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EP3445480B1 - Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous substances - Google Patents

Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous substances Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3445480B1
EP3445480B1 EP17721969.8A EP17721969A EP3445480B1 EP 3445480 B1 EP3445480 B1 EP 3445480B1 EP 17721969 A EP17721969 A EP 17721969A EP 3445480 B1 EP3445480 B1 EP 3445480B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screw
metering
stirrer
trough
region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17721969.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3445480A1 (en
Inventor
Norbert Marek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BRABENDER TECHNOLOGIE & Co KG GmbH
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Brabender Technologie & Co KG GmbH
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Publication of EP3445480A1 publication Critical patent/EP3445480A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/60—Mixing solids with solids
    • B01F23/64—Mixing solids with solids using rotatable mixing elements at the lower end of discharge hoppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/50—Mixing receptacles
    • B01F35/53—Mixing receptacles characterised by the configuration of the interior, e.g. baffles for facilitating the mixing of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
    • B01F35/754—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer
    • B01F35/75455—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer using a rotary discharge means, e.g. a screw beneath the receptacle
    • B01F35/754551—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer using a rotary discharge means, e.g. a screw beneath the receptacle using helical screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/80—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed
    • B01F35/892—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed for solid materials, e.g. using belts, vibrations, hoppers with variable outlets or hoppers with rotating elements, e.g. screws, at their outlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for metering solids, in particular fibrous substances such as natural fibers, glass fibers or carbon fibers, but also, above all, for metering recyclates such as edge trimmings in film extrusion, recycling of valuable materials, etc. up to powders, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • fibrous materials are natural and artificial long fibers (1 to 50 mm in length), scrim or fabric pieces, pressed mats (pieces), recycled materials, e.g. B. fiber-reinforced plastic recyclate.
  • the device should also be suitable for dosing other materials (powder, granules, fruit pieces).
  • the dosing of fiber materials, especially natural fibers, but also of other fibers and fiber-containing solids can lead to technical problems.
  • the fibers agglomerate easily and form balls that are very difficult to separate. It is therefore known in the prior art to use shredders or means for vibration to facilitate metering in order to bring the fiber product into the area of the metering screw, with which it is then conveyed to the outside.
  • Non-flowable materials do not get from the template to the discharge device and the discharge opening.
  • the fibrous materials agglomerate and the agglomerates cause an irregular flow of material.
  • the fiber lengths can be damaged or shortened.
  • further processing of the shortened fibers can lead to the production of rejects.
  • a device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from the US 3,529,870 known. However, there are differences in the following characteristics: A trough-shaped interior with sloping, flat walls is provided below the stirrer shaft and above the dosing screw. This arrangement means that the space adjoining this trough with sloping, flat walls above the stirrer shaft contains considerable dead spaces that are not detected by the stirrer. Because of the inclined trough walls and the large number of dead spaces, bridging can occur. To avoid this, a so-called "jogger” (loosener) is provided above the stirrer, which is expressly attached to avoid bridging.
  • the dosing screw has no teeth. A height adjustment of the dosing screw is not recognizable.
  • the outlet is horizontal here and is made with compressed air. There is no central axial cavity at the end of the dosing screw.
  • Object of the invention With a device for metering solids, in particular fibrous substances such as natural fibers, glass fibers or carbon fibers, but also especially for the metering of recyclates such as edge trimming in film extrusion, recycling of valuable materials, etc. up to powders, according to the preamble of claim 1, a problem-free and uniform metering of fibers and fiber-containing material with fiber lengths of more than 10 mm by means of forced filling of the metering screw and can be achieved with residue-free funding without bridging, without having to use additional technical means such as looseners ("joggers").
  • looseners looseners
  • the problem is solved according to the invention with the stirrer, the use of a metering screw with teeth as a discharge element and the asymmetrical design of the agitator trough, the partially cylindrical design of the screw trough and the lateral filling of the metering screw via a slide, and by the semi-cylindrical shape of the central area (II) of the Dosing room.
  • the central area (II) of the metering space is designed as a semi-cylindrical trough, no dead spaces are formed there. Corners and edges where material that is not being conveyed can accumulate are also missing - unlike in the prior art.
  • a uniform conveyance on the side of the dosing chamber on which the dosing screw is filled, without obstacles such as recesses, is achieved in that the chute (13) is formed by the inclined plane, which is tangential to both the walls of the agitator trough (4) and also on the walls of the Snail trough (11) is present. Therefore, no residues of the fiber material remain in the feed path to the dosing screw.
  • the dosing screw (5) has teeth (23) on its outer circumference, agglomerates that arise, such as balls wrapped around the stirrer, are separated in a manner that is gentle on the material and a continuous discharge is made possible.
  • An essential difference of the fiber dosing device according to the invention in comparison to the references is the shape of the dosing space, namely:
  • the middle area of the dosing chamber, namely between the horizontal plane in which the stirrer shaft (3) lies and the horizontal plane directly above the dosing screw (5) is designed as a semi-cylindrical trough. The area swept by the impellers completely fills this area.
  • the area above this middle area i.e. above the stirrer shaft, has vertical walls.
  • the vertical walls directly adjoin the upper edge of the semi-cylindrical trough. Due to the shape of the central area, there is no bridging in this upper area and a "jogger" as in the US 3,529,870 is not necessary.
  • the lowest area, namely the partially cylindrical screw trough, is designed asymmetrically, with a free space (14) only on the side into which the stirrer is conveying.
  • the semi-cylindrical interior between the stirrer shaft (3) and the dosing screw is particularly important, which is symmetrical except for a small area that adjoins the free space (14) on the dosing screw.
  • the semi-cylindrical shape means that the interior of the device according to the invention is made considerably more compact. The many empty rooms are missing here as in the US 3,529,870 that favor bridging.
  • the teeth (23) are designed in such a way that fibrous substances are drawn out of the chute (13) into the dosing screw (5) without damaging or dissolving the fibrous substances.
  • the teeth (23), which are attached to the outer circumference of the dosing screw (5) have a shape like the tilting vibrations in the electronics. This means that the flank lying in front in the direction of movement drops steeply, the flank lying in the direction of movement falls flatly.
  • the opening roller mentioned, however, is not designed to feed the material into the screw.
  • the invention is adjusted to forced conveyance in the conveying of fibers (agitator, metering screw, speeds).
  • the invention is set as usual, that is to say without forced conveyance.
  • the synergistic interaction of active and passive flow support ensures continuous screw filling. There is a dwell time distribution.
  • the flow support is achieved actively by the stirrer (3) and passively by the design of the troughs and the chute (13) with the large lateral area.
  • the separation of agglomerates is made possible by a special discharge device.
  • the discharge device consists of a dosing screw (5). It is provided with teeth according to the invention.
  • the discharge can optionally be optimized with a rotating impeller (7).
  • the impeller is driven either by a vertical outlet with a drive or by a second shaft inside the dosing screw (5).
  • the conveying principle is based on pressing the incoming fibers onto the fibers in the chute.
  • the stirrer (3) presses the fibers into the side feed area of the dosing screw via the chute.
  • the dosing device can be adjusted according to different fiber lengths of the material to be dosed, in particular by means of the height adjustment of the dosing screw.
  • the distance between the stirrer and the dosing screw can be adjusted with the optional height adjustment. This enables the optimum distance between the stirrer and the dosing screw, depending on the dosing material, to be set.
  • the dosing screw consists of a shaft (also called a soul) and the screw blades (spiral).
  • the soul does not run over the entire helix length.
  • the soul ends in front of the screw tube (or discharge tube).
  • the cavity serves to reduce the material pressure in the screw tube by compression is caused.
  • the cavity is also required for the connection of the optional ejection support (impeller 7).
  • Step 1 The material to be dosed is fed into the add-on container (1a) or the asymmetrical agitator trough (4) manually or using upstream process technology.
  • Step 2 The material is picked up by the relatively slow rotating stirrer (3). Either the material falls into the empty space (14) or it already expresses it in that Room (14) existing material in the direction of the feed area and it is then drawn in through the teeth.
  • Step 3 The teeth (23) on the dosing screw (5) are able to separate agglomerates and thus ensure better filling of the dosing screw (5).
  • the material is conveyed in the axial direction through the screw tube to the end of the screw (16).
  • Step 4 The optional impeller (7) rotates at the discharge and supports the separation of agglomerates.
  • the impeller (7) rotates in the direction of rotation (20) of the dosing screw (5) and at a higher speed than the dosing screw (5).
  • the teeth (23) capture individual fibers (24) of the fiber ball and separate them.
  • the fibers (24) are pressed into the chute (13) via the stirrer. Subsequent material pushes the material in the chute towards the discharge element.
  • the side and large intake area and the teeth of the dosing screw ensure that it is optimally filled.
  • the height adjustment of the dosing screw can be used to improve the filling level of the dosing screw.
  • Another way to optimize the dosing screw filling level is to set the ratio between the dosing screw speed and the stirrer speed.
  • the above-mentioned materials to be dosed are the focus of particularly innovative industries, such as B. the automotive industry, the aerospace and defense industries.
  • the invention enables, among other things, the development of new fiber composite materials. It can also be used to advantage in recycled processes for fiber composites, since it is able to dose high-priced cut waste from fabric mats. The invention is therefore of great importance for the high-tech industry.
  • An asymmetrical trough 4 with a free space (14) is provided, with no dead spaces in the dosing space below the stirrer shaft (18), except in the area of the dosing screw (space (14)).
  • the dosing chamber has a rectangular cross section and vertical walls above the stirrer shaft (18).
  • a semi-cylindrical screw trough is provided below the stirrer shaft (18) and above the metering screw (5), which is adapted to the rotating arms of the stirrer shaft (18). In other words, the space swept by the stirrer blades (8) completely fills this area of the metering interior.
  • the asymmetry is essentially only provided in the area of the metering screw (5). This means that the area of the metering screw below the stirrer is asymmetrical and has a free space (14) on the side into which the stirrer is conveying.
  • the stirrer (3) has such a direction of rotation (19) so that the product is first conveyed downwards into the space (14) and only then to the metering screw (5).
  • the impellers (8) are wire-shaped.
  • a vertical outlet (15) with a drive and an impeller (7) is provided, the impeller (7) rotating faster than the metering screw (5).
  • a central axial cavity is also provided at the end of the metering screw.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Dosierung von Feststoffen, insbesondere faserigen Stoffen wie Naturfasern, Glasfasern oder Kohlefasern, aber auch vor allem zur Dosierung von Recyclaten wie Randbeschnitten bei Folienextrusion, Wertstoffrecycling, usw. bis hin zu Pulvern, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for metering solids, in particular fibrous substances such as natural fibers, glass fibers or carbon fibers, but also, above all, for metering recyclates such as edge trimmings in film extrusion, recycling of valuable materials, etc. up to powders, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Beispiele für faserige Materialien sind natürliche und künstliche Langfasern (1 bis 50 mm Länge), Gelege- oder Gewebestücke, gepresste Matten (Stücke), Recyclatmaterialien, z. B. faserverstärktes Kunststoff-Recyclat.Examples of fibrous materials are natural and artificial long fibers (1 to 50 mm in length), scrim or fabric pieces, pressed mats (pieces), recycled materials, e.g. B. fiber-reinforced plastic recyclate.

Die Vorrichtung soll aber auch zum Dosieren von anderen Materialien (Pulver, Granulate, Fruchtstücke) geeignet sein.The device should also be suitable for dosing other materials (powder, granules, fruit pieces).

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Das Dosieren von Fasermaterialien, insbesondere Naturfasern, aber auch von anderen Fasern und faserhaltigen Feststoffen kann zu technischen Problemen führen. Die Fasern agglomerieren nämlich leicht und bilden Knäuel, die nur sehr schwer wieder vereinzelt werden können. Daher ist es im Stand der Technik bekannt, zur Erleichterung der Dosierung Zerkleinerer oder Mittel zur Vibration einzusetzen, um das Faserprodukt in den Bereich der Dosierschnecke zu bringen, mit welcher es dann nach außen gefördert wird.The dosing of fiber materials, especially natural fibers, but also of other fibers and fiber-containing solids can lead to technical problems. The fibers agglomerate easily and form balls that are very difficult to separate. It is therefore known in the prior art to use shredders or means for vibration to facilitate metering in order to bring the fiber product into the area of the metering screw, with which it is then conveyed to the outside.

Vor allem lange Fasern mit einer Faserlänge von mehr als 10 mm führen zu Schwierigkeiten beim Dosieren mit Dosierschnecken. Dies gilt insbesondere für nachwachsende Rohstoffe, also für Naturfasern. Aber auch Recyclingprodukte, z. B. hergestellt aus glaserfaserverstärkten Kunststoffen sind aus diesem Grunde sehr schwer dosierbar.Especially long fibers with a fiber length of more than 10 mm lead to difficulties when dosing with dosing screws. This applies in particular to renewable raw materials, i.e. natural fibers. But also recycling products, e.g. B. made of glass fiber reinforced plastics are very difficult to dose for this reason.

Bislang verfügbare Feststoffdosierer lösen folgende Probleme nur unzureichend. Nicht fließfähige Materialien gelangen nicht von der Vorlage zum Austragsorgan und zur Austragsöffnung. Die faserigen Materialien agglomerieren und die Agglomerate verursachen einen unregelmäßigen Materialfluss. Bei dem Vereinzeln der Agglomerate kann es zu Beschädigungen bzw. zu einem Verkürzen der Faserlängen kommen. Die Weiterverarbeitung der verkürzten Fasern kann je nach Anwendung zur Produktion von Ausschussware führen.Solid dispensers available so far only insufficiently solve the following problems. Non-flowable materials do not get from the template to the discharge device and the discharge opening. The fibrous materials agglomerate and the agglomerates cause an irregular flow of material. When the agglomerates are separated, the fiber lengths can be damaged or shortened. Depending on the application, further processing of the shortened fibers can lead to the production of rejects.

Bekannte Feststoffdosiergeräte sind stark limitiert hinsichtlich der spezifischen Maße (Faserlängen) des zu dosierenden faserigen Materials und bedingen, dass die spezifischen Maße gleich bleiben.Known solid dosing devices are very limited with regard to the specific dimensions (fiber lengths) of the fibrous material to be dosed and require that the specific dimensions remain the same.

Aufgrund dieser Probleme gibt es für einige faserige Materialien, insbesondere Fasern mit Längen von mehr als 10 mm noch kein geeignetes Feststoffdosiergerät im Stand der Technik.Because of these problems, there is still no suitable solid-state metering device in the prior art for some fibrous materials, in particular fibers with lengths of more than 10 mm.

Eine Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist aus der US 3 529 870 A bekannt. Unterschiede gibt es aber bei folgenden Merkmalen:
Unterhalb der Rührerwelle und oberhalb der Dosierschnecke ist ein trogförmiger Innenraum mit schrägen, ebenen Wänden vorgesehen. Diese Anordnung führt dazu, dass der sich an diesen Trog mit schrägen, ebenen Wänden anschließende Raum oberhalb der Rührerwelle erhebliche Toträume enthält, die vom Rührer nicht erfasst werden. Unter anderem auch aufgrund der schrägen Trogwände und der Vielzahl von Toträumen kann es daher zu Brückenbildung kommen. Um dies zu vermeiden, ist oberhalb des Rührers ein so genannter "Jogger" (Auflockerer) vorgesehen, der ausdrücklich zur Vermeidung von Brückenbildung angebracht ist.A device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from the US 3,529,870 known. However, there are differences in the following characteristics:
A trough-shaped interior with sloping, flat walls is provided below the stirrer shaft and above the dosing screw. This arrangement means that the space adjoining this trough with sloping, flat walls above the stirrer shaft contains considerable dead spaces that are not detected by the stirrer. Because of the inclined trough walls and the large number of dead spaces, bridging can occur. To avoid this, a so-called "jogger" (loosener) is provided above the stirrer, which is expressly attached to avoid bridging.

Die Asymmetrie findet sich in der US 3 529 870 A nicht nur im Bereich der Dosierschnecke, sondern insbesondere auch im Bereich zwischen der Rührerwelle und der Dosierschneckenwelle.The asymmetry is found in the US 3,529,870 not only in the area of the dosing screw, but in particular also in the area between the stirrer shaft and the dosing screw shaft.

Weitere Unterschiede: Die Dosierschnecke weist keine Zähne auf. Eine Höhenverstellung der Dosierschnecke ist nicht erkennbar. Der Auslauf ist hier horizontal und erfolgt mit Pressluft. Ein zentraler axialer Hohlraum am Ende der Dosierschnecke ist nicht vorhanden.Other differences: The dosing screw has no teeth. A height adjustment of the dosing screw is not recognizable. The outlet is horizontal here and is made with compressed air. There is no central axial cavity at the end of the dosing screw.

In der DE 41 24 714 A1 ist offenbart, dass zum Herauslösen von Einzelfasern aus einem Faserband Sägezähne oder Nadeln auf einer Auflösewalzenoberfläche in Form einer spiralförmigen Aufwicklung angeordnet sind.In the DE 41 24 714 A1 It is disclosed that saw teeth or needles are arranged on a surface of the opening roller in the form of a spiral winding for removing individual fibers from a fiber band.

Aufgabe und Lösung der ErfindungObject and solution of the invention

Aufgabe der Erfindung: Mit einer Vorrichtung zur Dosierung von Feststoffen, insbesondere faserigen Stoffen wie Naturfasern, Glasfasern oder Kohlefasern, aber auch vor allem zur Dosierung von Recyclaten wie Randbeschnitten bei Folienextrusion, Wertstoffrecycling, usw. bis hin zu Pulvern, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 soll eine problemlose und gleichmäßige Dosierung von Fasern und faserhaltigem Material mit Faserlängen von mehr als 10 mm mittels Zwangsbefüllung der Dosierschnecke und mit einer rückstandslosen Förderung ohne Brückenbildung erreicht werden, ohne dass zusätzliche technische Mittel wie Auflockerer ("Jogger") eingesetzt werden müssten.Object of the invention: With a device for metering solids, in particular fibrous substances such as natural fibers, glass fibers or carbon fibers, but also especially for the metering of recyclates such as edge trimming in film extrusion, recycling of valuable materials, etc. up to powders, according to the preamble of claim 1, a problem-free and uniform metering of fibers and fiber-containing material with fiber lengths of more than 10 mm by means of forced filling of the metering screw and can be achieved with residue-free funding without bridging, without having to use additional technical means such as looseners ("joggers").

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1, nämlich durch eine
Vorrichtung zur Dosierung von Feststoffen,
mit einem Einlass (1) im oberen Bereich,
mit einem Auslass in der Ausführung eines Schneckenrohrs (6) oder eines vertikalen Auslaufs (15) im unteren Bereich,
mit einem unterhalb des Einlasses (1) angeordneten Rührer (3) mit einer horizontal angeordneten Rührer-Welle (18) und mit Rührflügeln (8),
mit einer unterhalb des Rührers (3) angeordneten Dosierschnecke (5) mit einer parallel zur Rührer-Welle (18) angeordneten Drehachse (10),
wobei der Rührer (3) von einem asymmetrischen Rührwerkstrog (4) umgeben ist,
wobei die Dosierschnecke (5) von einem teilzylindrischen Schneckentrog (11) umgeben ist,
wobei der asymmetrische Rührwerkstrog (4) über eine Rutsche (13) an den teilzylindrischen Schneckentrog (11) anschließt,
wobei die Innenwand einer der beiden Anschlussbereiche zwischen dem asymmetrischen Rührwerkstrog (4) und dem teilzylindrischen Schneckentrog (11) als schräge Ebene in Form einer Rutsche (13) ausgebildet ist, so dass ein von den Rührflügeln (8) des Rührers (3) und der Schnecke (5) nicht erfasster Raum (14) sowie ein seitlicher und vergrößerter Einzugsbereich der Dosierschnecke gebildet wird,
wobei der Rührer (3) und die Dosierschnecke (5) zum Rotieren in der gleichen Drehrichtung (19, 20) eingerichtet sind,
wobei die Rührflügel (8) und die Dosierschnecke (5) sich bei der Rotation im Bereich der Rutsche (13) nach unten bewegen,
wobei der Dosierraum in drei Bereiche, die vertikal übereinander liegen, unterteilbar ist,
wobei der obere Bereich (I) oberhalb einer die Rührer-Welle (18) einschließenden horizontalen Ebene liegt,
wobei der mittlere Bereich (II) unterhalb des oberen Bereichs (I) und oberhalb einer horizontalen Ebene liegt, die zwischen den Räumen angeordnet ist, die von den Rührflügeln (8) und der Dosierschnecke (5) überstrichen werden,
wobei der untere Bereich (III) unterhalb des mittleren Bereichs (II) liegt,
wobei der untere Bereich (III) des Dosierraumes als ein teilzylindrischer Trog ausgebildet ist,
wobei der mittlere Bereich (II) und der untere Bereich (III) an der einen Seite unmittelbar aneinander angrenzen, so dass ein Rücksprung (27) gebildet wird,
wobei an der anderen Seite der Übergang zwischen dem mittleren Bereich (II) und dem unteren Bereich (III) durch eine schräge Ebene gebildet wird, die tangential sowohl an den Wänden (26) des Rührwerkstrogs (4) als auch an den Wänden des Schneckentrogs (11) anliegt,
die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist,
dass der mittlere Bereich (II) des Dosierraumes als ein halbzylindrischer Trog ausgebildet ist,
dass die Rutsche (13) durch die schräge Ebene gebildet wird, die tangential sowohl an den Wänden des Rührwerkstrogs (4) als auch an den Wänden des Schneckentrogs (11) anliegt,
dass die Dosierschnecke (5) an ihrem äußeren Umfang Zähne (23) aufweist.This object is achieved by the features of claim 1, namely by a
Device for dosing solids,
with an inlet (1) in the upper area,
with an outlet in the form of a screw tube (6) or a vertical outlet (15) in the lower area,
with a stirrer (3) arranged below the inlet (1) with a horizontally arranged stirrer shaft (18) and with stirring blades (8),
with a metering screw (5) arranged below the stirrer (3) with an axis of rotation (10) arranged parallel to the stirrer shaft (18),
the stirrer (3) being surrounded by an asymmetrical stirrer trough (4),
the dosing screw (5) being surrounded by a partially cylindrical screw trough (11),
the asymmetrical agitator trough (4) connecting to the partially cylindrical screw trough (11) via a slide (13),
The inner wall of one of the two connection areas between the asymmetrical agitator trough (4) and the partially cylindrical screw trough (11) is designed as an inclined plane in the form of a slide (13), so that one of the agitator blades (8) of the stirrer (3) and the A screw (5) not covered space (14) and a lateral and enlarged intake area of the dosing screw is formed,
wherein the stirrer (3) and the dosing screw (5) are set up to rotate in the same direction of rotation (19, 20),
the agitator blades (8) and the metering screw (5) move downward in the area of the slide (13) during rotation,
the dosing space can be divided into three areas that are vertically one above the other,
the upper region (I) being above a horizontal plane including the stirrer shaft (18),
the central region (II) being below the upper region (I) and above a horizontal plane which is arranged between the spaces which are swept by the stirring blades (8) and the metering screw (5),
the lower region (III) being below the middle region (II),
the lower region (III) of the metering space being designed as a partially cylindrical trough,
the middle region (II) and the lower region (III) directly adjoining one another on one side, so that a recess (27) is formed,
on the other side the transition between the central region (II) and the lower region (III) is formed by an inclined plane which is tangential to both the walls (26) of the agitator trough (4) and the walls of the screw trough ( 11) is present
which is characterized by
that the central area (II) of the dosing chamber is designed as a semi-cylindrical trough,
that the chute (13) is formed by the inclined plane which lies tangentially both on the walls of the agitator trough (4) and on the walls of the screw trough (11),
that the dosing screw (5) has teeth (23) on its outer circumference.

Besonders schwierig ist im Stand der Technik das gleichmäßige Befüllen des Austragsorgans. Gelöst wird das Problem erfindungsgemäß mit dem Rührer, der Verwendung einer Dosierschnecke mit Zähnen als Austragsorgan und der asymmetrischen Auslegung des Rührwerkstrogs, der teilzylindrischen Auslegung des Schneckentrogs und der seitlichen Befüllung der Dosierschnecke über eine Rutsche sowie durch die halbzylindrische Form des mittleren Bereichs (II) des Dosierraumes.It is particularly difficult in the prior art to evenly fill the discharge member. The problem is solved according to the invention with the stirrer, the use of a metering screw with teeth as a discharge element and the asymmetrical design of the agitator trough, the partially cylindrical design of the screw trough and the lateral filling of the metering screw via a slide, and by the semi-cylindrical shape of the central area (II) of the Dosing room.

Dadurch, dass der mittlere Bereich (II) des Dosierraumes als ein halbzylindrischer Trog ausgebildet ist, bilden sich dort keine Toträume. Ecken und Kanten, an denen sich nicht gefördertes Material ansammeln kann, fehlen ebenfalls - anders als im Stand der Technik.Because the central area (II) of the metering space is designed as a semi-cylindrical trough, no dead spaces are formed there. Corners and edges where material that is not being conveyed can accumulate are also missing - unlike in the prior art.

Eine gleichmäßige Förderung an derjenigen Seite des Dosierraumes, an der die Dosierschnecke befüllt wird, ohne Hindernisse wie Rücksprünge, wird erreicht dadurch, dass die Rutsche (13) durch die schräge Ebene gebildet wird, die tangential sowohl an den Wänden des Rührwerkstrogs (4) als auch an den Wänden des Schneckentrogs (11) anliegt. Daher verbleiben keine Reste des Fasermaterials im Zuführweg zur Dosierschnecke.A uniform conveyance on the side of the dosing chamber on which the dosing screw is filled, without obstacles such as recesses, is achieved in that the chute (13) is formed by the inclined plane, which is tangential to both the walls of the agitator trough (4) and also on the walls of the Snail trough (11) is present. Therefore, no residues of the fiber material remain in the feed path to the dosing screw.

Dadurch, dass die Dosierschnecke (5) an ihrem äußeren Umfang Zähne (23) aufweist, werden entstehende Agglomerate, wie um den Rührer gewickelte Knäuel, materialschonend vereinzelt und ein kontinuierlicher Austrag wird ermöglicht.Due to the fact that the dosing screw (5) has teeth (23) on its outer circumference, agglomerates that arise, such as balls wrapped around the stirrer, are separated in a manner that is gentle on the material and a continuous discharge is made possible.

Ein wesentlicher Unterschied des erfindungsgemäßen Faserdosierers im Vergleich zu den Entgegenhaltungen ist die Form des Dosierraumes, nämlich:
Der mittlere Bereich des Dosierraumes, nämlich zwischen der horizontalen Ebene, in der die Rührerwelle (3) liegt, und der horizontalen Ebene direkt oberhalb der Dosierschnecke (5) ist als ein halbzylindrischer Trog ausgebildet. Der von den Rührflügeln überstrichene Raum füllt diesen Bereich vollständig aus.An essential difference of the fiber dosing device according to the invention in comparison to the references is the shape of the dosing space, namely:
The middle area of the dosing chamber, namely between the horizontal plane in which the stirrer shaft (3) lies and the horizontal plane directly above the dosing screw (5) is designed as a semi-cylindrical trough. The area swept by the impellers completely fills this area.

Der Bereich oberhalb dieses mittleren Bereiches, also oberhalb der Rührerwelle, hat vertikale Wände. Die vertikalen Wände grenzen unmittelbar an den oberen Rand des halbzylindrischen Trogs an. Aufgrund der Form des mittleren Bereichs findet in diesem oberen Bereich keine Brückenbildung statt und ein "Jogger" wie in der US 3 529 870 A ist nicht notwendig.The area above this middle area, i.e. above the stirrer shaft, has vertical walls. The vertical walls directly adjoin the upper edge of the semi-cylindrical trough. Due to the shape of the central area, there is no bridging in this upper area and a "jogger" as in the US 3,529,870 is not necessary.

Der unterste Bereich, nämlich der teilzylindrische Schneckentrog ist asymmetrisch ausgebildet, mit einem freien Raum (14) nur an derjenigen Seite, in die der Rührer fördert.The lowest area, namely the partially cylindrical screw trough, is designed asymmetrically, with a free space (14) only on the side into which the stirrer is conveying.

Besonders wichtig ist der halbzylindrische Innenraum zwischen der Rührerwelle (3) und der Dosierschnecke, welcher bis auf einen kleinen Bereich, der an den freien Raum (14) an der Dosierschnecke angrenzt, symmetrisch ist. Die halbzylindrische Form führt dazu, dass der Innenraum bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung erheblich kompakter ausgestaltet ist. Hier fehlen die vielen leeren Räume wie in der US 3 529 870 A , die eine Brückenbildung begünstigen.The semi-cylindrical interior between the stirrer shaft (3) and the dosing screw is particularly important, which is symmetrical except for a small area that adjoins the free space (14) on the dosing screw. The semi-cylindrical shape means that the interior of the device according to the invention is made considerably more compact. The many empty rooms are missing here as in the US 3,529,870 that favor bridging.

Da der halbzylindrische Trog für die Dosierschnecke (5) direkt unten an den halbzylindrischen Trog des Rührers (3) angrenzt, erhält die Form des gesamten Innenraums einen Rücksprung. Wird dieser Rücksprung dadurch beseitigt, dass eine schräge Ebene tangential sowohl an den halbzylindrischen Schneckentrog als auch an den halbzylindrischen Rührertrog angelegt wird, verschwindet dieser Rücksprung. Der dadurch entstehende zusätzliche Raum ist der hier genannte "freie Raum (14)". Dies erfolgt nur an der einen Seite, wie es in Figur 7 der vorliegenden Anmeldung dargestellt ist. Auf diese Weise erfolgt an dieser Seite ein Übergang vom halbzylindrischen Rührertrog zum halbzylindrischen Schneckentrog ohne Kante, also glatt. Der Übergang wird durch eine schräge Ebene gebildet, die hier als "Rutsche" bezeichnet wird.Since the semi-cylindrical trough for the dosing screw (5) directly adjoins the semi-cylindrical trough of the stirrer (3) at the bottom, the shape of the entire interior is set back. If this recess is eliminated by placing an inclined plane tangentially on both the semi-cylindrical screw trough and the semi-cylindrical stirrer trough, this recess disappears. Of the additional space created as a result is the "free space (14)" mentioned here. This is only done on one side, as in Figure 7 the present application is shown. In this way, there is a transition on this side from the semi-cylindrical stirrer trough to the semi-cylindrical screw trough without an edge, ie smooth. The transition is formed by an inclined plane, which is referred to here as a "slide".

Die Zähne (23) sind so gestaltet, dass faserige Stoffe aus der Rutsche (13) in die Dosierschnecke (5) gezogen werden, ohne die faserigen Stoffe zu beschädigen oder aufzulösen. Dazu haben die Zähne (23), die am äußeren Umfang der Dosierschnecke (5) angebracht sind, eine Form wie die Kippschwingungen in der Elektronik. Das heißt, die in Bewegungsrichtung vorne liegende Flanke fällt steil ab, die in Bewegungsrichtung hinten liegende Flanke fällt flach ab. Die in der DE 41 24 714 A1 genannte Auflösewalze ist dagegen nicht dazu ausgelegt, das Material in die Schnecke einzuziehen.The teeth (23) are designed in such a way that fibrous substances are drawn out of the chute (13) into the dosing screw (5) without damaging or dissolving the fibrous substances. For this purpose, the teeth (23), which are attached to the outer circumference of the dosing screw (5), have a shape like the tilting vibrations in the electronics. This means that the flank lying in front in the direction of movement drops steeply, the flank lying in the direction of movement falls flatly. The in the DE 41 24 714 A1 The opening roller mentioned, however, is not designed to feed the material into the screw.

Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik wird die Erfindung bei der Förderung von Fasern auf Zwangsförderung eingestellt (Rührwerk, Dosierschnecke, Drehzahlen). Bei anderen zu dosierenden Materialien wird die Erfindung wie üblich eingestellt, das heißt ohne Zwangsförderung.In contrast to the prior art, the invention is adjusted to forced conveyance in the conveying of fibers (agitator, metering screw, speeds). In the case of other materials to be dosed, the invention is set as usual, that is to say without forced conveyance.

Unter anderem werden die folgenden Vorteile erreicht:
Durch synergistisches Zusammenwirken von aktiver und passiver Fließunterstützung wird eine kontinuierliche Schneckenfüllung sichergestellt. Eine Verweilzeitverteilung liegt vor.Among other things, the following advantages are achieved:
The synergistic interaction of active and passive flow support ensures continuous screw filling. There is a dwell time distribution.

Die Fließunterstützung wird aktiv durch den Rührer (3) und passiv durch die Ausführung der Tröge und der Rutsche (13) mit dem seitlichen und großen Einzugsbereich erreicht.The flow support is achieved actively by the stirrer (3) and passively by the design of the troughs and the chute (13) with the large lateral area.

Das Vereinzeln von Agglomeraten wird durch ein spezielles Austragsorgan ermöglicht. Das Austragsorgan besteht aus einer Dosierschnecke (5). Sie ist erfindungsgemäß mit Zähnen versehen. Der Abwurf kann optional mit einem rotierenden Flügelrad (7) optimiert werden. Das Flügelrad wird entweder durch einen vertikalen Auslauf mit Antrieb oder durch eine in der Dosierschnecke (5) innenliegende zweite Welle angetrieben.The separation of agglomerates is made possible by a special discharge device. The discharge device consists of a dosing screw (5). It is provided with teeth according to the invention. The discharge can optionally be optimized with a rotating impeller (7). The impeller is driven either by a vertical outlet with a drive or by a second shaft inside the dosing screw (5).

Das Förderprinzip beruht auf dem Drücken der nachströmenden Fasern auf die in der Rutsche liegenden Fasern. Der Rührer (3) drückt über die Rutsche die Fasern in den seitlichen Einzugsbereich der Dosierschnecke.The conveying principle is based on pressing the incoming fibers onto the fibers in the chute. The stirrer (3) presses the fibers into the side feed area of the dosing screw via the chute.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angeführt. So wird außerdem vorgeschlagen,
dass der von den Rührflügeln (8) überstrichene Raum den mittleren Bereich (II) vollständig ausfüllt,
dass der obere Bereich (I) vertikale Wände (25) hat,
dass die vertikalen Wände (25) des oberen Bereichs (I) tangential und ohne eine Kante in die Wände (26) des halbzylindrischen Rührwerkstrogs (4) übergehen,
dass der obere Bereich (I) des Dosierraums einen rechteckigen Querschnitt hat,
dass die Rührerwelle (18) und die Drehachse (10) der Dosierschnecke (5) vertikal übereinander angeordnet sind,
dass der Abstand zwischen der Rührer-Welle (18) und der Drehachse (10) der Dosierschnecke (5) verstellbar ist, insbesondere mittels einer Höhenverstellung der Dosierschnecke (5),
dass die Schnecke (5) am Austrags-Ende (16) ein Flügelrad (7) aufweist,
dass das Verhältnis der Drehzahlen von Rührer zur Dosierschnecke einstellbar ist.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the subclaims. It also suggests
that the space swept by the impellers (8) completely fills the central area (II),
that the upper area (I) has vertical walls (25),
that the vertical walls (25) of the upper region (I) merge tangentially and without an edge into the walls (26) of the semi-cylindrical agitator trough (4),
that the upper area (I) of the dosing chamber has a rectangular cross section,
that the stirrer shaft (18) and the axis of rotation (10) of the dosing screw (5) are arranged vertically one above the other,
that the distance between the stirrer shaft (18) and the axis of rotation (10) of the metering screw (5) is adjustable, in particular by means of a height adjustment of the metering screw (5),
that the screw (5) has an impeller (7) at the discharge end (16),
that the ratio of the speeds of the stirrer to the dosing screw is adjustable.

Das Dosiergerät kann entsprechend unterschiedlicher Faserlängen des zu dosierenden Materials eingestellt werden, insbesondere mittels der Höhenverstellung der Dosierschnecke.The dosing device can be adjusted according to different fiber lengths of the material to be dosed, in particular by means of the height adjustment of the dosing screw.

Bislang nicht förderbare Materialien können nun in stabilen Prozessfenstern dosiert und somit industriell verarbeitet werden.Materials that were previously not eligible can now be dosed in stable process windows and thus processed industrially.

Mit der optionalen Höhenverstellung kann der Abstand zwischen Rührer und Dosierschnecke angepasst werden. Damit kann der optimale, vom Dosiergut abhängige Abstand zwischen Rührer und Dosierschnecke eingestellt werden.The distance between the stirrer and the dosing screw can be adjusted with the optional height adjustment. This enables the optimum distance between the stirrer and the dosing screw, depending on the dosing material, to be set.

Die Dosierschnecke besteht aus einer Welle (auch Seele genannt) und den Schneckenflügeln (Spirale). Die Seele verläuft nicht über die komplette Schneckenwendellänge. Vor dem Schneckenrohr (oder Austragsrohr) endet die Seele. Dort befindet sich ein zentraler axialer durchgehender Hohlraum. Der Hohlraum dient zur Reduzierung des Materialdrucks, die im Schneckenrohr durch Kompression hervorgerufen wird. Weiterhin wird der Hohlraum für die Anbindung der optionalen Abwurfunterstützung (Flügelrad 7) benötigt.The dosing screw consists of a shaft (also called a soul) and the screw blades (spiral). The soul does not run over the entire helix length. The soul ends in front of the screw tube (or discharge tube). There is a central, axial, continuous cavity. The cavity serves to reduce the material pressure in the screw tube by compression is caused. The cavity is also required for the connection of the optional ejection support (impeller 7).

AusführungsbeispielEmbodiment

Im Folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. In allen Zeichnungen haben gleiche Bezugszeichen die gleiche Bedeutung und werden daher gegebenenfalls nur einmal erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described in more detail below with reference to drawings. In all drawings, the same reference symbols have the same meaning and are therefore only explained once, if appropriate.

Es zeigen

Figur 1
eine perspektivische Darstellung der gesamten erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
Figur 2
eine perspektivische Darstellung der gesamten erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, aber ohne den optionalen Aufsatzbehälter (1a) und ohne den vertikalen Auslauf mit Antrieb (15),
Figur 3
einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 senkrecht zur Rotationsachse des Rührers bzw. der Dosierschnecke, von der Frontseite gesehen,
Figur 4
einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Vorrichtung gemäß Figur 1 parallel zur Rotationsachse des Rührers bzw. der Dosierschnecke, von der rechten Seite gesehen,
Figur 5
eine perspektivische Darstellung der Dosierschnecke (5),
Figur 6
ein Detail A aus Figur 5,
Figur 7
eine schematische Darstellung der Arbeitsweise und
Figur 8
den Materialfluss durch Nachdrücken des Rührers auf das in der Rutsche befindliche Material.
Show it
Figure 1
a perspective view of the entire device according to the invention,
Figure 2
3 shows a perspective view of the entire device according to the invention, but without the optional top container (1a) and without the vertical outlet with drive (15),
Figure 3
a vertical section through the device according to Figure 1 perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the stirrer or dosing screw, seen from the front,
Figure 4
a vertical section through the device according to Figure 1 parallel to the axis of rotation of the stirrer or dosing screw, seen from the right side,
Figure 5
a perspective view of the dosing screw (5),
Figure 6
a detail A from Figure 5 ,
Figure 7
a schematic representation of the operation and
Figure 8
the material flow by pressing the stirrer onto the material in the chute.

Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen VorrichtungStructure of the device according to the invention

  • Figur 1 zeigt die gesamte erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung. Der Aufsatzbehälter (1) ist auf einem Troggehäuse (2) aufgesetzt. Der innenliegende asymmetrische Rührwerkstrog (4) umfasst den Rührer (3) und den teilzylindrischen Schneckentrog und die Dosierschnecke (5). Rührer (3) und Dosierschnecke (5) werden rückseitig von einem Antrieb (9) oder mehreren Antrieben in Rotation versetzt. Auf der Frontseite sitzt auf dem Schneckenrohr (6) der vertikale Auslauf mit Antrieb (15). Figure 1 shows the entire device according to the invention. The top container (1) is placed on a trough housing (2). The asymmetrical stirrer trough (4) on the inside comprises the stirrer (3) and the partially cylindrical screw trough and the dosing screw (5). The stirrer (3) and dosing screw (5) are rotated on the back by a drive (9) or several drives. The vertical outlet with drive (15) is located on the screw tube (6) on the front.
  • Figur 2 zeigt die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung ohne den optionalen Aufsatzbehälter (1) und ohne den vertikalen Auslauf mit Antrieb (15). Figure 2 shows the device according to the invention without the optional top container (1) and without the vertical outlet with drive (15).
  • Figur 3 zeigt eine Schnittdarstellung von der Frontansicht. Der Rührer (3) fördert, aus dieser Blickrichtung im Uhrzeigersinn, das Material bis zur Dosierschnecke (5). Die Drehrichtung wird durch die asymmetrische Gestaltung des Rührwerkstrogs (4) vorgegeben. Die Dosierschnecke (5) fördert das zu dosierende Material aus der Zeichnungsblattebene. Rührer (3) und Dosierschnecke (5) drehen im gleichen Drehsinn. Figure 3 shows a sectional view of the front view. The stirrer (3) conveys the material up to the dosing screw (5) from this viewing direction clockwise. The direction of rotation is determined by the asymmetrical design of the agitator trough (4). The dosing screw (5) conveys the material to be dosed from the drawing sheet level. Stirrer (3) and dosing screw (5) turn in the same direction.
  • Figur 4 zeigt eine Schnittdarstellung, in einer Ansicht von der rechten Seite. Rührer (3) und die Dosierschnecke (5) können über zwei einzelne Antriebe oder über ein zusätzliches Getriebe und einen gemeinsamen Antrieb angetrieben werden. Der Abstand zwischen Rührer (3) und Dosierschnecke (5) kann verstellbar sein. Figure 4 shows a sectional view, in a view from the right side. The stirrer (3) and the dosing screw (5) can be driven by two individual drives or by an additional gear and a common drive. The distance between stirrer (3) and dosing screw (5) can be adjustable.
  • Figur 5 zeigt die Dosierschnecke (5). Die Außenkontur der dargestellten Dosierschnecke ist mit Zähnen (23) versehen. Figure 5 shows the dosing screw (5). The outer contour of the dosing screw shown is provided with teeth (23).

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung wird eingesetzt, um Feststoffe einem Prozess zuzuführen. Der Prozess kann kontinuierlich als auch diskontinuierlich ablaufen. Für folgende Industriezweige ist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung besonders vorteilhaft:

  • Chemische Industrie
  • Kunststoff- und Gummi verarbeitende Industrie
  • (Tier-)Nahrungsmittel-, Kosmetik- und Pharmaindustrie
  • und andere.
The device according to the invention is used to supply solids to a process. The process can run continuously or discontinuously. The device according to the invention is particularly advantageous for the following branches of industry:
  • Chemical industry
  • Plastic and rubber processing industry
  • (Animal) food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries
  • and other.

Arbeitsweise der erfindungsgemäßen VorrichtungOperation of the device according to the invention

Im Betrieb erfolgen die nachfolgenden Schritte kontinuierlich und gleichzeitig (siehe auch Figuren 7 bis 8).In operation, the following steps take place continuously and simultaneously (see also Figures 7 to 8 ).

Schritt 1: Das zu dosierende Material wird manuell oder durch vorgeschaltete Verfahrenstechnik in den Aufsatzbehälter (1a) oder den asymmetrischen Rührwerkstrog (4) aufgegeben.Step 1: The material to be dosed is fed into the add-on container (1a) or the asymmetrical agitator trough (4) manually or using upstream process technology.

Schritt 2: Das Material wird vom relativ langsam rotierenden Rührer (3) erfasst. Entweder fällt das Material in den leeren Raum (14) oder es drückt das bereits in dem Raum (14) vorhandene Material in Richtung Einzugsbereich und es wird anschließend durch die Zähne eingezogen.Step 2: The material is picked up by the relatively slow rotating stirrer (3). Either the material falls into the empty space (14) or it already expresses it in that Room (14) existing material in the direction of the feed area and it is then drawn in through the teeth.

Schritt 3: Die Zähne (23) auf der Dosierschnecke (5) sind in der Lage, Agglomerate zu vereinzeln und sorgen so für eine bessere Befüllung der Dosierschnecke (5). Das Material wird in axialer Richtung durch das Schneckenrohr zum Ende der Schnecke (16) gefördert.Step 3: The teeth (23) on the dosing screw (5) are able to separate agglomerates and thus ensure better filling of the dosing screw (5). The material is conveyed in the axial direction through the screw tube to the end of the screw (16).

Schritt 4: Das optionale Flügelrad (7) rotiert am Abwurf und unterstützt die Vereinzelung von Agglomeraten. Das Flügelrad (7) dreht in Drehrichtung (20) der Dosierschnecke (5) und in einer höheren Drehzahl als die Dosierschnecke (5).Step 4: The optional impeller (7) rotates at the discharge and supports the separation of agglomerates. The impeller (7) rotates in the direction of rotation (20) of the dosing screw (5) and at a higher speed than the dosing screw (5).

Falls die Fasern agglomerieren und ein Faserknäuel um den Rührer (3) bilden (Figur 8), erfassen die Zähne (23) einzelne Fasern (24) des Faserknäuels und vereinzeln diese.If the fibers agglomerate and form a ball of fiber around the stirrer (3) ( Figure 8 ), the teeth (23) capture individual fibers (24) of the fiber ball and separate them.

Die Fasern (24) werden über den Rührer in die Rutsche (13) gedrückt. Nachgefördertes Material drückt das Material in der Rutsche zum Austragsorgan hin. Daraus ergibt sich die erfindungsgemäße vorteilhafte asymmetrische Gestaltung des Rührwerkstrogs (4) und des teilzylindrischen Schneckentrogs (11) sowie der Rutsche (13). Durch den seitlichen und großen Einzugsbereich und die Zähne der Dosierschnecke wird selbige optimal befüllt. Je nach spezifischer Geometrie des zu dosierenden Materials kann die Höhenverstellung der Dosierschnecke genutzt werden, um den Füllgrad der Dosierschnecke zu verbessern.The fibers (24) are pressed into the chute (13) via the stirrer. Subsequent material pushes the material in the chute towards the discharge element. This results in the advantageous asymmetrical design of the agitator trough (4) and the partially cylindrical screw trough (11) and the slide (13) according to the invention. The side and large intake area and the teeth of the dosing screw ensure that it is optimally filled. Depending on the specific geometry of the material to be dosed, the height adjustment of the dosing screw can be used to improve the filling level of the dosing screw.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, den Dosierschneckenfüllgrad zu optimieren, liegt in der Einstellung des Verhältnisses zwischen Dosierschneckendrehzahl und Rührerdrehzahl.Another way to optimize the dosing screw filling level is to set the ratio between the dosing screw speed and the stirrer speed.

Die oben genannten zu dosierenden Materialien stehen im Fokus besonders innovativer Industrien, wie z. B. der Autoindustrie, der Luft- und Raumfahrt- sowie der Rüstungsindustrie. Die Erfindung ermöglicht unter anderem die Entwicklung neuer Faserverbundwerkstoffe. Sie kann außerdem mit Vorteil in Recyclatprozessen für Faserverbundwerkstoffe eingesetzt werden, da sie in der Lage ist, hochpreisige Zuschnittsabfälle von Gewebematten zu dosieren. Die Erfindung hat daher einen hohen Stellenwert für die Hochtechnologie-Industrie.The above-mentioned materials to be dosed are the focus of particularly innovative industries, such as B. the automotive industry, the aerospace and defense industries. The invention enables, among other things, the development of new fiber composite materials. It can also be used to advantage in recycled processes for fiber composites, since it is able to dose high-priced cut waste from fabric mats. The invention is therefore of great importance for the high-tech industry.

Die Geometrien der Dosierschnecke und des Förderwerks werden vorzugsweise auf den zu dosierenden Feststoff abgestimmt und darauf angepasst. Die im Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellten Teile dienen nur als Beispiele. Solche geometrischen Parameter sind beispielsweise:

  1. a. Durchmesser der Dosierschnecke
  2. b. Anzahl der Zähne auf der Dosierschnecke
  3. c. Größe und Länge der Zähne
  4. d. Länge der Rührwerksflügel
  5. e. Grundkörper des Rührwerksflügels (rund, flach...)
  6. f. Anbauten an dem Flügel (Scharen, Stifte ...)
  7. g. der Raum über der Rutsche
  8. h. Anzahl der Rührwerksflügel
  9. i. Ausrichtung der Rührwerksflügel zueinander
  10. j. Verhältnis von Durchmesser der Dosierschnecke zum Durchmesser des Schneckenrohrs
  11. k. Steigung der Dosierschnecke
  12. l. Unterschiedliche Steigungen an der Dosierschnecke zur Reduzierung des Drucks / der Kompaktierung im Schneckenrohr
  13. m. Gangtiefe der Dosierschnecke
  14. n. Eingängige oder mehrgängige Dosierschnecken
  15. o. Durchmesser des Schneckenrohrs
  16. p. Tiefe des asymmetrischen Rührwerkstrogs, des teilzylindrischen Schneckentrogs und der Rutsche
  17. q. Gestaltung / Auslegung des asymmetrischen Rührwerktrogs
  18. r. Gestaltung / Auslegung des teilzylindrischen Schneckentrogs
  19. s. Gestaltung / Auslegung der Rutsche
The geometries of the dosing screw and the conveyor are preferably matched to and adapted to the solid to be dosed. The in Parts shown in the exemplary embodiment serve only as examples. Such geometric parameters are, for example:
  1. a. Diameter of the dosing screw
  2. b. Number of teeth on the dosing screw
  3. c. Size and length of the teeth
  4. d. Length of the agitator blades
  5. e. Basic body of the agitator blade (round, flat ...)
  6. f. Attachments to the wing (shares, pins ...)
  7. G. the room above the slide
  8. H. Number of agitator blades
  9. i. Alignment of the agitator blades to each other
  10. j. Ratio of the diameter of the dosing screw to the diameter of the screw tube
  11. k. Slope of the dosing screw
  12. l. Different gradients on the dosing screw to reduce the pressure / compacting in the screw tube
  13. m. Thread depth of the dosing screw
  14. n. Single-thread or multi-thread dosing screws
  15. o. diameter of the screw tube
  16. p. Depth of the asymmetrical agitator trough, the partially cylindrical screw trough and the slide
  17. q. Design / layout of the asymmetrical agitator trough
  18. r. Design / layout of the partially cylindrical screw trough
  19. s. Design / layout of the slide

Zusammenfassend sind wichtige vorteilhafte Merkmale der neuartigen Vorrichtung:

  • der seitliche Einzugsbereich,
  • der große Einzugsbereich,
  • die Höhenverstellbarkeit der Dosierschnecke (5),
  • die Einstellbarkeit des Verhältnisses der Drehzahlen von Rührer zur Dosierschnecke,
  • die asymmetrische Auslegung des Rührwerktrogs,
  • die teilzylindrische Auslegung des Schneckentrogs,
  • die Rutsche,
  • der Raum über der Rutsche,
  • die Vergleichmäßigung des Abwurfs durch einen vertikalen Auslauf mit Antrieb,
  • die Zähne auf der Dosierschnecke und
  • die Gestaltung des Rührwerks bzw. der Rührwerksflügel.
In summary, important advantageous features of the novel device are:
  • the lateral feed area,
  • the large catchment area,
  • the height adjustment of the dosing screw (5),
  • the adjustability of the ratio of the speeds of the stirrer to the dosing screw,
  • the asymmetrical design of the agitator trough,
  • the partially cylindrical design of the screw trough,
  • the slide,
  • the space above the slide,
  • equalization of the discharge by means of a vertical outlet with drive,
  • the teeth on the dosing screw and
  • the design of the agitator or agitator blades.

Weitere wichtige Merkmale:Other important features:

Ein asymmetrischer Trog 4 mit einem freien Raum (14) ist vorgesehen, wobei keine Toträume im Dosierraum unterhalb der Rührerwelle (18), außer im Bereich der Dosierschnecke (Raum (14)), vorliegen.An asymmetrical trough 4 with a free space (14) is provided, with no dead spaces in the dosing space below the stirrer shaft (18), except in the area of the dosing screw (space (14)).

Der Dosierraum hat oberhalb der Rührerwelle (18) einen rechteckigen Querschnitt und vertikale Wände.The dosing chamber has a rectangular cross section and vertical walls above the stirrer shaft (18).

Unterhalb der Rührerwelle (18) und oberhalb der Dosierschnecke (5) ist ein halbzylinderförmiger Schneckentrog vorgesehen, der an die rotierenden Arme der Rührerwelle (18) angepasst ist. Mit anderen Worten, der von den Rührerflügeln (8) überstrichene Raum füllt diesen Bereich des Dosierinnenraums vollständig aus.A semi-cylindrical screw trough is provided below the stirrer shaft (18) and above the metering screw (5), which is adapted to the rotating arms of the stirrer shaft (18). In other words, the space swept by the stirrer blades (8) completely fills this area of the metering interior.

Die vertikalen Wände oberhalb der Rührerwelle (18) schließen unmittelbar an den halbzylinderförmigen Trog (4) unterhalb der Rührerwelle (18) und oberhalb der Dosierschnecke (5) an.The vertical walls above the stirrer shaft (18) directly adjoin the semi-cylindrical trough (4) below the stirrer shaft (18) and above the metering screw (5).

Die Asymmetrie ist im Wesentlichen nur im Bereich der Dosierschnecke (5) vorgesehen. Das heißt, der Bereich der Dosierschnecke unterhalb des Rührers ist asymmetrisch und weist einen freien Raum (14) auf, und zwar an derjenigen Seite, in die der Rührer fördert.The asymmetry is essentially only provided in the area of the metering screw (5). This means that the area of the metering screw below the stirrer is asymmetrical and has a free space (14) on the side into which the stirrer is conveying.

Der Rührer (3) hat eine derartige Drehrichtung (19), so dass das Produkt zuerst nach unten in den Raum (14) und dann erst zur Dosierschnecke (5) gefördert wird.The stirrer (3) has such a direction of rotation (19) so that the product is first conveyed downwards into the space (14) and only then to the metering screw (5).

Die Rührflügel (8) sind drahtförmig.The impellers (8) are wire-shaped.

Ein vertikaler Auslauf (15) mit einem Antrieb und einem Flügelrad (7) ist vorgesehen, wobei das Flügelrad (7) schneller als die Dosierschnecke (5) rotiert.A vertical outlet (15) with a drive and an impeller (7) is provided, the impeller (7) rotating faster than the metering screw (5).

Außerdem ist ein zentraler axialer Hohlraum am Ende der Dosierschnecke vorgesehen.A central axial cavity is also provided at the end of the metering screw.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

11
Einlassinlet
1a1a
Aufsatzbehälter (optional)Add-on container (optional)
22nd
Troggehäuse (optional)Trough housing (optional)
33rd
RührerStirrer
44th
asymmetrischer Rührwerkstrogasymmetrical agitator trough
55
DosierschneckeDosing screw
66
SchneckenrohrWorm tube
77
FlügelradImpeller
88th
RührflügelImpeller
99
Antriebdrive
1010th
DrehachseAxis of rotation
1111
teilzylindrischer Schneckentrogpartially cylindrical snail trough
1212th
Höhenverstellung DosierschneckeHeight adjustment dosing screw
1313
Rutsche, schräge EbeneSlide, sloping level
1414
Raumroom
1515
vertikaler Auslauf mit Antriebvertical outlet with drive
1616
Ende der SchneckeEnd of snail
1818th
Rührer-WelleStirrer shaft
1919th
Drehrichtung des Rührers 3Direction of rotation of the stirrer 3
2020th
Drehrichtung der Dosierschnecke 5Direction of rotation of the dosing screw 5
2323
Zahntooth
2424th
FasermaterialFiber material
2525th
vertikale Wand des oberen Bereichs (I)vertical wall of the upper area (I)
2626
Wand des Rührwerkstrogs (4)Wall of the agitator trough (4)
2727
RücksprungReturn
II.
der obere Bereich des Dosierraumsthe upper area of the dosing room
IIII
der mittlere Bereich des Dosierraumsthe middle area of the dosing room
IIIIII
der untere Bereich des Dosierraumsthe lower area of the dosing room

Claims (9)

  1. Device for metering solids,
    comprising an inlet (1) in the upper region,
    comprising an outlet in the form of a screw tube (6) or a vertical outlet (15) in the lower region,
    comprising a stirrer (3) arranged below the inlet (1), having a horizontally arranged stirrer shaft (18) and having stirring blades (8),
    comprising a metering screw (5) arranged below the stirrer (3), having an axis of rotation (10) arranged parallel to the stirrer shaft (18),
    the stirrer (3) being surrounded by an asymmetrical stirrer-mechanism trough (4), the metering screw (5) being surrounded by a partially cylindrical screw trough (11), the asymmetrical stirrer-mechanism trough (4) connecting to the partially cylindrical screw trough (11) via a chute (13),
    the inner wall of one of the two connection regions between the asymmetrical stirrer-mechanism trough (4) and the partially cylindrical screw trough (11) being designed as an oblique plane in the form of a chute (13), such that a space (14) which is not covered by the stirring blades (8) of the stirrer (3) and the screw (5), and a lateral and enlarged intake region of the metering screw are formed,
    the stirrer (3) and the metering screw (5) being designed to rotate in the same direction of rotation (19, 20),
    the stirring blades (8) and the metering screw (5) moving downward in the region of the chute (13) during rotation,
    it being possible for the metering space to be divided into three regions which are positioned vertically above one another,
    the upper region (I) being above a horizontal plane which includes the stirrer shaft (18), the central region (II) being positioned below the upper region (I) and above a horizontal plane which is arranged between the spaces which are swept by the stirring blades (8) and the metering screw (5),
    the lower region (III) being positioned below the central region (II),
    the lower region (III) of the metering chamber being designed as a partially cylindrical trough,
    the central region (II) and the lower region (III) directly adjoining one another on one side, such that a recess (27) is formed, the transition between the central region (II) and the lower region (III) on the other side being formed by an oblique plane which tangentially abuts the walls (26) of the stirrer-mechanism trough (4) and the walls of the screw trough (11),
    characterized in that
    the central region (II) of the metering chamber is designed as a semi-cylindrical trough, in that the chute (13) is formed by the oblique plane which tangentially abuts the walls of the stirrer-mechanism trough (4) and the walls of the screw trough (11),
    and in that the metering screw (5) has teeth (23) on the outer circumference thereof.
  2. Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous materials, according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the space swept by the stirring blades (8) completely fills the central region (II).
  3. Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous materials, according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the upper region (I) has vertical walls (25).
  4. Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous materials, according to claim 3,
    characterized in that
    the vertical walls (25) of the upper region (I) transition tangentially and without an edge into the walls (26) of the semi-cylindrical stirrer-mechanism trough (4).
  5. Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous materials, according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the upper region (I) of the metering chamber has a rectangular cross section.
  6. Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous materials, according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the stirrer shaft (18) and the axis of rotation (10) of the metering screw (5) are arranged vertically above one another.
  7. Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous materials, according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the distance between the stirrer shaft (18) and the axis of rotation (10) of the metering screw (5) is adjustable.
  8. Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous materials according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the screw (5) has an impeller (7) at the discharge end (16) thereof.
  9. Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous materials, according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    that the ratio of the speed of the stirrer to the speed of the metering screw is adjustable.
EP17721969.8A 2016-04-22 2017-04-20 Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous substances Active EP3445480B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016107559 2016-04-22
PCT/EP2017/059384 WO2017182564A1 (en) 2016-04-22 2017-04-20 Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous substances

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3445480A1 EP3445480A1 (en) 2019-02-27
EP3445480B1 true EP3445480B1 (en) 2020-03-25

Family

ID=58672563

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17721969.8A Active EP3445480B1 (en) 2016-04-22 2017-04-20 Device for metering solids, in particular fibrous substances

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3445480B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017182564A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108584462A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-09-28 川田机械制造(上海)有限公司 A kind of auxiliary agent metering device

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3548903A (en) * 1968-07-03 1970-12-22 Hollymatic Corp Subdivided meat mixer and method
US3529870A (en) 1968-07-16 1970-09-22 Homer G Woten Insulating machine
US4480927A (en) * 1982-05-28 1984-11-06 Butler Manufacturing Company Mixing apparatus and auger therefor
DE4124714A1 (en) 1991-07-25 1993-01-28 Schmolke Karl Heinz Rotor spinner sliver loosening roller - has return of fibre build=up at end of spiral sawtooth clothing coils as drawn and oriented fibres
DE20214911U1 (en) * 2002-09-26 2003-01-02 Pölling, Hubert, 46325 Borken Shredding and dosing assembly for compost and natural fertilizer has hacking blade shaft with supplementary fixed cutter blades

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

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EP3445480A1 (en) 2019-02-27

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