be arranged register-accurate and / or register-accurate to each other, these properties can be checked by means of software as part of an authenticity check of the security document 1. Possible printing tolerances of the color printing of the

Design element to the central region of the design element containing the matte structure are not relevant to the examination of the intrinsic or intrinsic or self-referencing described above

Properties. FIG. 6 d shows a security document 1, in particular the data page of a passport, comprising a security element 1 a, in particular a radial design element 600, which is located in a partial area of the front side 6 a of FIG

Security document 1 is formed, wherein the at least the surrounding area 7b with respect to the security element 1 a is not provided with an HRI layer.

Another advantageous example is shown in FIG. 7a. In this case, a transparent layer containing a KINEGRAM® TKO (TKO = Transparent KINEGRAM overlay) for protection, in particular for counterfeit protection, a front side 6a of a

Security document 1 is used, wherein the front side 6a contains data readable by a reader 2, which for authentication and / or

Plausibility check of the security document 1 can be used. The reflective layer used is an HRI layer. In one

Structure background region 700a of the front side 6a is formed over the entire surface or part of a grid structure with a number of lines of preferably more than 2000 lines per mm, whereby when illuminated in a first spectral range, in particular a VIS range and a second spectral range, in particular an IR range, no light from diffraction orders into a sensor, ie Camera, a reader 2 is reflected. The lattice structure is further underlaid by an HRI layer viewed from the front side 6a, so that the lattice structure together with the HRI layer has a filtering effect, since the lattice structure influences how much light can transmit wavelength-dependent through the HRI layer, which is subsequently transmitted by the HRI layer Front 6a of the security document 1 can be reflected or backscattered.

More preferably, in the structure background area 700a is a partial area, preferably in the form of one or more alphanumeric characters shaped partial metallization, here as object 9b in the form of three letters "UTO", which is aligned with one or more edges of

Structure background area 700a lies. The TKO can due to Application variations in the position of the substrate in the position by up to ± 2 mm, in particular by up to ± 0.8 mm, preferably by up to ± 0.2 mm, fluctuate.

Particularly preferably, the security document 1 can be examined in regions by the reading device 2, wherein in particular a predetermined and / or a preselection determined by the reading device 2 of the areas to be examined takes place.

More preferably, the areas to be tested can also be selected from a data set, in particular from an algorithm. Next under illumination, in particular under illumination from an IR range, the security document 1 is a contrast difference between the

Background area of the TKO 700b containing one or more further structures or mirror areas, the formation of the contrast difference over the area of the security document 1 with a template, in particular a template data set, more preferably a template data set stored in a database, is compared to determine the authenticity of the security document 1.

In a further advantageous method, the position of the

Teilmetallsierungen in the region of the object 9b, in particular the shape of a sequence of three letters carrying, by the illumination in an IR range, as shown in Figure 7c, determined and as a further test step in a

Authenticity test, with the partial metallizations as

intrinsic or inherent properties of the security document 1 in a perfect register to the edge of one or more other security elements 1 a, design elements and / or the security document 1 is located.

Advantageously, in a further spectral range, preferably a VIS range, a color contrast and / or brightness contrast between the diffractive region of the grating structure in the structure background region 700a of the TKO and the remaining background region 700b of the TKO, which by a in Figure 7a shown contrast edge 700 are separated, wherein the contrast difference results due to the filter effects of the respective diffractive structures, as these specific wavelength ranges, or frequency ranges, the one or more spectral regions of the incident light different

backscatter and / or reflect and / or transmit.

More preferably, the security document may comprise a print, in particular UV-fluorescent print, in the texture background region 700a and / or the remaining background region 700b, which is printed on a film layer and / or substrate in a security document 1.

FIG. 7a shows the security document 1 under illumination from a VIS region, FIG. 7b shows the security document 1 under illumination from a UV region, and FIG. 7c shows the security document 1 under illumination from an IR region.

The UV pressure detected in a UV region in the region of the object 9b, which in the figure 7b takes the form of a sequence of three letters "UTO", is with a tolerance of ± 0.5 mm, in particular ± 0.2 mm, preferably of less than 0.2 mm and more than -0.2 mm, register exactly to the detected in an IR region partial metallization in the region of the object 9b, which in the figure 7c also takes the form of a sequence of three letters "UTO "and the outer contours of a RICS structure surface. In particular, a rotation induced color shift (RICS) structure comprises a zeroth-order diffractive structure deposited by an HRI layer, in particular a zeroth-order diffraction grating having a period below the wavelength of visible light, in particular half the wavelength of visible light. The RICS structure reflects specific wavelength ranges, in particular in the mirror reflex, which depend on the orientation of the RICS structure. Under illumination in the IR range, a contrast to a structure without RICS effect can in particular be recognized in a RICS structure, preferably as a function of the viewing angle. Next, the under Illumination from an IR region of at least two detectable image elements with the under illumination from a VIS region at least two detectable objects 9a, 9b with the position and / or shape of the

Structural background area 700a and / or the remaining background area 700b are compared and as a further examination step in the context of a

Authentication of the security document 1 are applied.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the security element 1 a and the examination method, the security element 1a is configured and checked by the following steps in the form of a QR code:

In a first step, a diffractive and / or reflective relief structure, preferably a Kinegram®, and / or a zero order diffraction structure and / or a Kinegram® zero.zero is realized as a first security feature 10 with a partial metal layer 8a. In FIG. 8a, the partial metallization 214 or the Kinegram® is shown by way of example as a closed rosette pattern, wherein the material of the metal layer 8a is provided in particular in the areas of the picture elements 7a of the first security feature 10a and is not provided in a background area 7b surrounding the picture elements 7a.

In a second step, a print 213 consisting of a UV-fluorescent color, which is not visible in the visible range or VIS range, is printed on the first security element shown in FIG. 8a, wherein the print 213 acts as a second security feature 10b in the form of a second security feature QR codes in the areas of the picture elements 7a is formed as complete first information and the hatched areas of the picture elements 7a preferably represent the UV-fluorescent print 213, wherein the material of the color layer 8b is provided in particular in the areas of the picture elements 7a of the first security feature 10a and in one surrounding the picture elements 7a

Background area 7b is not provided. In a third step, the pressure 213 serves in particular as an etching resist mask for a further partial metallization 214b on the basis of the partial metallization 214 already carried out in the first step, so that areas of the partial metallization 214 which were not overprinted by the pressure 213 are demetallised. FIG. 8c shows the IR image of the partial metallization 214b remaining after demetallization by illumination with IR radiation, in particular from the first one

Spectral range, more preferably from the IR range, wherein a first data set contains at least the IR image as a partial image of the QR code, which no longer comprises the complete first information but a first part of two parts of the complete first information of the second security feature 10b ,

FIG. 8d shows the UV image of the regions of the UV-fluorescent print 213 by irradiation by UV radiation, in particular from a second spectral region, more preferably from the UV region, which covers the regions of the pressure 213 not covered by the partial metallization 214b is generated, wherein a second data set contains at least the UV image as a partial image of the QR code, which no longer the complete second information but a second part of two parts of the complete first information of the second

Security feature 10b includes.

The total image generated by software containing algorithms in the form of the complete QR code is shown in FIG. 8e and is a data set consisting of the combination of the first part and the second part of two parts of the complete first information of the first data set and the second one

Record.

In a further advantageous embodiment, a first security feature 10a and a second security feature 10b are deliberately not arranged register-accurate, preferably even arranged in spaced sections of the security document 1, and the corresponding records are by software, in particular, a software containing algorithms, assembled into an overall image.

A stand-alone recording of the QR code in a first spectral range, in particular the IR range, a second spectral range, in particular the UV range, a third spectral range, in particular the VIS range, or a fourth spectral range by a reader 2, in particular a

Document Checker contains only part of the full first

Information included in the second security feature 10b as the complete QR code, so that it is not possible to complete the first one

 Get information from the QR code. However, the combination of the first data set generated in a first spectral range, in particular the IR range, and the second data set generated in a second spectral range, in particular the UV range, makes it possible to use software

Algorithms a reconstruction of the complete first information, which is included in the second security feature 10b as the QR code.

Preferably, in the image processing, the UV image is filtered, whereby only the matching yellow pixels or pixels, in particular pixel data, are taken into account and in a UV binary image generated from the UV image by a software containing algorithms, preferably image recognition algorithms and pattern recognition algorithms being represented. Further preferably, the IR image taken under IR illumination is filtered during image processing, whereby the dark appearing metallic regions of the partial metallization 214b are taken into account and displayed in black in an IR binary image generated by the software from the IR image. The register-accurate superposition of the UV binary image and the IR binary image reveals the complete QR code as another binary image, so that the complete first information can be read from the QR code. As a further test step with respect to the authenticity of the security element 1 a, the registration of the UV binary image and the IR binary image can be checked, as in the range of the QR code, which is composed of the UV binary image and the IR binary image, a nearly tolerance less Transition, preferably a zero-tolerance transition exists.

An advantageous embodiment of the security element 1 a is shown in FIG. 9 and consists of one or more arbitrarily shaped flat surfaces

Subareas 70 of the partial metallization 216, preferably by a laser, in particular a laser diode, an individual marking, preferably consisting of alphanumeric characters, as further personalization and / or individual labeling bring. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a color print 215 served as a colored etching resist to produce the partially metallized regions 216. If the metal layer is now removed by the laser, the underlying color layer comes to light again. During the reading in a reading device 2, the color print 215, more preferably a UV-fluorescent UV print, is present in the partial regions 70 in a first spectral range, preferably the IR range, and / or a second spectral range, more preferably the UV range , and / or a third spectral range, more preferably the VIS range, detectable.

A further advantageous embodiment of the method consists of the security element 10 detected by the reader 2 in a first spectral range, preferably the IR range, and / or in a second spectral range, more preferably the UV range, and the respectively detected IR Image in the form of a data set, in particular of the first data set and / or from the UV image in the form of a data set, in particular of the second data set, by software containing algorithms, in particular containing a template matching algorithm, generated threshold image with a template, preferably a template contained in a database, compare and verify the authenticity. Next, the first record and the second record, which preferably the shape of the partial metallization 216 respectively in a first

Imaging spectral range and a second spectral range, directly with a corresponding template, preferably a template contained in a

Database, to test the authenticity of a detected security element 10 are compared.

Furthermore, the areal portions 70 of the partial metallization 216 of a

Security element 10 by laser as a readable code, preferably

machine-readable code, be formed and used by comparing with a stored code, in particular with a stored in a database code, more preferably with a guide for such a code, for checking the authenticity of the security element 10.

Furthermore, in a further advantageous method, the color print 215 exposed in the partial regions 70 of the partial metallization 216 of a security element 10, in particular UV printing, more preferably UV-fluorescent UV printing, can be provided with a color pattern, the color pattern being in a perfect Register, in particular a register, must lie with the edges of the subregions 70 and wherein the color pattern for the authenticity of the

Security elements 10 with a stored color pattern, in particular with a color pattern imaging data set, more preferably with a color pattern mapping record contained in a database, is compared.

In a further advantageous method, the individual markings formed in the partial regions 70 of the partial metallization 216 of a security element 10, preferably by a laser, in particular a laser diode, preferably consisting of alphanumeric characters, are detected by the reader 2 in one or more spectral ranges and the so generated the

Spectral ranges associated data sets by self-learning algorithms, in particular supervised or unattended self-learning algorithms, more preferably supervised or unattended self-learning Image recognition algorithms and / or pattern recognition algorithms, analyzed and authenticated.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

I security document

1 a, 1 b security element

10 security feature

 10a first security feature

 10b second security feature

 I I Document body

12 decorative layer

13 adhesive layer

 14 protective layer

 15 security feature of the

 security document

 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 step

2 reader

 21 sensor device

 22 analysis device

 23 output device

 24 radiation sources

25 sensors

 26 database

 200 distance between centers

201, 203, 205, 207, 207b, 209, 213, 215 pressure

 201 a, 203a Bounding box of a print

201 b, 203b Center of a bounding box of a

 pressure

 202, 204, 206, 208, 210, 214, 214b, 216 partial metallization

 202a, 204a Bounding box of a partial metallization

202b, 204b Center of the bounding box of a

 partial metallisation

3 first area 6a front side

6b back side

 600 design element

 7a picture element

 7b background area

 70 subarea

 70a, 70d first section

 70b, 70e second subarea

 70c, 70f third section

 700 contrast edge

 700a structure background area

700b remaining background area

8a metal layer

 8b color layer

 9a first object

 9b second object

Claims

OVD Kinegram AG,  Counter Lane 12, CH 6301 Zug / Switzerland KURZ Digital Solutions GmbH & Co. KG Schwabacher Str.106, D-90763 Fuerth Claims: Method for verifying a security document (1) by means of a  Reader (2),  characterized ,  that first transmission and / or reflection properties of a first  Area (3) of the security document (1) in a first spectral range of the reader (2) are detected and from these a properties specifying first record is created, wherein the first area (3) on the security document (1) arranged or in the Security document (1) embedded optical security element (1a, 1b) at least partially overlapping,  that second transmission and / or reflection properties of the first  Area (3) of the security document (1) in a second spectral range of the reader (2) are detected and from these a properties specifying second record is created, the first spectral range is different from the second spectral range, in that the authenticity of the security document (1) and / or of the security element (1a, 1b) is checked based on at least the first data record and the second data record. 2. The method according to claim 1,  characterized ,  that information about the authenticity, in particular an assessment of the authenticity of the security element (1a, 1b) or the  Security document (1) from the reader (2) is output. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,  characterized ,  third and / or fourth transmission and / or reflection properties of the first area (3) of the security document (1) are detected by the reading device (2) in a third spectral range or in a fourth spectral range, and from this a third data set or a fourth specifying these properties Data set is created, wherein the third spectral range or the fourth spectral range is different from the first spectral range and second spectral range, in particular based at least on the first, the second, the third record and / or the fourth record, the authenticity of the security document (1) and / or the security element (1a, 1b) is checked. 4. Method according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  that the first, second, third and / or fourth transmission and / or reflection properties of the first area (3) of the security document (1) in the first, second, third and / or fourth spectral range from the front side of the reader (2) (6a) are detected in incident light, from the rear side (6b) in reflected light and / or transmitted light, and from this the latter  Characteristics specifying first, second, third or fourth Data set is created, wherein preferably at least one of the first recorded data sets contains data on the reflection properties in reflected light from the front and / or back, data on the reflection properties in reflected light from the front and / or back and transmitted light, and based on these Data of this record the authenticity of the security document (1) and / or security element (1a, 1b) is checked. 5. Method according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  the first, second, third and / or fourth spectral range is selected from the group: IR range of the electromagnetic radiation, in particular from a wavelength range from 850 nm to 950 nm, VIS range of the  electromagnetic radiation, in particular from a wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm, and UV range of the electromagnetic radiation, in particular from a wavelength range of 1 nm to 400 nm, preferably from a wavelength range of 240 nm to 380 nm, particularly preferably from a wavelength range of 300 nm to 380 nm. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  that the security element (1 a, 1 b) of the security document (1) has one or more security features (10), in particular in the first area (3), and / or that the security document (1) in the first area (3) one or more Security features (10), wherein the security features (10) preferably at least partially overlap. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  the following steps are carried out to verify the authenticity of the security document (1): Determining one or more relative values, in particular the relative positional arrangement, in particular the spacing, the relative size, the relative shaping, in particular the registration of the orientation and shaping of picture elements (7a), the relative coverage and / or the relative orientation of two or more Security features (10) of Security elements (1 a, 1 b) and / or the security document (1) to one another by means of the comparison of at least the first data record and the second data record,  Comparing the determined one or more relative values of the two or more security features (10) with associated reference values and denying the authenticity if the deviation is outside of an associated tolerance range. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  that the verification of the authenticity of the security document (1)  Steps to be performed:  Determining the positional arrangement and / or shaping of a first  Security feature (10a) of the security element (1 a, 1 b) by means of the first data record,  Determination of the positional arrangement and / or shaping of a second  Security feature (10b) of the security element (1 a, 1 b) and / or the security document by means of the second data set,  optionally determination of the positional arrangement and / or shaping of a third security feature (10c) and / or fourth security feature (10d) of the security element (1a, 1b) and / or of the security document by means of the third data set or fourth data record,  Comparison of the determined positional arrangements and / or shaping with each other for determining the relative positional arrangement, in particular spacing, the relative size and / or the relative shape, in particular the  Passerhaltigkeit the orientation and shaping, and / or the coverage of two or more security features (10) of the security element (1 a, 1 b) to each other or of picture elements (7 a) of two or more of Security features. 9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8,  characterized ,  at least one of the security features (10) has one or more  Picture elements (7a) and one surrounding the picture elements (7a)  Background area (7b), wherein the contrast between pixels (7a) and background area (7b) in at least one of the first, second, third and / or fourth spectral regions in incident light and / or transmitted light is greater than 5%, preferably greater than 8% and more preferably greater than 10%, and / or Difference in a reflectance and / or a transmittance greater than 5%, in particular greater than 10%, is, in particular between 15% and 100%, preferably between 25% and 100%. 10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9,  characterized ,  at least one of the security features (10) has one or more  Picture elements (7a) and one surrounding the picture elements (7a)  Background area (7b), wherein the contrast between the  Pixels (7a) and the background area (7b) in at least one of the first, second, third and / or fourth spectral regions in incident light and / or transmitted light is less than 95%, preferably less than 92% and more preferably less than 90%. 11.A method according to any one of claims 6 to 10,  characterized ,  that at least one of the security features (10) of a partially  formed metal layer (8a), preferably a metallic reflection layer is formed, which is clearly visible in particular under IR illumination. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized , the metal layer (8a) consists of Al, Cu, Cr, Ag, Au or an alloy thereof. 13. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 12,  characterized ,  in that at least one of the security features (10) is formed by a color layer (8b). 14. The method according to claim 13,  characterized ,  the color layer (8b) is formed substantially transparent in the first spectral range. 15. The method according to any one of claims 13 or 14,  characterized ,  the color layer (8b) in the second spectral range and / or in a partial region of the second spectral range has a transmittance of not more than 50%, in particular not more than 25%. 16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15,  characterized ,  that the color layer (8b) is formed luminescent or appears. 17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16,  characterized , the color layer (8b) is excited by radiation of the second spectral range and / or third spectral range, in particular in UV illumination and / or VIS illumination. 18. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17,  characterized ,  in that at least one of the security features (10) is formed by a relief structure and a reflection layer, wherein the relief structure, in particular in at least one of the spectral regions, deflects the incident radiation in a predefined manner. 19. The method according to claim 18,  characterized ,  that the reflection layer is transparent or appears in at least one of the spectral regions and in particular is formed by a reflection layer, preferably an HRI layer, wherein the reflection layer preferably has a transmittance of more than 50%, in particular more than 70%, and / or a Reflectance of less than 50%, in particular less than 30%, has. 20. The method according to any one of claims 18 or 19,  characterized ,  that the relief structure of a relief structure with optically variable  Properties is formed and / or one or more of the following  Relief structures includes: diffraction grating, asymmetric diffraction structure, isotropic matte structure, anisotropic matte structure, blazed grating, zero order diffraction structure, refractive or focussing structures, especially microprisms, microlenses. 21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20,  characterized ,  that the relief structure of a diffraction structure, in particular a In the first, second, third and / or fourth spectral regions, the zero-order diffraction structure diffracts the incident light into one or more other of the first, second and third ones and / or fourth spectral regions, however, do not diffract or substantially prevent the incident light. 22. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 21,  characterized ,  in that, in order to determine the relative shape of the first security feature (10a) and second security feature (10b), the shape of one or more picture elements (7a) of the first security feature (10a) and one or more picture elements of the second security feature (10b) is checked to determine whether the picture elements (7a) are arranged in registration with respect to one another, in particular whether picture elements (7a) formed in the form of lines pass into one another with exact positional accuracy and / or coincide with respect to their pitch. 23. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  in that the first, second, third and / or fourth data record images the first area by a multiplicity of pixel data which preferably associates pixels of the first area (3) with at least one brightness value. 24. The method according to claim 23,  characterized ,  the brightness value is selected from a predetermined value range, which comprises in particular 256 values, preferably 512 values, particularly preferably 1024 values. 25. The method according to any one of claims 23 or 24,  characterized , in that the first, second, third and / or fourth data record assign a brightness value per color channel to the pixels of the first area (3). 26. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  the first, second, third and / or fourth data set is subjected to image processing, which comprises in particular one or more of the following steps:  Image filtering, in particular by means of low-pass filter and / or bilateral filter, template matching, thresholding, bounding box and A-KAZE detection, in particular A-KAZE feature detector and feature descriptor determination. 27. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  that in each case a threshold value image is calculated from the first, second, third and / or fourth data record. 28. The method according to claim 27,  characterized ,  the following steps are carried out for calculating the threshold value image from the assigned first, second, third and / or fourth data record:  Calculation of an edge image from the assigned data record,  Calculation of a black image from the assigned data record,  Calculation of a white image from the assigned data set,  Calculation of the threshold image by combining the edge image, the black image and the white image. 29. The method according to claim 28,  characterized , that the edge image is determined from the associated data set by calculating an adaptive, binary image. 30. The method according to any one of claims 28 or 29,  characterized ,  in that, for the calculation of the edge image, a filter, in particular a bilateral filter, having a large filter kernel, preferably a filter kernel of more than 71 pixels, is applied to the associated data set, the filter performing a contrasting of the edges. 31.A method according to any one of claims 28 to 30,  characterized ,  that the black image is determined from the associated data set by calculating a constant binary image. 32. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 31,  characterized ,  that the following steps are carried out to determine the black image: Comparing the brightness values of the pixel data of the associated data set with a first threshold value, whereby the binary value 0 is assigned to all pixels which lie below the first threshold value, in particular, these are thus set to black. 33. The method according to claim 32,  characterized ,  in the UV region as the assigned spectral range, the first threshold value is less than 20% of the value range, in particular the first threshold value is less than 40 with a value range from 0 to 255. 34. The method according to claim 32 or 33,  characterized , in the case of the IR range as assigned spectral range, the first threshold value is smaller than 25% of the value range, in particular the first threshold value is smaller than 60 with a value range from 0 to 255. 35. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 34,  characterized ,  that the white image is determined from the associated data set by calculating a constant binary image. 36. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 35,  characterized ,  the following steps are carried out to determine the white image:  Comparison of the brightness values of the pixel data of the associated data set with a second threshold value, wherein all pixels which are above the second threshold value, the binary value 1 is assigned, in particular these are set to white. 37. The method according to claim 36,  characterized ,  in the UV region as assigned spectral range, the second threshold value is greater than 5% of the value range, in particular the second threshold value is greater than 20 with a value range from 0 to 255. 38. The method according to claim 36 or 37,  characterized ,  in the IR range as the assigned spectral range, the second threshold value is greater than 30% of the value range, in particular the second threshold value is greater than 80 for a value range from 0 to 255. 39. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 38,  characterized , that the first and second thresholds differ from each other. 40. The method according to any one of claims 28 to 39,  characterized ,  that the first and / or second threshold depending on the detected  Document type set by the detected illumination and / or the associated spectral range. 41.Method according to one of claims 28 to 40,  characterized ,  the following steps are carried out for combining the edge image, the black image and the white image:  Multiplication of the edge image with the black image,  Addition of the white picture to the picture resulting from the multiplication. 42. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 41,  characterized ,  in that at least one of the security features (10), in particular the first security feature (10a), comprises a first object (9a) consisting of one or more picture elements (7a), the metal of a metal layer (8a) being provided in the area of the picture elements (7a) and in a background area (7b) surrounding the picture elements (7a) the metal of the metal layer (8a) of the security feature (10) is not provided. 43. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 42,  characterized ,  that at least one of the security features (10), in particular the second Security feature (10b) or another security feature, consisting of one or more picture elements (7a) second object (9b), wherein in the region of the picture elements (7a) provided dyes and / or pigments of a color layer (8b) of the security feature and in a the image elements (7a) surrounding background area (7b) these dyes and / or pigments of the color layer (8b) are not provided or are provided in a lower concentration. 44. Method according to claims 42 and 43,  characterized ,  from the first data record, the first object (9a) of the first  Security feature (10 a) is detected and a reference point, in particular the center of the first object (9 a) is calculated,  that from the second record the second object (9b) of the second  Security feature (10 b) is detected and a reference point, in particular the center, of the second object (9 b) is calculated,  in that the comparison of the spacing of the calculated reference points, in particular the midpoints, of the first object (9a) and the second object (9b) with a reference value results in checking the authenticity of the security document (1) and / or security element (1a, 1b) , 45. The method according to claim 44,  characterized ,  in that a rectangular frame is preferably calculated for the calculation of the reference point, in particular of the center, of the first and / or second object (9b), which preferably adjoins the geometric shapes of the first object (9a) and / or second object (9b) the reference point, in particular the center, of the rectangular frame is evaluated as the reference point, in particular as the center, of the first object (9a) or second object (9b). 46. The method according to claim 45,  characterized , that the rectangular frame is calculated around the largest detected object. 47. The method according to any one of claims 44 or 45,  characterized ,  in that in each case a first or second threshold image is calculated for the calculation of the reference point, in particular of the center, of the first object (9a) and / or second object (9b) from the first and second data record,  in each case a rectangular frame is calculated or generated, wherein the frame is around all pixels of the first threshold image or second threshold image with the binary value 1 or all  Pixels of the first threshold image or second  Threshold image is located with the binary value 0 and wherein the reference point, in particular the center of the frame as the reference point, in particular as the center of the first object (9a) or second object (9b) is evaluated. 48. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 47,  characterized ,  that a first of the security features (10a) and a second of the  Security features (10b) at least partially overlap, wherein the first security feature (10a) when viewed from a front side (6a) of the  Security elements (1a, 1b) above the second security feature (10b) is arranged, wherein the first and second security feature (10a, 10b) each have one or more pixels (7a) and a background area (7b) and the picture elements (7a) of the first Security feature (10a) are opaque or largely opaque in the second spectral range, in particular of a metal layer (8a), and  that the first data record and the second data record are preferably compared to whether picture elements (7a) of the second security feature (10b) in the second data record only in the region of the background area (7b) of the first Security Feature (10a) are mapped. 49. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 48,  characterized ,  that a first of the security features (10a) and a second of the  Security features (10b) each having one or more picture elements (7a) and a background area (7b), wherein the picture elements (7a) of the second security feature (10b) in the first spectral range transparent or  are substantially transparent, but in the second spectral range have a contrast to the background area (7b) of the second security feature (10b), preferably a contrast of more than 5%, in particular more than 8%, preferably more than 10%, than the background area (7b ) of the second security element (1 b),  wherein preferably the first and second security features (10a, 10b) overlap at least regionally and the second security feature (10b) is arranged above the first security element (10a) when viewed from a front side (6a) of the security document (1). 50. The method according to claim 6 to 49,  characterized ,  in that the position and shape of one or more of the picture elements (7a) of the second security feature (10b) is determined from the second data set, in particular by calculating a second threshold picture that the position and shape of one or more of the picture elements ( 7a) of the first security feature (10a) is determined,  in particular by calculating a first threshold image that  Key points, such as endpoints of the picture elements (7a) of the first  Security feature (10a) and the second security feature (10b) are determined and based on the Passerhaltigkeit the positioning,  Shape and / or orientation of the picture elements (7a) of the first and second security element (1 a, 1 b) is checked to each other, in particular whether  Picture elements (7a) of the first security feature (10a) and of the second Security feature (10b) according to assigned reference values register accurate are positioned to each other and / or merge into each other and / or agree with respect to their slope. 51.Method according to one of claims 6 to 50,  characterized ,  in that the first security feature (10a) comprises a partial metal layer (8a) and a diffractive structure and in that the second security feature (10b) comprises a partial color layer (8b), wherein one or more picture elements (7a) of the first security feature (10a) and the material of the metal layer (8a) or the color layer (8b) is provided in the second security feature (10b) and is not provided in a surrounding background region (7b), wherein the picture elements (7a) of the metal layer (8a) and the color layer (8b ) are formed congruent to each other, wherein the diffractive structures are designed so that they radiation of the second  Spectral range, in particular of the VIS range, in a sensor (25) of the reader (2) bend, but not radiation of the first spectral range, in particular the IR range, in the sensor (25) of the reader (2) bend 52. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 51,  characterized , in that the first security feature (10a) comprises a partial metal layer (8a) and the second security feature (10b) comprises a partial color layer (8b), wherein one or more picture elements (7a) of the first security feature (10a) and the second security feature (10b ) the material of the metal layer (8a) or the color layer (8b) is provided and in a surrounding background region (7b) is not provided, wherein a plurality of picture elements (7a) of the color layer (8b) are formed in the form of a machine-readable code, wherein the Metal layer (8a) using a first mask layer which is shaped in the form of a first information, and using a second mask layer which is separated from the color layer (8b) is demetallized, so that the picture elements (7a) of the metal layer (8a) no longer contain the complete first information. 53. The method according to claim 52,  characterized ,  that a machine-readable code and / or the first information by  Combination of the first record and the second record is calculated. 54. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  in that, in order to check the authenticity of the security document (1), further steps are carried out if the security element (1 a, 1 b) intervenes  Security feature (10) comprising a color layer (8b):  Determining one or more parameters of the color layer (8b), selected from the position, color, color coverage, reflection, orientation, size, shape,  Personalization, color change and electromagnetic properties, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth data sets, wherein preferably a comparison of the determined one or more parameters with predefined assigned reference values takes place and a denial of the authenticity occurs if the deviation is a predefined Tolerance range exceeds. 55. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  in that, in order to check the authenticity of the security document (1), further steps are carried out if the security element (1 a, 1 b) intervenes  Security feature (10) comprising a metal layer (8a) comprising: Determining one or more parameters of the metal layer (8a), selected from position, reflection, orientation, size, shape, personalization, area coverage, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth data records, whereby preferably a comparison of the determined one or more parameters with predefined assigned reference values takes place and a denial of the authenticity takes place if the deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range. 56. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  in that, in order to check the authenticity of the security document (1), further steps are carried out if the security element (1 a, 1 b) intervenes  Security feature (10) comprising an antenna comprising:  Determining one or more parameters of the metal layer (8a), selected from position, electromagnetic properties, design, color, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth data sets, wherein preferably a comparison of the determined one or more parameters with predefined assigned reference values and a denial of the authenticity occurs when the deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range. 57. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  in that, to check the authenticity of the security document (1), further steps are carried out if the security document (1) below the security element (1a, 1b) comprises a document background comprising  Metal layer (8a) and / or color layer (8b) comprises:  Determining one or more parameters of the metal layer (8a) and / or the ink layer (8b), selected from the position, color, ink coverage, reflection,  Orientation, size, shape, electromagnetic properties, reflection, personalization, and area coverage, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth data sets, wherein In particular, a comparison of the determined one or more parameters with predefined assigned reference values takes place and a denial of the Authenticity occurs when the deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range. 58. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  in that, in order to check the authenticity of the security document (1), further steps are carried out if the security element (1 a, 1 b) intervenes  Security feature (10) comprising an RFID chip comprising:  Reading one or more of stored on the RFID chip  Information which in particular includes a specification of one or more security features (10) of the security element (1a, 1b) and / or code stored therein;  Checking the security document (1) based on the read-out information, in particular whether one or more security features (10) of the security element (1a, 1b) correspond to the read-out specifications and / or include the read-out code. 59. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  the following steps are carried out to check the authenticity of the security document (1), if the security element (1 a, 1 b) intervenes  Security feature (10) comprising a diffractive and / or refractive structure:  Determination of one or more parameters of the diffractive and / or refractive structure, selected from the position, reflection, scattering, gloss, arrangement of the Design elements (600) of the diffractive and / or refractive structure, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth data sets, in particular comparison of the determined one or more parameters with predefined assigned reference values and negation of the authenticity, if the deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range. 60. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  in that, in order to check the authenticity of the security document (1), further steps are carried out if the security element (1 a, 1 b) intervenes  A security feature (10) comprising a self-luminous structure comprising: determining one or more parameters of the self-luminous structure selected from luminaires upon excitation, color upon excitation, position of the elements of the self-luminous structure, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third, and fourth records  in particular comparison of the determined one or more parameters with predefined assigned reference values and negation of the authenticity, if the deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range. 61.Method according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized ,  (f) that further steps are taken to verify the authenticity of the security document (1) if the security document (1) contains a  Document body (11) having a plurality of layers and / or a window and / or an opening region comprises:  Determination of one or more parameters of the document body (11) selected from the window position, window shape, position of the layers relative to one another, in particular based on one or more of the first, second, third and fourth data sets,  in particular comparison of the determined one or more parameters with predefined assigned reference values and negation of the authenticity, if the deviation exceeds a predefined tolerance range. 62. Security document suitable for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims. 63. Device, in particular reader (2), for verification of a  Security document (1),  characterized ,  in that the device has a sensor device (21) which is designed such that it detects first transmission and / or reflection properties of a first region (3) of the security document (1) in a first spectral range and from this generates a first data record specifying these properties, wherein the first region (3) at least partially overlaps an optical security element (1a, 1b) arranged on the security document (1) or embedded in the security document (1),  the sensor device (21) is further configured to be second  Detects transmission and / or reflection properties of the first region (3) of the security document (1) in a second spectral range and generates a second data set specifying these properties, the first spectral range being different from the second spectral range, and the device comprising an analysis device ( 22), which is designed such that, based at least on the first data record and the second data set, the authenticity of the security document (1) and / or the  Security elements (1a, 1b) checked. 64. Apparatus according to claim 63,  characterized ,  in that the sensor device (21) has one or more sensors (25) and one or more radiation sources (24), preferably the first one  Spectral range and the second spectral range different  Radiation sources (24) and / or sensors (25) are assigned. 65. Device according to one of claims 63 or 64,  characterized , the sensor device (21) comprises one or more radiation sources (24), wherein one or more of the radiation sources (24) each emit visible light, UV light and / or IR radiation. 66. Device according to one of claims 63 to 65,  characterized ,  in that the sensor device has one or more sensors (25), one or more of the sensors (25) respectively detecting visible light, UV light and / or IR radiation. 67. Security element (1a, 1b), in particular for use in a method according to one of claims 1 to 61,  characterized ,  the security element (1a, 1b) of the security document (1) has two or more security features (10). 68. Security element (1a, 1b) according to claim 67,  characterized ,  that two or more of the security features (10) of the security element (1a, 1b) each have a predetermined positional arrangement, in particular a  predetermined spacing, a predetermined size ratio, each a predetermined shape, in particular a predetermined Passerhaltigkeit the orientation and shaping of pixels (7a), a predetermined  Covering and / or predetermined orientation to each other. 69. security element (1 a, 1 b) according to any one of claims 67 to 68,  characterized , in that at least one of the security features (10) comprises a first object (9a) consisting of one or more picture elements (7a), the metal of a metal layer (8a) being provided in the area of the picture elements (7a) and the picture elements (7a) being provided in one surrounding background region (7b), the metal of the metal layer (8a) is not provided. 70.Sicherheitselement (1a, 1b) according to any one of claims 67 to 69, characterized  in that at least one of the security features (10) comprises a second object (9b) consisting of one or more picture elements (7a), wherein dyes and / or pigments of a color layer (8b) of the security feature (10) are provided in the area of the picture elements (7a) and in a background region (7b) surrounding the picture elements (7a) these dyes and / or pigments of the ink layer (8b) are not provided or are provided in a lower concentration. 71. security element (1 a, 1 b) according to one of claims 67 to 70,  characterized ,  in that the security element (1a, 1b) has a first and a second security feature (10a, 10b), wherein a first security feature (10a) and a second security feature (10b) at least partially overlap, wherein the first security feature (10a) when viewed from a Front side (6a) of the security element (1a, 1b) above the second security feature (10b) is arranged, wherein the first and second security feature (10a, 10b) each having one or more picture elements (7a) and a background area (7b) and the picture elements (7a) of the first security feature (10a) are opaque or substantially opaque in the second spectral range, in particular consist of a metal layer (8a). 72. Security element (1 a, 1 b) according to one of claims 67 to 71,  characterized ,  the security element (1a, 1b) has a first and / or second Security feature (10a, 10b), wherein the first security feature (10a) and / or the second security feature (10b) each comprise one or more picture elements (7a) and a background area (7b), wherein the picture elements (7a) of the second security feature (7a) 10b) in the first Spectral region are transparent or substantially transparent, but in the second spectral region have a contrast to the background region (7b) of the second security feature (10b), preferably a contrast of more than 5%, in particular more than 8%, preferably more than 10%, as the background area (7b) of the second security element (10b), wherein preferably the first and second security feature (10a, 10b) at least partially overlap and the second security feature (10b) when viewed from a front side (6a) of the security document (1) is arranged above the first security element (10a). 73. security element (1a, 1b) according to one of claims 67 to 72,  characterized ,  the security element (1a, 1b) has a first and a second one  Security feature (10a, 10b), wherein one or more of the  Picture elements (7a) of the second security feature (10b) and one or more of the picture elements (7a) of the first security feature (10a) with respect to the positioning, shaping and / or orientation of the picture elements (7a) of the first and second security elements (1a, 1b) relative to one another are provided in register on the security element (1a, 1b), in particular picture elements (7a) of the first security feature (10a) and the second security feature (10b) are positioned register-to-each other and / or merge into one another and / or coincide with respect to their pitch. 74. security element (1a, 1b) according to one of claims 67 to 73,  characterized ,  in that the security element (1a, 1b) has a first and a second security feature (10a, 10b), wherein the first security feature (10a) comprises a partial metal layer (8a) and a diffractive structure and the second Security feature (10b) comprises a partial color layer (8b), wherein in one or more picture elements (7a) of the first security feature (10a) and / or the second security feature (10b), the material of the metal layer (8a) or the color layer (8b) is provided and in a surrounding background area (7b) is not provided, wherein the  Image elements (7a) of the metal layer (8a) and the color layer (8b) are formed congruent to each other, wherein the diffractive structures are designed so that they radiation of the second spectral range, in particular the VIS Bend into a sensor of the reader (2), but do not bend radiation of the first spectral range, in particular of the IR range, into the sensor of the reader (2). 75. security element (1 a, 1 b) according to one of claims 67 to 74,  characterized ,  in that the security element (1a, 1b) has a first and second security feature (10a, 10b), wherein the first security feature (10a) comprises a partial metal layer (8a) and the second security feature (10b) comprises a partial color layer (8b) in one or more picture elements (7a) of the first security feature (10a) and the second security feature (10b) the material of the metal layer (8a) or the color layer (8b) is provided and in a surrounding background region (7b) is not provided, wherein a plurality of picture elements (7a) of the color layer (8b) are formed in the form of a machine-readable code, wherein the metal layer (8a) is formed by using a first mask layer in the form of a first information and by using a second mask layer consisting of the color layer (8b) which is demetallized so that the picture elements (7a) of the metal layer (8a) do not contain the complete first information. 76. Security element (1a, 1b) according to one of claims 67 to 75,  characterized ,  comprising a machine-readable code and / or the first information. 77. security element (1 a, 1 b) according to one of claims 67 to 76, characterized , in that the security element (1a, 1b) has a security feature (10) comprising an antenna. 78. Security element (1a, 1b) according to one of claims 67 to 77,  characterized ,  the security element (1a, 1b) has at least one security feature (10) comprising an RFID chip, wherein the RFID chip is stored  Information which in particular includes a specification of one or more security features (10) of the security element (1a, 1b) and / or stored in this code, wherein the security document (1) in particular based on the information read, in particular whether a or several of the security features (10) of the  Security elements (1a, 1b) respectively correspond to the read specifications and / or contain the read code, is verifiable. 79. Security document (1) with at least one security element (1a, 1b) according to one of claims 67 to 78,  characterized ,  in that the security document (1) below the security element (1 a, 1 b) has a document background comprising a metal layer (8a) and / or ink layer (8b) and / or that the security document (1) has a  Document body (11) having a plurality of layers and / or a window and / or a perforation region comprises.