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EP3555556B1 - Munition module, warhead, and munition - Google Patents

Munition module, warhead, and munition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3555556B1
EP3555556B1 EP17805106.6A EP17805106A EP3555556B1 EP 3555556 B1 EP3555556 B1 EP 3555556B1 EP 17805106 A EP17805106 A EP 17805106A EP 3555556 B1 EP3555556 B1 EP 3555556B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detonator
explosive
ignition
warhead
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17805106.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3555556A1 (en
Inventor
Benjamin SCHMITZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
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Application filed by Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Diehl Defence GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL17805106T priority Critical patent/PL3555556T3/en
Publication of EP3555556A1 publication Critical patent/EP3555556A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0807—Primers; Detonators characterised by the particular configuration of the transmission channels from the priming energy source to the charge to be ignited, e.g. multiple channels, nozzles, diaphragms or filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/207—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by the explosive material or the construction of the high explosive warhead, e.g. insensitive ammunition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0838—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the explosive charge in a warhead

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ammunition module, a warhead with an ammunition module and ammunition with a warhead.
  • an ammunition with a large length-to-diameter ratio which has an explosive charge casing filled with explosives and is provided at one end with an ignition device, a detonative initiating arrangement extending from the ignition device in the axial direction to a point in the explosive which is approximately the corresponds to half the longitudinal axis.
  • an explosive projectile with a pre-fragmented casing of increased effectiveness and its manufacturing process are known.
  • This projectile contains a thin metal shell that is in very close contact with the inner surface of the pre-fragmented rings that make up the shell of the projectile.
  • the ignition relay of the explosive charge which is supposed to detonate this charge, is located on the axis and approximately in the middle of the explosive charge.
  • a metallic detonator extension which contains an explosives-filled channel which passes through it.
  • the channel is small at one end and large at the other end.
  • the small end is adjacent to a detonator and the large end is adjacent to a burst charge. If the explosive explodes in the channel, the small end is closed off due to the flow of metal, which prevents counterfire of the burst charge through the small end.
  • the object of the invention is to improve ammunition.
  • the ammunition module contains an explosives arrangement, i.e. explosives in a certain geometric or spatial arrangement or distribution.
  • the ammunition module contains a detonator.
  • the explosive arrangement or the explosive can be ignited by the detonator.
  • the detonator is arranged or oriented relative to the explosive arrangement in such a way that, in the event of an ignition, it ignites it at an ignition point.
  • the ignition point is thus a specific location of the explosive arrangement at which it is ignited by the detonator.
  • the ignition point is positioned at a location within an envelope of the explosive device, i.e. not on the surface of the envelope. The place is away from the detonator.
  • the envelope contains the entire explosive and also gaps, indentations, recesses in the explosive arrangement. It is a flat or convex surface at all points. It is also possible that it is concave at least in some places, e.g. B. with notch charges in the envelope.
  • an ignition channel runs from the igniter to the ignition point.
  • the ignition channel is surrounded by at least part of the explosives arrangement.
  • the ignition channel is designed as a channel which is open in the initial state.
  • the initial state is a state before the start of an ignition of the ammunition module or the explosive.
  • the channel In an explosive state, which occurs after the explosive has been ignited, the channel is self-sealing.
  • “Sealing” means in particular to close or seal at least part of the ignition channel.
  • Self-sealing means that the ignition channel is sealed automatically or inevitably through the implementation of the explosive after ignition. Before ignition, the ignition channel is open; after ignition has taken place, the channel is sealed, that is to say at least partially closed.
  • the detonator ignites the explosive either directly (the detonator ignites the explosives assembly) or indirectly (the detonator ignites an ignition transformer, the ignition transformer ignites the explosives assembly).
  • “Inside the envelope” means that the ignition point is not located on the surface of an envelope of the explosive arrangement facing the detonator in particular, but (in particular deep) inside the envelope, in particular in the area of the geometric center or in an area opposite the detonator beyond the center the explosives assembly.
  • the explosive state is particularly that when part of the explosive has already been implemented and part not yet. Then an ammunition casing is usually stretched, but still tight, so that a pressure build-up inside the ammunition is still in progress. This pressure build-up is used in particular to seal the ignition channel.
  • the invention is based on the observation that a warhead z. B. is ignited via a head detonator, which immediately brings the explosives to implementation. So there is little effect in the direction of impact z. B. a grenade.
  • a self-sealing ignition channel inside the warhead an ignition point is realized away from the detonator side. This ignition channel avoids the loss of power by becoming self-sealing after the ignition of the warhead and preventing the escape of fumes from the explosion. Clouds are created when explosives are converted from solids into gas. The energy serves to accelerate the active charge. Due to the self-sealing ignition channel, an optimal ignition point of the warhead can be selected without losing performance due to significant pressure loss during the warhead implementation.
  • the invention it is made possible to ignite a warhead at will without expecting a drop in performance due to a premature escape of the explosion plumes.
  • the invention allows this to be implemented without having to resort to inline ignition means, such as. B. EFIs (Exploding Foil Initiator, which are also electrically high Energy must be ignited).
  • the ignition can be implemented without electrical energy.
  • an effect in the direction of the detonator in particular fragmentation, no hollow charge
  • SAD Safety and Arming Device
  • the ignition channel is at least partially closed or sealed in the blasted state by at least one sealing element.
  • the sealing element is introduced into the ignition channel by the at least partially converted explosive (in particular its pressure effect).
  • the sealing element is therefore a means for sealing or at least partially closing the ignition channel or an ignition channel opening (on the ignition side).
  • the ignition channel can be sealed or closed particularly effectively by means of a corresponding sealing element.
  • the sealing element can be in several parts or several sealing elements can be present in the ammunition module or they can also be combined, each sealing the ignition channel or the sealing elements working together.
  • the sealing element is formed by a body which in the initial state has an initial shape. In the explosion state, the body is deformed into a closure shape. At least part of the deformed body is the sealing element.
  • the body in the initial state is not in the ignition channel and is introduced into the ignition channel - in its initial form or in the form of a closure or in an intermediate state - by the at least partially converted explosive in order to seal it.
  • the body can therefore also first be brought into the ignition channel through the at least partially converted explosive, so that there at least a part of the body forms the sealing element in an undeformed or other form.
  • a sealing element in the form of a body can also be kept in the ammunition module, which is then brought into the ignition channel by converting the explosive in order to seal it. A particularly effective and simple sealing of the ignition channel is thus possible.
  • the body in the initial form is a shell surrounding the ignition channel.
  • the shell is in particular a sleeve, a tube or a lining of the ignition channel, for. B. in the form of a circular cylinder jacket. Since the shell surrounds the ignition channel and the ignition channel is in turn surrounded by explosives, the implementation of the explosive leads to a compression of the shell and thus to a deformation of the body to form the sealing element. A particularly simple and effective sealing of the ignition channel is achieved in this way.
  • the body is a metal body.
  • metal behaves roughly like a liquid and can therefore be deformed particularly easily.
  • the metal is a relatively soft metal, e.g. B. Copper.
  • the ignition channel is not an unfilled cavity in the initial state, but contains a pyrotechnic material.
  • the pyrotechnic material is in a upon detonation of the explosive device Residual material implemented.
  • the pyrotechnic material enables the ignition to be transferred from the igniter to the ignition point.
  • the sealing element is formed by at least part of the residual material.
  • z. B. consist of a sealing element in a compressed metal tube, which is then combined with the remaining material as a further sealing filling in order to achieve a particularly effective sealing of the ignition channel.
  • the residual material is slag.
  • Slag is particularly suitable for forming a corresponding sealing element.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a warhead according to patent claim 5.
  • the warhead contains an ammunition module with a detonator and with an explosives arrangement which can be ignited by the detonator.
  • the warhead also contains an active coating that at least partially surrounds the explosive arrangement. The active occupancy can be accelerated by the implemented explosives.
  • the ammunition module is an ammunition module according to the invention.
  • the detonator is in particular a head detonator.
  • the warhead and at least some of its embodiments as well as the respective advantages have already been explained in the context of the ammunition module according to the invention. This results in ammunition, the effective occupancy of which is also accelerated in the direction of the ignition by the sealed ignition channel. In the case of a head detonator, this is e.g. B. an existing effect in the direction of flight or impact of the ammunition.
  • the effective assignment is a splitter assignment. In this way, particularly effective warheads with a fragmentation effect in the direction of the fuse can be produced.
  • At least part of the active coating is attached to the side of the explosive arrangement facing the detonator. Thanks to the invention, this active occupancy is also accelerated sufficiently to have an effect (in the direction of the detonator).
  • - from the Explosive arrangement from the point of view - achieve a desired warhead effect with the help of the active occupancy in the detonator direction.
  • a head-side effect in particular a fragmentation effect, can be achieved in the impact direction of a warhead with a head fuse.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by an ammunition according to patent claim 8.
  • the ammunition contains a warhead and an impact fuse.
  • the warhead is a warhead according to the invention.
  • the detonator of the warhead is the impact detonator.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by an ammunition according to claim 9 in the form of an air burst ammunition (air burst: air detonation point), with a warhead, the warhead being a warhead according to the invention.
  • air burst air detonation point
  • the warhead according to the invention an effect is also possible in the igniter direction, an effect in other directions can be implemented conventionally anyway.
  • the ammunition and at least some of the embodiments thereof, as well as the respective advantages, have already been explained accordingly in connection with the above-mentioned ammunition according to the invention, the warhead according to the invention and the ammunition module according to the invention.
  • the invention is based on the following findings, observations and considerations.
  • the embodiments mentioned below are sometimes also referred to as "the invention” for the sake of simplicity.
  • the embodiments can here also contain parts or combinations of the above-mentioned embodiments or correspond to them and / or optionally also include embodiments not mentioned so far.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that in practice it is often the case that a head fuse is used with ammunition and no sufficient effect is generated in the frontal direction. Therefore, in the following the Ignition mechanism for a spherical power explained using the example of a head detonator. It is, however, the case that this can be implemented for any type of detonator (as a rule, however, in the case of ammunition, due to the rotational symmetry, this will be a head detonator or a rear detonator).
  • the aim is to achieve an effect in the direction of the detonator (in particular fragmentation, no hollow charge) in a warhead without using an ignition and safety device outside the detonator. So far - especially in the case of classic ammunition - the effect in the direction of the detonator has generally been dispensed with (or significant performance losses have been accepted).
  • the invention is based on the observation that explosives are ignited directly on the detonator side. As a result, plumes escape and the detonation wave propagates in the wrong direction.
  • the known DM121 ammunition has no front splitter at all.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the explosion vapors only after acceleration of the active occupancy (usually splinters) the warhead, z. B. a grenade, otherwise there is a loss of pressure and thus a loss of power (during energy transfer).
  • the detonation wave must propagate in the desired effective direction.
  • the invention is based on the idea of placing the ignition point sufficiently deep in the warhead.
  • a self-sealing ignition channel is proposed as a solution.
  • the explosives or warhead there is a channel at the end of which the warhead is ignited (e.g. by an ignition transformer with the aid of a flyer).
  • the detonation wave in the explosive closes the canal so that, on the one hand, no detonation plumes can escape and, on the other hand, the detonation wave can act on all active surfaces (especially those in the direction of the detonator) .
  • a relatively soft metal e.g. copper
  • the ignition channel with a (metal) lining is necessary, otherwise the vapor will escape prematurely and with it a pressure drop.
  • the ignition principle does not necessarily require a hollow ignition channel that has to be overcome with a flyer. It is also possible that this z. B. with a pyrotechnics o. ⁇ . Is filled (so-called slag sealing).
  • the invention is applicable to fragmentation grenades with "powerful" fragments in the front area, e.g. B. a grenade against vehicles with fragments of a performance category that z. B. can fight the interior of a pick-up completely.
  • the invention can also be applied to air burst grenades (in particular 40 mm air burst):
  • a warhead which has a spherical effective area is very desirable for an air explosive point grenade, since an area can be fought very effectively with it.
  • there are no areas without power Compared to a warhead with a self-sealing ignition channel, without this design the plumes escape prematurely and the active occupancy (here splinters) cannot be accelerated accordingly.
  • the idea of the invention is therefore to achieve a frontal effect in a 40 mm warhead that is ignited via a head detonator without using an SAD (detonator and safety device) outside the detonator, which is feasible both technically and cost-effectively .
  • the self-sealing ignition channel creates an ignition point away from the warhead tip. Splinters can also be accelerated below the detonator.
  • the 40 mm 360 degree warhead can work with fragments in any direction, in contrast to previous warheads of this ammunition, which for the most part have to do without a power in the direction of the detonator.
  • a design for a (40 mm) grenade results which enables a spherical effect.
  • HE and HE-PFF High Energy Pre Formed Fragments
  • uniform shells can be used which are also used with other 40 mm bullets.
  • spherically distributed fragments result without angular areas which are not covered (360-degree fragmentation effect), in particular in the direction of flight or impact of the grenade.
  • the invention enables a significantly larger proportion of standard components, which lowers manufacturing costs.
  • the 360-degree splitter area offers two advantages for tactical deployment scenarios: Splitters in the front area can be used, in particular, against light and non-armored vehicles in order to combat the occupants.
  • a typical scenario would be a pick-up.
  • the current ammunition would then direct all construction splinters away from the target object.
  • For air burst ammunition air burst ammunition
  • a 360-degree fragmentation effect is a great advantage, since the projectile does not hit an object but is usually deployed in the air.
  • the warhead presented here would work with splinters in all directions and thus fight a significantly larger area on the battlefield per shot. This results in a significantly higher effect per shot and a lower effectiveness of enemy cover. So far, the fragmentation effect in the direction of the fuse had to be dispensed with with 40 mm ammunition.
  • the starting point of the invention is the knowledge that 40 mm grenades do without the fragmentation effect in the direction of the detonator and thus cannot attack targets in all directions.
  • the aim of the invention is therefore to design a 40 mm warhead that has a 360-degree fragmentation effect, in particular a fragmentation effect in the direction of fire, without changing the basic design.
  • the explosion plumes are only allowed to leave the warhead after the active occupancy has been accelerated (usually splinters), otherwise there will be a loss of pressure and thus a loss of power (during energy transfer).
  • the detonation wave should propagate in the desired direction.
  • the warhead has in particular an ignition transformer (e.g. made of HNS, hexanitrostilbene) which is ignited by means of a flyer-forming booster.
  • the ignition transformer ignites the main charge. Due to the detonation wave, the flyer's flight channel is closed by the self-sealing ignition channel, so that the performance of the warhead is not lost in the direction of the ignition and is available to accelerate the splinters. Splinters are accelerated away from the grenade in all directions.
  • the invention can be used in particular for a 40 mm 360 degree fragmentation warhead for HE-PFF ammunition with an impact fuse. In this case, the splinters in the front area should fight the target on which they hit.
  • the invention can also be used for a 40 mm 360 degree fragmentation warhead for HE-PFF ammunition with air burst ammunition.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that currently the 40 mm warheads do not have any noteworthy fragmentation effect in the direction of the fuse.
  • the detonation point in an explosives arrangement (viewed in particular from the detonator) is moved “backwards” or in the middle, in any case it does not remain “in front”.
  • the explosive is triggered by a pressure wave.
  • the pressure wave then propagates "forward".
  • the invention there is thus a means for closing the ignition channel opening.
  • an ignition mechanism for warhead action in the igniter direction The invention allows an ignition mechanism which makes it possible to generate a powerful effect in the direction of the igniter. This basically affects the effect of warheads and grenades.
  • the invention describes an ignition mechanism which makes it possible to achieve a uniform spherical effect.
  • the invention provides a 40mm 360 degree fragmentation warhead.
  • the invention describes a 40 mm warhead which, in spite of a head fuse, has a powerful frontal effect and a spherical effect.
  • Figure 1 shows a section or part of an ammunition 2, the ammunition being a 40 mm fragmentation grenade.
  • the ammunition 2 contains a warhead 4.
  • the warhead 4 contains an ammunition module 6 with a detonator 8 and an explosive arrangement 10 which can be ignited by the detonator.
  • the explosive arrangement 10 is shown by hatching.
  • the warhead 4 also contains an active coating 12 which surrounds the explosive arrangement 10 and which can be accelerated by converted explosives of the explosive arrangement 10 or is accelerated in the event of ignition.
  • the detonator 8 is a head detonator, since it is located “in front of” the explosive arrangement 10 or, in this sense, at the “head” of the ammunition 2 with respect to a flight direction 14 of the ammunition 2 (in the case of use).
  • the active occupancy 12 is a splinter occupancy, a part 16 of the active occupancy 12 is attached to the side of the explosive arrangement 10 facing the detonator 8.
  • the detonator 8 is arranged relative to the explosive arrangement 10 in such a way that it can ignite the explosive arrangement at an ignition point 18 or, in the case of use, ignites.
  • the ignition point 18 is located at a location remote from the detonator 8 within an envelope 20 of the explosive arrangement 10.
  • the envelope 20 is shown in dashed lines for the sake of clarity at a small distance from the explosive arrangement 10.
  • the envelope 20 envelops both the explosive of the explosive arrangement 10 and a recess in the form of an ignition channel 22 made or formed in the explosive Explosives assembly 10 leads.
  • the ignition channel 22 runs from the igniter 8 to the ignition point 18.
  • the ignition channel is lined by a body 26, here a shell in the form of a straight circular cylinder jacket, or surrounded or delimited towards the explosive.
  • the body is in an initial shape F.
  • the body 26 is a metal body, here made of copper.
  • Figure 1 shows an initial state A of the ammunition 2 or the ammunition module 6 or the explosive arrangement 10.
  • the detonator 8 is not activated or triggered. Thus, no explosives or the like has yet started in ammunition 2.
  • the ignition channel 22 is open, i.e. one channel is released from the igniter 8 to the ignition point 18.
  • the ignition channel 22 is set up in such a way that, proceeding from the initial open state A, it seals itself in an explosive state S.
  • the ignition channel 22 is an unfilled cavity in the initial state A.
  • the igniter 8 is a flyer-forming booster igniter and the ignition channel 22 is a flyer channel for this purpose.
  • an ignition transformer 28 is arranged (indicated by dashed lines). The ignition transformer 28 is used for the actual ignition of the explosive arrangement 10 or its explosive. The flight path of the flyer is symbolized by an arrow.
  • Figure 1 alternatively shows an ignition channel 22, which is not an unfilled cavity, but contains a pyrotechnic material 30 (dashed, hatched).
  • the pyrotechnic material 30 is used here to transmit the ignition information from the igniter 8 to the ignition point 18.
  • Figure 2 shows the ammunition 2 from Figure 1 in the explosive state S.
  • the explosive state S exists after the igniter 8 has been ignited.
  • the igniter 8 has already ignited the explosive of the explosive arrangement 10 at the ignition point 18.
  • the explosive 10 is in a conversion phase, ie at least part of the explosive has already been converted.
  • a casing (not shown in more detail) of the ammunition 2 is at most deformed, but not yet destroyed and still keeps the converted explosive within the effective occupancy 12.
  • the ignition channel 22 (whose initial state A is again indicated by dashed lines) is at least partially closed by a sealing element 24, the sealing element 24 being introduced into the ignition channel 22 by the at least partially converted explosives of the explosive arrangement 10.
  • the sealing element 24 is formed here by at least a part of the body 26, which is deformed into a closure shape V in the exploded state S.
  • the pyrotechnic material 30 is converted into a residual material 32 after ignition.
  • This residual material 32 also forms a further sealing element 24 and is slag.
  • the original ignition channel 22 is sealed by the sealing elements 24, so that little or no plumes of the converted explosive can escape. In the in Figure 2 The situation shown is therefore the entire energy of the converted explosive is still available to accelerate the active occupancy 12.
  • FIG 3 shows symbolically an alternative ammunition 2, here in the form of an air burst ammunition, with an alternative warhead 4 with an alternative ammunition module 6 in the initial state A.
  • the ignition point 18 is approximately in the middle of the envelope 20 of the explosive arrangement 10.
  • the detonator 8 is again a flyer-forming booster igniter which interacts with an ignition transformer 28. The flight path of the flyer is again symbolized by an arrow.
  • the ignition point 18 is extended here and consists of the explosives surrounding or adjoining the ignition transformer.
  • the sealing element 24 is formed by a body 26, here a copper tube, which surrounds the ignition channel 22 in its initial shape F in the manner of a straight circular cylinder jacket.
  • the body 26 is compressed to form the sealing element 24 (shown in dashed lines).

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Munitionsmodul, einen Gefechtskopf mit einem Munitionsmodul und Munition mit einem Gefechtskopf.The invention relates to an ammunition module, a warhead with an ammunition module and ammunition with a warhead.

Die hier in Rede stehende Munition benötigt Sprengstoff und einen Zünder. Aus "Diehl Defence, Insensitive Infanteriemunition 40 mm x 53 High Velocity, http:// www.diehl.com / fileadmin / diehl-defence / user_upload / flyer / Patronen_40_mm _x_53.pdf" ist z. B. der Patronentypen "Sprengsplitter DM121 IM" bekannt. Der darin enthaltene Gefechtskopf wird über den Kopfzünder gezündet, der unmittelbar den Sprengstoff zur Umsetzung bringt.The ammunition in question here requires explosives and a detonator. From "Diehl Defense, Insensitive Infantry Ammunition 40 mm x 53 High Velocity, http: // www.diehl.com / fileadmin / diehl-defense / user_upload / flyer / Patronen_40_mm _x_53.pdf" is z. B. the cartridge types "Blasting splitter DM121 IM" known. The warhead contained in it is ignited via the head fuse, which immediately brings the explosives to implementation.

Aus der DE 36 06 762 A1 ist eine Munition mit großem Längen-DurchmesserVerhältnis bekannt, die eine mit Sprengstoff gefüllte Sprengladungshülle aufweist und an einem Ende mit einer Zündeinrichtung versehen ist, wobei sich von der Zündeinrichtung aus in axialer Richtung eine detonative Initiieranordnung bis zu einem Punkt im Sprengstoff erstreckt, der etwa der halben Längsachse entspricht.From the DE 36 06 762 A1 an ammunition with a large length-to-diameter ratio is known, which has an explosive charge casing filled with explosives and is provided at one end with an ignition device, a detonative initiating arrangement extending from the ignition device in the axial direction to a point in the explosive which is approximately the corresponds to half the longitudinal axis.

Aus der FR 2 617 955 A1 ist ein explosives Projektil mit einer vorfragmentierten Hülle von erhöhter Wirksamkeit und dessen Herstellungsverfahren bekannt. Dieses Projektil enthält eine dünne Metallhülle, die in sehr engem Kontakt mit der Innenfläche der vorfragmentierten Ringe steht, die die Hülle des Projektils bilden. Das Zündrelais der Sprengladung, das zur Detonation dieser Ladung führen soll, befindet sich in der Achse und ungefähr in der Mitte der Sprengladung.From the FR 2 617 955 A1 an explosive projectile with a pre-fragmented casing of increased effectiveness and its manufacturing process are known. This projectile contains a thin metal shell that is in very close contact with the inner surface of the pre-fragmented rings that make up the shell of the projectile. The ignition relay of the explosive charge, which is supposed to detonate this charge, is located on the axis and approximately in the middle of the explosive charge.

Aus dem US-Patent 3,713,392 ist eine metallische Zünder-Verlängerung bekannt, die einen Sprengstoff-gefüllten Kanal enthält, der diese durchsetzt. Der Kanal ist an einem Ende klein und am anderen Ende groß. Das kleine Ende ist einem Zünder benachbart, das große Ende einer Burst-Ladung benachbart. Bei Explosion des Sprengstoffs im Kanal wird das kleine Ende aufgrund von Metallfluss verschlossen, wodurch Gegenfeuer der Burst-Ladung durch das kleine Ende verhindert wird.From the U.S. Patent 3,713,392 a metallic detonator extension is known which contains an explosives-filled channel which passes through it. The channel is small at one end and large at the other end. The small end is adjacent to a detonator and the large end is adjacent to a burst charge. If the explosive explodes in the channel, the small end is closed off due to the flow of metal, which prevents counterfire of the burst charge through the small end.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, Munition zu verbessern.The object of the invention is to improve ammunition.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Munitionsmodul gemäß den Patentansprüchen 1 oder 2.The object is achieved by an ammunition module according to patent claims 1 or 2.

Bevorzugte oder vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sowie anderer Erfindungskategorien ergeben sich aus den weiteren Ansprüchen, der nachfolgenden Beschreibung sowie den beigefügten Figuren.Preferred or advantageous embodiments of the invention and other categories of the invention emerge from the further claims, the following description and the attached figures.

Das Munitionsmodul enthält eine Sprengstoffanordnung, d.h. Sprengstoff in einer bestimmten geometrischen bzw. räumlichen Anordnung bzw. Verteilung. Das Munitionsmodul enthält einen Zünder. Die Sprengstoffanordnung bzw. der Sprengstoff ist durch den Zünder zündbar. Der Zünder ist relativ zur Sprengstoffanordnung derart angeordnet bzw. ausgerichtet, dass er diese im Falle einer Zündung an einem Zündpunkt zündet. Der Zündpunkt ist somit ein bestimmter Ort der Sprengstoffanordnung, an welchem diese durch den Zünder gezündet wird. Der Zündpunkt ist an einem Ort innerhalb einer Umhüllenden der Sprengstoffanordnung positioniert, d.h. also nicht an der Oberfläche der Umhüllenden. Der Ort ist vom Zünder entfernt. Die Umhüllende enthält den gesamten Sprengstoff und auch Lücken, Einbuchtungen, Ausnehmungen in der Sprengstoffanordnung. Sie ist eine an allen Stellen jeweils eben oder konvex verlaufende Fläche. Es ist auch möglich, dass sie zumindest an manchen Stellen konkav verläuft, z. B. bei Kerbladungen in der Hülle.The ammunition module contains an explosives arrangement, i.e. explosives in a certain geometric or spatial arrangement or distribution. The ammunition module contains a detonator. The explosive arrangement or the explosive can be ignited by the detonator. The detonator is arranged or oriented relative to the explosive arrangement in such a way that, in the event of an ignition, it ignites it at an ignition point. The ignition point is thus a specific location of the explosive arrangement at which it is ignited by the detonator. The ignition point is positioned at a location within an envelope of the explosive device, i.e. not on the surface of the envelope. The place is away from the detonator. The envelope contains the entire explosive and also gaps, indentations, recesses in the explosive arrangement. It is a flat or convex surface at all points. It is also possible that it is concave at least in some places, e.g. B. with notch charges in the envelope.

In einem Ausgangszustand verläuft ein Zündkanal vom Zünder zum Zündpunkt Der Zündkanal ist zumindest von einem Teil der Sprengstoffanordnung umgeben. Der Zündkanal ist als ein Kanal ausgebildet, der im Ausgangszustand offen ist. Der Ausgangszustand ist ein Zustand vor Beginn einer Zündung des Munitionsmoduls bzw. des Sprengstoffes. In einem Sprengzustand, der sich nach erfolgter Zündung des Sprengstoffes einstellt, ist der Kanal selbstversiegelnd. "Versiegeln" bedeutet insbesondere, zumindest einen Teil des Zündkanals zu verschließen bzw. abzudichten. "Selbstversiegelnd" bedeutet, dass die Versiegelung des Zündkanals nach der Zündung automatisch bzw. zwangsläufig durch die Umsetzung des Sprengstoffes erfolgt. Vor der Zündung ist der Zündkanal also offen, nach erfolgter Zündung ist der Kanal versiegelt, also zumindest teilweise verschlossen. Die Zündung des Sprengstoffs durch den Zünder erfolgt entweder direkt (der Zünder zündet die Sprengstoffanordnung) oder indirekt (der Zünder zündet einen Zündübertrager, der Zündübertrager zündet die Sprengstoffanordnung). "Innerhalb der Umhüllenden" bedeutet, dass der Zündpunkt nicht an der insbesondere dem Zünder zugewandten Oberfläche einer Umhüllenden der Sprengstoffanordnung liegt, sondern (insbesondere tief) im Inneren der Umhüllenden, insbesondere im Bereich der geometrischen Mitte oder in einem dem Zünder gegenüberliegenden Bereich jenseits der Mitte der Sprengstoffanordnung. Der Sprengzustand ist insbesondere derjenige, wenn ein Teil des Sprengstoffes bereits umgesetzt ist, ein Teil noch nicht. Dann ist eine Munitionshülle in der Regel zwar gedehnt, aber noch dicht, so dass ein Druckaufbau im Inneren der Munition noch im Gange ist. Dieser Druckaufbau wird insbesondere zur Versiegelung des Zündkanals genutzt.In an initial state, an ignition channel runs from the igniter to the ignition point. The ignition channel is surrounded by at least part of the explosives arrangement. The ignition channel is designed as a channel which is open in the initial state. The initial state is a state before the start of an ignition of the ammunition module or the explosive. In an explosive state, which occurs after the explosive has been ignited, the channel is self-sealing. "Sealing" means in particular to close or seal at least part of the ignition channel. "Self-sealing" means that the ignition channel is sealed automatically or inevitably through the implementation of the explosive after ignition. Before ignition, the ignition channel is open; after ignition has taken place, the channel is sealed, that is to say at least partially closed. The detonator ignites the explosive either directly (the detonator ignites the explosives assembly) or indirectly (the detonator ignites an ignition transformer, the ignition transformer ignites the explosives assembly). “Inside the envelope” means that the ignition point is not located on the surface of an envelope of the explosive arrangement facing the detonator in particular, but (in particular deep) inside the envelope, in particular in the area of the geometric center or in an area opposite the detonator beyond the center the explosives assembly. The explosive state is particularly that when part of the explosive has already been implemented and part not yet. Then an ammunition casing is usually stretched, but still tight, so that a pressure build-up inside the ammunition is still in progress. This pressure build-up is used in particular to seal the ignition channel.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Beobachtung, dass ein Gefechtskopf z. B. über einen Kopfzünder gezündet wird, der unmittelbar den Sprengstoff zur Umsetzung bringt. Damit gibt es nur eine geringe Wirkung in die Aufschlagrichtung z. B. einer Granate. Durch den Einsatz eines selbstversiegelnden Zündkanals innerhalb des Gefechtskopfes wird ein Zündpunkt entfernt von der Zünderseite realisiert. Dieser Zündkanal vermeidet den Leistungsverlust, indem er nach der Zündung des Gefechtskopfes selbstversiegelnd wird und das Entweichen von Explosionsschwaden verhindert. Schwaden entstehen bei der Umsetzung von Sprengstoff in Feststoff zu Gas. Die Energie dient zur Beschleunigung der Wirkladung. Durch den selbstversiegelnden Zündkanal kann ein optimaler Zündpunkt des Gefechtskopfes gewählt werden, ohne dabei durch nennenswerten Druckverlust bei der Gefechtskopfumsetzung Leistung zu verlieren. Gemäß der Erfindung wird es ermöglicht, einen Gefechtskopf beliebig zünden zu können ohne dabei durch ein vorzeitiges Austreten der Explosionsschwaden einen Leistungseinbruch zu erwarten. Die Erfindung erlaubt, dies umzusetzen ohne dabei auf Inline-Zündmittel zurückgreifen zu müssen, wie z. B. EFIs (Exploding Foil Initiator, die noch dazu elektrisch mit hoher Energie gezündet werden müssen). Gemäß der Erfindung kann die Zündung ohne elektrische Energie umgesetzt werden. Gemäß der Erfindung lässt sich eine Wirkung in Zünderrichtung (insbesondere Splitterwirkung, keine Hohlladung) bei einem Gefechtskopf erreichen, ohne dabei eine SAD (Safety and Arming Device, Zünd- und Sicherungseinrichtung) außerhalb des Zünders zu verwenden.The invention is based on the observation that a warhead z. B. is ignited via a head detonator, which immediately brings the explosives to implementation. So there is little effect in the direction of impact z. B. a grenade. By using a self-sealing ignition channel inside the warhead, an ignition point is realized away from the detonator side. This ignition channel avoids the loss of power by becoming self-sealing after the ignition of the warhead and preventing the escape of fumes from the explosion. Clouds are created when explosives are converted from solids into gas. The energy serves to accelerate the active charge. Due to the self-sealing ignition channel, an optimal ignition point of the warhead can be selected without losing performance due to significant pressure loss during the warhead implementation. According to the invention, it is made possible to ignite a warhead at will without expecting a drop in performance due to a premature escape of the explosion plumes. The invention allows this to be implemented without having to resort to inline ignition means, such as. B. EFIs (Exploding Foil Initiator, which are also electrically high Energy must be ignited). According to the invention, the ignition can be implemented without electrical energy. According to the invention, an effect in the direction of the detonator (in particular fragmentation, no hollow charge) can be achieved in a warhead without using an SAD (Safety and Arming Device) outside the detonator.

In einer ersten Alternative A) der Erfindung ist der Zündkanal im Sprengzustand durch mindestens ein Siegelelement zumindest teilweise verschlossen bzw. versiegelt. Das Siegelelement ist durch den zumindest teilweise umgesetzten Sprengstoff (insbesondere dessen Druckwirkung) in den Zündkanal eingebracht. Das Siegelelement ist also ein Mittel zum Versiegeln bzw. zumindest teilweisen Verschließen des Zündkanals bzw. einer (zünderseitigen) Zündkanalöffnung. Durch ein entsprechendes Siegelelement kann der Zündkanal besonders effektiv versiegelt bzw. verschlossen werden. Das Siegelelement kann mehrteilig sein bzw. mehrere Siegelelemente können im Munitionsmodul vorhanden oder auch kombiniert sein, wobei jedes eine Versiegelung des Zündkanals bewirkt oder die Elemente zur Versiegelung zusammenwirken.In a first alternative A) of the invention, the ignition channel is at least partially closed or sealed in the blasted state by at least one sealing element. The sealing element is introduced into the ignition channel by the at least partially converted explosive (in particular its pressure effect). The sealing element is therefore a means for sealing or at least partially closing the ignition channel or an ignition channel opening (on the ignition side). The ignition channel can be sealed or closed particularly effectively by means of a corresponding sealing element. The sealing element can be in several parts or several sealing elements can be present in the ammunition module or they can also be combined, each sealing the ignition channel or the sealing elements working together.

In der Alternative A) ist das Siegelelement durch einen Körper gebildet, der im Ausgangszustand eine Ausgangsform aufweist. Im Sprengzustand ist der Körper in eine Verschlussform verformt. Zumindest ein Teil des verformten Körpers ist das Siegelelement. Alternativ oder zusätzlich liegt der Körper im Ausgangszustand nicht im Zündkanal und wird - in Ausgangsform oder in Verschlussform oder einem Zwischenzustand - durch den zumindest teilweise umgesetzten Sprengstoff in den Zündkanal eingebracht, um diesen zu versiegeln. Der Körper kann also durch den zumindest teilweise umgesetzten Sprengstoff auch erst in den Zündkanal hineinverbracht werden, damit dort zumindest ein Teil des Körpers in unverformter oder anderer Form das Siegelelement bildet. So kann im Munitionsmodul also auch ein Siegelelement in Form eines Körpers vorgehalten werden, der dann durch die Umsetzung des Sprengstoffes in den Zündkanal verbracht wird, um diesen zu versiegeln. So ist ein besonders wirkungsvolles und einfaches Versiegeln des Zündkanals möglich.In alternative A) the sealing element is formed by a body which in the initial state has an initial shape. In the explosion state, the body is deformed into a closure shape. At least part of the deformed body is the sealing element. Alternatively or additionally, the body in the initial state is not in the ignition channel and is introduced into the ignition channel - in its initial form or in the form of a closure or in an intermediate state - by the at least partially converted explosive in order to seal it. The body can therefore also first be brought into the ignition channel through the at least partially converted explosive, so that there at least a part of the body forms the sealing element in an undeformed or other form. Thus, a sealing element in the form of a body can also be kept in the ammunition module, which is then brought into the ignition channel by converting the explosive in order to seal it. A particularly effective and simple sealing of the ignition channel is thus possible.

In einer bevorzugten Variante der Alternative A) ist der Körper in der Ausgangsform eine den Zündkanal umgebende Hülle. Die Hülle ist insbesondere eine Hülse, eine Röhre bzw. eine Auskleidung des Zündkanals, z. B. in Form eines Kreiszylindermantels. Da die Hülle den Zündkanal umgibt und der Zündkanal wiederum von Sprengstoff umgeben ist, führt die Umsetzung des Sprengstoffs zu einer Komprimierung der Hülle und damit zu einer Verformung des Körpers zum Siegelelement. So wird eine besonders einfache und wirkungsvolle Versiegelung des Zündkanals erreicht.In a preferred variant of alternative A), the body in the initial form is a shell surrounding the ignition channel. The shell is in particular a sleeve, a tube or a lining of the ignition channel, for. B. in the form of a circular cylinder jacket. Since the shell surrounds the ignition channel and the ignition channel is in turn surrounded by explosives, the implementation of the explosive leads to a compression of the shell and thus to a deformation of the body to form the sealing element. A particularly simple and effective sealing of the ignition channel is achieved in this way.

In der Alternative A) ist der Körper ein Metallkörper. Im Falle einer Sprengstoffeinwirkung verhält sich Metall etwa wie eine Flüssigkeit und kann somit besonders einfach verformt werden. Das Metall ist insbesondere ein relativ weiches Metall, z. B. Kupfer.In alternative A) the body is a metal body. In the event of the effect of an explosive, metal behaves roughly like a liquid and can therefore be deformed particularly easily. In particular, the metal is a relatively soft metal, e.g. B. Copper.

In einer zweiten Alternative B) der Erfindung ist der Zündkanal im Ausgangszustand kein unbefüllter Hohlraum, sondern enthält ein Pyrotechnikmaterial. Das Pyrotechnikmaterial ist nach der Zündung der Sprengstoffanordnung in ein Restmaterial umgesetzt. Durch das Pyrotechnikmaterial lässt sich insbesondere die Zündung vom Zünder auf den Zündpunkt übertragen.In a second alternative B) of the invention, the ignition channel is not an unfilled cavity in the initial state, but contains a pyrotechnic material. The pyrotechnic material is in a upon detonation of the explosive device Residual material implemented. In particular, the pyrotechnic material enables the ignition to be transferred from the igniter to the ignition point.

In der Alternative B) ist das Siegelelement durch zumindest einen Teil des Restmaterials gebildet. Insbesondere kann z. B. ein Siegelelement in einer zusammengepressten Metallröhre bestehen, die dann noch mit dem Restmaterial als weiter abdichtende Füllung kombiniert wird, um eine besonders effektive Versiegelung des Zündkanals zu erreichen.In alternative B) the sealing element is formed by at least part of the residual material. In particular, z. B. consist of a sealing element in a compressed metal tube, which is then combined with the remaining material as a further sealing filling in order to achieve a particularly effective sealing of the ignition channel.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Alternative B) ist das Restmaterial Schlacke. Schlacke eignet sich besonders gut zum Bilden eines entsprechenden Siegelelements.In a preferred embodiment of alternative B) the residual material is slag. Slag is particularly suitable for forming a corresponding sealing element.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird auch gelöst durch einen Gefechtskopf gemäß Patentanspruch 5. Der Gefechtskopf enthält ein Munitionsmodul mit einem Zünder und mit einer durch den Zünder zündbaren Sprengstoffanordnung. Der Gefechtskopf enthält auch eine Wirkbelegung, die die Sprengstoffanordnung zumindest teilweise umgibt. Die Wirkbelegung ist durch den umgesetzten Sprengstoff beschleunigbar. Das Munitionsmodul ist ein erfindungsgemäßes Munitionsmodul. Der Zünder ist insbesondere ein Kopfzünder. Der Gefechtskopf und zumindest ein Teil dessen Ausführungsformen sowie die jeweiligen Vorteile wurden sinngemäß bereits im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Munitionsmodul erläutert. Somit ergibt sich eine Munition, deren Wirkbelegung durch den versiegelten Zündkanal auch in Zünderrichtung beschleunigt wird. Im Falle eines Kopfzünders ist dies z. B. eine in Flug- oder Aufschlagrichtung der Munition vorhandene Wirkung.The object of the invention is also achieved by a warhead according to patent claim 5. The warhead contains an ammunition module with a detonator and with an explosives arrangement which can be ignited by the detonator. The warhead also contains an active coating that at least partially surrounds the explosive arrangement. The active occupancy can be accelerated by the implemented explosives. The ammunition module is an ammunition module according to the invention. The detonator is in particular a head detonator. The warhead and at least some of its embodiments as well as the respective advantages have already been explained in the context of the ammunition module according to the invention. This results in ammunition, the effective occupancy of which is also accelerated in the direction of the ignition by the sealed ignition channel. In the case of a head detonator, this is e.g. B. an existing effect in the direction of flight or impact of the ammunition.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Wirkbelegung eine Splitterbelegung. So lassen sich besonders wirkungsvolle Gefechtsköpfe mit Splitterwirkung in Zünderrichtung herstellen.In a preferred embodiment, the effective assignment is a splitter assignment. In this way, particularly effective warheads with a fragmentation effect in the direction of the fuse can be produced.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist zumindest ein Teil der Wirkbelegung an der dem Zünder zugewandten Seite der Sprengstoffanordnung angebracht. Dank der Erfindung wird auch diese Wirkbelegung ausreichend beschleunigt, um Wirkung (in Zünderrichtung) zu entfalten. So lässt sich insbesondere auch - von der Sprengstoffanordnung aus gesehen - in Zünderrichtung eine gewünschte Gefechtskopfwirkung mit Hilfe der Wirkbelegung erzielen. So lässt sich insbesondere eine kopfseitige Wirkung, insbesondere Splitterwirkung, in Aufschlagrichtung eines Gefechtskopfes mit Kopfzünder erreichen.In a preferred embodiment, at least part of the active coating is attached to the side of the explosive arrangement facing the detonator. Thanks to the invention, this active occupancy is also accelerated sufficiently to have an effect (in the direction of the detonator). In particular - from the Explosive arrangement from the point of view - achieve a desired warhead effect with the help of the active occupancy in the detonator direction. In particular, a head-side effect, in particular a fragmentation effect, can be achieved in the impact direction of a warhead with a head fuse.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird auch durch eine Munition gemäß Patentanspruch 8 gelöst. Die Munition enthält einen Gefechtskopf und einen Aufschlagzünder. Der Gefechtskopf ist ein erfindungsgemäßer Gefechtskopf. Der Zünder des Gefechtskopfes ist der Aufschlagzünder. Die Munition und zumindest ein Teil derer Ausführungsformen sowie die jeweiligen Vorteile wurden sinngemäß bereits im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Gefechtskopf und dem erfindungsgemäßen Munitionsmodul erläutert. Vor allem ergibt sich so Munition mit Wirkung in Aufschlagrichtung.The object of the invention is also achieved by an ammunition according to patent claim 8. The ammunition contains a warhead and an impact fuse. The warhead is a warhead according to the invention. The detonator of the warhead is the impact detonator. The ammunition and at least some of their embodiments as well as the respective advantages have already been explained in the same way in connection with the warhead according to the invention and the ammunition module according to the invention. Above all, this results in ammunition with an effect in the direction of impact.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird auch gelöst durch eine Munition gemäß Patentanspruch 9 in Form einer Air-Burst-Munition (Air-Burst: Luft-Sprengpunkt), mit einem Gefechtskopf, wobei der Gefechtskopf ein erfindungsgemäßer Gefechtskopf ist. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Gefechtskopf ist eine Wirkung auch in Zünderrichtung möglich, eine Wirkung in andere Richtungen ist ohnehin konventionell umsetzbar. So lässt sich Air-Burst-Munition mit einer 360-Grad-Rundum-Wirkung schaffen. Die Munition und zumindest ein Teil derer Ausführungsformen sowie die jeweiligen Vorteile wurden sinngemäß bereits im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen oben genannten Munition, dem erfindungsgemäßen Gefechtskopf und dem erfindungsgemäßen Munitionsmodul erläutert.The object of the invention is also achieved by an ammunition according to claim 9 in the form of an air burst ammunition (air burst: air detonation point), with a warhead, the warhead being a warhead according to the invention. In the warhead according to the invention, an effect is also possible in the igniter direction, an effect in other directions can be implemented conventionally anyway. This is how air burst ammunition can be created with a 360-degree all-round effect. The ammunition and at least some of the embodiments thereof, as well as the respective advantages, have already been explained accordingly in connection with the above-mentioned ammunition according to the invention, the warhead according to the invention and the ammunition module according to the invention.

Die Erfindung beruht auf folgenden Erkenntnissen, Beobachtungen bzw. Überlegungen. Die nachfolgend genannten Ausführungsformen werden teils vereinfachend auch "die Erfindung" genannt. Die Ausführungsformen können hierbei auch Teile oder Kombinationen der oben genannten Ausführungsformen enthalten oder diesen entsprechen und/oder gegebenenfalls auch bisher nicht erwähnte Ausführungsformen einschließen.The invention is based on the following findings, observations and considerations. The embodiments mentioned below are sometimes also referred to as "the invention" for the sake of simplicity. The embodiments can here also contain parts or combinations of the above-mentioned embodiments or correspond to them and / or optionally also include embodiments not mentioned so far.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass es in der Praxis häufig der Fall ist, dass bei Munition ein Kopfzünder verwendet wird und in die Frontalrichtung keine ausreichende Wirkung generiert wird. Deshalb wird im Folgenden der Zündmechanismus für eine sphärische Leistung am Beispiel eines Kopfzünders erklärt. Es ist aber so, dass dies für jede Art von Zünder (im Regelfall wird dies bei Munition aufgrund der Rotationssymmetrie aber ein Kopf- oder Heckzünder sein) umsetzbar ist. Ziel ist es, eine Wirkung in Zünderrichtung (insbesondere Splitterwirkung, keine Hohlladung) bei einem Gefechtskopf zu erreichen, ohne dabei eine Zünd- und Sicherungseinrichtung außerhalb des Zünders zu verwenden. Bisher wurde - insbesondere bei klassischer Munition - auf die Wirkung in Richtung des Zünders in der Regel verzichtet (oder deutliche Leistungseinbußen in Kauf genommen).The invention is based on the knowledge that in practice it is often the case that a head fuse is used with ammunition and no sufficient effect is generated in the frontal direction. Therefore, in the following the Ignition mechanism for a spherical power explained using the example of a head detonator. It is, however, the case that this can be implemented for any type of detonator (as a rule, however, in the case of ammunition, due to the rotational symmetry, this will be a head detonator or a rear detonator). The aim is to achieve an effect in the direction of the detonator (in particular fragmentation, no hollow charge) in a warhead without using an ignition and safety device outside the detonator. So far - especially in the case of classic ammunition - the effect in the direction of the detonator has generally been dispensed with (or significant performance losses have been accepted).

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Beobachtung, dass Sprengstoff unmittelbar an der Zünderseite gezündet wird. Als Folge davon entweichen Schwaden und die Detonationswelle breitet sich in die falsche Richtung aus. Beispielsweise wird bei der bekannten Munition DM121 komplett auf Frontsplitter verzichtet. Die Erfindung beruht auf der Idee, dass die Explosionsschwaden erst nach Beschleunigung der Wirkbelegung (in der Regel Splitter) den Gefechtskopf, z. B. eine Granate, verlassen dürfen, da es sonst zu einem Druck- und damit Leistungsverlust (bei der Energieübertragung) kommt. Die Detonationswelle muss sich in die gewünschte Wirkrichtung ausbreiten.The invention is based on the observation that explosives are ignited directly on the detonator side. As a result, plumes escape and the detonation wave propagates in the wrong direction. For example, the known DM121 ammunition has no front splitter at all. The invention is based on the idea that the explosion vapors only after acceleration of the active occupancy (usually splinters) the warhead, z. B. a grenade, otherwise there is a loss of pressure and thus a loss of power (during energy transfer). The detonation wave must propagate in the desired effective direction.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Idee, den Zündpunkt hinreichend tief in den Gefechtskopf zu legen. Als Lösung wird ein selbstversiegelnder Zündkanal vorgeschlagen. Im Sprengstoff bzw. Gefechtskopf befindet sich ein Kanal, an dessen Ende der Gefechtskopf (z. B. durch einen Zündübertrager mit Hilfe eines Flyers) gezündet wird. Durch die Auskleidung des Kanals mit einem relativ weichen Metall (z. B. Kupfer) verschließt die Detonationswelle im Sprengstoff den Kanal, sodass zum einen keine Detonationsschwaden entweichen können und zum anderen die Detonationswelle auf alle Wirkflächen (insbesondere die in Richtung des Zünders) wirken kann. Somit wird im gewünschten Fall eine effektive Wirkung in alle Richtungen erreicht. Der Zündkanal mit (Metall-) Auskleidung ist notwendig, da es sonst zu einem vorzeitigen Austreten von Schwaden und damit einem Druckabfall kommt. Das Zündprinzip erfordert nicht zwangsläufig einen hohlen Zündkanal, der mit einem Flyer überwunden werden muss. Es ist genauso möglich, dass dieser z. B. mit einer Pyrotechnik o. ä. gefüllt ist (sogenannte Schlackeversiegelung).The invention is based on the idea of placing the ignition point sufficiently deep in the warhead. A self-sealing ignition channel is proposed as a solution. In the explosives or warhead there is a channel at the end of which the warhead is ignited (e.g. by an ignition transformer with the aid of a flyer). By lining the canal with a relatively soft metal (e.g. copper), the detonation wave in the explosive closes the canal so that, on the one hand, no detonation plumes can escape and, on the other hand, the detonation wave can act on all active surfaces (especially those in the direction of the detonator) . Thus, in the desired case, an effective effect is achieved in all directions. The ignition channel with a (metal) lining is necessary, otherwise the vapor will escape prematurely and with it a pressure drop. The ignition principle does not necessarily require a hollow ignition channel that has to be overcome with a flyer. It is also possible that this z. B. with a pyrotechnics o. Ä. Is filled (so-called slag sealing).

Die Erfindung ist anwendbar auf Splittergranaten mit "leistungsstarken" Splittern im Frontbereich, z. B. eine Granate gegen Fahrzeuge mit Splittern einer Leistungskategorie, die z. B. den Innenraum eines Pick-Ups vollständig bekämpfen können. Die Erfindung ist auch anwendbar auf Air-Burst-Granaten (insbesondere 40 mm Air-Burst): Ein Gefechtskopf, der einen sphärischen Wirkbereich hat, ist bei einer Luftsprengpunktgranate sehr wünschenswert, da damit ein Gebiet sehr effektiv bekämpft werden kann. Es kommt, im Gegensatz zu aktuell verfügbarer Munition, nicht zu Bereichen ohne Leistung. Im Vergleich zu einem Gefechtskopf mit selbstversiegelndem Zündkanal kommt es ohne dieses Design zu einem vorzeitigen Entweichen der Schwaden und die Wirkbelegung (hier Splitter) kann nicht entsprechend beschleunigt werden. Dies hat zur Folge, dass ein großer Teil der Explosionsenergie nicht mehr für die (Front-) Splitter zur Verfügung steht. Im Gegensatz dazu ist der Druckraum dank selbstversiegelndem Kanal noch intakt. Der Gefechtskopf muss sich noch zerlegen und die Explosionsenergie kann noch die Splitter beschleunigen.The invention is applicable to fragmentation grenades with "powerful" fragments in the front area, e.g. B. a grenade against vehicles with fragments of a performance category that z. B. can fight the interior of a pick-up completely. The invention can also be applied to air burst grenades (in particular 40 mm air burst): A warhead which has a spherical effective area is very desirable for an air explosive point grenade, since an area can be fought very effectively with it. In contrast to currently available ammunition, there are no areas without power. Compared to a warhead with a self-sealing ignition channel, without this design the plumes escape prematurely and the active occupancy (here splinters) cannot be accelerated accordingly. As a result, a large part of the explosion energy is no longer available for the (front) splitter. In contrast, the pressure chamber is still intact thanks to the self-sealing channel. The warhead has yet to disintegrate and the explosion energy can still accelerate the splinters.

Idee der Erfindung ist es also, eine Frontalwirkung bei einem 40-mm-Gefechtskopf zu erreichen, der über einen Kopfzünder gezündet wird, ohne dabei eine SAD (Zünd- und Sicherungseinrichtung) außerhalb des Zünders zu verwenden, der sowohl technisch wie auch kostentechnisch realisierbar ist. Durch den selbstversiegelnden Zündkanal wird ein Zündpunkt entfernt von der Gefechtskopfspitze realisiert. Splitter können auch unterhalb des Zünders beschleunigt werden. Der 40-mm-360-Grad-Gefechtskpof kann mit Splittern in jede Richtung wirken, im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Gefechtsköpfen dieser Munition, die auf eine Leistung in Richtung des Zünders großteils verzichten müssen. Gemäß der Erfindung ergibt sich ein Design für eine (40-mm-) Granate, das eine sphärische Wirkung ermöglicht. Trotz Kopfzünder können Ziele in Flugrichtung mit Splittern bekämpft werden. Gemäß der Erfindung ergibt sich ein 40-mm-Gefechtskopf, der eine Schwäche der aktuell verfügbaren Splittermunition (HE und HE-PFF, High Energy Pre Formed Fragments) beseitigen soll. Dies ist insbesondere die mangelnde Splitterwirkung im Frontbereich, wo der Kopfzünder angebracht ist. Gemäß der Erfindung lassen sich einheitliche Hüllen einsetzen, die auch bei anderen 40-mm-Geschossen verwendet werden. Gemäß der Erfindung ergeben sich sphärisch verteilte Splitter ohne Winkelbereiche, die nicht abgedeckt werden (360-Grad-Splitterwirkung), insbesondere in Flug- bzw. Aufschlagrichtung der Granate. Die Erfindung ermöglicht einen deutlich größeren Anteil an Standardkomponenten, was die Fertigungskosten senkt.The idea of the invention is therefore to achieve a frontal effect in a 40 mm warhead that is ignited via a head detonator without using an SAD (detonator and safety device) outside the detonator, which is feasible both technically and cost-effectively . The self-sealing ignition channel creates an ignition point away from the warhead tip. Splinters can also be accelerated below the detonator. The 40 mm 360 degree warhead can work with fragments in any direction, in contrast to previous warheads of this ammunition, which for the most part have to do without a power in the direction of the detonator. According to the invention, a design for a (40 mm) grenade results which enables a spherical effect. Despite head detonators, targets in the direction of flight can be fought with fragments. According to the invention, there is a 40 mm warhead which is intended to eliminate a weakness in the currently available fragmentation ammunition (HE and HE-PFF, High Energy Pre Formed Fragments). This is particularly the lack of fragmentation in the front area, where the head detonator is attached. According to the invention, uniform shells can be used which are also used with other 40 mm bullets. According to the invention, spherically distributed fragments result without angular areas which are not covered (360-degree fragmentation effect), in particular in the direction of flight or impact of the grenade. The invention enables a significantly larger proportion of standard components, which lowers manufacturing costs.

Der 360-Grad-Splitterbereich bietet für die taktischen Einsatzszenarien zwei Vorteile: Splitter im Frontbereich können insbesondere gegen leicht und nicht gepanzerte Fahrzeuge eingesetzt werden, um die Insassen zu bekämpfen. Ein typisches Szenario wäre ein PickUp. Die aktuelle Munition würde in diesem Fall alle Konstruktionssplitter vom Zielobjekt wegrichten. Für Luftsprengpunktmunition (Air-Burst-Munition) ist eine 360-Grad-Splitterwirkung ein großer Vorteil, da das Geschoss nicht auf einem Objekt aufschlägt sondern im Regelfall in der Luft umsetzt. Im Gegensatz zu den bisher verfügbaren Gefechtsköpfen würde der hier vorgestellte Gefechtskopf in alle Richtungen mit Splittern wirken und damit auf dem Gefechtsfeld pro Schuss eine deutlich größere Fläche bekämpfen. Daraus folgt eine deutlich höhere Wirkung pro Schuss und eine geringere Effektivität von gegnerischer Deckung. Bisher musste auf die Splitterwirkung in Zünderrichtung bei der 40-mm-Munition verzichtet werden.The 360-degree splitter area offers two advantages for tactical deployment scenarios: Splitters in the front area can be used, in particular, against light and non-armored vehicles in order to combat the occupants. A typical scenario would be a pick-up. The current ammunition would then direct all construction splinters away from the target object. For air burst ammunition (air burst ammunition), a 360-degree fragmentation effect is a great advantage, since the projectile does not hit an object but is usually deployed in the air. In contrast to the previously available warheads, the warhead presented here would work with splinters in all directions and thus fight a significantly larger area on the battlefield per shot. This results in a significantly higher effect per shot and a lower effectiveness of enemy cover. So far, the fragmentation effect in the direction of the fuse had to be dispensed with with 40 mm ammunition.

Diesbezüglich ist Ausgangspunkt der Erfindung die Erkenntnis, dass 40-mm-Granaten auf die Splitterwirkung in Zünderrichtung verzichten und so nicht Ziele in alle Richtungen bekämpfen können. Ziel der Erfindung ist es daher, einen 40-mm-Gefechtskopf zu entwerfen, der eine 360-Grad-Splitterwirkung hat, insbesondere eine Splitterwirkung in Schussrichtung, ohne das grundsätzliche Design zu ändern. Die Explosionsschwaden dürfen erst nach der Beschleunigung der Wirkbelegung (in der Regel Splitter) den Gefechtskopf verlassen, da es sonst zu einem Druck- und damit Leistungsverlust (bei der Energieübertragung) kommt. Die Detonationswelle sollte sich in die gewünschte Richtung ausbreiten.In this regard, the starting point of the invention is the knowledge that 40 mm grenades do without the fragmentation effect in the direction of the detonator and thus cannot attack targets in all directions. The aim of the invention is therefore to design a 40 mm warhead that has a 360-degree fragmentation effect, in particular a fragmentation effect in the direction of fire, without changing the basic design. The explosion plumes are only allowed to leave the warhead after the active occupancy has been accelerated (usually splinters), otherwise there will be a loss of pressure and thus a loss of power (during energy transfer). The detonation wave should propagate in the desired direction.

Gemäß der Erfindung verfügt der Gefechtskopf insbesondere über einen Zündübertrager (z. B. aus HNS, Hexanitrostilben) der mittels eines flyerbildenden Boosters gezündet wird. Der Zündübertrager zündet die Hauptladung. Durch die Detonationswelle wird der Flugkanal des Flyers durch den selbstversiegelnden Zündkanal verschlossen, sodass die Leistung des Gefechtskopfes nicht in Zünderrichtung verloren geht und zur Beschleunigung der Splitter zur Verfügung steht. Es werden Splitter in alle Richtungen von der Granate weg beschleunigt.According to the invention, the warhead has in particular an ignition transformer (e.g. made of HNS, hexanitrostilbene) which is ignited by means of a flyer-forming booster. The ignition transformer ignites the main charge. Due to the detonation wave, the flyer's flight channel is closed by the self-sealing ignition channel, so that the performance of the warhead is not lost in the direction of the ignition and is available to accelerate the splinters. Splinters are accelerated away from the grenade in all directions.

Abgesehen von einer kleinen Schwadenmenge, die aus dem Zündkanal bei der Versiegelung austritt, steht somit bis zum Zeitpunkt unmittelbar vor dem Bruch der Gefechtskopfhülle nahezu die gesamte Energie des Sprengstoffes für die Splitterbeschleunigung zur Verfügung. Die Erfindung lässt sich insbesondere für einen 40-mm-360-Grad-Splittergefechtskopf für eine HE-PFF-Munition mit Aufschlagzünder nutzen. In diesem Fall sollen die Splitter im Frontbereich das Ziel bekämpfen, auf dem sie aufschlagen. Die Erfindung kann auch für einen 40-mm-360-Grad-Splittergefechtskopf für eine HE-PFF-Munition mit Air-Burst-Munition genutzt werden.Apart from a small amount of vapor that emerges from the ignition channel during the sealing, almost the entire energy of the explosive is available for the fragment acceleration up to the point in time immediately before the warhead casing ruptures. The invention can be used in particular for a 40 mm 360 degree fragmentation warhead for HE-PFF ammunition with an impact fuse. In this case, the splinters in the front area should fight the target on which they hit. The invention can also be used for a 40 mm 360 degree fragmentation warhead for HE-PFF ammunition with air burst ammunition.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass aktuell die 40-mm-Gefechtsköpfe auf nennenswerte Splitterwirkung in Zünderrichtung verzichten.The invention is based on the knowledge that currently the 40 mm warheads do not have any noteworthy fragmentation effect in the direction of the fuse.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird also der Sprengpunkt in einer Sprengstoffanordnung (insbesondere vom Zünder ausbetrachtet) "nach hinten" verlegt oder in die Mitte, jedenfalls verbleibt er nicht "vorne". Die Auslösung des Sprengstoffs erfolgt durch eine Druckwelle. Die Druckwelle breitet sich dann "nach vorne" aus.According to the invention, the detonation point in an explosives arrangement (viewed in particular from the detonator) is moved "backwards" or in the middle, in any case it does not remain "in front". The explosive is triggered by a pressure wave. The pressure wave then propagates "forward".

Gemäß der Erfindung ergibt sich also ein Mittel zum Verschließen der Zündkanalöffnung. Gemäß der Erfindung ergibt sich ein Zündmechanismus für Gefechtskopfwirkung in Zünderrichtung. Die Erfindung erlaubt einen Zündmechanismus, der es ermöglicht, eine leistungsstarke Wirkung in Richtung des Zünders zu generieren. Dies betrifft die Wirkung von Gefechtsköpfen und Granaten grundsätzlich. Die Erfindung beschreibt einen Zündmechanismus, der es ermöglicht, eine gleichmäßige sphärische Wirkung zu erreichen.According to the invention, there is thus a means for closing the ignition channel opening. According to the invention there is an ignition mechanism for warhead action in the igniter direction. The invention allows an ignition mechanism which makes it possible to generate a powerful effect in the direction of the igniter. This basically affects the effect of warheads and grenades. The invention describes an ignition mechanism which makes it possible to achieve a uniform spherical effect.

Gemäß der Erfindung ergibt sich insbesondere ein 40-mm-360-Grad-Splittergefechtskopf. Die Erfindung beschreibt insbesondere einen 40-mm-Gefechtskopf, der trotz Kopfzünder über eine leistungsstarke Frontalwirkung und sphärische Wirkung verfügt.In particular, the invention provides a 40mm 360 degree fragmentation warhead. In particular, the invention describes a 40 mm warhead which, in spite of a head fuse, has a powerful frontal effect and a spherical effect.

Weitere Merkmale, Wirkungen und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung sowie der beigefügten Figuren. Dabei zeigen in einer schematischen Prinzipskizze:

Figur 1
einen Ausschnitt aus einer Munition mit Zünder in einem Ausgangszustand;
Figur 2
die Munition aus Figur 1 in einem Sprengzustand;
Figur 3
einen Ausschnitt aus einer alternativen Munition / einem alternativen Munitionskonzept.
Further features, effects and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention and the attached figures. The following are shown in a schematic sketch:
Figure 1
a section of an ammunition with a detonator in an initial state;
Figure 2
the ammunition Figure 1 in an explosive state;
Figure 3
an excerpt from an alternative ammunition / an alternative ammunition concept.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Ausschnitt bzw. einen Teil einer Munition 2, wobei die Munition eine 40-mm-Splittergranate ist. Die Munition 2 enthält einen Gefechtskopf 4. Der Gefechtskopf 4 enthält ein Munitionsmodul 6 mit einem Zünder 8 und einer durch den Zünder zündbaren Sprengstoffanordnung 10. Die Sprengstoffanordnung 10 ist durch Schraffierung dargestellt. Der Gefechtskopf 4 enthält auch eine Wirkbelegung 12, die die Sprengstoffanordnung 10 umgibt und die durch umgesetzten Sprengstoff der Sprengstoffanordnung 10 beschleunigbar ist bzw. im Zündfall beschleunigt wird. Figure 1 shows a section or part of an ammunition 2, the ammunition being a 40 mm fragmentation grenade. The ammunition 2 contains a warhead 4. The warhead 4 contains an ammunition module 6 with a detonator 8 and an explosive arrangement 10 which can be ignited by the detonator. The explosive arrangement 10 is shown by hatching. The warhead 4 also contains an active coating 12 which surrounds the explosive arrangement 10 and which can be accelerated by converted explosives of the explosive arrangement 10 or is accelerated in the event of ignition.

Der Zünder 8 ist im vorliegenden Fall ein Kopfzünder, da dieser sich bezüglich einer (im Einsatzfall) Flugrichtung 14 der Munition 2 "vor" der Sprengstoffanordnung 10 bzw. in diesem Sinne am "Kopf" der Munition 2 befindet. Die Wirkbelegung 12 ist eine Splitterbelegung, ein Teil 16 der Wirkbelegung 12 ist an der dem Zünder 8 zugewandten Seite der Sprengstoffanordnung 10 angebracht.In the present case, the detonator 8 is a head detonator, since it is located “in front of” the explosive arrangement 10 or, in this sense, at the “head” of the ammunition 2 with respect to a flight direction 14 of the ammunition 2 (in the case of use). The active occupancy 12 is a splinter occupancy, a part 16 of the active occupancy 12 is attached to the side of the explosive arrangement 10 facing the detonator 8.

Der Zünder 8 ist relativ zur Sprengstoffanordnung 10 so angeordnet, dass dieser die Sprengstoffanordnung an einem Zündpunkt 18 zünden kann bzw. im Einsatzfall zündet. Der Zündpunkt 18 liegt an einem vom Zünder 8 entfernten Ort innerhalb einer Umhüllenden 20 der Sprengstoffanordnung 10. Die Umhüllende 20 ist zur Verdeutlichung mit geringem Abstand zur Sprengstoffanordnung 10 gestrichelt gezeichnet. Die Umhüllende 20 umhüllt sowohl den Sprengstoff der Sprengstoffanordnung 10, sowie eine in den Sprengstoff eingebrachte bzw. gebildete Ausnehmung in Form eines Zündkanals 22. Die Umhüllende weist ausschließlich konkave und ebene Flächenbereiche auf und folgt insbesondere nicht dem Zündkanal, der "in das Innere" der Sprengstoffanordnung 10 führt. Der Zündkanal 22 verläuft vom Zünder 8 zum Zündpunkt 18.The detonator 8 is arranged relative to the explosive arrangement 10 in such a way that it can ignite the explosive arrangement at an ignition point 18 or, in the case of use, ignites. The ignition point 18 is located at a location remote from the detonator 8 within an envelope 20 of the explosive arrangement 10. The envelope 20 is shown in dashed lines for the sake of clarity at a small distance from the explosive arrangement 10. The envelope 20 envelops both the explosive of the explosive arrangement 10 and a recess in the form of an ignition channel 22 made or formed in the explosive Explosives assembly 10 leads. The ignition channel 22 runs from the igniter 8 to the ignition point 18.

Der Zündkanal ist durch einen Körper 26, hier eine Hülle in Form eines geraden Kreiszylindermantels, ausgekleidet bzw. zum Sprengstoff hin umgeben bzw. abgegrenzt. Der Körper befindet sich dabei in einer Ausgangsform F. Der Körper 26 ist ein Metallkörper, hier aus Kupfer.The ignition channel is lined by a body 26, here a shell in the form of a straight circular cylinder jacket, or surrounded or delimited towards the explosive. The body is in an initial shape F. The body 26 is a metal body, here made of copper.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Ausgangszustand A der Munition 2 bzw. des Munitionsmoduls 6 bzw. der Sprengstoffanordnung 10. Im Ausgangszustand A ist der Zünder 8 nicht aktiviert bzw. ausgelöst. Somit hat auch noch keinerlei Sprengstoffumsetzung o. ä. in der Munition 2 begonnen. Figure 1 shows an initial state A of the ammunition 2 or the ammunition module 6 or the explosive arrangement 10. In the initial state A, the detonator 8 is not activated or triggered. Thus, no explosives or the like has yet started in ammunition 2.

Im Ausgangszustand A ist der Zündkanal 22 offen, d.h. ein Kanal ist vom Zünder 8 zum Zündpunkt 18 freigegeben. Der Zündkanal 22 ist so eingerichtet, dass er sich ausgehend vom offenen Ausgangszustand A in einem Sprengzustand S selbst versiegelt.In the initial state A, the ignition channel 22 is open, i.e. one channel is released from the igniter 8 to the ignition point 18. The ignition channel 22 is set up in such a way that, proceeding from the initial open state A, it seals itself in an explosive state S.

Der Zündkanal 22 ist im Ausgangszustand A ein unbefüllter Hohlraum. Der Zünder 8 ist ein flyerbildender Boosterzünder und der Zündkanal 22 ein Flyerkanal hierfür. Am dem Zünder 8 gegenüberliegenden Ende des Zündkanals 22 ist ein Zündübertrager 28 angeordnet (gestrichelt angedeutet). Der Zündübertrager 28 dient zur eigentlichen Zündung der Sprengstoffanordnung 10 bzw. dessen Sprengstoffs. Der Flugweg des Flyers ist durch einen Pfeil symbolisiert.The ignition channel 22 is an unfilled cavity in the initial state A. The igniter 8 is a flyer-forming booster igniter and the ignition channel 22 is a flyer channel for this purpose. At the end of the ignition channel 22 opposite the igniter 8, an ignition transformer 28 is arranged (indicated by dashed lines). The ignition transformer 28 is used for the actual ignition of the explosive arrangement 10 or its explosive. The flight path of the flyer is symbolized by an arrow.

Figur 1 zeigt alternativ einen Zündkanal 22, der kein unbefüllter Hohlraum ist, sondern ein Pyrotechnikmaterial 30 (gestrichelt, schraffiert) enthält. Das Pyrotechnikmaterial 30 dient hier der Übertragung der Zündinformation vom Zünder 8 zum Zündpunkt 18. Figure 1 alternatively shows an ignition channel 22, which is not an unfilled cavity, but contains a pyrotechnic material 30 (dashed, hatched). The pyrotechnic material 30 is used here to transmit the ignition information from the igniter 8 to the ignition point 18.

Figur 2 zeigt die Munition 2 aus Figur 1 im Sprengzustand S. Der Sprengzustand S besteht nach erfolgter Zündung des Zünders 8. Der Zünder 8 hat bereits den Sprengstoff der Sprengstoffanordnung 10 am Zündpunkt 18 gezündet. Der Sprengstoff 10 befindet sich in einer Umsetzungsphase, d.h. zumindest ein Teil des Sprengstoffes ist schon umgesetzt. Eine nicht näher dargestellte Hülle der Munition 2 ist allenfalls verformt, doch noch nicht zerstört und hält den umgesetzten Sprengstoff noch innerhalb der Wirkbelegung 12. Figure 2 shows the ammunition 2 from Figure 1 in the explosive state S. The explosive state S exists after the igniter 8 has been ignited. The igniter 8 has already ignited the explosive of the explosive arrangement 10 at the ignition point 18. The explosive 10 is in a conversion phase, ie at least part of the explosive has already been converted. A casing (not shown in more detail) of the ammunition 2 is at most deformed, but not yet destroyed and still keeps the converted explosive within the effective occupancy 12.

Im Sprengzustand S ist der Zündkanal 22 (dessen Ausgangszustand A ist nochmals gestrichelt angedeutet) durch ein Siegelelement 24 zumindest teilweise verschlossen, wobei das Siegelelement 24 durch den zumindest teilweise umgesetzten Sprengstoff der Sprengstoffanordnung 10 in den Zündkanal 22 eingebracht ist.In the explosive state S, the ignition channel 22 (whose initial state A is again indicated by dashed lines) is at least partially closed by a sealing element 24, the sealing element 24 being introduced into the ignition channel 22 by the at least partially converted explosives of the explosive arrangement 10.

Das Siegelelement 24 ist hier durch zumindest einen Teil des Körpers 26 gebildet, der im Sprengzustand S in eine Verschlussform V verformt ist. Der Teil des Körpers 26, hier dessen komprimiertes, dem Sprengpunkt S zugewandtes Ende, bildet das Siegelelement 24.The sealing element 24 is formed here by at least a part of the body 26, which is deformed into a closure shape V in the exploded state S. The part of the body 26, here its compressed end facing the explosion point S, forms the sealing element 24.

In der alternativen Ausführungsform ist das Pyrotechnikmaterial 30 nach der Zündung in ein Restmaterial 32 umgesetzt. Dieses Restmaterial 32 bildet zusätzlich ein weiteres Siegelelement 24 und ist Schlacke.In the alternative embodiment, the pyrotechnic material 30 is converted into a residual material 32 after ignition. This residual material 32 also forms a further sealing element 24 and is slag.

Durch die Siegelelemente 24 ist der ursprüngliche Zündkanal 22 versiegelt, so dass keine oder nur kaum Schwaden des umgesetzten Sprengstoffes entweichen können. In der in Figur 2 dargestellten Situation steht daher die gesamte Energie des umgesetzten Sprengstoffes noch zur Beschleunigung der Wirkbelegung 12 zur Verfügung.The original ignition channel 22 is sealed by the sealing elements 24, so that little or no plumes of the converted explosive can escape. In the in Figure 2 The situation shown is therefore the entire energy of the converted explosive is still available to accelerate the active occupancy 12.

Figur 3 zeigt symbolisch eine alternative Munition 2, hier in Form einer Air-Burst-Munition, mit einem alternativen Gefechtskopf 4 mit alternativem Munitionsmodul 6 im Ausgangszustand A. Hier liegt der Zündpunkt 18 etwa in der Mitte der Umhüllenden 20 der Sprengstoffanordnung 10. Der Zünder 8 ist wieder ein flyerbildender Boosterzünder, der mit einem Zündübertrager 28 zusammenwirkt. Der Flugweg des Flyers ist wieder durch einen Pfeil symbolisiert. Der Zündpunkt 18 ist hier ausgedehnt und besteht aus dem den Zündübertrager umgebenden bzw. an diesen angrenzenden Sprengstoff. Auch hier ist das Siegelelement 24 durch eine Körper 26 gebildet, hier ein Kupferrohr, das den Zündkanal 22 in seiner Ausgangsform F nach Art eines geraden Kreiszylindermantels umgibt. Während der Umsetzung der Sprengstoffanordnung 10 im Sprengzustand wird der Körper 26 zum Siegelelement 24 komprimiert (gestrichelt dargestellt). Figure 3 shows symbolically an alternative ammunition 2, here in the form of an air burst ammunition, with an alternative warhead 4 with an alternative ammunition module 6 in the initial state A. Here, the ignition point 18 is approximately in the middle of the envelope 20 of the explosive arrangement 10. The detonator 8 is again a flyer-forming booster igniter which interacts with an ignition transformer 28. The flight path of the flyer is again symbolized by an arrow. The ignition point 18 is extended here and consists of the explosives surrounding or adjoining the ignition transformer. Here, too, the sealing element 24 is formed by a body 26, here a copper tube, which surrounds the ignition channel 22 in its initial shape F in the manner of a straight circular cylinder jacket. During the implementation of the explosive arrangement 10 in the explosive state, the body 26 is compressed to form the sealing element 24 (shown in dashed lines).

Gemäß Figur 2 und Figur 3 (angedeutete Strichelung) ist zusammenfassend zu erkennen, dass durch die Selbstversiegelung des Zündkanals 22 der umsetzende Sprengstoff der Sprengstoffanordnung 10 nicht mehr oder nur noch geringfügig in Form von Schwaden durch den Zündkanal 22 entweichen kann. Die gesamte Explosionsenergie der Sprengstoffanordnung 10 wird somit zur jeweiligen Beschleunigung sämtlicher Wirkbelegung 12 genutzt. Insbesondere wird so auch der Teils 16 der Wirkbelegung 12, welcher, in Zünderrichtung gesehen, "vor" der Sprengstoffanordnung 10, liegt, d.h. auf der dem Zünder 8 zugewandten Seite der Sprengstoffanordnung.According to Figure 2 and Figure 3 (indicated dashed lines) can be seen in summary that due to the self-sealing of the ignition channel 22, the explosive of the explosive arrangement 10 can no longer escape or can only escape slightly in the form of plumes through the ignition channel 22. The entire explosion energy of the explosive arrangement 10 is thus used for the respective acceleration of all active occupancy 12. In particular, the part 16 of the active coating 12 which, as seen in the detonator direction, lies “in front of” the explosive arrangement 10, ie on the side of the explosive arrangement facing the detonator 8, is also in this way.

Somit ergibt sich im Fall von Figur 3 eine 360-Grad-Wirkung der Wirkbelegung 12, hier einer Splitterbelegung, und in Figur 2 insbesondere eine Splitterwirkung in Richtung des Pfeils 14, also in Flugrichtung.Thus, in the case of Figure 3 a 360-degree effect of the active occupancy 12, here a splinter occupancy, and in Figure 2 in particular a fragmentation effect in the direction of arrow 14, that is, in the direction of flight.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

22
Munitionammunition
44th
GefechtskopfWarhead
66th
MunitionsmodulAmmunition module
88th
ZünderDetonator
1010
SprengstoffanordnungExplosives assembly
1212th
WirkbelegungActive occupancy
1414th
FlugrichtungFlight direction
1616
Teilpart
1818th
ZündpunktIgnition point
2020th
UmhüllendeEnveloping
2222nd
ZündkanalIgnition channel
2424
SiegelelementSealing element
2626th
Körperbody
2828
ZündübertragerIgnition transformer
3030th
PyrotechnikmaterialPyrotechnic material
3232
RestmaterialResidual material
AA.
AusgangszustandInitial state
SS.
SprengzustandExplosive state
FF.
AusgangsformInitial form
VV
VerschlussformClosure shape

Claims (9)

  1. Munition module (6)
    - with an explosive arrangement (10) that can be detonated by a detonator (8),
    - with the detonator (8), which is arranged in relation to the explosive arrangement (10) in such a way as to ignite it at an ignition point (18), wherein
    - the ignition point (18) is positioned at a location remote from the detonator (8) within a casing (20) of the explosive arrangement (10),
    - in an initial state (A), an ignition channel (22) surrounded by at least part of the explosive arrangement (10) runs from the detonator (8) to the ignition point (18),
    - the ignition channel (22) is formed as a channel that is open in the initial state (A) and self-sealing in an exploded state (S), which occurs after detonation of the explosive of the explosive arrangement (10) has taken place, and
    - in the exploded state (S) the ignition channel (22) is at least partially closed by at least one sealing element (24), the sealing element (24) having been introduced into the ignition channel (22) by the at least partially reacted explosive, wherein the sealing element (24) is formed by a body (26) which in the initial state (A) has an initial form (F) and which in the exploded state (S) has been deformed into a closed form (V), at least part of the deformed body (26) being the sealing element (24), wherein the body (26) is a metal body.
  2. Munition module (6)
    - with an explosive arrangement (10) that can be detonated by a detonator (8),
    - with the detonator (8), which is arranged in relation to the explosive arrangement (10) in such a way as to ignite it at an ignition point (18), wherein
    - the ignition point (18) is positioned at a location remote from the detonator (8) within a casing (20) of the explosive arrangement (10),
    - in an initial state (A), an ignition channel (22) surrounded by at least part of the explosive arrangement (10) runs from the detonator (8) to the ignition point (18),
    - the ignition channel (22) is formed as a channel that is open in the initial state (A) and self-sealing in an exploded state (S), which occurs after detonation of the explosive of the explosive arrangement (10) has taken place, and
    - the ignition channel (8) in the initial state (A) contains a pyrotechnic material (30), which after the detonation of the explosive arrangement (10) has been converted into a residual material (32), wherein the sealing element (24) is formed by at least part of the residual material (32).
  3. Munition module (6) according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the body (26) in the initial form (F) is a shell surrounding the ignition channel (22).
  4. Munition module (6) according to Claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the residual material (32) is slag.
  5. Warhead (4),
    - with a munition module (6) with a detonator (8), and an explosive arrangement (10) that can be detonated by the detonator (8), and
    - with an active covering (12), which at least partially surrounds the explosive arrangement (10) and can be accelerated by the reacted explosive,
    characterized in that
    the munition module (6) is a munition module (6) according to one of Claims 1 to 4.
  6. Warhead (4) according to Claim 5,
    characterized in that
    the active covering (12) is a fragmenting covering.
  7. Warhead (4) according to either of Claims 5 and 6,
    characterized in that
    at least part of the active covering (12) is provided on the side of the explosive arrangement (10) that is facing the detonator (8).
  8. Munition (2) with a warhead (4) with an impact detonator,
    characterized in that
    the warhead (4) is a warhead (4) according to one of Claims 5 to 7 and the detonator (8) of the warhead (4) is the impact detonator.
  9. Munition (2) in the form of an air-burst munition, with a warhead (4),
    characterized in that
    the warhead (4) is a warhead (4) according to one of Claims 5 to 7.
EP17805106.6A 2016-12-16 2017-11-29 Munition module, warhead, and munition Active EP3555556B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17805106T PL3555556T3 (en) 2016-12-16 2017-11-29 Munition module, warhead, and munition

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016015042.4A DE102016015042B4 (en) 2016-12-16 2016-12-16 Ammunition module, warhead and ammunition
PCT/EP2017/001391 WO2018108308A1 (en) 2016-12-16 2017-11-29 Munition module, warhead, and munition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3555556A1 EP3555556A1 (en) 2019-10-23
EP3555556B1 true EP3555556B1 (en) 2021-12-29

Family

ID=60484325

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17805106.6A Active EP3555556B1 (en) 2016-12-16 2017-11-29 Munition module, warhead, and munition

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US10845176B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3555556B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102016015042B4 (en)
ES (1) ES2906354T3 (en)
PL (1) PL3555556T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2018108308A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201903447B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020129200A1 (en) 2020-11-05 2022-05-05 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh pyrotechnic item
CN113800992B (en) * 2021-10-27 2023-03-21 中北大学 Low-ignition-energy miniature impact sheet detonator

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3555556A1 (en) 2019-10-23
US10845176B2 (en) 2020-11-24
WO2018108308A1 (en) 2018-06-21
ZA201903447B (en) 2020-02-26
PL3555556T3 (en) 2022-04-19
DE102016015042A1 (en) 2018-06-21
ES2906354T3 (en) 2022-04-18
US20190316890A1 (en) 2019-10-17
DE102016015042B4 (en) 2018-08-23

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