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EP3336871B1 - Elektrisches gerät zum erden, das eine isolierableitung umfasst, und sein schliessverfahren - Google Patents

Elektrisches gerät zum erden, das eine isolierableitung umfasst, und sein schliessverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3336871B1
EP3336871B1 EP17207350.4A EP17207350A EP3336871B1 EP 3336871 B1 EP3336871 B1 EP 3336871B1 EP 17207350 A EP17207350 A EP 17207350A EP 3336871 B1 EP3336871 B1 EP 3336871B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
fixed contact
mobile contact
branch
mobile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17207350.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3336871A1 (de
Inventor
Christophe Preve
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3336871A1 publication Critical patent/EP3336871A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/544—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being an insulated gate bipolar transistor, e.g. IGBT, Darlington configuration of FET and bipolar transistor

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is an electrical grounding device, comprising an insulating shunt to prevent the formation of an electric arc and allowing a grounding of the circuit in a very short time, and its closing process.
  • US Patent 5536980 describes an apparatus according to the preamble of claims 1 and 2.
  • the device of the invention also comprises a shunt between the contacts, which allows to put the main circuit to earth in a very short time.
  • the device of the invention is more advantageous in that rapid reopening is also possible after closing, which allows a quick restart if the defect is self-extinguishing, it is to say if it disappears of itself.
  • the device can therefore be reset quickly and be ready to intervene for a persistent fault or a second fault. And it does not use expensive actuators, magnetic for example, or capacitors or electric batteries that are unreliable and require regular maintenance.
  • This means of switching the state of the bypass also has the advantage of making the bypass very quickly, which is particularly appreciated for electrical grounding devices, which close in case of a short circuit to quickly eliminate the fault arc in electrical equipment and thus avoid damage to this equipment: we can hope to achieve a circulation at the end of an instant of the order of a millisecond, instead of 30 milliseconds typically with a usual switch, where it is necessary to wait for the junction of the contacts.
  • one aspect of the invention is a method of closing an electrical apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a fixed contact connected to an electrical circuit and a movable contact connected to the ground and operable between a position opening in which the movable contact is distant from the fixed contact and a closed position in which the movable contact is connected to the fixed contact, the method consisting, while the moving contact passes from the open position to the closed position , switching an electronic switching device placed on a branch connecting the movable contact to the fixed contact, so as to make the bypass passing before a distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact is less than an ignition threshold distance arc.
  • US 5,336,980-A discloses an apparatus for opening and closing a circuit equipped with an electronic device bypass which also accelerates switching, but the electronic device remains on as long as the circuit remains closed, and even during the reopening movement of the main contacts , until the end of the opening stroke of the moving contact.
  • OA-8318-A discloses an apparatus suffering from a similar defect.
  • Another aspect of the invention is an electrical grounding device, according to claim 2, comprising a first fixed contact, a movable contact connected to the ground and operable between an open position in which the movable contact is distant from fixed contact and a closed position in which the movable contact is connected to the fixed contact, comprising a branch connecting the movable contact to the fixed contact and equipped with an electronic switching device adapted to make the bypass in turn blocking and passing of the electricity, and control means of the electronic device.
  • the embodiment mainly envisaged for the electronic device comprises two thyristors in parallel and in opposite directions on the bypass, in particular when alternating current is envisaged; with a DC network, a single thyristor would be sufficient.
  • the control means may comprise a portion connected to the moving contact and therefore perfectly synchronized with it, to ensure that the derivation is almost immediately in the on state. It may comprise, in the case of thyristors, an electrical circuit for applying a voltage, passing through thyristor gates, so as to trigger them, and make the thyristors pass, when a sensor has detected an electrical fault that the we want to eliminate quickly, and gave a thyristor tripping order (directly or via a relay).
  • the control means is adapted to make the bypass again blocking before the final closing position of the electrical apparatus; the bypass is then advantageously made again blocking to a state where the movable contact has reached the fixed contact; a possible and advantageous construction comprises a track on which said portion rubs, then rendering the bypass passing, during a middle portion of stroke of said portion between the open position and the closed position of the movable contact, excluding both ends of this race.
  • the figure 1 illustrates an electrical apparatus 1, which is here intended for a ground 3 of a circuit 2.
  • a first fixed contact 4 is connected to the circuit 2
  • a second fixed contact 5 is connected to the ground 3
  • the apparatus electrical further comprises a movable contact 6, always in connection with the second fixed contact 5, which may at will be separated from the first fixed contact 4 and thus isolate the circuit 2 from the ground, or, on the contrary, connected to this contact 4 and circuit 2 to earth 3, which is usually done when the circuit 2 is short-circuited and therefore a fast closing of the electrical apparatus 1 is desired.
  • the apparatus is shown in an end-of-travel state, corresponding to an open position, of the movable contact 6.
  • the electrical apparatus 1 is completed by a bypass 7 connecting the fixed contacts 4 and 5 and which is provided with an electronic device 8 composed of two thyristors 9 and 10 connected in parallel and placed in opposite directions, that is to say that is, when they are on, one of them allows current flows from the first fixed contact 4 to the second fixed contact 5, and the other from the second fixed contact 5 to the first fixed contact 4.
  • the thyristors 9 and 10 are switched between the blocking state and the state passing through a control device described below. In the normal state, and especially when the electrical apparatus 1 is in the stable open position, the blocking state is maintained and no current therefore passes through the bypass 7.
  • the thyristors 9 and 10 are therefore turned on, and the short-circuit current can flow. freely between the circuit 2 and the earth by the fixed contacts, respectively 4 and 5, and through the bypass 7 ( figure 2 ).
  • this switching of the thyristors 9 and 10 it is advantageous for this switching of the thyristors 9 and 10 to be early and even before the beginning of the movement of the movable contact 6 towards the first fixed contact 4, if the control system and arc detection allows it.
  • the current in the bypass 7 ceases when the movable contact 6 has been moved and has reached the fixed contact 4 ( figure 3 ): the current now passes through the electrical device 1 itself rather than by its bypass 7, through the contacts 4, 6 and 5. However, no electric arc appeared at the junction between the contacts 4 and 6, since the voltage across the branch 7 is only a few volts, which correspond to the voltage of the thyristors in passing mode even when the distance between the first fixed contact 4 and the movable contact 6 has become very small. When the state of the figure 3 is reached, the thyristors 9 and 10 can be made again blocking. We reach the final state of the closing of the electrical apparatus 1 ( figure 4 ) said closing position and corresponding to a limit switch of the movable contact 6, and the current continues to flow through the contacts 4, 6 and 5, as long as necessary.
  • the bypass 7 makes it possible not only to avoid an arc when closing the electrical apparatus 1, but to accelerate the grounding of the circuit 2, since the bypass 7 is made conducting well before the closure of the electrical apparatus. 1 itself (for example 1 millisecond after the start of closing, instead of 30 milliseconds). After the interruption of the short-circuit current by the protection system of the electrical network, the reopening, followed if necessary by a reclosing of the switch 1, can ensue almost immediately without inconvenience.
  • the device of the invention therefore allows very fast successive switching.
  • the thyristor 9 and 10 are turned on before or at any time during the closing movement of the moving contact 6, even if it is preferred that it be early as indicated above; it should occur as long as the distance between the first fixed contact 4 and the movable contact 6 remains too great to allow the ignition of an arc.
  • the blocking state can ensue as soon as the contacts 4 and 6 have joined, or be slightly posterior, for example after the first zero crossing of the current. It is advantageous that it is early too, in order to relieve the electronic device composed here of the thyristors 9 and 10 and that it intervenes before the end of travel of the moving contact 6, and in any case that it remains as long as the grounding remains.
  • the electronic device 8 is both reliable, inexpensive, and not subject to wear, especially if it becomes blocking quickly after closing.
  • the figure 5 schematically a possible control device for the electronic device 8. It comprises an electrical line 11 which is capable, via transformers 16, of controlling gates 12 of thyristors 9 and 10 when a current flows in line 11 and which comprises a track 13 on which is rubbed the end of a position contact 14 secured (mechanically, but not electrically) of the movable contact 6 during the portion of its closing movement where the bypass 7 must be made conductive.
  • the other end of the position contact 14 is connected to a high potential 15.
  • the triggers 12 are set to this high potential and thus make the thyristors 9 and 10 passersby.
  • the track 13 does not extend to the end of the race of the position switch 14 towards grounding, but only on a middle part of this race, excluding both ends.
  • Such a device is however relatively slow; the control of the thyristors 9 and 10 can be performed by other control means, for example purely electronic, which can probably be preferred because of their faster tripping time, of the order of about 1 ⁇ s.
  • the electrical apparatus of the invention can be applied to medium voltages, of the order of 1 kV to 50 kV, without other voltage domains being excluded. It can also concern devices called differently, but having the same properties.
  • the branch 7, which is connected indirectly to the movable contact 6 by the second fixed contact 5, could be connected to it otherwise, for example directly in rubbing on it, or ending in a guide ring, in which the movable contact 6 would slide.
  • the invention may be implemented with only one of the thyristors 9 and 10, chosen in the appropriate direction, in the case of a network traversed by a direct current.

Landscapes

  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verfahren zum Schließen einer elektrischen Erdungsvorrichtung (1), enthaltend einen festen Kontakt (4), der mit einer elektrischen Schaltung verbunden ist, sowie einen beweglichen Kontakt (6), der geerdet ist und zwischen einer Öffnungsposition, in der der bewegliche Kontakt (6) vom festen Kontakt (4) entfernt ist, und einer Schließposition, in der der bewegliche Kontakt (6) mit dem festen Kontakt (4) verbunden ist, betätigbar ist, wobei das Verfahren darin besteht, beim Übergang des beweglichen Kontakts (6) von der Öffnungsposition in die Schließposition eine elektronische Schaltvorrichtung (8) umzuschalten, die an einer Ableitung (7) angeordnet ist, die den beweglichen Kontakt (6) mit dem festen Kontakt (4) verbindet, um die Ableitung durchgängig zu machen, bevor ein Abstand zwischen dem beweglichen Kontakt (6) und dem festen Kontakt (4) kleiner als ein Schwellenabstand zum Zünden eines Lichtbogens ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    dann, wenn der bewegliche Kontakt (6) mit dem festen Kontakt (4) verbunden ist, die elektronische Schaltvorrichtung (8) erneut umgeschaltet wird, so dass sie den Durchgang des Stroms in der Ableitung bei einem Nulldurchgang des Stroms sperrt.
  2. Elektrische Erdungsvorrichtung, enthaltend einen ersten festen Kontakt (4), einen beweglichen Kontakt (6), der geerdet ist und zwischen einer Öffnungsposition, in der der bewegliche Kontakt (6) vom festen Kontakt (4) entfernt ist, und einer Schließposition, in der der bewegliche Kontakt (6) mit dem festen Kontakt (4) verbunden ist, betätigbar ist, enthaltend eine Ableitung (7), die den beweglichen Kontakt (6) mit dem festen Kontakt (4) verbindet und mit einer elektronischen Schaltvorrichtung (8) versehen ist, die dazu geeignet ist, die Ableitung abwechselnd stromsperrend und stromleitend zu machen, sowie eine Steuereinrichtung zum Steuern der elektronischen Vorrichtung,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Steuereinrichtung einen synchronisierten Betrieb mit einer Bewegung des beweglichen Kontakts (6) über eine Wegstrecke zwischen der Öffnungsposition und der Schließposition aufweist, wobei sie die Ableitung für einen Mittelteil der Wegstrecke, jedoch nicht an den Endabschnitten der Wegstrecke, durchgängig macht.
  3. Elektrische Erdungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ableitung (7) mit dem beweglichen Kontakt (6) über einen zweiten festen Kontakt (5) verbunden ist, an welchem sich der bewegliche Kontakt (6) verlagert, wobei der bewegliche Kontakt (6) über den zweiten festen Kontakt (5) geerdet ist.
  4. Elektrische Erdungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektronische Vorrichtung aus zwei Thyristoren (9, 10) besteht, die parallel und gegensinnig geschaltet sind.
  5. Elektrische Erdungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung zum Steuern der elektronischen Schaltung einen Abschnitt (14) enthält, der mechanisch mit dem beweglichen Kontakt (6) verbunden ist.
  6. Elektrische Erdungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 und 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abschnitt (14) zu einer elektrischen Spannungssteuerschaltung gehört, die durch Gates der Thyristoren (9, 10) verläuft.
  7. Elektrische Erdungsvorrichtung nach einem Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung eine Bahn (13) enthält, an welcher der Abschnitt (14) schleift und dadurch die Ableitung durchgängig macht, und zwar für einen Mittelteil der Wegstrecke des Abschnitts (14) zwischen der Öffnungsposition und der Schließposition des beweglichen Kontakts und unter Ausschluss der beiden Endabschnitte dieser Wegstrecke.
EP17207350.4A 2016-12-14 2017-12-14 Elektrisches gerät zum erden, das eine isolierableitung umfasst, und sein schliessverfahren Active EP3336871B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1662440A FR3060226B1 (fr) 2016-12-14 2016-12-14 Appareil electrique de mise a la terre, comprenant une derivation isolante, et son procede de fermeture

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3336871A1 EP3336871A1 (de) 2018-06-20
EP3336871B1 true EP3336871B1 (de) 2019-10-30

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EP17207350.4A Active EP3336871B1 (de) 2016-12-14 2017-12-14 Elektrisches gerät zum erden, das eine isolierableitung umfasst, und sein schliessverfahren

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EP (1) EP3336871B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3060226B1 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2438905A1 (fr) * 1978-10-12 1980-05-09 Alsthom Cgee Dispositif de coupure de courant a haute tension
DE3130643A1 (de) * 1981-07-28 1983-02-24 Ernst Prof. Dr.techn.habil. 1000 Berlin Slamecka Hochspannungs- traegerfrequenz- kopplungsanordnung
OA08318A (fr) * 1985-10-29 1988-02-29 Jean Marie Iwandza Dispositif hybride de commutation des courants alternatifs sans arc électrique et sans surtentions.
US5536980A (en) * 1992-11-19 1996-07-16 Texas Instruments Incorporated High voltage, high current switching apparatus
DE50208415D1 (de) * 2001-03-01 2006-11-23 Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh Elektrische schaltung zur vermeidung eines lichtbogens über einem elektrischen kontakt

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3060226B1 (fr) 2020-11-06
FR3060226A1 (fr) 2018-06-15
EP3336871A1 (de) 2018-06-20

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