EP3495584A1 - Frame for construction element, construction element comprising such a frame and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a skeleton (1) for a construction element, the skeleton comprising a honeycomb structure (2) extending longitudinally along a longitudinal axis (X), said structure comprising section cavities having a normal axis (Y). orthogonal to the longitudinal axis.The invention also relates to a construction element comprising such a skeleton and a method of producing such a construction element.

Description

The invention relates to a skeleton for a construction element.

The invention also relates to a construction element comprising such a skeleton. The construction element is for example a structure (bridge, tunnel, dock, dike ...) or a roadway or a portion of roadway or a road joint and / or engineering structure.

The invention also relates to a method of producing an associated building element.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Structures are constructions of important dimensions such as bridges, tunnels, wharves, dikes ... presenting by their dimensions cuts at the junction between the various elements constituting them. In order to fill these junctions and thus ensure a continuity of the outer coating of the structure considered due to the expansion of the various materials used, it is known to arrange joints at said junctions.

Depending on the intended applications, different types of joints can be used.

Thus, the normal-coated apparent joints comprise a sheet arranged at the seal void so as to form a reservoir, which tank is filled with a sealant. A standard bitumen then covers the whole.

Also known are improved coated seals comprising a bridging plate arranged to cover the joint gap, said plate being covered with a special coating generally consisting of a mixture of binder and granules.

Such apparent improved-coated joints have a blast capacity which is larger than the normal-coated exposed joints (being recalled that a "breath" of a joint corresponds to the variation of dimensions that the joint can take relative to its initial position at the moment of its installation for example when the joint is dilated, from the breath one can thus estimate the relative displacement maximum allowed between two elements that the joint connects so that the seal can fulfill its function of continuity between said two elements).

Nevertheless the available breath remains limited even with the apparent joints with improved coating.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

An object of the invention is to provide a solution for a building element to have better properties especially in terms of wear resistance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In order to achieve this goal, a skeleton for a construction element is proposed, the skeleton comprising a honeycomb structure extending longitudinally along a longitudinal axis, said structure comprising polygonal section cells having for normal an orthogonal axis to the longitudinal axis.

In this way, the cells allow the skeleton to be able to more easily accompany the deformation of the building element due for example to the expansion of the constituent materials. Thus, the invention makes it easier to support deformations of a construction element in which the skeleton is arranged.

Advantageously, the skeleton, and thus the associated construction element, has a relatively high rigidity along the axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis due to the particular arrangement of the cells. This makes it possible to have a construction element which is more resistant, for example to the passage of vehicles traveling on said building element. This also limits creep and rutting of said element.

The invention therefore makes it possible to have a building element having good properties, especially mechanical properties.

In particular, at least two cells have sections of different shapes.

In particular, the structure is rubber.

In particular, the structure comprises at least two rows of cells.

In particular, at least one cell has a hexagonal section.

In particular, the cell has an irregular hexagonal section.

In particular, the cell has a flattened hexagon section.

In particular, at least two cells are separated by another cell of different shape from those of said two cells.

In particular, the structure comprises at least one arm extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of said structure.

In particular, the skeleton comprises at least one reinforcing element of the structure.

The invention also relates to a construction element comprising a skeleton as mentioned above.

Thanks to the skeleton, it ensures in particular a better homogeneity of the coating of the building element in time and seasons.

• poser le squelette dans une réservation de l'élément de construction,
• remplir la réservation d'un matériau de remplissage.

The invention also relates to a method for producing a construction element comprising the following steps:

• put the skeleton in a reservation of the building element,
• fill the reservation with a filling material.

In particular, the filling material comprises aggregates coated with bitumen.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description of a particular non-limiting embodiment of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

• la figure 1 est une vue en trois dimensions d'un squelette selon un premier mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention,
• les figures 2a à 2d illustrent les différentes étapes de réalisation d'un joint comprenant le squelette illustré à la figure 1 ;
• la figure 3 est une vue de dessus d'un squelette selon une variante du premier mode de réalisation ;
• la figure 4 est une vue de dessus d'un squelette selon un deuxième mode de réalisation.

The invention will be better understood in the light of the description which follows with reference to the appended figures in which:

• the figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of a skeleton according to a first particular embodiment of the invention,
• the Figures 2a to 2d illustrate the various steps of making a joint comprising the skeleton illustrated in FIG. figure 1 ;
• the figure 3 is a top view of a skeleton according to a variant of the first embodiment;
• the figure 4 is a top view of a skeleton according to a second embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PARTICULAR EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

With reference to the figure 1 a skeleton according to a particular embodiment of the invention will now be described. As we will see below, the skeleton is used here in a joint of a structure of art such as a bridge, a tunnel, a quay, a dike ...

The skeleton, generally designated 1, comprises a honeycomb structure 2.

The structure 2 is in an elastically deformable material. Preferably, said structure 2 is made of natural rubber or synthetic rubber. Said structure 2 is for example vulcanized rubber.

The structure 2 extends longitudinally along a longitudinal axis X. Said structure 2 comprises cavities 3 (only one of which is referenced here) of section having for normal a second axis Y perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X.

In particular, the structure 2 comprises at least two rows of cells 3, the rows being parallel to each other and to the longitudinal axis X. Each row thus comprises a succession, along the longitudinal axis X, of cells 3.

Here, the structure 2 comprises two rows of cells 3. According to a particular embodiment, the two rows are identical to each other. Typically, each row comprises a first type of cells 3 and a second type of cells 4.

The first cells 3 are typically of polygonal sections (section having for normal the second axis Y). The first cells 3 are all identical to each other here between two different rows. The first cells 3 have for example a section (having for normal second axis Y) shaped irregular hexagon.

The first cells 3 thus have two opposite faces of longer length than those of the other four faces. Said faces of greater length extend parallel to the longitudinal axis X. The other four faces are of identical length.

The first cells 3 are thus substantially shaped into flattened hexagonal prisms along a third axis Z, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X and the second axis Y.

There is thus a relatively rigid structure along the second axis Y while being relatively deformable in a plane of normal said second axis Y. The structure is more particularly deformable along the third axis Z.

In particular, the first cells 3 of the same row are not contiguous. The first cells 3 of the same row are thus separated from each other by the same distance (along the longitudinal axis X).

The structure 2 thus has between two cells 3 of the same row, a cell 4 of the second type (only one of which is referenced here) which is here substantially hourglass-shaped. The different second cells 4 are all identical to each other here between two different rows.

According to a particular embodiment, each first cell 3 of the first row is aligned (along the third axis Z) with a first cell 3 of the respective second row, and correspondingly each second cell 4 of the first row is aligned ( along the third axis Z) with a second respective cell 4 of the second row.

Of course, depending on the length of the skeleton 1 necessary according to the intended application, the first cells 3 and / or the second cells 4 of the ends of the skeleton 1 (along the longitudinal axis X) may be whole or cut.

In particular, the rows of the first cells 3 are bordered externally by a first longitudinal arm 5 and a second longitudinal arm 6 of the structure 2, the first arm 5 and the second arm 6 both extending parallel to the longitudinal axis X.

These two arms 6, 7 make it possible to stiffen the structure 2 along the longitudinal axis X while allowing the transverse deformation along the third axis Z of the skeleton 1.

According to a particular embodiment, the structure 2 also comprises a central longitudinal arm 7 separating the two rows of cells. Said central arm 7 is here parallel to the two arms 5, 6 and extends along the longitudinal axis X.

This makes it possible to further stiffen the skeleton 1.

Note that in the present case, the different arms form faces of the cells 3, 4 (in this case the two faces of the first cells 3 of the largest length).

The central arm 7 and the two arms 5, 6 constitute the thickest parts of the structure 2.

The rest of the structure 2 has the same thickness less than that of the arms 5, 6, 7.

Said thickness of the rest of the structure 2 is between 20 and 100 millimeters and preferably between 50 and 70 millimeters. For example, said thickness is substantially 60 millimeters.

The thickness of the arms 5, 6, 7 is here at least greater than 60 millimeters.

Preferably, the skeleton 1 comprises at least one reinforcing element of the structure 2.

Preferably, the reinforcing element or elements extend parallel to the longitudinal axis X.

This makes it possible to stiffen the skeleton 1 along the longitudinal axis X while allowing transverse deformation along the third axis Z of the skeleton 1.

The reinforcing element or elements are made of metal and for example steel.

Typically, the skeleton 1 comprises one or more reinforcement elements entirely embedded in the structure 2.

For example, each reinforcing element is shaped as a bar arranged inside the structure 2. For example, the skeleton 1 comprises a first bar extending in the first arm 5, a second bar extending in the second arm 6 and a central bar extending in the central arm 7 (the various bars are here not visible because embedded in the arms of the structure 2).

Advantageously, the reinforcement elements are inserted into the thickest parts of the structure 2.

Preferably, the skeleton 1 comprises openings in the structure 2 for the passage of means for fixing the skeleton 1 as we shall see later.

Said openings are in the form of an orifice and / or a recess.

In particular, the skeleton 1 comprises here only recesses 8 formed in the first arm 5 and the second arm 6 at regular intervals (or not) so that the recesses 8 of the first arm 5 are aligned respectively with one of the recesses of the second arm 6. Typically the skeleton 1 comprises a recess 8 substantially at the center of a face of each cell 3, 4 formed by the arm. Each recess 8 thus forms a housing in the associated arm. The housings 8 here have a substantially parallelepiped shape.

It should be noted that the means for fixing the skeleton 1 are arranged at the level of the arms 5, 6 of the structure 2, or at the level of the thickest parts of the structure.

With reference to Figures 2a to 2d a method of making the seal 12 from such a skeleton 1 will now be described.

With reference to the figure 2a for a work of art already made, said work of art 10 is hollowed over the joint gap to form a reservation 11.

The skeleton 1 is then placed in said reservation 11 above the seal gap. Of course, we dig enough to be able to arrange the skeleton 2 in reservation 11 without it exceeding said reservation 11.

It should be noted that the skeleton 1 does not rely here directly on the joint gap but on a layer of bitumen, concrete, binder ... or any other material such as for example a bridging plate made of metallic material itself. plumb of joint vacuum. Preferably, it is preferred not to directly pose the skeleton 1 on the bridging plate but on a layer of material (bitumen, concrete, binder, etc.) already covering said bridging.

In this position, the skeleton 1 thus extends transversely to the structure 10. The third axis Z of the skeleton 1 corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the structure 10.

There is thus a relatively rigid structure 2 along the second axis Y while being relatively deformable in particular along the third axis Z.

This makes it possible to reinforce the rigidity of the seal 12 equipped with such a skeleton 1 along the second axis Y while facilitating a deformation of the seal 12 in particular along the third axis Z.

The largest deformation component between two elements of a structure 10 generally being in the longitudinal direction of said structure 10, the facilitated deformation of the seal 12 along the third axis Z is therefore particularly important.

Furthermore, the rigidity of the seal 12 along the second axis Y allows the seal 12 to be more resistant to the passage of vehicles traveling on the structure 10. This also limits creep and rutting of the seal 12 .

Once laid, the skeleton 1 extends substantially in a horizontal plane and the second axis Y extends substantially vertically.

It is noted that the skeleton 1 is then secured to the reservation 11 by fastening means such as for example using piles sometimes called sticks C.

Said sticks C typically comprise a rod (threaded or not) extended by a hook: the rods are driven into the structure 10 beyond the reservation (typically in holes made for this purpose) and the hooks are s press the skeleton 1 recesses so as to press the skeleton 1 against the bottom of the reservation. Each hook thus surrounds the associated arm of the skeleton 1. It is possible to seal the stems of the butts C at the reservation for example by hydraulic mortar or by chemical sealing.

In particular, the distance separating two sticks C (along the first axis X) can vary along the skeleton 1.

We thus have the skeleton 1 secured at its two arms 5, 6 to respective opposite sides delimiting the seal gap.

This makes it possible to secure the skeleton 1 to the structure 10 so that it follows more easily displacements, especially spaced between the two elements defining the seal gap.

With reference to the figure 2b the skeleton 1 and the reservation 11 are then covered with a filling material 13. The filling material 13 is for example composed of aggregates, and preferably aggregates coated with bitumen, such as in particular, although not exclusively, modified bitumen. by a polymer (such as an elastomer).

We thus fill the cells 3 and 4 of the structure 2.

With reference to the Figure 2c a hydrocarbon binder 14 is poured over the above aggregates, and preferably a bituminous binder (modified or not by a polymer such as an elastomer).

This completes filling the reservation 11 and allows, once the binder 14 has cooled, to create a special coating block above the seal gap. The seal 12 thus created is an improved coated joint.

With reference to the figure 2d and, if necessary, a finishing layer 15 is created on said special coating block to ensure the most complete continuity possible between the various elements of the structure 10 which the seal 12 connects. This topcoat 15 is for example created from a hydrocarbon binder sprinkled with micro-granulates.

The seal 12 has thus been created simply and quickly.

In addition, the skeleton 1 used is easily adaptable to joints 12 already existing and should be renovated. Indeed, it is sufficient on site to cut the skeleton 1 to the right length (along the longitudinal axis X) and dig the reservation 11 to the right depth (along the second axis Y) to arrange the skeleton 1 in any type of booking. In the same way, such a skeleton 1 can be used in half-pavements and without discontinuity between the two semi-shores considered.

Of course, the skeleton 1 used is also quite suitable for new structures.

In addition, because of the rubber material of the skeleton 1, there is good adhesion between the skeleton 1 and the remainder of the seal 12.

This also allows to have a seal 12 quieter.

There is thus a seal 12 having good mechanical characteristics.

The seal 12 has for example a breath that can go beyond 60 millimeters.

Naturally, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and alternative embodiments can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

Thus, although here the skeleton has been applied to an improved coated joint, the skeleton can be associated with other types of joint such as a normal coated joint or an improved coated joint. The joint may have a different wind than what has been indicated. In addition, the skeleton may be associated with joints requiring highly variable blasts. The skeleton may well be associated with joints requiring a blast equal to zero that joints requiring a larger breath, the skeleton can be associated with joints requiring breaths greater than 60 millimeters.

In the same way, we can use the skeleton for other types of works of art (bridge, tunnel, dike, dock ...) than what has been indicated.

In addition, the skeleton can be used for other building elements that a work of art such as a roadway. The method of implementation of the skeleton will for example be identical to that described above for a seal. For example, it will be possible to arrange the skeleton in a roadway on which public transport (bus, tramway, train, etc.) or individual transport (cars, trucks, two-wheelers, etc.) can be arranged. In particular, it will be possible to arrange the skeleton in the roadway in areas particularly exposed to strong constraints such as parking areas, stopping areas, level crossings, intersections, areas near traffic lights ... non-limiting examples, it will be possible to arrange the skeleton in bus lanes, stops before level crossings, areas of bus stops, bus parking areas ...

The thickness of the structure 2 may be different from what has been indicated (whether the structure has a uniform thickness or not). The thickness of the structure 2 may thus be between 10 and 100 millimeters and for example between 30 and 60 millimeters.

In the same way, the honeycomb structure may take another form than that indicated and for example have a different number of rows of cells and / or a different shape of cells. The honeycomb structure may for example comprise a single row. The cells may be contiguous within the same row and / or be shifted from one row to another. Within the same structure, it will be possible to have cells of different shape and / or size. The structure may for example be in the form of honeycombs. One or more cells may have a section in the form of pentagon, regular hexagon ... The honeycomb structure may not have arms.

So, in the variant of the figure 3 , is represented a skeleton of the type of that of the figure 1 but whose angles of the cells 3, 4 have been rounded. The skeleton further comprises three rows of cells, the rows being separated in pairs by a central arm 7.

In the second embodiment shown in figure 4 , the cavities 3 all have the same shape, namely a chevron shape delimited, along the length of the row, by two V-shaped parts connecting the arm 6 to the arm 7. The cells 3 of a row here all extend in the same direction, this sense being opposite to that of the cells 3 of the adjacent row. The cells 3 of a row are furthermore positioned relative to the cells 3 of the adjacent row in such a way that the parts in V separating two by two the cells 3 of a row extend in the extension of the V parts separating in pairs the cells 3 of the adjacent row. Alternatively, it can be provided that the cells 3 of a row are offset relative to the cells 3 of the adjacent row and / or that the cells 3 of two adjacent rows extend in the same direction.

The arm 7 has a rectilinear shape here, but it could have a zig-zag or wavy shape.

The skeleton may not have a reinforcing element. The skeleton may not have a metal reinforcing element.

The skeleton may not be secured to the reservation. For example if the skeleton is associated with a joint, the skeleton may not be secured to the reservation including, although not exclusively, when the blast of the seal may be less than or equal to substantially 20 millimeters (which depends on the intended applications) . The skeleton can be secured to the reservation otherwise than by sticks such as with the help of rods passing through the skeleton or with the help of threaded rods.

Although here the skeleton is arranged on an existing structure or roadway, the skeleton can be arranged on a structure or roadway under construction. The building element may comprise a single skeleton as described above or two or more skeletons that will be juxtaposed or not, in the direction of the width or length or height of the building element.

Claims (15)

Skeleton for a construction element, the skeleton comprising a honeycomb structure (2) extending longitudinally along a longitudinal axis (X), said structure comprising cavities (3) of polygonal cross-section having for normal an axis (Y) orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. Skeleton according to claim 1, wherein at least two cells have sections of different shapes. Skeleton according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the structure (2) is rubber. Skeleton according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the structure (2) comprises at least two rows of cells. Skeleton according to claim 4, wherein the two rows of cells are separated from each other by a central arm (7) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (X) of said structure. Skeleton according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one cell (3) has a hexagonal section. Skeleton according to claim 6, wherein the cell (3) has an irregular hexagonal section. Skeleton according to claim 7, wherein the cell (3) has a flattened hexagon section. Skeleton according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two cells (3) are separated by another cell (4) of different shape from those of said two cells. Skeleton according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the structure (2) comprises at least an arm (5, 6, 7) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (X) of said structure. Skeleton according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one reinforcement element of the structure. Construction element, the construction element comprising at least one backbone according to one of claims 1 to 11. Element according to claim 12, arranged to form a road joint. A method of producing a construction element according to claim 12, comprising the steps of: placing the skeleton in a reservation (11) of the construction element, - fill the reservation of a filling material (13). The method of claim 14, wherein the filler material comprises aggregates coated with bitumen.

Images